Unit 1 Period 3 Using Language 1, Assessing Your Progress & Video time（分层作业）-2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Period 3 Using Language 1, Assessing Your Progress & Video time I.语境填词：根据括号里的汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。 1. On the Mid-autumn night, the moon __________ (撒下) a bright light over the garden. 2. Blood cells like red blood cells float in the __________ (血浆). 3. The __________ (影子) figure then disappeared into the darkness without another word. 4. The secretary general says the declaration must now be backed up by __________ (具体的) and effective actions. 5. The goals are at each end of the __________ (彩虹), and the keepers only are allowed to use their hands. 6. I used to __________ (投入) time and energy into projects that were doomed from the start. 7. Such attitudes are valueless unless they __________ (反映) inner cognition and certainty. 8. Respect and friendship provide a __________ (牢固的) foundation for marriage. 9. This flexible __________ (框架) allows any object to be translated into another type. 10. The search for a new __________ (疫苗) will take priority over all other medical research. II.短语过关： 1. __________ (常指学生)野外考察；实地考察；户外教学 2. __________　 蓝屏 3. __________ 微小的亮光 4. __________ 捉弄 5. __________ 镜子厅；镜子之堂 6. __________ 听起来像 7. __________ 因为某种原因 8. ____________________ 五彩缤纷 I. 单句语法填空 1. It rests on three thick legs which make it very __________ (steadily). 2. Looking back over my 16 years of __________ (leader) experience, I’m proud that I’ve helped disabled people. 3. She had recently lost her job as a physician’s __________ (assist), and money was tight. 4. It is said that the breakdown was due to a __________ (mechanic) failure. 5. The characters in the book are __________ (vivid) presented. 6. Einstein was not only the outstanding scientist, but also a __________ (gift) and enthusiastic musician. 7. The traveller may fire at a wild beast __________ (defence) himself in case he is attacked. 8. If you get a chance to see the show, do go—it’s __________ (brilliance). Ⅱ.语法填空 Chinese scientists have created the world’s first light­based quantum (量子) computer, called Jiuzhang. It’s 1 breakthrough in the field after Google completed its quantum computer in 2019. 2 (compare) with today's best supercomputers, Jiuzhang can calculate 100,000 billion times faster. Usually, data 3 (handle) in binary bits (二进位) by classical computers, presenting itself as either 0s or 1s. However, quantum computers process data using qubits (量子位), 4 is identified as 0s, 1s or everything in between. As a result, as the number of qubits 5 (increase), the computing ability of quantum computers rises too. Another advantage of Jiuzhang is that it’s 6 (easy) to make and maintain. Superconducting quantum computers must be kept at ultra-cold temperatures 7 (ensure) their materials can conduct electricity without any resistance. But most parts of Jiuzhang can operate at room temperature except its sensory equipment and it must be kept at－269.1℃. With advantages 8 traditional computers, quantum computers have a wide range of 9 (apply). The calculations carried out by Jiuzhang can 10 (potential) be applied to machine learning, quantum chemistry and graph theory. I. 阅读理解 A Picture this. You’re walking down the street, and you’re feeling... watched. No, there are no monitors, just cars with robotic eyes on them. Takeo Igarashi, the professor of computer science and his team of researchers from University of Tokyo, recently published their findings on autonomous cars with robotic eyes in the journal Association of Computing Machinery. “Self-driving autonomous cars are based on forecasts, algorithms (算法) or sensors. The AI of the car system does not have much interaction with pedestrians (行人). And that’s a problem. That was our starting point,” Igarashi says in an interview. In the research, autonomous vehicles are equipped with robotic eyes that enable them to interact with pedestrians in a more human-like manner. These robotic eyes, powered by advanced AI algorithms, constantly analyze the surrounding environment, especially the position and movement of pedestrians. When the system detects a pedestrian approaching or within the vehicle’s path, the robotic eyes move like human eyes to show that the car has seen them. Moreover, the robotic eyes have additional information through different “expressions”. For instance, if a pedestrian is attempting to cross the street without noticing the approaching autonomous vehicle, the robotic eyes might simulate the human blinking gesture — rapidly blink, used to draw attention. If the pedestrian still doesn’t react, the eyes might widen further to strongly remind him to stop or wait. Additionally, the robotic eye system can work with the car’s voice system to give command such as “Pedestrian Alarm, Vehicle Approaching”, so pedestrians know the car is there without siren (汽笛) warning and what it’s planning to do. 1. What is the key issue Igarashi’s team aims to resolve? A. Lack of monitoring systems. B. Safety concerns for passengers. C. Limited car-pedestrian interaction. D. High cost of autonomous technology. 2. What can the robotic eyes do according to the text? A. Plan the vehicle routes. B. Provide lighting at night. C. Increase the driving speed. D. Make pedestrians aware of vehicles. 3. What does the underlined word “simulate” mean in paragraph 5? A. Notice. B. Copy. C. Stop. D. Analyze. 4. What other safety feature is mentioned to work with the robotic eyes? A. A sensor to detect crashes. B. A device of alarming siren. C. A system of voice commands. D. A camera to see behind the car. B In Gaza, a 15-year-old boy named Hussam Al-Attar has gained recognition for his device that provides electricity to light the tent he shares with his family. Using two fans from a resale market, he created small wind turbines to produce electricity, earning him the nickname “Newton” of Gaza. This comparison involves the English scientist, Isaac Newton, known for his major scientific discoveries in the fields of physics, mathematics and astronomy. “We here are living in darkness and tragedy, and rockets are falling on us, therefore I thought of creating light, and did so,” said Al-Attar. His family are staying in a tent that is partly attached to a house. He was able to climb onto the roof to set up two fans, one above the other. The wind can turn the fans, which produce small amounts of electricity. He then connected the fans to wires and built a charging station. Al-Attar also built switches to control a lighting system made out of wood. He said his first two attempts failed and it took him a while to develop a working system. “I started developing it further, bit by bit, until I was able to extend the wires through the room to the tent that we are living in, so that the tent will have light.” Al-Attar added he was happy to be able to create something to help “ease the suffering” of his family members. He said he is looking forward to the future when conditions can improve in Gaza. “I am very happy that people in this camp call me Gaza’s Newton,” Al-Attar said. He added, “Because I hope to achieve my dream of becoming a scientist like Newton and creating an invention that will benefit not only the people of the Gaza Strip, but the whole world.” 5. Why is Al-Attar called “Newton” of Gaza? A. Because his discoveries affect scientific fields. B. Because his invention is connected with physics. C. Because he becomes scientific about the issues. D. Because he creates a useful device for the tent. 6. What can we infer about Al-Attar from Paragraphs 2 and 3? A. His first attempt at creating the device was successful. B. His device has been adopted for use across that region. C. He put great efforts into developing a functional system. D. He had a professional background in electrical engineering. 7. What motivates Al-Attar to keep going? A. He makes his desires to be a scientist. B. He is eager to give people there hopes. C. He dreams of building a charging station. D. He is ready-to improve his working system. 8. Which is suitable for the title? A. Teenage ‘Newton’ Brings Light to Gaza’s Darkness B. Gaza’s Teenage ‘Newton’ Shines Bright in Science C. ‘Newton’ of Gaza: Al-Attar’s Journey to Success D. Al-Attar: A Young Inventor Making a Difference II.七选五 A few years ago, the scientists Claudia Townsend at the University of Miami and Suzanne Shu at UCLA Anderson School of Management conducted a simple investigation into how aesthetics (美学) influence our investment decisions. They randomly assigned 255 students to receive an annual corporate report. One of these reports was aesthetically pleasing — 1 . The other report was far less attractive. After leafing through these two reports — both of which contained the exact same factual information — the subjects were asked to estimate the lowest acceptable selling price for shares of the company. 2 . If investors were rational agents, then the look of the report shouldn’t have mattered —they should be responding only to its content. 3 Townsend and Shu found that subjects given the prettier document insisted on an average selling price of $327.01 per share. Those shown less pretty document, meanwhile, concluded that the company’s shares were worth only $162.41. This research suggests that the design of the annual report can significantly influence our sense of value. 4 . In recent years, scientists have also looked at how aesthetics impacts our perceptions of trust. Do we find prettier Web sites more trustworthy? There’s no logical reason why that would be the case, of course, but the human mind is full of illogical peculiarity. So far, the evidence suggests that the look of a site is highly correlated with our ratings of trust, 5 . In a paper, researchers showed that our first impressions of a Web site —they showed subjects screen shots for fifty milliseconds, which is too fast for conscious awareness —shaped our subsequent sense of trustworthiness. A. But it is not true. B. it had high-quality images and a clear layout. C. And this pattern doesn’t apply to other aspects. D. a phenomenon often referred to as “the halo effect”. (光环效应) E. When it comes to user assessments of design, function follow s form. F. While Townsend and Shu looked at paper reports, the same logic applies to Web sites. G. Actually, they are required to value the company based on the information in the annual report III.完形填空 Stephen Hawking not only changed the way people thought about science, but he also changed the way people viewed 1 . Diagnosed (诊断) with motor neurone disease in his twenties, many of his scientific discoveries were made while his body was 2 . When Hawking studied at Oxford University, he had a 3 for being lively, humorous and popular. 4 , during his final year at Oxford, he fell over for no particular reason. When noticing his speech (说话的能力) began to be 5 , Hawking sought medical help. It was then that he was diagnosed with the disease. Doctors at the time gave him less than two years to 6 . Luckily, he survived. However, after his diagnosis, his 7 failed quickly. Throughout the 1960s, he required a stick to walk, 8 a wheelchair for many years. It was only by the end of the 1960s that he 9 accepted he would need a full-time mobility aid (助动器). Despite Hawking’s poor health, he made some important scientific 10 . It was in 1974 that he discovered what now is 11 as “Hawking radiation”. Later, in 1988, Hawking published his book A Brief History of Time. It was his 12 — focusing on what was possible rather than impossible — that defined (定义) his public image. His books made science easily 13 for a wider public. Hawking once said, “My advice to other people would be: 14 things your disability doesn’t prevent you from doing well, and don’t 15 the things it interferes (干扰) with. Don’ t be disabled in spirit, as well as physically.” 1. A. nature B. knowledge C. disability D. space 2. A. failing B. recovering C. shaking D. growing 3. A. name B. request C. career D. fantasy 4. A. Hence B. However C. Besides D. Instead 5. A. inaccurate B. boring C. brief D. unclear 6. A. relax B. live C. study D. adopt 7. A. memory B. mind C. sight D. health 8. A. preparing B. refusing C. obtaining D. pushing 9. A. gradually B. formally C. mostly D. apparently 10. A. experiments B. achievements C. conclusions D. researches 11. A. persuaded B. inferred C. known D. predicted 12. A. carefulness B. creativity C. potential D. determination 13. A. visible B. suitable C. understandable D. affordable 14. A. concentrate on B. leave behind C. live off D. believe in 15. A. admit B. share C. forget D. mourn 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Period 3 Using Language 1, Assessing Your Progress & Video time I.语境填词：根据括号里的汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。 1. On the Mid-autumn night, the moon cast (撒下) a bright light over the garden. 2. Blood cells like red blood cells float in the plasma (血浆). 3. The shadowy (影子) figure then disappeared into the darkness without another word. 4. The secretary general says the declaration must now be backed up by concrete (具体的) and effective actions. 5. The goals are at each end of the rainbow (彩虹), and the keepers only are allowed to use their hands. 6. I used to pour (投入) time and energy into projects that were doomed from the start. 7. Such attitudes are valueless unless they reflect (反映) inner cognition and certainty. 8. Respect and friendship provide a solid (牢固的) foundation for marriage. 9. This flexible framework (框架) allows any object to be translated into another type. 10. The search for a new vaccine (疫苗) will take priority over all other medical research. II.短语过关： 1. field trip (常指学生)野外考察；实地考察；户外教学 2. a blue screen　 蓝屏 3. tiny bright lights 微小的亮光 4. play tricks on 捉弄 5. a hall of mirrors 镜子厅；镜子之堂 6. sound like 听起来像 7. for some reason 因为某种原因 8. in every colour of the rainbow 五彩缤纷 I. 单句语法填空 1. It rests on three thick legs which make it very steady (steadily). 2. Looking back over my 16 years of leadership (leader) experience, I’m proud that I’ve helped disabled people. 3. She had recently lost her job as a physician’s assistant (assist), and money was tight. 4. It is said that the breakdown was due to a mechanical (mechanic) failure. 5. The characters in the book are vividly (vivid) presented. 6. Einstein was not only the outstanding scientist, but also a gifted (gift) and enthusiastic musician. 7. The traveller may fire at a wild beast to defend (defence) himself in case he is attacked. 8. If you get a chance to see the show, do go—it’s brilliant (brilliance). Ⅱ.语法填空 Chinese scientists have created the world’s first light­based quantum (量子) computer, called Jiuzhang. It’s 1 breakthrough in the field after Google completed its quantum computer in 2019. 2 (compare) with today's best supercomputers, Jiuzhang can calculate 100,000 billion times faster. Usually, data 3 (handle) in binary bits (二进位) by classical computers, presenting itself as either 0s or 1s. However, quantum computers process data using qubits (量子位), 4 is identified as 0s, 1s or everything in between. As a result, as the number of qubits 5 (increase), the computing ability of quantum computers rises too. Another advantage of Jiuzhang is that it’s 6 (easy) to make and maintain. Superconducting quantum computers must be kept at ultra-cold temperatures 7 (ensure) their materials can conduct electricity without any resistance. But most parts of Jiuzhang can operate at room temperature except its sensory equipment and it must be kept at－269.1℃. With advantages 8 traditional computers, quantum computers have a wide range of 9 (apply). The calculations carried out by Jiuzhang can 10 (potential) be applied to machine learning, quantum chemistry and graph theory. 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学家成功创造了世界上第一台光子的量子计算机“九章”，并介绍了它的工作原理和优势。 1. a　考查冠词。breakthrough意为“突破；重大进展”，为可数名词，句中泛指“一个突破”，应用不定冠词修饰，且breakthrough的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 2. Compared　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词can calculate，且两者之间无连词，所以此处compare应用非谓语动词形式；句子主语Jiuzhang与compare之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用compare的过去分词形式在句中作状语，且位于句首，单词首字母大写，故填Compared。 3. is handled　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境和句中的Usually可知，句子表示的是经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时；句子主语data与handle之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且data用作“数据”时为不可数名词，故填is handled。 4. which　考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为qubits，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。 5. increases　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处为as引导的时间状语从句，且陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；increase意为“增加”，句中the number of意为“……的数量”，后接名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，故填increases。 6. easier　考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处是在介绍九章的优点，把九章和其他计算机进行比较，应用比较级，故填easier。 7. to ensure　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词must be kept，且与设空处之间无连词，所以此处ensure为非谓语动词。“确保其材料能够在没有任何电阻的情况下导电”是“超导量子计算机必须保持在超低温下”的目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to ensure。 8. over　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示的是“量子计算机的优势超过传统计算机”。advantages over意为“优于……”，故填over。 9. applications　考查名词和名词的数。分析句子可知，a wide range of意为“广泛的……”，后接可数名词复数作宾语，故填applications。 10. potentially　考查副词。be applied to意为“应用于”，为动词短语，前面应用副词修饰，故填potentially。 I. 阅读理解 A Picture this. You’re walking down the street, and you’re feeling... watched. No, there are no monitors, just cars with robotic eyes on them. Takeo Igarashi, the professor of computer science and his team of researchers from University of Tokyo, recently published their findings on autonomous cars with robotic eyes in the journal Association of Computing Machinery. “Self-driving autonomous cars are based on forecasts, algorithms (算法) or sensors. The AI of the car system does not have much interaction with pedestrians (行人). And that’s a problem. That was our starting point,” Igarashi says in an interview. In the research, autonomous vehicles are equipped with robotic eyes that enable them to interact with pedestrians in a more human-like manner. These robotic eyes, powered by advanced AI algorithms, constantly analyze the surrounding environment, especially the position and movement of pedestrians. When the system detects a pedestrian approaching or within the vehicle’s path, the robotic eyes move like human eyes to show that the car has seen them. Moreover, the robotic eyes have additional information through different “expressions”. For instance, if a pedestrian is attempting to cross the street without noticing the approaching autonomous vehicle, the robotic eyes might simulate the human blinking gesture — rapidly blink, used to draw attention. If the pedestrian still doesn’t react, the eyes might widen further to strongly remind him to stop or wait. Additionally, the robotic eye system can work with the car’s voice system to give command such as “Pedestrian Alarm, Vehicle Approaching”, so pedestrians know the car is there without siren (汽笛) warning and what it’s planning to do. 1. What is the key issue Igarashi’s team aims to resolve? A. Lack of monitoring systems. B. Safety concerns for passengers. C. Limited car-pedestrian interaction. D. High cost of autonomous technology. 2. What can the robotic eyes do according to the text? A. Plan the vehicle routes. B. Provide lighting at night. C. Increase the driving speed. D. Make pedestrians aware of vehicles. 3. What does the underlined word “simulate” mean in paragraph 5? A. Notice. B. Copy. C. Stop. D. Analyze. 4. What other safety feature is mentioned to work with the robotic eyes? A. A sensor to detect crashes. B. A device of alarming siren. C. A system of voice commands. D. A camera to see behind the car. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了自动驾驶汽车机器人眼睛的应用，它们有助于改善车辆与行人之间的互动，从而提升交通安全和效率。 1. 细节理解题。根据第三段的““Self-driving autonomous cars are based on forecasts, algorithms or sensors. The AI of the car system does not have much interaction with pedestrians. And that’s a problem. That was our starting point,” Igarashi says in an interview.(“自动驾驶汽车基于预测、算法或传感器。汽车系统的AI与行人没有太多的交互。这是一个问题。那是我们的出发点，”Igarashi在一次采访中说。)”可知，Igarashi的团队旨在解决车辆与行人互动有限的问题。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段的“In the research, autonomous vehicles are equipped with robotic eyes that enable them to interact with pedestrians in a more human-like manner. These robotic eyes, powered by advanced AI algorithms, constantly analyze the surrounding environment, especially the position and movement of pedestrians. When the system detects a pedestrian approaching or within the vehicle’s path, the robotic eyes move like human eyes to show that the car has seen them.(在这项研究中，自动驾驶汽车配备了机器人眼睛，使它们能够以更像人类的方式与行人互动。这些机器人眼睛由先进的人工智能算法驱动，不断分析周围环境，特别是行人的位置和运动。当系统检测到行人接近或在车辆路径内时，机器人的眼睛会像人眼一样移动，表明汽车已经看到了他们。) ”可知，机器人眼睛能让行人意识到正在靠近的汽车。故选D。 3. 词义猜测题。根据第五段的“Moreover, the robotic eyes have additional information through different “expressions”. For instance, if a pedestrian is attempting to cross the street without noticing the approaching autonomous vehicle, the robotic eyes might simulate the human blinking gesture — rapidly blink, used to draw attention. If the pedestrian still doesn’t react, the eyes might widen further to strongly remind him to stop or wait.(此外，机器人眼睛通过不同的“表情”获得额外的信息。例如，如果一个行人试图在没有注意到驶来的自动驾驶汽车的情况下过马路，机器人的眼睛可能会……人类眨眼的动作——快速眨眼，用来吸引注意力。如果行人仍然没有反应，眼睛可能会进一步睁大，强烈地提醒他停下来或等待。)”可知，人眼快速眨动是为了吸引行人的注意力，从而提醒他停下来或等待，因此机器人的眼睛会模仿人类快速眨眼的动作来提醒行人，则划线词意为“模仿”。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Additionally, the robotic eye system can work with the car’s voice system to give command such as “Pedestrian Alarm, Vehicle Approaching”, so pedestrians know the car is there without siren warning and what it’s planning to do.(此外，机器人眼系统可以与汽车的语音系统协同工作，发出“行人警报，车辆靠近”等命令，这样行人就可以在没有警报器警告的情况下知道汽车在那里，以及它计划做什么。)”可知，机器人眼睛系统可以与汽车的语音系统协同工作，它可以在不使用警报器的情况下发出语音命令来通知行人车辆存在及其意图。故选C。 B In Gaza, a 15-year-old boy named Hussam Al-Attar has gained recognition for his device that provides electricity to light the tent he shares with his family. Using two fans from a resale market, he created small wind turbines to produce electricity, earning him the nickname “Newton” of Gaza. This comparison involves the English scientist, Isaac Newton, known for his major scientific discoveries in the fields of physics, mathematics and astronomy. “We here are living in darkness and tragedy, and rockets are falling on us, therefore I thought of creating light, and did so,” said Al-Attar. His family are staying in a tent that is partly attached to a house. He was able to climb onto the roof to set up two fans, one above the other. The wind can turn the fans, which produce small amounts of electricity. He then connected the fans to wires and built a charging station. Al-Attar also built switches to control a lighting system made out of wood. He said his first two attempts failed and it took him a while to develop a working system. “I started developing it further, bit by bit, until I was able to extend the wires through the room to the tent that we are living in, so that the tent will have light.” Al-Attar added he was happy to be able to create something to help “ease the suffering” of his family members. He said he is looking forward to the future when conditions can improve in Gaza. “I am very happy that people in this camp call me Gaza’s Newton,” Al-Attar said. He added, “Because I hope to achieve my dream of becoming a scientist like Newton and creating an invention that will benefit not only the people of the Gaza Strip, but the whole world.” 5. Why is Al-Attar called “Newton” of Gaza? A. Because his discoveries affect scientific fields. B. Because his invention is connected with physics. C. Because he becomes scientific about the issues. D. Because he creates a useful device for the tent. 6. What can we infer about Al-Attar from Paragraphs 2 and 3? A. His first attempt at creating the device was successful. B. His device has been adopted for use across that region. C. He put great efforts into developing a functional system. D. He had a professional background in electrical engineering. 7. What motivates Al-Attar to keep going? A. He makes his desires to be a scientist. B. He is eager to give people there hopes. C. He dreams of building a charging station. D. He is ready-to improve his working system. 8. Which is suitable for the title? A. Teenage ‘Newton’ Brings Light to Gaza’s Darkness B. Gaza’s Teenage ‘Newton’ Shines Bright in Science C. ‘Newton’ of Gaza: Al-Attar’s Journey to Success D. Al-Attar: A Young Inventor Making a Difference 【答案】5. D 6. C 7. B 8. A 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了被称为“加沙的小牛顿”的15岁少年发明了为帐篷提供照明的装置，为难民们带来光明与希望。 5. 细节理解题。根据第一段“In Gaza, a 15-year-old boy named Hussam Al-Attar has gained recognition for his device that provides electricity to light the tent he shares with his family. Using two fans from a resale market, he created small wind turbines to produce electricity, earning him the nickname ‘Newton’ of Gaza.(在加沙，一个名叫Hussam Al-Attar的15岁男孩因他的装置获得认可，该装置为他和家人共用的帐篷提供电力。他利用二手市场上的两台风扇，制造了小型风力涡轮机发电，并因此获得了加沙‘牛顿’的绰号)”可知，因为他发明了可以为临时帐篷发电的装置而获得“牛顿”的称号。故选D项。 6. 推理判断题。根据第二段“He was able to climb onto the roof to set up two fans, one above the other. The wind can turn the fans, which produce small amounts of electricity. He then connected the fans to wires and built a charging station. Al-Attar also built switches to control a lighting system made out of wood.(他能够爬到屋顶上安装两个风扇，一个在另一个上面。风可以转动风扇，产生少量的电力。然后，他将风扇连接到电线上，并建造了一个充电站。Al-Attar还制造了开关来控制由木头制成的照明系统)”及第三段“He said his first two attempts failed and it took him a while to develop a working system. ‘I started developing it further, bit by bit, until I was able to extend the wires through the room to the tent that we are living in, so that the tent will have light.’(他说他的前两次尝试都失败了，他花了一段时间才开发出一个可行的系统。‘我开始一点一点地进一步发展，直到我能够将电线穿过房间延伸到我们住的帐篷，这样帐篷就有光了’)”可推测，他在研发制作这个装置过程中投入了大量的努力。故选C项。 7. 推理判断题。根据第二段“We here are living in darkness and tragedy, and rockets are falling on us, therefore I thought of creating light, and did so(我们这里生活在黑暗和悲剧之中，炮火不断向我们飞来，因此我想到创造光明，我也这样做了)”可知，他是想给这些生活在战火中的难民们的苦难生活带来希望，才去用心去做这件事情的。故选B项。 8. 标题判断题。根据第一段“In Gaza, a 15-year-old boy named Hussam Al-Attar has gained recognition for his device that provides electricity to light the tent he shares with his family. Using two fans from a resale market, he created small wind turbines to produce electricity, earning him the nickname ‘Newton’ of Gaza.(在加沙，一个名叫Hussam Al-Attar的15岁男孩因他的装置获得认可，该装置为他和家人共用的帐篷提供电力。他利用二手市场上的两台风扇，制造了小型风力涡轮机发电，并因此获得了加沙‘牛顿’的绰号)”及第二段“We here are living in darkness and tragedy, and rockets are falling on us, therefore I thought of creating light, and did so(我们这里生活在黑暗和悲剧之中，炮火不断向我们飞来，因此我想到创造光明，我也这样做了)”可知，本文主要报道加沙男孩造出了一套涡轮发电装置，为生活在帐篷里的难民带来光明，被人成为“加沙牛顿”。A项内容明确了小男孩的事迹，及获得的“牛顿”称号。故选A项。 II.七选五 A few years ago, the scientists Claudia Townsend at the University of Miami and Suzanne Shu at UCLA Anderson School of Management conducted a simple investigation into how aesthetics (美学) influence our investment decisions. They randomly assigned 255 students to receive an annual corporate report. One of these reports was aesthetically pleasing — 1 . The other report was far less attractive. After leafing through these two reports — both of which contained the exact same factual information — the subjects were asked to estimate the lowest acceptable selling price for shares of the company. 2 . If investors were rational agents, then the look of the report shouldn’t have mattered —they should be responding only to its content. 3 Townsend and Shu found that subjects given the prettier document insisted on an average selling price of $327.01 per share. Those shown less pretty document, meanwhile, concluded that the company’s shares were worth only $162.41. This research suggests that the design of the annual report can significantly influence our sense of value. 4 . In recent years, scientists have also looked at how aesthetics impacts our perceptions of trust. Do we find prettier Web sites more trustworthy? There’s no logical reason why that would be the case, of course, but the human mind is full of illogical peculiarity. So far, the evidence suggests that the look of a site is highly correlated with our ratings of trust, 5 . In a paper, researchers showed that our first impressions of a Web site —they showed subjects screen shots for fifty milliseconds, which is too fast for conscious awareness —shaped our subsequent sense of trustworthiness. A. But it is not true. B. it had high-quality images and a clear layout. C. And this pattern doesn’t apply to other aspects. D. a phenomenon often referred to as “the halo effect”. (光环效应) E. When it comes to user assessments of design, function follow s form. F. While Townsend and Shu looked at paper reports, the same logic applies to Web sites. G. Actually, they are required to value the company based on the information in the annual report 【答案】1. B 2. G 3. A 4. F 5. D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究者发现美学影响我们的投资决策，公司年度报告的外观会影响受试者对公司股价的估计，相同的逻辑也适用于网页。 1. 根据前文“They randomly assigned 255 students to receive an annual corporate report. One of these reports was aesthetically pleasing(他们随机分配了255名学生，让他们听取公司的年度报告。其中一份报告很美观)”和下文“The other report was far less attractive.(另一份报告远没有那么吸引人。)”可知，这份报告很美观，有吸引力，因此推断B项“它有高质量的图像和清晰的布局。”符合语境，解释了有吸引力的原因，故选B。 2. 根据前文“the subjects were asked to estimate the lowest acceptable selling price for shares of the company(受试者被要求估计该公司股票的最低可接受售价)”可知，此处是指对公司股票的估价，所以选项G“实际上，他们被要求根据年报中的信息对公司进行估值。”承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 3. 根据前文“If investors were rational agents, then the look of the report shouldn’t have mattered — they should be responding only to its content.(如果投资者是理性的代理人，那么报告的外观就不重要了——他们应该只对报告的内容做出回应。)”和后文“Townsend and Shu found that subjects given the prettier document insisted on an average selling price of $327.01 per share. Those shown less pretty document, meanwhile, concluded that the company’s shares were worth only $162.41. This research suggests that the design of the annual report can significantly influence our sense of value. (Townsend和Shu发现，给了更漂亮文件的受试者坚持每股327.01美元的平均售价。与此同时，那些显示的文件并不那么漂亮，他们得出的结论是，该公司的股票价值仅为162.41美元。这项研究表明，年度报告的设计可以显著影响我们的价值感。)”可知，此处是指事实并不像前文中提到的那样，所以选项A“但事实并非如此。”切合文意。故选A。 4. 根据后文“In recent years, scientists have also looked at how aesthetics impacts our perceptions of trust. Do we find prettier Web sites more trustworthy?(近年来，科学家还研究了美学如何影响我们的信任感。我们是否发现更漂亮的网站更值得信赖？)”可知，此处是指相同的逻辑也适用于网页，所以选项F“尽管汤森和舒研究的是纸质报告，同样的逻辑也适用于网站。”切合文意。故选F。 5. 根据前文“So far, the evidence suggests that the look of a site is highly correlated with our ratings of trust(到目前为止，有证据表明，网站的外观与我们的信任度高度相关)”和后文“In a paper, researchers showed that our first impressions of a Web site — they showed subjects screen shots for fifty milliseconds, which is too fast for conscious awareness — shaped our subsequent sense of trustworthiness.(在一篇论文中，研究人员表明，我们对网站的第一印象——他们向受试者展示了50毫秒的屏幕截图，这对于有意识的意识来说太快了——塑造了我们随后的可信度。)”可知，到目前为止，有证据表明，网站的外观与我们的信任度高度相关，我们对网站的第一印象塑造了我们随后的可信度。选项D“这一现象通常被称为“光环效应”。”符合语境。故选D。 III.完形填空 Stephen Hawking not only changed the way people thought about science, but he also changed the way people viewed 1 . Diagnosed (诊断) with motor neurone disease in his twenties, many of his scientific discoveries were made while his body was 2 . When Hawking studied at Oxford University, he had a 3 for being lively, humorous and popular. 4 , during his final year at Oxford, he fell over for no particular reason. When noticing his speech (说话的能力) began to be 5 , Hawking sought medical help. It was then that he was diagnosed with the disease. Doctors at the time gave him less than two years to 6 . Luckily, he survived. However, after his diagnosis, his 7 failed quickly. Throughout the 1960s, he required a stick to walk, 8 a wheelchair for many years. It was only by the end of the 1960s that he 9 accepted he would need a full-time mobility aid (助动器). Despite Hawking’s poor health, he made some important scientific 10 . It was in 1974 that he discovered what now is 11 as “Hawking radiation”. Later, in 1988, Hawking published his book A Brief History of Time. It was his 12 — focusing on what was possible rather than impossible — that defined (定义) his public image. His books made science easily 13 for a wider public. Hawking once said, “My advice to other people would be: 14 things your disability doesn’t prevent you from doing well, and don’t 15 the things it interferes (干扰) with. Don’ t be disabled in spirit, as well as physically.” 1. A. nature B. knowledge C. disability D. space 2. A. failing B. recovering C. shaking D. growing 3. A. name B. request C. career D. fantasy 4. A. Hence B. However C. Besides D. Instead 5. A. inaccurate B. boring C. brief D. unclear 6. A. relax B. live C. study D. adopt 7. A. memory B. mind C. sight D. health 8. A. preparing B. refusing C. obtaining D. pushing 9. A. gradually B. formally C. mostly D. apparently 10. A. experiments B. achievements C. conclusions D. researches 11. A. persuaded B. inferred C. known D. predicted 12. A. carefulness B. creativity C. potential D. determination 13. A. visible B. suitable C. understandable D. affordable 14. A. concentrate on B. leave behind C. live off D. believe in 15. A. admit B. share C. forget D. mourn 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. D 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国科学家斯蒂芬 · 霍金身残志坚，通往成功的过程。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬 · 霍金不仅改变了人们对科学的看法，也改变了人们对残疾的看法。A.nature自然；B.knowledge 知识；C.disability残疾；D.space空间。根据下文“Throughout the 1960s, he required stick to walk”可知，此处指改变了人们对“残疾”的看法。故选C项。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在二十多岁时被诊断患有运动神经元疾病，他的许多科学发现都是在他身体衰退的时候取得的。A.failing出故障，衰退；B.recovering恢复；C.shaking摇晃；D.growing生长。根据前文“Diagnosed (诊断) with motor neurone disease ”可知，此处指在他身体“衰退”期间，他完成了很多科学发现。故选A项。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当霍金在牛津大学学习时，他因活泼、幽默和受欢迎而出名。A.name名誉，名声；B.request 要求；C.career职业生涯；D.fantasy幻想。根据下文“ for being lively, humorous and popular”可知，此处指霍金因为活泼、幽默和受欢迎而“出名”。故选A项。 4. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在牛津大学的最后一年，他无缘无故摔倒了。A.Hence因此；B.However 然而；C.Besides而且；D.Instead代替，而不是。根据下文“he fell over for no particular reason”可知，此处和上文为转折关系，指无缘无故他摔倒了。故选B项。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当发现自己的语言开始变得模糊不清时，霍金寻求医疗帮助。A.inaccurate不精确的；B.boring无聊的； C.brief 简洁的；D.unclear 不清楚的。根据下文“Hawking sought medical help”可知，此处指霍金发现自己语言变得“不清楚”时，他开始寻求医疗帮助。故选D项。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的医生说他只能活不到两年了。A.relax放松；B.live生存，活着；C.study学习； D.adopt采纳。根据下文“Luckily, he survived. ”可知，此处指医生说他“活”不到两年。故选B项。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在他被诊断出来之后，他的健康状况很快就恶化了。A.memory记忆；B.mind 思想；C.sight视力；D.health 健康。根据下文“Despite Hawking’s poor health”可知，此处指他的“健康”状况很快就恶化了。故选D项。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：整个20世纪60年代，他一直坚持走路，多年来拒绝坐轮椅。A.preparing准备； B.refusing拒绝； C.obtaining获得； D.pushing推动，促使。根据下文“It was only by the end of the 1960s that he 9 accepted he would need a full-time mobility aid.”可知，此处指他“拒绝”坐轮椅。故选B项。 9. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：直到20世纪60年代末，他才最终接受了他需要一个全时助行器。A.gradually逐渐地； B.formally正式地； C.mostly大多数地； D.apparently明显地。根据上文“ 8 a wheelchair for many years. It was only by the end of the 1960s ”可知，此处指他“逐渐”接受了需要全时助行器的事实。故选A项。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管霍金的健康状况不佳，他还是取得了一些重要的科学成就。A.experiments实验；B.achievements 成就；C.conclusions结论；D.researches研究。根据上文“many of his scientific discoveries were made while his body was 2 ”，可知，此处指他做出了许多重要的科学“成就”。故选B项。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1974年，他发现了现在被知道为“霍金辐射”的物质。A.persuaded 说服；B.inferred推； C.known知道；D. predicted预测。由下文“as ‘Hawking radiation’”可知，这里指被“知道”为“霍金辐射”的物质。故选C项。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是他的决心——专注于可能而非不可能的事情——塑造了他的公众形象。A.carefulness小心，仔细；B.creativity创造性；C.potential 潜能；D.determination决心。根据下文“focusing on what was possible rather than impossible”可知，此处指他的“决心”塑造了他的公众形象。故选D项。 13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的著作使科学更容易被广大公众理解。A.visible看得见的；B.suitable合适的；C.understandable容易理解的；D.affordable支付得起的。根据上文“made science easily”，可知，此处指使科学对公众而言“容易理解”。故选C项。 14. 考查动词词组辨析。句意：霍金曾经说过：“我对其他人的建议是： 专注于你的残疾并不会妨碍你做好的事情，不要为它所干扰的事情而悲伤。”A.concentrate on专心，全神贯注于；B.leave behind 留下，丢弃；C.live off依赖（某人）生活； D.believe in 相信。根据上文“focusing on what was possible rather than impossible”可知，此处指“专注于”你的残疾并不会妨碍你做好的事情。故选A项。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.admit承认；B.share分享；C.forget忘记；D.mourn 忧伤。根据下文“the things it interferes with”以及语境可知，此处指不要为它所干扰的事情而“悲伤”。故选D项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$