语法专题 专题08 动词-【精彩三年】2024年中考英语语法专题配套PPT

语法专题 专题八 动词 目录 CONTENTS 在语境中体悟语法 在系统中梳理语法 01 02 03 在自测中提升语法 在语境中体悟语法 01 在语境中体悟语法 阅读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑动词的用法。 Kendall Johnson spends a lot of time playing in the dirt(泥土). She has a huge garden that produces over 100 pounds of food each year! But for this seven­-year­-old kid, gardening isn't just about fruits and vegetables. It's about people. “My favorite thing about growing food is doing it with my family and friends，” she says. Kendall began gardening at the age of three, when her grandmother gave her some green stems(茎). “Grandma told me not to__throw them 在语境中体悟语法 away, because if we put them in the ground, they will__grow back，” she says. She tried it and was amazed when the stems grew new leaves. When she was six, she became the youngest certified(有资质的) farmer in Georgia, the USA.Today, her garden has__grown larger, including sixty plant beds and twelve trees! Kendall says, “When the vegetables and fruits are ready, I pick them. I do a food sale so other kids and families can__have some.” People who don't__have enough food are invited to__take what they need. 在语境中体悟语法 [用法体悟] 1．动词的基本形式有：现在式(动词________和动词_________________形式)、过去式和过去分词(有________变化和___________变化)、现在分词(动词_______形式)。 2．情态动词具有以下特点：(1)有一定词义；(2)不受主语人称和数的变化影响；(3)与动词________一起构成谓语，不能单独充当谓语。 原形 第三人称单数 规则 不规则 ing 原形 在语境中体悟语法 3．非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。 (1)不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语等。另外不定式常和疑问词连用，构成“_________________”结构，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 (2)动名词一般由“动词原形＋­ing”构成，可以作主语、宾语等。有一些词后面常跟动名词作_______：完成实践值得忙(finish，practice，be worth, be busy)，继续习惯别放弃(keep on, be used to, give up)，考虑建 疑问词＋不定式 宾语 在语境中体悟语法 议不禁想(consider, suggest, can't help, feel like)，喜欢思念要介意(enjoy, miss, mind)。 (3)现在分词的基本形式是“动词原形＋­ing”，可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。 (4)过去分词的基本形式是“动词原形＋­ed”，但也有不规则的形式。 在系统中梳理语法 02 在系统中梳理语法 在系统中梳理语法 一、动词的基本形式 1．动词的第三人称单数变化 在系统中梳理语法 2．动词­ing形式的构成 在系统中梳理语法 3．动词的过去式及过去分词的构成 在系统中梳理语法 二、动词的种类 动词主要有实义动词(行为动词)、系动词、助动词和情态动词。 1．实义动词(行为动词) (1)He always studies hard.(study后无宾语，在此为不及物动词) 他一直努力学习。 (2)I bought some books yesterday.(buy后有宾语books，为及物动词) 我昨天买了一些书。 在系统中梳理语法 解读：实义动词根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词后要跟宾语，不及物动词后不跟宾语。 注意： (1)She sings very well.(sing在此作不及物动词) 她唱得很好。 (2)She sang an English song just now.(sing在此作及物动词) 她刚才唱了一首英文歌。 解读：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。 在系统中梳理语法 2．系动词 系动词后面可以接形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、动名词、动词不定式等，但最常考查的是：系动词＋形容词。 在系统中梳理语法 She looked a little tired．她看起来有点疲倦。 This skirt feels__soft．这条裙子摸起来很柔软。 Hearing the news, he seemed very sad． 听到这个消息，他似乎很难过。 在系统中梳理语法 3．助动词 助动词无词义，不可单独作谓语，如do/does/did，have/has/had等。 4．情态动词 情态动词表示说话人的语气或情态，具有一定的感情色彩，不可单独作谓语，一般没有人称和数的变化。 (1)can，could的用法 ①can表示具有某种能力，意为“能；会”，与be able to的意义基本相同。 在系统中梳理语法 ②can表示可能性，意为“可能”。can't意为“不可能”。 ③can表示许可，意为“可以”。 ④could是can的过去式，也可以用在一般现在时中表达委婉的语气。 [自测]写出下列句子中can或could的汉语意思。 ①Can he still be alive after all this time？_______ ②Could I use your phone, Dad？________ ③Dave could ride a horse when he was three. _____________ 可能 可以 能，会 在系统中梳理语法 ④You can keep this book for two weeks. _________ (2)may，might 的用法 ①may表示可能性，意为“可能”。 ②may表示许可，意为“可以”，常用于请求对方的许可。其否定答语通常用mustn't或can't，因为may not意为“可能不”。 ③might是may的过去式，也可以用在一般现在时中表达委婉的语气。 可以 在系统中梳理语法 [自测]写出下列句子中may或might的汉语意思。 ①If you are not careful, a car may hit you. ________ ②May I borrow your bike？_______ ③The bag might be Carla's. She was here just now. ________ (3)must，have to 的用法 ①must用来表示说话人的主观意愿，意为“必须；应当”，表示说话人主观认为“应该；必须”，它无人称、数和时态的变化。其否定答语通常用 可能 可以 可能 在系统中梳理语法 needn't或don't have to, 意为“不必”。而mustn't表示的是禁止，意为“不准；一定不要”。 ②have to常常用来强调一些外在的因素导致的结果，意为“不得不”，它有人称、数和时态的变化。 ③must表示推测，意为“肯定；一定”，通常只用于肯定句。 (4)will, would的用法 ①will用于将来时，意为“将；会”，其否定形式为won't。 在系统中梳理语法 ②will表示意愿，意为“愿意；肯；会”。 ③will用于第二人称前构成问句，表示请求。 ④would是will的过去式，也可以用在一般现在时中表达委婉的请求、愿望或看法等。 [自测]写出下列句子中will或would的汉语意思。 ①I will help you if I have time. _________ ②Mom will be home at 6：00 p．m. ____________ 愿意 将，会 在系统中梳理语法 ③Would you help me with the report? ___________ (5)shall，should的用法 ①Shall we meet at the school gate tomorrow morning? 明天早上我们在学校门口见面好吗？ 解读：shall作情态动词，常用于一般疑问句，与第一人称连用，表示征求意见或看法。 ②We should be strict in all our work. 表请求 在系统中梳理语法 我们对所有的工作都应该严格要求。 解读：should用作情态动词，表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”。此时，不可看作shall的过去式。 (6)need的用法 —Need I finish the work today? 我需要今天完成这项工作吗？ —Yes, you must．/ No, you needn't． 在系统中梳理语法 是的，你必须完成。/不，你不必。 解读：need作情态动词，意为“需要”，主要用于一般疑问句和否定句。其肯定回答用must, 否定回答用needn't。 注意： —Does he need to wash his hands？他需要洗手吗？ —Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.是的，他需要。/不，他不需要。 解读：need作及物动词时，其后的宾语可以是名词、动词不定式、动名词、代词。need与其他行为动词一样，有人称和数的变化。 在自测中提升语法 03 在自测中提升语法 Ⅰ. 根据句意及所给汉语提示填空。 1．A true friend always _______________(支持) you whenever you are in trouble. 2．He is ______________(思考) about how to spend his lucky money during the winter vacation. 3．After a long day, Tom _______(躺) down on the bed and went to sleep. 4．—Who is _______________(敲) at the door? —Maybe it's the postman. supports thinking lay knocking 在自测中提升语法 5．I'm really tired. I haven't _________(睡觉) for two days. 6．While we were __________________(吃) breakfast, Claudia went upstairs to collect her things. 7．When a person ________(游览) a foreign country, it is important to know how to ask for help politely. 8. While I was watching TV，the doorbell ________(响). 9．My deskmate _____________(赶上) the school bus this morning, but I missed it and was late for school. 10．Tea is _______________(生产) in many different areas in China. slept having/eating visits rang caught produced 在自测中提升语法 Ⅱ.从方框中选择单词并用其适当形式完成句子，每词限用一次。 different, shall, need, can, will, must, may 1．You ____________ be in such a hurry. They won't arrive until tomorrow evening. 2．As a teenager, I __________ be allowed to choose my own clothes. 3．We ____________ take phones to school, or the teacher will take them away. 4．I ___________ like to have a talk with Mr. Miller this afternoon. needn't should mustn't would 在自测中提升语法 5．That ________ be Daisy. She's gone to Beijing for a meeting. 6．You ________ use the computer for an hour as I'm going out for a walk. 7．You look ______________ in this new dress. can't may different 在自测中提升语法 Ⅲ.语法填空。 Last week, my grandpa 1._________(come) to visit us in Canada. But he was very disappointed when he found nobody here 2._______(can) play chess with him. One day, when I came back from school, I found my grandpa sitting in a chair, without doing anything. I knew he was lonely. “Why not teach him to play online chess on my computer？” I thought. “Grandpa, someone is waiting 3.______ you to play chess，” I went came could for 在自测中提升语法 to him and said. “Really？” he said, his eyes opening wide. “Who? And where？” I took him to 4.______computer in my room and said, “Right here.” Then I taught him how to use the Internet and how 5.____________(play) chess online. At first, he was slow. Having tried several times, he became better and began to play chess with people from around the world. “6.__________interesting it is! This is simply fantastic！” he cried excitedly. the to play How 在自测中提升语法 Now he is quite good at playing chess online and has made a lot of 7.____________(friend) on the Internet at the same time. My grandfather is much 8.____________ (happy) than before. Grandpa 9.___________(go) back home soon. I believe the time when we played online chess together was so great 10._______ both of us will never forget. friends happier will go that 感谢聆听，再见！ $$