Unit 6 Lesson 2 Addicted To Disraction(课件)-2023-2024学年剑桥少儿英语三级下册

Addicted To Distraction Reading Explorer 3-6B @PDD 小牛教辅 Before You Read I spend about: 30 minutes reading articles; two hours chatting with friends; one hour posting on social media; two hours watching videos; three hours playing video games. Before You Read Some positive effects of using digital technology are that you don't need to be stuck in an office all day because you can work from home or when you're out and about; you can always get in touch with people. Some negative effects are that you're always "connected" and so it's more difficult to take a break from work; you can easily become addicted to your device. Addicted To Distraction David Strayer never texts or talks on a phone when he is driving. Strayer is a cognitive psychologist at the University of Utah who specializes in attention. His research shows that, when driving, using a phone can be as dangerous as drinking alcohol. psychologist n.心理学家 A cognitive psychologist studies the mind and how we learn and remember information. alcohol n.酒精 Addicted To Distraction Strayer and other scientists warn against multitasking. When we do many things at the same time, Strayer says, our brain becomes tired easily. We make mistakes and lose focus. Yet multitasking is increasingly common, especially on a phone or computer. Dr. Gloria Mark, a digital media researcher, has found that people in the United States switch tasks on their computers 566 times a day. This type of multitasking is especially common among teenagers. On average, a teenager spends between 7 and 11 hours a day in front of a screen - doing homework, texting, watching videos - often all at the same time. focus v. 聚焦 ; 集中 ; switch v.转换 ; 交换 ; On average 平均而言 Addicted To Distraction Phones, tablets, and laptops are all useful tools, and we may feel more productive when we use them. However, when we spend hours on digital devices - constantly switching between activities - our overall productivity decreases. Why? Many digital activities require high levels of concentration. When we text or email someone, for example, or even play games, we have to focus. When we do this, our brain uses energy. When we multitask - which is hard for the brain to do- we use even more energy. Excessive multitasking reduces our ability to think clearly and creatively, and to remember information. This, in turn, can result in stress. What is the best cure for our overstressed minds? David Strayer says the answer is simple: Spend some time in nature. constantly adv. 不断地 ; 一直 ; 始终 concentration n.浓度 ; 集中 ; 专注 ; 聚集 ; 关注 ; Excessive adj.过度的 ; 过分的 in turn 结果 ; 转而 Directed Attention We need to concentrate to solve problems and complete tasks. Focusing our attention requires mental energy. When we multitask, we use a lot of energy. This effort can cause mental fatigue and stress. Addicted To Distraction A Natural Remedy Strayer and other scientists are studying nature's effect on our brains and bodies. When we are in natural environments, the prefrontal cortex (the brain's control center) relaxes. Studies show that when people can see trees and grass, they are calmer and do better in school. Indeed, people even relax when they look at photos of nature. Consequently, they do better on different cognitive tasks. calmer adj.镇静的 ; 风平浪静的 ; 沉着的 ; 无风的 ; calm的比较级 Consequently adv.因此 ; 所以 cognitive adj.认知的 ; 认识的 Addicted To Distraction Other psychologists are also studying "nature therapy." In a study at Chiba University in Japan, 84 subjects went for a 15-minute walk in seven different forests. The same number of people walked around different city centers. Researchers then took blood from each person. The forest walkers had a 16 percent decrease in the stress hormone cortisol. In addition, they had a 2 percent drop in blood pressure and a 4 percent drop in heart rate. All did better than the city walkers. Lead researcher Yoshifumi Miyazaki has an explanation for these results. Our bodies relax in pleasant, natural surroundings, he says. Humans evolved in that environment, not in places with tall buildings and lots of traffic. therapy n.治疗 ; 疗法 hormone n.激素 ; 荷尔蒙 A hormone is a chemical substance produced in the body that controls the activity of certain cells or organs. surroundings 环境;周围的环境 Relaxed Attention When we spend time in a peaceful, natural environment, we don't have to concentrate on anything specific. This mental break allows the brain to relax,improves short-term memory, and can increase creativity almost 50 percent. Addicted To Distraction Psychologist Stephen Kaplan and his colleagues have done similar research. In one study, people took a 50-minute walk in a public garden. In a test conducted afterwards, their short-term memory improved. When the same people walked on a city street, it did not. Kaplan says it is the visual details in nature- sunsets, streams, butterfies- that reduce stress and mental fatigue. We enjoy them without having to concentrate on them. This allows our brains to rest and recover from the stresses of modern life. "Imagine a therapy that was readily available, and could improve your cognitive functioning at zero cost," Kaplan says.“It exists: it's called interacting with nature." visual adj.视觉的; 视力的 mental fatigue 精神疲劳 Post -Reading Reading Comprehension Reading Comprehension Reading Comprehension Reading Comprehension Chiba University 15 city centers blood forests 16 (stress) hormone blood pressure relaxes evolved Reading Skill Reading Skill moreover yet likewise above all therefore in short Reading Skill Indeed Consequently In addition Reading Skill Someone who lives in the city could go to a quiet building such as a library and read a book to relax. Or they could go to a coffee shop with friends. A fitness app could be used to help reduce stress by helping motivate people to exercise. Vocabulary Practice Vocabulary Practice concentration consequently constant surroundings switch therapy concentration Consequently surroundings therapies Vocabulary Practice in turn excessive visual switch focus constantly Vocabulary Practice vision revise invisible visualize VIDEO Before You Watch Before You Watch I usually drink two cups of coffee a day and eat chocolate once every three days. I sometimes have a cup of tea or cola but never have energy drinks. VIDEO While You Watch While You Watch C B A D While You Watch Some pros of gathering in coffee and tea shops is that people can socialize and communicate about current events. They also contribute to the local economy by keeping the shop owners in business. Some cons might be that they drink too much caffeine and may spend too much time away from their families. Students may not devote enough time to studying. null, track 1 2019 274356.9 $$