语法精讲专题09 定语从句 - 2025届高考英语一轮复习语法精讲精练

语法精讲专题 09 定语从句（原卷版） 定语从句+解题指导+近五年高考真题精练 定语从句精讲 高考近五年考情 考点一 考查定语从句关系代词that, which的用法区别，这是高频考点也是难点。 考点二 考查定语从句关系代词who, whom, whose, as的用法及区别。 考点三 考查定语从句关系副词when, where, why的用法区别。 考点四 考查定语从句主谓一致的用法。 考点五 考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”的用法，尤其是关系代词which和whom的选择。 在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词又分为关系代词和关系副词。 考点一　关系代词引导的定语从句 一、关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 先行词 在从句中所充当的成分 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 which 物 主语、宾语、表语 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人/物 定语 as 物 主语、宾语、表语 I read a report about his new novel that/which will soon be published. 我读了一篇关于他即将出版的新小说的报道。 Do you know the professor that/who will give us a speech next week? 你认识下周要给我们作演讲的教授吗？ Mr. Smith is the person (whom/who/that) I am working with. 史密斯先生是和我一起工作的人。 I like those books whose topics are about history. 我喜欢那些以历史为主题的书。 二、关系代词的用法区别 1.that和which的区别 只用that 的情况 先行词是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little，much，none，few，the one等不定代词时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) 先行词被the only, the very (正是、恰是), the last等修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) 先行词被all, any, few, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时 先行词中既有人也有物时 只用which 的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词前有介词时 The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city. 电视塔是这个城市建的最高的建筑物。 Readers attracts so many audiences, which means that it becomes more and more popular in China. 《读者》吸引了那么多的读者，这意味着它在中国变得越来越受欢迎。 2.which与as引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 which as 位置上 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末 搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember等 意思上 这一点，这件事 正如……，正像……的那样 Football，which is an interesting game, is played all over the world. 全世界都踢足球，这是一项有趣的运动。 As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. 正如报纸上报道的那样，两国之间的谈判正在取得进展。 3.其他关系代词的用法区别 关系代词 先行词 在从句中所充当的成分 who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whose(＝of whom/of which) 人或物 定语 They are the lazy students whose homework wasn’t handed in. 他们是那些没有交作业的懒惰学生。 Actually, he is an honest and reliable person，whom/who you can rely on. 事实上，他是一个诚实可靠的人，你可以依靠他。 考点二　 关系副词引导的定语从句 先行词 关系副词 在从句中所充当的成分 与“介词＋关系代词”的关系 表示时间的名词：time, day, year等。 when 时间状语 ＝at/in/on/during which 表示场所的名词：park, place, country, house等。 where 地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which 表示理由的名词：the reason why 原因状语 ＝for which At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands where artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. 在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。 We will always remember the moment when my classmate Li Chong crossed the finish line. 我们将永远记得我的同学李冲越过终点线的那一刻。 [点拨]　 (1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point, situation, case, stage等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。 (2)先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。 (3)当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，可用that, in which或省略关系词这三种形式。 考点三　“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1.分类 类别 句法功能 示例 介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 状语 He is the person on whom you can depend. 他是你可以信赖的人。 介词＋whose＋名词 状语 He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag. 他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。 名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 主语 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels. 上星期日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。 2.“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定 (1)根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。 In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.(turn to sb for help) 在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。 Physics is the subject in which every student in our school is interested.(be interested in) 物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。 (2)根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。 I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.(during that time) 我永远不会忘记我在乡下度过童年的那段时光。 (3)根据所表达的意思来确定。 The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen. 这种无色的气体就是氧气，离了它我们无法生存。 【重难突破】 1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 分类 用法 定语 从句 限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限制作用 非限制性定语从句 对先行词起补充说明作用。在非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往用逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句相当于并列句、状语从句等 He has two sons，who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.) 他有两个儿子，他们在同一家公司上班。 He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has more than two sons.) 他有两个儿子在同一家公司上班。 He failed in the match，which was a great pity.(非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子) ＝He failed in the match，and it was a great pity. 他在比赛中失败了，这真令人遗憾。 2.定语从句和其他句式的区别 (1)定语从句与并列句 并列句有and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接。并列句中绝对不可再用引导定语从句的关系词。 ①I have three cars，none of is in good condition. ②I have three cars，but none of is in good condition. ①句中cars后面是非限制性定语从句，空格中填关系代词which；②句中有并列连词but，题干是并列句，空格中填代词them。 (2)定语从句与状语从句 a.定语从句修饰、限制先行词，常放在先行词的后面，而状语从句说明动作发生的情况，可以放在主句的前面。 Do you know the time when the meeting was over？(when引导定语从句) When the meeting was over，it was already five o’clock.(when引导时间状语从句) b.when，where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词＋which”的结构来替换，在引导状语从句时则不行。 This is the school where(＝in which) I once worked.(where引导定语从句) Put back the book where it was.(where引导状语从句) c.定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分，因此去掉之后从句成分不完整；而状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。 It is such an interesting book as we all like.(as引导定语从句，作动词like的宾语) It is such an interesting book that we all like it.(that引导结果状语从句，不充当从句的成分) (3)定语从句与同位语从句 a.定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰或限制的作用，与先行词之间有从属关系。 b.同位语从句的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词的具体内容，与前面名词之间是同位关系。 The suggestion that he came up with is practical.(that引导的是定语从句，that代替先行词在从句中充当宾语，可省略) He gave me a suggestion that we should read aloud every morning.(that引导的是同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分，但不可省略) 【解题指导】 【典例1】　The old man turned his business over to his younger son， made his elder son discouraged. 答案　which　 解析：空前句子完整且设空处无提示词；分析句子结构知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，并在从句中作主语。 【典例2】　I will never forget such a beautiful village I spent my childhood with my grandparents. 答案　where　 解析：空前句子完整且设空处无提示词；分析句子结构知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是village，且在从句中作地点状语。 单句语法填空和单项选择（近五年高考真题） 1.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 2.（2024新课标II卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 3.（2024全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 4.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. 5.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 6.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked just perfect. 7.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, _________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 8.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 9.（2023天津3月卷改编）Kenny still remembers the class discussion ________the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up. 10.（2022新课标I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 11.（2022浙江1月卷）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 12.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 13.（2021新课标II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company ___________used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 14.（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ___________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. 15.（2021浙江1月卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ___________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 16.（2021天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. 17.（2021天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from __________we can learn without repeating them. 18.（2020新课标卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum __________ opened in 1759. 19.（2020全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 20.（2020全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist, __________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. 21.（2020天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. 22.（2020江苏卷）If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ___________ everyone. 23.（2020江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from ___________students can choose for free. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 语法精讲专题 09 定语从句（解析版） 定语从句+解题指导+近五年高考真题精练 定语从句精讲 高考近五年考情 考点一 考查定语从句关系代词that, which的用法区别，这是高频考点也是难点。 考点二 考查定语从句关系代词who, whom, whose, as的用法及区别。 考点三 考查定语从句关系副词when, where, why的用法区别。 考点四 考查定语从句主谓一致的用法。 考点五 考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”的用法，尤其是关系代词which和whom的选择。 在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词又分为关系代词和关系副词。 考点一　关系代词引导的定语从句 一、关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 先行词 在从句中所充当的成分 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 which 物 主语、宾语、表语 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人/物 定语 as 物 主语、宾语、表语 I read a report about his new novel that/which will soon be published. 我读了一篇关于他即将出版的新小说的报道。 Do you know the professor that/who will give us a speech next week? 你认识下周要给我们作演讲的教授吗？ Mr. Smith is the person (whom/who/that) I am working with. 史密斯先生是和我一起工作的人。 I like those books whose topics are about history. 我喜欢那些以历史为主题的书。 二、关系代词的用法区别 1.that和which的区别 只用that 的情况 先行词是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little，much，none，few，the one等不定代词时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) 先行词被the only, the very (正是、恰是), the last等修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) 先行词被all, any, few, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时 先行词中既有人也有物时 只用which 的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词前有介词时 The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city. 电视塔是这个城市建的最高的建筑物。 Readers attracts so many audiences, which means that it becomes more and more popular in China. 《读者》吸引了那么多的读者，这意味着它在中国变得越来越受欢迎。 2.which与as引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 which as 位置上 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末 搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember等 意思上 这一点，这件事 正如……，正像……的那样 Football，which is an interesting game, is played all over the world. 全世界都踢足球，这是一项有趣的运动。 As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. 正如报纸上报道的那样，两国之间的谈判正在取得进展。 3.其他关系代词的用法区别 关系代词 先行词 在从句中所充当的成分 who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whose(＝of whom/of which) 人或物 定语 They are the lazy students whose homework wasn’t handed in. 他们是那些没有交作业的懒惰学生。 Actually, he is an honest and reliable person，whom/who you can rely on. 事实上，他是一个诚实可靠的人，你可以依靠他。 考点二　 关系副词引导的定语从句 先行词 关系副词 在从句中所充当的成分 与“介词＋关系代词”的关系 表示时间的名词：time, day, year等。 when 时间状语 ＝at/in/on/during which 表示场所的名词：park, place, country, house等。 where 地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which 表示理由的名词：the reason why 原因状语 ＝for which At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands where artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. 在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。 We will always remember the moment when my classmate Li Chong crossed the finish line. 我们将永远记得我的同学李冲越过终点线的那一刻。 [点拨]　 (1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point, situation, case, stage等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。 (2)先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。 (3)当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，可用that, in which或省略关系词这三种形式。 考点三　“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1.分类 类别 句法功能 示例 介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 状语 He is the person on whom you can depend. 他是你可以信赖的人。 介词＋whose＋名词 状语 He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag. 他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。 名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 主语 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels. 上星期日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。 2.“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定 (1)根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。 In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.(turn to sb for help) 在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。 Physics is the subject in which every student in our school is interested.(be interested in) 物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。 (2)根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。 I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.(during that time) 我永远不会忘记我在乡下度过童年的那段时光。 (3)根据所表达的意思来确定。 The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen. 这种无色的气体就是氧气，离了它我们无法生存。 【重难突破】 1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 分类 用法 定语 从句 限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限制作用 非限制性定语从句 对先行词起补充说明作用。在非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往用逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句相当于并列句、状语从句等 He has two sons，who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.) 他有两个儿子，他们在同一家公司上班。 He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has more than two sons.) 他有两个儿子在同一家公司上班。 He failed in the match，which was a great pity.(非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子) ＝He failed in the match，and it was a great pity. 他在比赛中失败了，这真令人遗憾。 2.定语从句和其他句式的区别 (1)定语从句与并列句 并列句有and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接。并列句中绝对不可再用引导定语从句的关系词。 ①I have three cars，none of is in good condition. ②I have three cars，but none of is in good condition. ①句中cars后面是非限制性定语从句，空格中填关系代词which；②句中有并列连词but，题干是并列句，空格中填代词them。 (2)定语从句与状语从句 a.定语从句修饰、限制先行词，常放在先行词的后面，而状语从句说明动作发生的情况，可以放在主句的前面。 Do you know the time when the meeting was over？(when引导定语从句) When the meeting was over，it was already five o’clock.(when引导时间状语从句) b.when，where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词＋which”的结构来替换，在引导状语从句时则不行。 This is the school where(＝in which) I once worked.(where引导定语从句) Put back the book where it was.(where引导状语从句) c.定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分，因此去掉之后从句成分不完整；而状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。 It is such an interesting book as we all like.(as引导定语从句，作动词like的宾语) It is such an interesting book that we all like it.(that引导结果状语从句，不充当从句的成分) (3)定语从句与同位语从句 a.定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰或限制的作用，与先行词之间有从属关系。 b.同位语从句的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词的具体内容，与前面名词之间是同位关系。 The suggestion that he came up with is practical.(that引导的是定语从句，that代替先行词在从句中充当宾语，可省略) He gave me a suggestion that we should read aloud every morning.(that引导的是同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分，但不可省略) 【解题指导】 【典例1】　The old man turned his business over to his younger son， made his elder son discouraged. 答案　which　 解析：空前句子完整且设空处无提示词；分析句子结构知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，并在从句中作主语。 【典例2】　I will never forget such a beautiful village I spent my childhood with my grandparents. 答案　where　 解析：空前句子完整且设空处无提示词；分析句子结构知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是village，且在从句中作地点状语。 单句语法填空和单项选择（近五年高考真题） 1.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 答案：which/that 解析：考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 2.（2024新课标II卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 答案：who 解析：考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 3.（2024全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 答案：which 解析：考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 4.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. 答案：that/which。 解析：考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 5.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 答案：as 解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 6.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked just perfect. 答案：whose。 解析：考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 7.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, _________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 答案：where 解析：考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 8.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 答案：which/that 解析：考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 9.（2023天津3月卷改编）Kenny still remembers the class discussion ________the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up. 答案：where 解析：考查定语从句。句意：Kenny仍然记得课堂上的讨论，老师要求学生们分享他们长大后想成为什么样的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the class discussion。先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，意为“在课堂讨论中”，是“模糊地点”，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 10.（2022新课标I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 答案：that 解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。 11.（2022浙江1月卷）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 答案：that/who 解析：考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。 12.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 答案：who 解析：考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 13.（2021新课标II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company ___________used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 答案：which或that 解析：考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构，_________ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。 14.（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ___________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. 答案that 解析：考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。 15.（2021浙江1月卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ___________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 答案：that/which 解析：考查定语从句。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语，而先行词tool为物，故此处要填关系代词that或which。 16.（2021天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. 答案：where 解析：考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子成分可知，stands 作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ，从句中不缺主宾表，故选关系副词，先行词stands 在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。 17.（2021天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from __________we can learn without repeating them. 答案：which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：威廉•哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，_________ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。 18.（2020新课标卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum __________ opened in 1759. 答案：which/that 解析：考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 19.（2020全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 答案： where 解析：句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。 20.（2020全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist, __________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. 答案：whose 解析：考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 21.（2020天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. 答案： whose 解析：考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故填whose。 22.（2020江苏卷）If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ___________ everyone. 答案suits 解析：考查定语从句动词时态。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人 解决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是a solution，从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。 23.（2020江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from ___________students can choose for free. 答案：which 解析考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$