语法专题 专题05 形容词和副词-【精彩三年】2024年中考英语语法专题配套PPT

语法专题 专题五 形容词和副词 目录 CONTENTS 在语境中体悟语法 在系统中梳理语法 01 02 03 在自测中提升语法 在语境中体悟语法 01 在语境中体悟语法 阅读下列短文，体会、领悟加黑形容词和加黑副词的用法。 1．[2023·丽水中考改编] We usually wear socks to keep our feet warm①. But socks can have a message，too! Who says your socks must match？We celebrated Mismatched Socks Day at school last week. On Monday morning，everyone wore different②socks on each foot and met at the school gate. It was a lot of fun, but why did we do it? The idea of Mismatched Socks Day is that it's not bad③to be special and unique. Kids can be proud of their differences. It takes place on the first day of Anti­Bullying Week each year. 4 在语境中体悟语法 [用法体悟] 形容词作定语，如 ______；作表语，如______；作宾语补足语，如 ______。 ② ③ ① 在语境中体悟语法 2．[2023·金华中考改编]“No one knows she is your sister. It is fine; you do not need to tell anyone，” I remember telling myself the exact words as I sat in the hall, waiting for the performance to start.Finally①， my sister started to sing. She opened her mouth, and I was shocked again—her voice was so beautiful in its power. I felt really②sorry—she could sing so beautifully③！ How could I have doubted her abilities? I had been so wrong. 在语境中体悟语法 [用法体悟] 副词可以修饰动词、形容词、副词、句子等，修饰动词，如______；修饰形容词，如______；修饰句子，如 ______。 ③ ② ① 在系统中梳理语法 02 在系统中梳理语法 在系统中梳理语法 形容词 一、形容词的概念和作用 概念 修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词叫作形容词 作用   作定语 You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden. 作表语 Your coat is too small． 作宾语 补足语 The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy． 在系统中梳理语法 二、形容词的用法 用法 例句 1.有些形容词只能作表语，如alone, afraid, asleep等 He is asleep. 2.形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时，要放在这些词的后面 You'd better tell us something interesting．   3.多个形容词作定语时排列的先后顺序是：(1)冠词或人称代词；(2)数词；(3)描述性形容词；(4)大小；(5)形状；(6)表示老少、新旧；(7)颜色；(8)事务、质地、国籍、用途 ①His grandpa still lives in this small__old house. ②The woman bought two__beautiful__Chinese plates. 在系统中梳理语法 4.形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich/poor, good/bad，young/old, healthy/ill, living/dead, black/white(表示人种)等 ①The__young should take good care of the__old． ②The__rich never help the__poor in this country. 5.形容词短语作定语时要后置 ①They are the students easy__to__teach． ②We live in a house much larger than yours. 6.else要放在疑问代词或复合不定代词之后 ①What else do you want me to do to help you? ②Did you see anybody else？ 7.常用句型： ①主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式 ②It be＋形容词(＋for/of sb.) to do sth. ①It is important to learn English well. ②It's nice of him to help me out. 在系统中梳理语法 副词 一、副词的概念、作用及形容词变副词的规则 概念及作用 副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等 形容词变副词的规则 一般情况加­ly close→closely 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，将y改为i，然后加­ly busy→busily 以­le结尾，去掉e加­y simple→simply 部分以e结尾的形容词，去e加­ly true→truly 在系统中梳理语法 二、副词的用法和位置关系 用法 例句 1.用在形容词或其他副词前 ①I know him quite well. ②She is quite interested in English. 2.修饰动词，表示时间、地点、方式、频率等 ①He went into the room quietly． ②They often go skating in winter. 3.修饰整个句子 Luckily,__they won the game. 4.用在名词后作定语 ①Look at the trees there. ②The young people here all like football. 5.作宾语补足语 I saw her out with her parents. 位置关系 例句 1.副词修饰动词时，一般放在动词的后面；若是修饰及物动词，则放在宾语之后 Tom does his homework carefully. 在系统中梳理语法 2.频度副词often, always, usually, never以及just, really, suddenly, still等通常放在实义动词之前，情态动词、助动词或be动词之后 ①They always get up very early. ②Li Ping is often late for school. 3.副词修饰形容词或其他副词时，通常放在被修饰词之前。但enough除外，副词enough通常放在被修饰词之后 ① This problem is too difficult. ② My brother isn't old enough to go to school. 在系统中梳理语法 位置关系 例句 4.如果一个句子里同时出现表示时间、地点的副词作状语，通常是先地点、后时间 I was born in__Wuhan in__1976. 5.当多个时间副词连用时，一般把较具体的时间放在前面，较笼统的时间放在后面 My uncle will leave for Shanghai at__7__o'clock__in__the__morning____tomorrow. 6.为了强调动作发生的时间，有些副词可置于句首，如once, yesterday, tomorrow, soon, now, usually等 Yesterday we all went to the park. 7.有少数副词在句中的位置非常灵活，常放在与它关系最密切的词前，如only, even等 ①He can only read. He can't write. ②Only I have been there. They haven't been there. 在系统中梳理语法 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 一、形容词比较等级的规则变化 形容词比较等级的规则变化 情况 变化规则 例词 原级 比较级 最高级 一般情况 比较级在词尾加­er；最高级在词尾加­est tall clean few taller cleaner fewer tallest cleanest fewest 以e结尾的单音节词 比较级在词尾加­r；最高级在词尾加­st late large later larger latest largest 在系统中梳理语法 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词 比较级先双写词尾这个辅音字母，再加­er；最高级先双写词尾这个辅音字母，再加­est big fat thin sad hot red wet bigger fatter thinner sadder hotter redder wetter biggest fattest thinnest saddest hottest reddest wettest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词 比较级改y为i，加­er；最高级改y为i，加­est easy happy easier happier easiest happiest 其他双音节词和多音节词 比较级在词前加more；最高级在词前加most useful expensive more useful more expensive most useful most expensive 在系统中梳理语法 二、常见形容词比较等级的不规则变化 常见形容词比较等级的不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill worse worst far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 注意：(1)far的比较级farther表示“更远的”，further则表示“更进一步的”。例如： ①Can you go any farther? 你还走得动吗(你还能走更远吗)? ②Can you give me further help? 你能给我进一步的帮助吗？ (2)elder和eldest表示兄弟、姐妹之间的长幼关系。例如： ①Dick is Nick's elder brother. Dick is thirty minutes older than Nick. They are twins. 迪克是尼克的哥哥。迪克比尼克大30分钟。他俩是双胞胎。 ②Liz is the eldest sister in her family. 莉兹是她家姐妹中最大的。 在系统中梳理语法 三、形容词比较等级常用句型 等级 句型 例句 原级 as＋原级＋as，意为“……和……一样” I think this book is as__interesting__as that one. not＋as/so＋原级＋as，意为“……不如……” It's not__as/so__hot today as it was yesterday. less＋原级＋than，意为“……不 如……”；more＋原级＋than，意为“比……更……”(两者一般可以转换) This story is less__interesting__than that one.＝That story is more__interesting__than this one. 在系统中梳理语法 比较级 比较级＋than，意为“一者比另一者……” Your T­shirt is nicer__than his. the＋比较级，the＋比较级，意为“越……越……” The__busier we are, the__happier we will be. 比较级＋and＋比较级，意为“越来越……” Our country is getting stronger__and__stronger. the＋比较级＋of the two．..，意为“两者中较为……的一个” Jack is the__younger__of__the__two boys. 倍数＋比较级＋than，意为“是……多少倍……” This room is three__times__bigger__than that one. 比较级＋than＋any other＋单数可数名词/比较级＋than＋the other＋复数可数名词，意为“比其他任何一个都……” He is taller__than__any__other boy in his class.＝He is taller__than__the__other__boys in his class. 在系统中梳理语法 最高级 the＋形容词最高级＋名词＋in/of短语 Jim is the__tallest__boy__in__his__class. 疑问词＋be＋the＋最高级 Which__is__the__biggest,__the sun, the moon or the earth? the＋序数词＋最高级，意为“第几最……” The Yellow River is the__second__longest river in China. one of the＋最高级＋复数名词，意为“最……之一” Shanghai is one__of__the__biggest__cities in the world. 在系统中梳理语法 四、副词的比较级和最高级 1.副词的比较级和最高级大多数是在词前加more和most。只有少数副词，如quick, fast, slow, early等是在词尾加­er和­est。例如： ①They run faster than before. ②He got to school earliest in his class. 2.副词比较等级的用法与形容词比较等级的用法基本相同，但副词最高级前的定冠词the通常省略。例如： The boy writes (the)__most__carefully of the four. 3.副词比较等级的不规则变化： well→better→best, badly→worse→worst, little→less→least, much→more→most, far→farther/further→farthest/furthest 在系统中梳理语法 五、易混淆的同源副词 1. high 高高地——highly 高度地 2．deep 深深地——deeply 很，非常；深刻地 3．wide 充分地——widely 广泛地 4．just 正好——justly 公正地 5．near 接近地——nearly 几乎；差不多 6．hard 努力地——hardly 几乎不 7.free 免费地——freely 自由地 8．late 迟；晚——lately 最近；近来 9．most 最——mostly 通常；主要地 10．pretty 相当——prettily 优美地 11．close 接近地——closely 密切地；紧密地 在自测中提升语法 03 在自测中提升语法 Ⅰ.根据句意及所给汉语提示填空。 1．[2023·杭州中考改编]You've told me the truth. Thank you for being so ____________(诚实的) with me. 2．After finishing university, Tom came to China. Three years __________(以后), he was able to speak good Chinese. 3．He always arrives ___________(提早) than others, as he has the key to the classroom. 4．My parents are very _________(严格的) with me. I am not allowed to honest later earlier strict 在自测中提升语法 hang out with friends even on weekends. 5．Ever since the illness I got tired very ____________(容易地). 6．No matter what difficult problems you meet, please face them _____________(勇敢地). 7．I live next to a subway station. It's very ______________(便利的) for me to take the subway. 8．Living in the countryside with ___________(清新的) air is good for people's health. easily bravely convenient fresh 在自测中提升语法 9．Mr. White thinks that the most _____________(贵重的) work on today's show will be a Picasso drawing. 10．When she put on the new clothes, she looked ____________(年轻的) than usual. valuable younger 在自测中提升语法 Ⅱ.从方框中选择单词并用其适当形式完成句子，每词限用一次。 comfort, actual, old, cheap, luck, certain, easy, surprise, safe, person, danger, different 1．_______________， I'm busy at the moment—can I call you later? 2．Today, it's one of the world's _______________ and most helpful medicines. 3．After that, all children celebrate their birthdays on New Year's Day because that's when they grow one year ___________． Actually cheapest older 在自测中提升语法 4．After studying for a long time, my brother has now graduated and we are very ___________ to have a doctor in the family. 5．With the help of his father­in­law, a builder, he moved into a __________________ new home after only four months. 6．I'm _____________ never going there again. 7．Laptop computers make people's lives even __________ as people can take them anywhere. 8．The traffic here is very _______________ for children. lucky comfortable certainly easier dangerous 在自测中提升语法 9．The result of how much television we watch is ________________． 10．Linda Fiorelli, writer of The Happy Home, thinks very _______________． 11．To my great joy, the plane landed ___________ in the end. 12．Having good ______________ relationships is the most important thing for me. surprising differently safely personal 在自测中提升语法 Ⅲ.语法填空。 Scientists believe that music influences the way people behave 1.__________(deep). According to some scientists，the sound of Western classical music makes people feel 2._________(rich). When a restaurant plays classical music, people spend 3._________ (much) money on food and drinks. 4.____________，when the restaurant plays modern music，people spend less money. With no background music，people spend even 5._________ (little). deeply richer more However less 在自测中提升语法 It is believed that loud, fast music makes people eat faster. People actually chew their food faster when the music gets faster. Some restaurants play fast music during their busy hours. This gets people to eat faster and leave 6._____________(quick). In this way, restaurants can make more money. Some scientists think that music makes you think and learn 7.___________(well) than usual. They say that music helps students to be 8.________________(energy). It is true that people learn better when quickly better more energetic 在自测中提升语法 they are 9.____________(relax). And listening to music can help you relax. Next time you hear music somewhere, be 10._____________(care)，because maybe it will change the way you behave. relaxed careful 感谢聆听，再见！ $$