内容正文:
专题01 名词,冠词,代词
考点精讲
【名词】
考点1 名词的可数与不可数
可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目,来统计,都成为不可数名词。
不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念,就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词,在英语里却不可数。如:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。
考点2 名词复数的规则变化
A.一般情况下加-s。
B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es
C.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es
D.以f,fe结尾的,去掉f或fe,变成v再加-es
考点3 名词的所有格
A. 单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加’s。
如:the worker's bike,the Children’ s ball
B. 表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后’ s。
如:This is Lucy and Licy’ s room.
These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms.
C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词,只加’。
如:the students’ books,the girls’ blouses
(另外:名词+of+名词名词是有生命的,我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。)
1. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ________ (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
2. ________(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
3. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas,… and often provides money for conservation and benefits the __________(develop) of the local areas.
4. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ________ (human) are.
5. In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ________ (marry) ceremony in 1842.
6. It is calculated by dividing a ________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
7. The far side of the moon is of particular ________ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.
8. Chinese New Year is a __________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
9. Filled with _______ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
10. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _______(believe) that populations are increasing.
【答案】
1. watchtowers。考查名词复数用法。different后接复数名词。
2. Activities。考查名词复数用法。谓语部分range from whale watching to hiking暗示主语应用复数形式。
3. development。考查名词词类转换。定冠词the后接名词,合起来作动词benefits的宾语。
4. humans。考查名词复数用法。本句中we是主语,humans作主语同位语。
5. marriage。考查名词词类转换。形容词性物主代词their后接名词。
6. person’s。考查名词所有格。介乎于静名词所有格作定语,a person’s weight表示“一个人的体重”。
7. interest。考查名词词类转换。of particular interest是固定搭配,表示“对……有特别兴趣”,介词和形容词后接名词。
8. celebration。考查名词词类转换。不定冠词a后接名词。
9. curiosity。考查名词词类转换。介词之后接名词作宾语。
10. belief。考查名词词类转换。不定冠词a后接名词。
【冠词】
考点1 定冠词“the”的用法
a. 与名词连用,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物。如:
Many people come here to visit the temple. 很多人来这里参观这座寺庙。
Please hand me the book on the desk. 请把桌上的书递给我。
b. 用于指说话双方都知道的人或事物。如:
Turn off the lights before leaving. 离开前关掉灯。
Where are the children? They are over there. 孩子们在哪儿?他们在那边。
c. 用于乐器名词前。如:
play the piano 弹钢琴,play the violin 拉小提琴
d. 用于世界上独一无二的事物及表示江、河、湖、海、山脉、群岛的名词前。如:
the sun太阳,the moon月亮,the earth地球,the sky天空
the Yangtze River长江,the Pacific太平洋,the Alps阿尔卑斯山,the Taiwan Straits台湾海峡
e.用于某些名词或形容词前,表示一类人、一个民族、阶级或阶层。如:
the Chinese中国人,the old老人,the rich富人,the poor穷人,the wounded 受伤的人,the college students大学生
f. 用在序数词前表示顺序。如:
the third floor三楼,the first第一
g. 用在形容词、副词的最高级前。如:
the longest river最长的河,the most beautiful campus最美丽的校园
h. 与姓氏的复数形式连用,表示其全家人。如:
The Smiths are coming to dinner.史密斯一家要来吃晚饭。
The Lius live downstairs.刘家住楼下。
i. 用在普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:
the Capital Theatre(首都剧院),the Great Wall(长城)
j. 用于单数可数名词前表示一类人和事物。 如:
The panda is a kind of animal. 熊猫是一种动物。
k.固定词组搭配,如:in the middle of…在......中间,tell the truth说真话
l. “the +比较级,the +比较级”表示越来越。 如:
The more I read the book, the more I like it. 这本书我越看越喜欢。
m. 上文提到的人或物。 如:
This is a book. The book is mine. 这是一本书,这本书是我的。
考点2 不定冠词“a”和“an”的用法
a.用来表示数量“一”,意思同one。如:
I have an English dictionary and two Chinese dictionaries. 我有一本英语词典、两本汉语词典。
b.用来表示“某个”,“任何一个”,“每一”。如:
A student is waiting for you. 一名学生在等你。
He goes back home twice a week. 他每周回家两次。
c.用在单数可数名词前,表示某一类人或事物中的一个。如:
His father is a doctor. 他父亲是医生。
A dog is man’ s good friend. 狗是人类的好朋友。
构成词组或成语。如: a little / a few / a lot of / a kind of / a great many / many a / as a result / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while /have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on/ have a try/ have a rest等。
考点3 零冠词的用法
a.名词前有作定语用的this,that,my,your,some,many,these等时,不用冠词。如:
This is my car. 这是我的车。
He has many books. 他有很多书。
b.表示抽象概括意义时不可数名词和复数名词使用零冠词。如:
Books are my best friends.书是我的好朋友。
Water boils at 100℃.水在摄氏100度沸腾。
c.在称呼语和表示头衔或职务的名词前不用任何冠词。如:
What’s the matter,Uncle? 叔叔,您怎么了?
Professor Wang just came back from the United States. 王教授刚从美国回来。
d.含有day的节日名词前不用任何冠词。如:
New Year’s Day元旦, Women’s Day妇女节,Children’s Day儿童节,Mother’s Day母亲节,Teachers’ Day 教师节,National Day国庆节。
e.球类运动、棋类游戏或表示三餐的名词前不用任何冠词,如:
He likes playing basketball and football. 他喜欢打篮球、踢足球。
We have dinner at 6:00 every day. 我们每天六点吃晚饭。
f.专有名词前不用任何冠词,如:
China 中国,Class One 一班,Grade Three 三年级,Zhengzhou 郑州。
g.表示季节、月份或星期的名词前不用任何冠词,如:
I like swimming in summer. 我夏天喜欢游泳。
She was born on November 29,1978. 她生于1978年11月29日。
We have two English classes on Thursday. 星期四我们有两节英语课。
h. 表示交通工具和学科名称的名词前不加冠词。如:
by car坐汽车 by ship坐船 on foot步行
English英语 French法语 chemistry化学 physics物理
i.固定词组搭配,如:at home在家 go to bed去睡觉 by mistake出错go to school去上学
1.____ recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S. would be higher than the number of English speakers by ____ year 2090.
A. A; the B. A; 不填C. The; 不填 D. The; a
2. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off ______.
A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices
3. -- John, there is________ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you.--I'm in bath.
A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填
4. Tom owns _______larger collection of _______ books than any other student in our class.
A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填 C. a; the D. 不填; the
5. The Wilsons live in _____ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _____ 17th century cottage.
A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a
6. For a long time they walked without saying ______ word. Jim was the first to break _____silence. 【湖南卷】
A. the; a B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填
7. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made ______ discovery which completely changed ______ man’s understanding of colour.
A. a…不填 B. a…the C. 不填…the D. the…a
8.It is ________world of wonders, world where anything can happen.
A.a ;the B.a; a C.the ; a D.不填;不填
9.When you finish reading the book, you will have better understanding of life.
A.a; the B.the; a C.不填; the D.a; 不填
10. When he left college, he got a job as reporter in a newspaper office.
A. 不填;a B. 不填;the C. a; the D. the; the
【答案】
1. A 该题考查冠词的用法。第一空是指最近的一份报告泛指;第二空the year是指2090特指故选A。句意:一份最近的报告陈述在2090年前美国说西班牙语的人数要比说英语的人数要多。
2. C该题考查冠词的用法。此处的price价格是不可数名词特指,故加定冠词the。句意:如果你买十个以上,他们降价20%。
3. A 该题考查冠词的用法。不定冠词a或an用在姓名前或Mr./ Mrs. / Ms. +姓氏,表示“某一个、某位”有不肯定的意味。in the bath意为:在洗澡。句意:约翰,有一个叫威尔逊的先生在电话上找你。”“我在洗澡。”
4. B 该题考查冠词的用法。第一个空用不定冠词加比较级加than any other表示最高级的用法;第二个空是可数名词复数表示类指的用法,不加冠词。句意:汤姆收藏的书在我班最多。
5. D 该题考查冠词的用法。第一空关键是A-shaped的读音, A读字母的名称音,此处是泛指故选an; 第二个空此处还是泛指,选a。句意:威尔逊夫妇住在一处A字形的房子里。该房是一间十七世纪的乡村小别墅。
6. B 该题考查冠词的使用。word当作“简短的话”解时,前面一般用不定冠词,silence在此是特指当时他们之间的沉默。是习惯用语。句意:他们走了很长时间,一句话也没说。吉姆这时首先打破了沉默。
7. A 该题考查冠词的用法。make a discovery为习惯用语,意为:做出发现。man's understanding of colour,名词前面有物主代词故不用冠词。句意:在牛顿研究改良望远镜时,他做出了一个彻底改变人类对颜色理解的发现。
8.B该题是考查冠词的用法。句意:这是一个神奇的世界,一个任何事都可能发生的世界。据题意,得知在这里world是泛指,故选择B.
9.D该题考查冠词的用法。a understanding of意为:对……的理解。Life为不可数名词,泛指不加冠词。句意:你读完这本书时,你对生活将会有更好的理解。
10. A该题考查冠词的用法。leave college为习惯用语不加冠词,意为:大学毕业;reporter为可数名词,泛指职业,故加不定冠词。句意:当他大学毕业时,他在一家报社当了记者。
【代词】
考点1 物主代词
物主代词分为形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)和名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)。形容词性物主代词在句只用作定语;名词性物主代词则不能用作定语,但可以用作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语。如:
This is my room and that’s hers(=her room). 这个是我的房间,那个是她的房间。
That isn’t my car. Mine(=My car)is at home. 那不是我的车,我的车在家里。
考点2 不定代词
▲some与any
some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句、疑问句。如:
She wants some water. 她想喝些水。
She doesn’t want any water. 她不想喝水。
但是,在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用 some 而不用any。如:
Will you lend me some money? 可以借些钱给我吗?
Why don’t you bring some flowers? 为什么不带些花来呢?
▲指两者的不定代词: both(两者都), either(两者中任一的), neither(两者都不的)。如:
We are both from Beijing. 我们两个都来自于北京。
You may use either computer. 两台计算机你可以随便使用其中的一台。
Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard . 他们两人身体都不好,但都努力地工作。
▲all, any, none, every是指三者或三者以上的不定代词。如:
Were they all college students? 他们都是大学生吗?
▲little和a little; few和a few的用法:
little和a little后接不可数名词。few 和a few后接可数名词复数。其中 few 和 little表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义;而a few 和 a little 则表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义。如:
He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。
We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。
▲all, every, each的用法
从强调重点上看:all强调整体地考虑总体,every强调考虑总体中的所有成员(与all很接近),each则强调个体;each 和every 后都接可数名词单数。如:
We all like playing basketball. 我们都喜欢打篮球。
Every worker was there and each did his work. 每个工人都在那儿,各人做各人的工作。
从用法上看:all和each既可单独使用,也可后接名词,还可后接of短语;而every后必须接名词,既不能单独使用也不能后接 of 短语。如:
All of us had a good time in the Summer Palace. 我们在颐和园玩的都很开心。
Each has his advantages and disadvantages. 各人都有其优缺点。
There are many trees on each side of the river. 河流两岸有许多树。
从含义上看,each 指两者或两者以上的“每个”,every指三者或三者以上“每个”,因此指两者时只能用 each。如:There are trees on each side of the road. 路的两边都有树。
▲other, the other, another, others的用法。
若特指两者中的另一个用 the other;指复数时,若泛指用other(后接复数名词)或others(其后不接名词),若特指用the other (后接复数名词)或the others(其后不接名词);Another另一个,再,又。如:
Show me some others. 再拿一些给我看。We should think of others. 我们应该多为别人着想。
Show me another one. 另拿一个给我看。Please give me another five minutes. 请再给我五分钟时间。
Where are the other students? 其他同学在哪里?
▲no one, nobody, none 的用法
no one 与nobody 用法相似,均只用于指人不用于指物,且其后不能接of短语,用作主语时,谓语用单数;而none 既可用于指人也可用于指物,其后通常接of短语,用作主语时,若指不可数名词,谓语只能用单数,若指复数名词,则谓语可用单数(较正式)也可用复数(用于非正式文体)。如:
No one [Nobody] has read it. 没有人读过它。
None of the students has got the ticket. 没有学生有票。
None of the films is [are] worth seeing. 没有一部电影值得看。
考点3 反身代词
反身代词用于指代某人或某物自己。第一人称和第二人称的反身代词由“形容词性物主代词 + self / selves”构成;第三人称反身代词由“人称代词的宾格 + self / selves”构成。见下表:
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself/ herself/ itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
反身代词主要用作宾语(动词宾语和介词宾语)和同位语。
考点4 复合不定代词
复合不定代词主要包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, everything, everybody, everyone,它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。其中something, someone 等和 anything, anyone的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句或疑问句。
复合不定代词使用时应请注意以下几点:
▲受定语修饰时,定语应置于其后。如:
Is there anything important in today’s meeting? 今天的会议有什么重要的事情吗?
Is there anybody important here? 这儿有大人物吗?
▲指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their。如:
If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来,让他等着。
▲anyone, everyone只能指人,不能指物,且其后不接of 短语。若是指物或后接 of 短语,可用 any one of…, every one of…(即分开写)。
【答案】
1. After what seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding—I made ____! From then on, my fear of talking before an audience disappeared.
【解析】固定搭配make it意为“获得成功”,故填it。
2. As you lie in bed, tense the muscles in your feet and then relax _______ (they).
【解析】替代前文的muscles,在句中作宾语,故填them。
3. The students returned to school with a sense of achievement, a feeling that _______ helped people in need.
【解析】因that引导的同位语从句中缺主语,故填they,替代the students。
4.The boy you saw was ______ image. This should teach you an important lesson, my son.
【解析】本句指你看到的那个男孩是你的影子,故填your。
5. Finally I found that she was trying to ask me whether I had an extra pen. She showed me that ______ (her) was out of ink and would not write.
【解析】宾语从句缺主语,故用名词性物主代词hers,指代“她的钢笔”,故填hers。
6.I would appreciate________if you could allow me to relate a personal anecdote.
【解析】考查代词。句意:如果您能允许我讲一件个人轶事,我将不胜感激。分析句子,句中I would appreciate it if...为固定的句型,意为“如果……,我将感激不尽。”故填it。
7. I thought that school in China was too hard for ____ (we) students, and that we didn’t get to do enough fun exercise except running around playgrounds together.
【解析】所填词作介词for的宾语,后面的students是同位语,用来解释说明所填词。根据句意“我认为中国的学校对我们学生(而不是我们的学生)太严格了……”判断要用人称代词的宾格形式,即us。
8. However, before I got on the bike, I felt extremely nervous and I was afraid that I would fall off and hurt ________ (me).
【解析】因hurt myself 表示伤了我自己,故填myself。
9.The frozen parts of the city also make ___ easier for residents to skate around.
【解析】因it 为形式宾语,动词不定式to skate around为真正的宾语,故填it 。
10. Now it occurred to _____ (he) that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
【解析】作介词to的宾语,填代词he的宾格him,故填him。
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专题01 名词,冠词,代词
考点精讲
【名词】
考点1 名词的可数与不可数
可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目,来统计,都成为不可数名词。
不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念,就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词,在英语里却不可数。如:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。
考点2 名词复数的规则变化
A.一般情况下加-s。
B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es
C.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es
D.以f,fe结尾的,去掉f或fe,变成v再加-es
考点3 名词的所有格
A. 单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加’s。
如:the worker's bike,the Children’ s ball
B. 表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后’ s。
如:This is Lucy and Licy’ s room.
These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms.
C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词,只加’。
如:the students’ books,the girls’ blouses
(另外:名词+of+名词名词是有生命的,我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。)
1. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ________ (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
2. ________(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
3. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas,… and often provides money for conservation and benefits the __________(develop) of the local areas.
4. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ________ (human) are.
5. In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ________ (marry) ceremony in 1842.
6. It is calculated by dividing a ________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
7. The far side of the moon is of particular ________ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.
8. Chinese New Year is a __________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
9. Filled with _______ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
10. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _______(believe) that populations are increasing.
【冠词】
考点1 定冠词“the”的用法
a. 与名词连用,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物。如:
Many people come here to visit the temple. 很多人来这里参观这座寺庙。
Please hand me the book on the desk. 请把桌上的书递给我。
b. 用于指说话双方都知道的人或事物。如:
Turn off the lights before leaving. 离开前关掉灯。
Where are the children? They are over there. 孩子们在哪儿?他们在那边。
c. 用于乐器名词前。如:
play the piano 弹钢琴,play the violin 拉小提琴
d. 用于世界上独一无二的事物及表示江、河、湖、海、山脉、群岛的名词前。如:
the sun太阳,the moon月亮,the earth地球,the sky天空
the Yangtze River长江,the Pacific太平洋,the Alps阿尔卑斯山,the Taiwan Straits台湾海峡
e.用于某些名词或形容词前,表示一类人、一个民族、阶级或阶层。如:
the Chinese中国人,the old老人,the rich富人,the poor穷人,the wounded 受伤的人,the college students大学生
f. 用在序数词前表示顺序。如:
the third floor三楼,the first第一
g. 用在形容词、副词的最高级前。如:
the longest river最长的河,the most beautiful campus最美丽的校园
h. 与姓氏的复数形式连用,表示其全家人。如:
The Smiths are coming to dinner.史密斯一家要来吃晚饭。
The Lius live downstairs.刘家住楼下。
i. 用在普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:
the Capital Theatre(首都剧院),the Great Wall(长城)
j. 用于单数可数名词前表示一类人和事物。 如:
The panda is a kind of animal. 熊猫是一种动物。
k.固定词组搭配,如:in the middle of…在......中间,tell the truth说真话
l. “the +比较级,the +比较级”表示越来越。 如:
The more I read the book, the more I like it. 这本书我越看越喜欢。
m. 上文提到的人或物。 如:
This is a book. The book is mine. 这是一本书,这本书是我的。
考点2 不定冠词“a”和“an”的用法
a.用来表示数量“一”,意思同one。如:
I have an English dictionary and two Chinese dictionaries. 我有一本英语词典、两本汉语词典。
b.用来表示“某个”,“任何一个”,“每一”。如:
A student is waiting for you. 一名学生在等你。
He goes back home twice a week. 他每周回家两次。
c.用在单数可数名词前,表示某一类人或事物中的一个。如:
His father is a doctor. 他父亲是医生。
A dog is man’ s good friend. 狗是人类的好朋友。
构成词组或成语。如: a little / a few / a lot of / a kind of / a great many / many a / as a result / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while /have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on/ have a try/ have a rest等。
考点3 零冠词的用法
a.名词前有作定语用的this,that,my,your,some,many,these等时,不用冠词。如:
This is my car. 这是我的车。
He has many books. 他有很多书。
b.表示抽象概括意义时不可数名词和复数名词使用零冠词。如:
Books are my best friends.书是我的好朋友。
Water boils at 100℃.水在摄氏100度沸腾。
c.在称呼语和表示头衔或职务的名词前不用任何冠词。如:
What’s the matter,Uncle? 叔叔,您怎么了?
Professor Wang just came back from the United States. 王教授刚从美国回来。
d.含有day的节日名词前不用任何冠词。如:
New Year’s Day元旦, Women’s Day妇女节,Children’s Day儿童节,Mother’s Day母亲节,Teachers’ Day 教师节,National Day国庆节。
e.球类运动、棋类游戏或表示三餐的名词前不用任何冠词,如:
He likes playing basketball and football. 他喜欢打篮球、踢足球。
We have dinner at 6:00 every day. 我们每天六点吃晚饭。
f.专有名词前不用任何冠词,如:
China 中国,Class One 一班,Grade Three 三年级,Zhengzhou 郑州。
g.表示季节、月份或星期的名词前不用任何冠词,如:
I like swimming in summer. 我夏天喜欢游泳。
She was born on November 29,1978. 她生于1978年11月29日。
We have two English classes on Thursday. 星期四我们有两节英语课。
h. 表示交通工具和学科名称的名词前不加冠词。如:
by car坐汽车 by ship坐船 on foot步行
English英语 French法语 chemistry化学 physics物理
i.固定词组搭配,如:at home在家 go to bed去睡觉 by mistake出错go to school去上学
1.____ recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S. would be higher than the number of English speakers by ____ year 2090.
A. A; the B. A; 不填C. The; 不填 D. The; a
2. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off ______.
A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices
3. -- John, there is________ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you.--I'm in bath.
A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填
4. Tom owns _______larger collection of _______ books than any other student in our class.
A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填 C. a; the D. 不填; the
5. The Wilsons live in _____ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _____ 17th century cottage.
A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a
6. For a long time they walked without saying ______ word. Jim was the first to break _____silence. 【湖南卷】
A. the; a B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填
7. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made ______ discovery which completely changed ______ man’s understanding of colour.
A. a…不填 B. a…the C. 不填…the D. the…a
8.It is ________world of wonders, world where anything can happen.
A.a ;the B.a; a C.the ; a D.不填;不填
9.When you finish reading the book, you will have better understanding of life.
A.a; the B.the; a C.不填; the D.a; 不填
10. When he left college, he got a job as reporter in a newspaper office.
A. 不填;a B. 不填;the C. a; the D. the; the
【代词】
考点1 物主代词
物主代词分为形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)和名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)。形容词性物主代词在句只用作定语;名词性物主代词则不能用作定语,但可以用作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语。如:
This is my room and that’s hers(=her room). 这个是我的房间,那个是她的房间。
That isn’t my car. Mine(=My car)is at home. 那不是我的车,我的车在家里。
考点2 不定代词
▲some与any
some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句、疑问句。如:
She wants some water. 她想喝些水。
She doesn’t want any water. 她不想喝水。
但是,在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用 some 而不用any。如:
Will you lend me some money? 可以借些钱给我吗?
Why don’t you bring some flowers? 为什么不带些花来呢?
▲指两者的不定代词: both(两者都), either(两者中任一的), neither(两者都不的)。如:
We are both from Beijing. 我们两个都来自于北京。
You may use either computer. 两台计算机你可以随便使用其中的一台。
Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard . 他们两人身体都不好,但都努力地工作。
▲all, any, none, every是指三者或三者以上的不定代词。如:
Were they all college students? 他们都是大学生吗?
▲little和a little; few和a few的用法:
little和a little后接不可数名词。few 和a few后接可数名词复数。其中 few 和 little表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义;而a few 和 a little 则表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义。如:
He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。
We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。
▲all, every, each的用法
从强调重点上看:all强调整体地考虑总体,every强调考虑总体中的所有成员(与all很接近),each则强调个体;each 和every 后都接可数名词单数。如:
We all like playing basketball. 我们都喜欢打篮球。
Every worker was there and each did his work. 每个工人都在那儿,各人做各人的工作。
从用法上看:all和each既可单独使用,也可后接名词,还可后接of短语;而every后必须接名词,既不能单独使用也不能后接 of 短语。如:
All of us had a good time in the Summer Palace. 我们在颐和园玩的都很开心。
Each has his advantages and disadvantages. 各人都有其优缺点。
There are many trees on each side of the river. 河流两岸有许多树。
从含义上看,each 指两者或两者以上的“每个”,every指三者或三者以上“每个”,因此指两者时只能用 each。如:There are trees on each side of the road. 路的两边都有树。
▲other, the other, another, others的用法。
若特指两者中的另一个用 the other;指复数时,若泛指用other(后接复数名词)或others(其后不接名词),若特指用the other (后接复数名词)或the others(其后不接名词);Another另一个,再,又。如:
Show me some others. 再拿一些给我看。We should think of others. 我们应该多为别人着想。
Show me another one. 另拿一个给我看。Please give me another five minutes. 请再给我五分钟时间。
Where are the other students? 其他同学在哪里?
▲no one, nobody, none 的用法
no one 与nobody 用法相似,均只用于指人不用于指物,且其后不能接of短语,用作主语时,谓语用单数;而none 既可用于指人也可用于指物,其后通常接of短语,用作主语时,若指不可数名词,谓语只能用单数,若指复数名词,则谓语可用单数(较正式)也可用复数(用于非正式文体)。如:
No one [Nobody] has read it. 没有人读过它。
None of the students has got the ticket. 没有学生有票。
None of the films is [are] worth seeing. 没有一部电影值得看。
考点3 反身代词
反身代词用于指代某人或某物自己。第一人称和第二人称的反身代词由“形容词性物主代词 + self / selves”构成;第三人称反身代词由“人称代词的宾格 + self / selves”构成。见下表:
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself/ herself/ itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
反身代词主要用作宾语(动词宾语和介词宾语)和同位语。
考点4 复合不定代词
复合不定代词主要包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, everything, everybody, everyone,它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。其中something, someone 等和 anything, anyone的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句或疑问句。
复合不定代词使用时应请注意以下几点:
▲受定语修饰时,定语应置于其后。如:
Is there anything important in today’s meeting? 今天的会议有什么重要的事情吗?
Is there anybody important here? 这儿有大人物吗?
▲指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their。如:
If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来,让他等着。
▲anyone, everyone只能指人,不能指物,且其后不接of 短语。若是指物或后接 of 短语,可用 any one of…, every one of…(即分开写)。
1. After what seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding—I made ____! From then on, my fear of talking before an audience disappeared.
2. As you lie in bed, tense the muscles in your feet and then relax _______ (they).
3. The students returned to school with a sense of achievement, a feeling that _______ helped people in need.
4.The boy you saw was ______ image. This should teach you an important lesson, my son.
5. Finally I found that she was trying to ask me whether I had an extra pen. She showed me that ______ (her) was out of ink and would not write.
6.I would appreciate________if you could allow me to relate a personal anecdote.
7. I thought that school in China was too hard for ____ (we) students, and that we didn’t get to do enough fun exercise except running around playgrounds together.
8. However, before I got on the bike, I felt extremely nervous and I was afraid that I would fall off and hurt ________ (me).
9.The frozen parts of the city also make ___ easier for residents to skate around.
10. Now it occurred to _____ (he) that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
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