精品解析：浙江省9+1高中联盟2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考考试英语试题

2023-2024学年高二下开学外语语言能力检测 一、阅读选择 （共20题， 50分） A Writing Contest: Tell A Story It's National Tell a Story Month, and we’re excited to hear yours! For this contest, submit your best fictional stories. Your stories will be judged based on imagery, novelty and originality. There is no specific genre (体裁) for your story. So go ahead and get to writing. We can't wait to read what you have in store for us. Deadline: October 1, 2023 Rules: *You must be a teen (aged 13-19) with a Teen Ink account to enter. *No inappropriate content. * Submissions must relate to the topic (A story). Guidelines and Details: *Your entry must be between about 5-15 minutes (pages) long. *There is no limit to the number of plays you can submit. How to Submit: * Submit entries through our website. All entries submitted to Teen Ink are automatically considered for the contest. See our submission guidelines for more information. * Submit your work to the Fiction category of Teen Ink. You can find this selection after selecting the initial “Article/Poetry” submission type. * Important!! We get a lot of fiction submissions every month. If you want to submit your work for this con test in particular, include the words “Tell A Story” in your submission’s tags (标签). You can do this by using the “additional tags” field in your submission form. Prizes: * Winner (and honorable mentions if space allows) will have their scripts published in Teen Ink magazine. *The overall winner will receive a $25 Amazon gift card. 1. What is a criterion used to evaluate the entries? A. It should be a true story. B. Its content should be creative. C. Its theme should be about teens. D. It should follow a particular genre. 2. Which of the following will lead to failed participation? A. Being a 10-year-old girl. B. Writing an entry of 10 pages. C. Submitting before October 1, 2023. D. Choosing to use a Teen Ink account. 3. What's the purpose of writing the text? A. To inform teenagers of a contest. B. To encourage the use of Teen Ink. C. To stress the significance of writing. D. To select honorable teenage writers. B Aasritha Duriseti, an eighth-grade student at Carson Middle School wanted to help her grandmother who struggled to open bottle caps. She found a solution in her engineering class, where students were tasked with adapting existing products to make daily life easier for people with physical disabilities. Aasritha’s creativity kicked in as she researched existing bottle-opening devices. “The shape and size of a cellphone are familiar,” she said. To create a better bottle opener, Aasritha used a piece of wood. It was shaped like a cellphone. Next, she put three holes in the wood. The holes were in different sizes so that they could match common bottle cap sizes. Each hole also had a layer of dried hot glue, providing a strong hold for the bottle caps. With a simple twisting motion, her grandmother could open bottles without assistance. While addressing challenges those with learning disabilities, movement challenges and other issues face, students like Aasritha used more than their math, physics, and tool skills. They also learned about empathy (共情). “Empathy is looking at problems from another person’s point of view,” Aasritha’s teacher, Mark Bolt, said. “It’s an important part of engineering. Engineers need to put themselves in their product users’ shoes to build effective solutions.” It was empathy, while watching friends and family deal with daily tasks, that pushed other students’ projects. Student Michael noticed how reading disorder made it difficult for his friends to follow along on pages full of text. Their brains tend to confuse the order of numbers, letters, and other images. So Michael created a small adjustable window-blind-style device. “My friend could separate small sections of text while reading,” he said. In the process, students tried different versions of their products to make the best one to show the class. Rather than having step-by-step directions for the projects, Bolt preferred to leave students’ creative paths open. “If we want to do better, we have to have a chance to fail,” he said. 4. What might be a solution to Aasritha’s engineering class task? A. To invent new products. B. To better wheelchairs. C. To raise money for the disabled. D. To teach lower-grade students engineering. 5. Why are the three holes’ sizes different in Aasritha’s bottle opener? A. To ensure a wider use. B. To make the most of space. C. To beautify the bottle opener. D. To make the opener easier to hold. 6. According to Mark Bolt, while designing products engineers should _________. A. ask for the users’ advice B. be thoughtful of their users C improve their work effectiveness D. focus more on the people around them 7. What does Mark Bolt think is important in the students’ creation? A. Aiming to be the best creator. B. Having room for free exploration. C. Following a strict set of rules and steps. D. Serving different functions in different situations. C It is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socio-economic backgrounds tend to do less well in the education system. In an attempt to help the children of poor families, a nationwide program called “Headstart” was started in the US in 1965. A lot of money was poured into it. It took children into pre-school institutions at the age of three and was supposed to help them succeed in school. But the results have been disappointing , because the program began too late. Many children who entered it at three were already behind their peers in language and intelligence and the parents were not involved in the process. At the end of each day, “Headstart” children returned to the same disadvantaged home environment. To improve the results, another program was started in Missouri that concentrated on parents as the child,s first teachers. This program was based on research showing that working with the family is the most effective way of helping children get the best possible start in life. The four-year study included 380 families who were about to have their first child and represented different social-economic status, age and family structure. The program involved trained educators visiting and working with the parent or parents and the child. The program also gave the parents some guidance, and useful skills on child development. At three, the children involved in the “Missouri” program were evaluated with the children selected from the same socio-economic background and family situations. The results were obvious. The children in the program were more advanced in language development, problem solving and other intellectual skills than their peers. They performed equally well regardless of socio-economic backgrounds or family structure. The one factor that was found to affect the child,s development was the poor quality of parent-child interaction. That interaction was not necessarily bad in poorer families. The “Missouri” program compares quite distinctly with the “Headstart” program. Without a similar focus on parent education and on the vital importance of the first three years, some evidence indicates that it will not be enough to overcome educational unfairness. 8. What caused the failure of the “Headstart” program ? A. The large number of poor families. B. The disapproval from children. C. The late start of the program. D. The long period of time. 9. What do we know about the “Missouri” program ? A. It focused on the children,s first school teachers. B. It helped the children return to the same home. C. It made the children improved in many aspects. D. It gave the parents advice on their development. 10. According to the passage, what is likely to influence children,s performance ? A. The number of family members. B. The parent-child communication. C. The intelligence of their parents. D. The teacher-student relationship. 11. How does the author develop the passage ? A. By listing figures. B. By making comparisons. C. By giving examples. D. By drawing conclusions. D The decline in moral standards - which has long concerned social analysts-has at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad. The fact that ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nation's moral climate, says this ethics(伦理学) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it. But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American society are gaining popularity. “The thought that ‘I’m in it for me has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness,” Ms. Elshtain says. Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration(瓦解) of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With today's greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self. In a 1996 poll of Americans loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U. S. And Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers. The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament(挽歌) for some nonexistent “golden age,” Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful longing for a smash of the discrimination that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice. and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice. Moral decline will not be reversed(扭转) until people find ways to oppose the materialism in society, she says. “Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that can't be bought.” 12. Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans _______. A. have adapted to a new set of moral standards B. are longing for the return of the good old days C. have realized the importance of material things D. are awakening to the lowering of their moral standards 13 The moral decline of American society is caused mainly by _______. A. the growing wealth of the country B. the self-centeredness of individuals C. underestimating the impact of social changes D. the prejudice against women and minorities 14. Which of the following characterizes the traditional communities? A. Great mobility. B. Emphasis on individual effort. C. Concern for one’s neighbor. D. Ever-weakening social bonds. 15. According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed _______. A. if people can return to the “golden age” B. when women and men enjoy equal rights C. when people rid themselves of prejudice D. if less emphasis is laid on material things 七选五 There’s a long-standing argument in scientific circles over how to classify viruses. They’re not lifeless, because they multiply and have genes. Yet they’re not “alive,” as they don’t have cells, and can’t survive on their own. Viruses reproduce by hijacking (劫持) the host’s cells, eventually causing them to burst and die. _____16_____ In order to protect ourselves from them, we have to know some basic facts about viruses. ____17____ People often think of just a few viruses — influenza, HIV, and now coronaviruses — but they are the most plentiful microbes (微生物) on the planet. There are about 320,000 types that infect mammals, but just 219 are known to infect humans. You can get some viruses more than once. There’s a popular myth that once you’ve had a virus, you’re immune to (对……免疫) it. _____18_____ When you get a virus, your body builds up antibodies to fight it. However, not everyone makes enough antibodies, and they can wear off over time, which is why you need booster shots of some vaccines. You can be contagious (传染性的) without ever showing symptoms. Some viruses can be spread via people who never had signs of the illness or who don’t have symptoms yet. Some people may even be “super-spreaders”. ____19____ Take precautions to prevent spreading viruses even when you don’t feel sick. If you’re very overweight, you need to be extra cautious. Obese people are contagious with the flu virus 42 percent longer than those who aren’t obese. Because obesity is linked to many health problems, it may affect your immune system. _____20_____ A. But that’s not always the case. B. There are many more viruses than you think. C. Loss of taste or smell is an early warning sign. D. Extra weight may make the flu shot (流感疫苗) less effective too. E. Sleep as much as possible to help your body to recover. F. That’s why viruses that infect humans nearly always cause illness. G. They will infect dozens to hundreds of other people without even realizing it. 二、完型填空 （共15空，15分） I was traveling on an overnight bus in Maharashtra. The bus was more than packed; all 55 seats were ___21___ and there were some 20 people standing in the aisle. The air inside was hot and filled with strange, unpleasant smells. The hot day ___22___ the discomfort of the 10-hour journey on the rough and rocky road. Because I was traveling on a student pass, I could not ___23___ a reserved seat. I had no option but to stand — quite ___24___. After around two long hours, I was beyond exhausted and bored. I kept trying to ___25___ myself, shifting my body weight from one leg to the other to manage the discomfort. I suddenly felt a soft hand ___26___ my elbow. Turning around, I found a middle-aged man with a kind smile looking up at me. He stood up and said I could take his ___27___ for some time. I was pleasantly surprised and immediately accepted his offer. After 20 minutes, I ___28___ him to take back his space. A man, who was sitting by the window on the other side of the bus, had observed our ___29___. Just then, something magic al happened. Our observer _____30_____ stood up and offered his seat to another standing man. This game of seat-sharing _____31_____ through the bus and, before long, almost all the standers got a chance to be seated. People even started chatting with each other while exchanging _____32_____, and soon began sharing joke s and singing. The rest of the journey was quite enjoyable. The bus reached its destination in the early morning. The groups quickly _____33_____ and went their way. But this _____34_____ experience has stayed with me even after all these years. It revealed to me an important fact that we can all _____35_____ what we have, including our burdens, and help our co-passengers in this journey called life. 21. A. extended B. stolen C. occupied D. removed 22. A. added to B. belonged to C. attended to D. turned to 23. A. admit B. fetch C. withdraw D. claim 24. A. freely B. uncomfortably C. pleasantly D. guiltily 25. A. bend B. bounce C. bow D. balance 26. A. tapping B. hitting C. flipping D. dragging 27. A. ticket B. seat C. venue D. chance 28. A. sponsored B. instructed C. signaled D. licensed 29 A. appointment B. violence C. exchange D. conflict 30. A. occasionally B. especially C. properly D. voluntarily 31. A. got B. spread C. saw D. went 32. A. opinions B. cards C. positions D. addresses 33. A. separated B. assembled C. negotiated D. resigned 34. A. practical B. extraordinary C. random D. absurd 35. A. reflect B. treasure C. categorize D. share 三、语篇填空 (10空，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 After realizing students at his elementary school were going hungry at home, PE teacher Jason Watson got a wave of inspiration and a cool set of wheels. Jason and his wife, Anne, bought ____36____ used ice-cream truck and the couple, both aged 39, started to deliver hot home-cooked lunches and icy treats to kids in need in their town ____37____ the help of their own kids. It all started back in 2016 when the pair engaged in an extracurricular program for kids ____38____ included free lunches. When the tough time came in 2020, their in-person outreach was paused indefinitely, so they purchased the truck in October and ____39____ (be) hard at work since. The family now cook all the meals themselves, ____40____ (post) on social media the dates and times when they will be delivering. To date, it is estimated that they have served ____41____(rough)1, 500 lunches from the truck. Their kindness is supported by many other warmhearted people. When they launched a GoFundMe ____42____ (raise) money for the truck in June, 2022, they ____43____ (blow) away by outpouring of donations. They raised more than 10, 000 dollars. Encouraged by people’s ____44____ (generous), they’ve decided to do more. Their dream is to possibly open a free cafe where they can invite people to sit, have a hot dinner _____45_____ then share life together. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2023-2024学年高二下开学外语语言能力检测 一、阅读选择 （共20题， 50分） A Writing Contest: Tell A Story It's National Tell a Story Month, and we’re excited to hear yours! For this contest, submit your best fictional stories. Your stories will be judged based on imagery, novelty and originality. There is no specific genre (体裁) for your story. So go ahead and get to writing. We can't wait to read what you have in store for us. Deadline: October 1, 2023 Rules: *You must be a teen (aged 13-19) with a Teen Ink account to enter. *No inappropriate content. * Submissions must relate to the topic (A story). Guidelines and Details: *Your entry must be between about 5-15 minutes (pages) long. *There is no limit to the number of plays you can submit. How to Submit: * Submit entries through our website. All entries submitted to Teen Ink are automatically considered for the contest. See our submission guidelines for more information. * Submit your work to the Fiction category of Teen Ink. You can find this selection after selecting the initial “Article/Poetry” submission type. * Important!! We get a lot of fiction submissions every month. If you want to submit your work for this con test in particular, include the words “Tell A Story” in your submission’s tags (标签). You can do this by using the “additional tags” field in your submission form. Prizes: * Winner (and honorable mentions, if space allows) will have their scripts published in Teen Ink magazine. *The overall winner will receive a $25 Amazon gift card. 1. What is a criterion used to evaluate the entries? A. It should be a true story. B. Its content should be creative. C. Its theme should be about teens. D. It should follow a particular genre. 2. Which of the following will lead to failed participation? A. Being a 10-year-old girl. B. Writing an entry of 10 pages. C. Submitting before October 1, 2023. D. Choosing to use a Teen Ink account. 3. What's the purpose of writing the text? A. To inform teenagers of a contest. B. To encourage the use of Teen Ink. C. To stress the significance of writing. D. To select honorable teenage writers. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文介绍了Teen Ink杂志的“讲故事比赛”的相关内容，包括评选标准、参赛规则、作品提交方式、以及获奖奖励等信息。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“ Your stories will be judged based on imagery, novelty and originality.(你的故事将根据意象、新颖性和原创性来评判)”可知，提交的故事作品将会根据意象、新颖性和原创性来评判即根据故事内容的创造力来评判。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Rules部分中“You must be a teen (aged 13-19) with a Teen Ink account to enter.(您必须是拥有teen Ink帐户的青少年(13-19岁)才能进入)”可知，年龄在13-19岁之间的青少年才能参加比赛。A选项“Being a 10-year-old girl.”不符合参赛的标准。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，文章介绍了Teen Ink杂志的“讲故事比赛”的相关内容，包括评选标准、参赛规则、作品提交方式、以及获奖奖励等信息。故文章的目的是通知青少年有关比赛的消息。故选A。 B Aasritha Duriseti, an eighth-grade student at Carson Middle School wanted to help her grandmother who struggled to open bottle caps. She found a solution in her engineering class, where students were tasked with adapting existing products to make daily life easier for people with physical disabilities. Aasritha’s creativity kicked in as she researched existing bottle-opening devices. “The shape and size of a cellphone are familiar,” she said. To create a better bottle opener, Aasritha used a piece of wood. It was shaped like a cellphone. Next, she put three holes in the wood. The holes were in different sizes so that they could match common bottle cap sizes. Each hole also had a layer of dried hot glue, providing a strong hold for the bottle caps. With a simple twisting motion, her grandmother could open bottles without assistance. While addressing challenges those with learning disabilities, movement challenges and other issues face, students like Aasritha used more than their math, physics, and tool skills. They also learned about empathy (共情). “Empathy is looking at problems from another person’s point of view,” Aasritha’s teacher, Mark Bolt, said. “It’s an important part of engineering. Engineers need to put themselves in their product users’ shoes to build effective solutions.” It was empathy, while watching friends and family deal with daily tasks, that pushed other students’ projects. Student Michael noticed how reading disorder made it difficult for his friends to follow along on pages full of text. Their brains tend to confuse the order of numbers, letters, and other images. So Michael created a small adjustable window-blind-style device. “My friend could separate small sections of text while reading,” he said. In the process, students tried different versions of their products to make the best one to show the class. Rather than having step-by-step directions for the projects, Bolt preferred to leave students’ creative paths open. “If we want to do better, we have to have a chance to fail,” he said. 4. What might be a solution to Aasritha’s engineering class task? A. To invent new products. B. To better wheelchairs. C. To raise money for the disabled. D. To teach lower-grade students engineering. 5. Why are the three holes’ sizes different in Aasritha’s bottle opener? A. To ensure a wider use. B. To make the most of space. C. To beautify the bottle opener. D. To make the opener easier to hold. 6. According to Mark Bolt, while designing products engineers should _________. A. ask for the users’ advice B. be thoughtful of their users C. improve their work effectiveness D. focus more on the people around them 7. What does Mark Bolt think is important in the students’ creation? A. Aiming to be the best creator. B. Having room for free exploration. C. Following a strict set of rules and steps. D. Serving different functions in different situations. 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了卡森中学的一名八年级学生Aasritha Duriseti发明开瓶器的故事。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“She found a solution in her engineering class, where students were tasked with adapting existing products to make daily life easier for people with physical disabilities. (她在自己的工程课上找到了解决办法，学生们的任务是改造现有的产品，让身体残疾的人的日常生活更方便)”可推知，改进轮椅可能是Aasritha工程课上的任务。故选B项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Next, she put three holes in the wood. The holes were in different sizes so that they could match common bottle cap sizes. (接着，她在木头上钻了三个孔。这些孔的大小不同，以便与普通的瓶盖尺寸相匹配)”可知，Aasritha开瓶器的三个孔大小不同为了确保更广泛的使用。故选A项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中Mark Bolt所说“Engineers need to put themselves in their product users’ shoes to build effective solutions.(工程师需要站在产品用户的角度来构建有效的解决方案)”可知，在设计产品时工程师应该为用户着想。故选B项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Rather than having step-by-step directions for the projects, Bolt preferred to leave students’ creative paths open. (Bolt并没有为这些项目提供循序渐进的指导，而是更愿意让学生们自由发挥自己的创造力)”可推知，Mark Bolt认为在学生的创作中有自由探索的空间是重要的。故选B项。 C It is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socio-economic backgrounds tend to do less well in the education system. In an attempt to help the children of poor families, a nationwide program called “Headstart” was started in the US in 1965. A lot of money was poured into it. It took children into pre-school institutions at the age of three and was supposed to help them succeed in school. But the results have been disappointing , because the program began too late. Many children who entered it at three were already behind their peers in language and intelligence and the parents were not involved in the process. At the end of each day, “Headstart” children returned to the same disadvantaged home environment. To improve the results, another program was started in Missouri that concentrated on parents as the child,s first teachers. This program was based on research showing that working with the family is the most effective way of helping children get the best possible start in life. The four-year study included 380 families who were about to have their first child and represented different social-economic status, age and family structure. The program involved trained educators visiting and working with the parent or parents and the child. The program also gave the parents some guidance, and useful skills on child development. At three, the children involved in the “Missouri” program were evaluated with the children selected from the same socio-economic background and family situations. The results were obvious. The children in the program were more advanced in language development, problem solving and other intellectual skills than their peers. They performed equally well regardless of socio-economic backgrounds or family structure. The one factor that was found to affect the child,s development was the poor quality of parent-child interaction. That interaction was not necessarily bad in poorer families. The “Missouri” program compares quite distinctly with the “Headstart” program. Without a similar focus on parent education and on the vital importance of the first three years, some evidence indicates that it will not be enough to overcome educational unfairness. 8. What caused the failure of the “Headstart” program ? A. The large number of poor families. B. The disapproval from children. C. The late start of the program. D. The long period of time. 9. What do we know about the “Missouri” program ? A. It focused on the children,s first school teachers. B. It helped the children return to the same home. C. It made the children improved in many aspects. D. It gave the parents advice on their development. 10. According to the passage, what is likely to influence children,s performance ? A. The number of family members. B. The parent-child communication. C. The intelligence of their parents. D. The teacher-student relationship. 11. How does the author develop the passage ? A. By listing figures. B. By making comparisons. C. By giving examples. D. By drawing conclusions. 【答案】8. C 9. C 10. B 11. B 【解析】 【分析】本文属于说明文，为了研究促进贫穷家庭孩子智力发展，分别进行了Headstart和Missouri项目进行研究，结果一个失败了，一个成功了，发现了父母与孩子的交流更影响孩子的智力发育。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段But the results have been disappointing , because the program began too late.可知，结果不佳，因为项目开始的太晚了，故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段The results were obvious. The children in the program were more advanced in language development, problem solving and other intellectual skills than their peers.可知，参加了“Missouri“项目的孩子，在语言发展、问题解决和其他智力技能方面都比同龄人要高级，故可知，这个项目在多个方面让孩子提升很多，故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段The one factor that was found to affect the child,s development was the poor quality of parent-child interaction. That interaction was not necessarily bad in poorer families.可知，影响孩子发展的一个因素就是父母与孩子之间交流的质量很差，而这种交流在家庭经济情况较差的家庭不一定就不如人，故可知，父母与孩子的交流更影响孩子的发展，故选B。 【11题详解】 写作策略题。根据文章可知，本文分别举了Headstart和Missouri项目对孩子的发展进行研究，结果一个失败了，一个成功了，发现了父母与孩子的交流更影响孩子的智力发育，故可知，作者写这篇文章是通过对这两个项目进行对比的，故选B。 D The decline in moral standards - which has long concerned social analysts-has at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad. The fact that ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nation's moral climate, says this ethics(伦理学) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it. But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American society are gaining popularity. “The thought that ‘I’m in it for me has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness,” Ms. Elshtain says. Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration(瓦解) of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With today's greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self. In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U. S. And Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers. The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament(挽歌) for some nonexistent “golden age,” Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful longing for a smash of the discrimination that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice. and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice. Moral decline will not be reversed(扭转) until people find ways to oppose the materialism in society, she says. “Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that can't be bought.” 12. Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans _______. A. have adapted to a new set of moral standards B. are longing for the return of the good old days C. have realized the importance of material things D. are awakening to the lowering of their moral standards 13. The moral decline of American society is caused mainly by _______. A. the growing wealth of the country B. the self-centeredness of individuals C. underestimating the impact of social changes D. the prejudice against women and minorities 14. Which of the following characterizes the traditional communities? A. Great mobility. B. Emphasis on individual effort. C. Concern for one’s neighbor. D. Ever-weakening social bonds. 15. According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed _______. A. if people can return to the “golden age” B. when women and men enjoy equal rights C. when people rid themselves of prejudice D. if less emphasis is laid on material things 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了美国社会的道德沦丧问题。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The decline in moral standards - which has long concerned social analysts-has at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad. (道德标准的下降——这个长期困扰社会分析家的问题——终于引起了普通美国人的注意。Jean Bethke Elshtain就是其中之一，她很高兴。)”可知，Elshtain教授很高兴看到美国人他们意识到自己的道德标准降低了。故选D项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Materialism and individualism in American society are gaining popularity. (美国社会的物质主义和个人主义越来越流行。)”和“The thought that ‘I’m in it for me has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness. (‘我为自己而战’的想法已经深深植根于民族意识中。)”可知，美国社会的道德沦丧主要是由于个人的自我中心造成的。故选B项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration(瓦解) of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says.(她说，其中一些可以归因于传统社区的解体，在传统社区中，邻居们互相照顾。)”可知，关心邻居是传统社区的特征。故选C项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Moral decline will not be reversed(扭转) until people find ways to oppose the materialism in society, she says. (她说，除非人们找到反对社会唯物主义的方法，否则道德衰退将无法逆转。)”可知，Elshtain认为，如果不那么重视物质的东西，目前的道德衰退可能会逆转。故选D项。 七选五 There’s a long-standing argument in scientific circles over how to classify viruses. They’re not lifeless, because they multiply and have genes. Yet they’re not “alive,” as they don’t have cells, and can’t survive on their own. Viruses reproduce by hijacking (劫持) the host’s cells, eventually causing them to burst and die. _____16_____ In order to protect ourselves from them, we have to know some basic facts about viruses. ____17____ People often think of just a few viruses — influenza, HIV, and now coronaviruses — but they are the most plentiful microbes (微生物) on the planet. There are about 320,000 types that infect mammals, but just 219 are known to infect humans. You can get some viruses more than once. There’s a popular myth that once you’ve had a virus, you’re immune to (对……免疫) it. _____18_____ When you get a virus, your body builds up antibodies to fight it. However, not everyone makes enough antibodies, and they can wear off over time, which is why you need booster shots of some vaccines. You can be contagious (传染性的) without ever showing symptoms. Some viruses can be spread via people who never had signs of the illness or who don’t have symptoms yet. Some people may even be “super-spreaders”. ____19____ Take precautions to prevent spreading viruses even when you don’t feel sick. If you’re very overweight, you need to be extra cautious. Obese people are contagious with the flu virus 42 percent longer than those who aren’t obese. Because obesity is linked to many health problems, it may affect your immune system. _____20_____ A. But that’s not always the case. B. There are many more viruses than you think. C. Loss of taste or smell is an early warning sign. D. Extra weight may make the flu shot (流感疫苗) less effective too. E. Sleep as much as possible to help your body to recover. F. That’s why viruses that infect humans nearly always cause illness. G. They will infect dozens to hundreds of other people without even realizing it. 【答案】16. F 17. B 18. A 19. G 20. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有关病毒知识。 【16题详解】 上文“Viruses reproduce by hijacking (劫持) the host’s cells, eventually causing them to burst and die.(病毒通过劫持宿主细胞来繁殖，最终导致宿主细胞破裂死亡)”说明，病毒的繁殖导致宿主细胞死亡，选项F“这就是为什么感染人类的病毒几乎总是会致病的原因。”和上文存在因果关系，病毒导致细胞死亡，进而导致了疾病。故选F项。 【17题详解】 下文“People often think of just a few viruses—influenza, HIV, and now coronaviruses—but they are the most plentiful microbes (微生物) on the planet. (人们通常只想到几种病毒——流感病毒、艾滋病病毒和现在的冠状病毒——但它们是地球上数量最多的微生物)”说明病毒比人们想到的几种要多得多，选项B“病毒比你想象的要多得多。”概括引领下文。故选B项。 【18题详解】 上文“There’s a popular myth that once you’ve had a virus, you’re immune to (对……免疫) it.(有一个受欢迎的荒诞说法，一旦你感染过某种病毒，你就对它免疫了)”和下文“When you get a virus, your body builds up antibodies to fight it. However, not everyone makes enough antibodies, and they can wear off over time, which is why you need booster shots of some vaccines.(当你感染病毒时，你的身体会产生抗体来对抗它。然而，并不是每个人都能产生足够的抗体，而且它们会随着时间的推移而消失，这就是为什么你需要加强注射一些疫苗)”说明上下文发生转折，下文说明情况并不总是上文所说“感染过就免疫了”，选项A“但情况并非总是如此。”承上启下，符合语境。故选A项。 【19题详解】 上文“Some viruses can be spread via people who never had signs of the illness or who don’t have symptoms yet. Some people may even be ‘super-spreaders’. (有些病毒可以通过从未有过疾病迹象或尚未出现症状的人传播。有些人甚至可能是‘超级传播者’)”介绍病毒的传播性，选项G“他们会在不知不觉中感染几十到几百人。”承接上文，和上文存在因果关系，是上文的结果。故选G项。 20题详解】 上文“Obese people are contagious with the flu virus 42 percent longer than those who aren’t obese. Because obesity is linked to many health problems, it may affect your immune system.(肥胖者感染流感病毒的时间比非肥胖者长42%。因为过度肥胖与许多健康问题有关，它可能会影响你的免疫系统)”介绍过度肥胖会造成健康问题，选项D“超重也可能使流感疫苗效果降低。”承接上文，说明肥胖造成的另一问题，可能使流感疫苗效果降低。上文中obesity和选项中Extra weight语义一致，故选D项。 二、完型填空 （共15空，15分） I was traveling on an overnight bus in Maharashtra. The bus was more than packed; all 55 seats were ___21___ and there were some 20 people standing in the aisle. The air inside was hot and filled with strange, unpleasant smells. The hot day ___22___ the discomfort of the 10-hour journey on the rough and rocky road. Because I was traveling on a student pass, I could not ___23___ a reserved seat. I had no option but to stand — quite ___24___. After around two long hours, I was beyond exhausted and bored. I kept trying to ___25___ myself, shifting my body weight from one leg to the other to manage the discomfort. I suddenly felt a soft hand ___26___ my elbow. Turning around, I found a middle-aged man with a kind smile looking up at me. He stood up and said I could take his ___27___ for some time. I was pleasantly surprised and immediately accepted his offer. After 20 minutes, I ___28___ him to take back his space. A man, who was sitting by the window on the other side of the bus, had observed our ___29___. Just then, something magic al happened. Our observer _____30_____ stood up and offered his seat to another standing man. This game of seat-sharing _____31_____ through the bus and, before long, almost all the standers got a chance to be seated. People even started chatting with each other while exchanging _____32_____, and soon began sharing joke s and singing. The rest of the journey was quite enjoyable. The bus reached its destination in the early morning. The groups quickly _____33_____ and went their way. But this _____34_____ experience has stayed with me even after all these years. It revealed to me an important fact that we can all _____35_____ what we have, including our burdens, and help our co-passengers in this journey called life. 21. A. extended B. stolen C. occupied D. removed 22. A. added to B. belonged to C. attended to D. turned to 23. A. admit B. fetch C. withdraw D. claim 24. A. freely B. uncomfortably C. pleasantly D. guiltily 25. A. bend B. bounce C. bow D. balance 26. A. tapping B. hitting C. flipping D. dragging 27. A. ticket B. seat C. venue D. chance 28. A. sponsored B. instructed C. signaled D. licensed 29. A. appointment B. violence C. exchange D. conflict 30. A. occasionally B. especially C. properly D. voluntarily 31. A. got B. spread C. saw D. went 32. A. opinions B. cards C. positions D. addresses 33. A. separated B. assembled C. negotiated D. resigned 34. A. practical B. extraordinary C. random D. absurd 35. A. reflect B. treasure C. categorize D. share 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过叙述作者在Maharashtra乘坐夜间巴士的经历，展现了一个关于分享和互助的感人故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这辆巴士挤得满满当当；55个座位都坐满了人，还有大约20个人站在过道上。A. extended延伸、延长；B. stolen偷；C. occupied占据；D. removed去除。根据下文“there were some 20 people standing in the aisle”可推测，55个座位都坐满了人。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：炎热天气加上在崎岖不平的道路上行驶的10小时旅程，让人感到更加不适。A. added to增加；B. belonged to属于；C. attended to注意、照料；D. turned to转向。根据上文“The air inside was hot and filled with strange, unpleasant smells.”可知，巴士内已经非常不舒适，而炎热的天气更加增添了不适。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为我持有学生票，所以我不能要求预留座位。A. admit承认、允许进入；B. fetch取回；C. withdraw撤回、撤退；D. claim要求、主张、声称。根据上文“Because I was traveling on a student pass”可知，作者持有的学生票，所以不能要求预留座位。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我别无选择，只能站着——非常不舒服。A. freely自由地；B. uncomfortably不舒服地；C. pleasantly愉快地；D. guiltily内疚地、有罪地。根据上文“The hot day ___2___ the discomfort of the 10-hour journey on the rough and rocky road.”可推测，作者此时非常不舒服，而长时间站着则让作者更加不舒服。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不断尝试着保持平衡，将身体重量从一条腿换到另一条腿，以缓解不适。A. bend弯曲、屈服；B. bounce弹起；C. bow鞠躬；D. balance平衡。根据下文“shifting my body weight from one leg to the other to manage the discomfort”可知，作者在努力保持平衡。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，我感觉到一只柔软的手轻轻拍了拍我的胳膊。A. tapping轻拍；B. hitting打击、碰撞；C. flipping掷、翻转；D. dragging拖。根据下文“Turning around, I found a middle-aged man with a kind smile looking up at me.”可推测，作者感到有只手在轻拍自己的胳膊。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他站起身来说我可以坐他的座位一段时间。A. ticket票；B. seat座位；C. venue场所；D. chance机会。根据下文“I was pleasantly surprised and immediately accepted his offer. After 20 minutes, I ___8___ him to take back his space.”可判断，他是让作者坐自己的座位。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：20分钟后，我示意他坐回自己的位置。A. sponsored赞助；B. instructed指导；C. signaled发信号、示意；D. licensed特许。根据空后“him to take back his space”可知，作者是向他示意坐回自己的位置。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这时，坐在巴士另一侧靠窗位置的一个男人目睹了我们的交换。A. appointment约定；B. violence暴力；C. exchange交换；D. conflict冲突。根据上文“I was pleasantly surprised and immediately accepted his offer. After 20 minutes, I ___8___ him to take back his space.”可知，作者和身边的这位男士互换了座位。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们的旁观者自愿站起身，将座位让给了另一个站着的人。A. occasionally偶尔地；B. especially尤其；C. properly适当地；D. voluntarily自动地。自愿地。根据下文“It revealed to me an important fact that we can all ____15____ what we have, including our burdens, and help our co-passengers in this journey called life.”以及全文内容可知，这些人都是自愿让出座位。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种让座行为在巴士上迅速传播开来，不久之后，几乎所有站着的人都得到了座位。A. got得到；B. spread传播；C. saw看见；D. went离开。根据下文“before long, almost all the standers got a chance to be seated.”可知，这种行为在巴士上蔓延开。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们在交换位置的同时开始聊天，很快就开始分享笑话和唱歌。A. opinions观点；B. cards卡片；C. positions位置、职位；D. addresses地点。根据上文“Our observer ____10____ stood up and offered his seat to another standing man. This game of seat-sharing ____11____ through the bus and, before long, almost all the standers got a chance to be seated.”可知，人们一边交换座位一边聊天。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们迅速分开，各奔东西。A. separated分开，分离，隔开；B. assembled聚集；C. negotiated协商；D. resigned辞职、放弃、顺从。根据下文“went their way”可知，人们迅速分开。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这次非凡的经历即使过了这么多年，仍然留在我的记忆中。A. practical实用的；B. extraordinary非凡的；C. random任意的；D. absurd荒唐的。根据下文“experience has stayed with me even after all these years”可知，即使过了这么多年，仍然留在我的记忆中，对于作者而言这是一次美好的，非凡的经历。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它向我揭示了一个重要的事实，那就是我们都可以分享我们所拥有的，包括我们的负担，并在这段名为人生的旅程中帮助我们的同伴。A. reflect反映、反射；B. treasure珍视；C. categorize分类；D. share分享。根据上文内容可知，巴士中有座位的人主动将自己的座位提供给没有座位的人，这是一种分享。故选D。 三、语篇填空 (10空，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 After realizing students at his elementary school were going hungry at home, PE teacher Jason Watson got a wave of inspiration and a cool set of wheels. Jason and his wife, Anne, bought ____36____ used ice-cream truck and the couple, both aged 39, started to deliver hot home-cooked lunches and icy treats to kids in need in their town ____37____ the help of their own kids. It all started back in 2016 when the pair engaged in an extracurricular program for kids ____38____ included free lunches. When the tough time came in 2020 their in-person outreach was paused indefinitely, so they purchased the truck in October and ____39____ (be) hard at work since. The family now cook all the meals themselves, ____40____ (post) on social media the dates and times when they will be delivering. To date, it is estimated that they have served ____41____(rough)1, 500 lunches from the truck. Their kindness is supported by many other warmhearted people. When they launched a GoFundMe ____42____ (raise) money for the truck in June, 2022, they ____43____ (blow) away by outpouring of donations. They raised more than 10, 000 dollars. Encouraged by people’s ____44____ (generous), they’ve decided to do more. Their dream is to possibly open a free cafe where they can invite people to sit, have a hot dinner _____45_____ then share life together. 【答案】36. a 37. with 38. that##which 39. have been 40. posting 41. roughly 42. to raise 43. were blown 44. generosity 45. and 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了体育老师Jason Watson意识到自己所在小学的学生在家挨饿后，和妻子一起设法给镇上有需要的孩子们送午餐和冰冻食物的故事。 【36题详解】 考查冠词。句意：Jason和他的妻子安妮买了一辆二手冰淇淋车，这对39岁的夫妇开始在自己孩子的帮助下，给镇上有需要的孩子们送热的家常午餐和冰食。后文名词used ice-cream truck是可数泛指概念，用不定冠词限定。所连接的单词used发音以辅音开头，故填a。 【37题详解】 考查介词。句意：同上。with the help of sb“在某人的帮助下”是固定搭配。故填with。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这一切都要追溯到2016年，当时这对夫妇为孩子们参加了一个课外项目，包括免费午餐。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为an extracurricular program，指代事物，用关系代词that或which引导，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。 【39题详解】 考查时态。句意：当2020年的艰难时期到来时，他们的面对面外展服务被无限期地暂停了，所以他们在10月份购买了这辆卡车，从那以后一直在努力工作。根据时间状语since可知，此处谓语动词用现在完成时，表示过去开始的状态一直持续到现在。故填have been。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这家人现在自己做所有的饭菜，并在社交媒体上公布他们送餐的日期和时间。此处为非谓语，动词和主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语。故填posting。 【41题详解】 考查副词。句意：到目前为止，据估计他们已经从卡车上提供了大约1500份午餐。根据句意可知，此处应用副词roughly“粗略地，大约”作状语，修饰谓语。故填roughly。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：2022年6月，当他们在GoFundMe上为这辆卡车筹集资金时，他们被大量的捐款所震撼。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了”。故填to raise。 【43题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：同上。动词blow away“使印象深刻”和主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语in June, 2022可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填were blown。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：在人们慷慨的鼓励下，他们决定做得更多。名词所有格people’s后应用名词generosity(不可数)作介词by的宾语。故填generosity。 【45题详解】 考查连词。句意：他们的梦想可能是开一家免费的咖啡馆，在那里他们可以邀请人们坐下来，吃一顿热腾腾的晚餐，然后一起分享生活。前后文为并列关系，连接动词原形和情态动词can构成复合谓语。故填and。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$