被动语态(1)课件 2023-2024学年牛津译林版八年级英语下册

被动语态 Passive voice 主动语态（active voice） He writes the novel.(强调动作的执行者) 被动语态（passive voice） The novel is written by him.（强调动作的承受者） 1.基本结构：be+done The Olympics are held every four years. take place Oxfam was set up in the UK. (没有必要说明动作的执行者) The man was killed 2 days ago. （不知道动作的执行者） Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people around the world. （强调动作的承受者） 2.被动语态与时态/情态动词结合 (1) 一般现在时 am/is/are +done We clean the classroom every day. The classroom is cleaned by us every day. (2) 一般过去时 was/were +done The doctor operated on him yesterday. He was operated on by the doctor yesterday. They often make fun of her. → She _____ often ______ ______ _____. They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital ______ ______ _______ in 1975. The students should listen to the teacher carefully. → The teacher should ______ _______ _____ carefully. We should speak to the old people politely. → The old people should _____ _______ _____ politely. is made fun of was set up be listened to be spoken to (3) 一般将来时 will be done am/is/are going to be done I’ll take care of the homeless boy. The homeless boy will be taken good care of by me. The homeless boy is going to be taken good care of by me. (4) 现在进行时 am/is/are being done They are discussing the problem now. The problem is being discussed by them now. (5) 现在完成时 have/has been done Somebody has painted the wall. The wall has been painted by somebody. (6) 情态动词 can/may/should/must be done You mustn’t take the books out of the library. The books mustn’t be taken out of the library. 被动语态使用时的注意点 1.含双宾语结构的主动语态变为被动语态： 1）常把间接宾语变为主语 2）若把直接宾语变为被动句的主语时，常在保留宾语前加相应的介词to或for。 He gave me a gift. S V IO DO I was given a gift by him. A gift was given to me by him. Mum bought me a bicycle. I was bought a bicycle by Mum. A bicycle was bought for me by Mum. 2.在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态句式中，动词不定式的to 常省去，但是在被动语态中要加上to。 1）see/hear/notice sb. do sth.（全过程；经常做） sb. be seen/heard/noticed to do sth. I often hear her sing in the room. She is often heard to sing in the room . p.s. I saw some kids kicking the ball when I passed by. Some kids were seen kicking the ball when I passed by. 3）help sb（to）do sth sb be helped to do sth 2）let/make/have sb. do sth. sb. be let/made/had to do sth. The boss makes the workers work all day. The workers are made to work all day. I helped the blind man (to) cross the road. The blind man was helped to cross the road by me. 无被动或被动语态的特殊情况 1.只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态，如： happen, take place, rise, fall, last(持续), appear(出现), disappear(消失), die, come true, end, break out(爆发), come out, run out，belong to等。 太阳从东方升起。 The sun rises in the east. 这起事故是上周发生的。 The accident happened last week. 2. a) 一些不及物动词如：read，write，draw，sell, wash, cook, clean等，如果主语是物，并和easily, well等副词连用时，用主动语态来描述主语状态、性质或特征。 This kind of cloth _________ (wash) easily.　 　 The pen ________ (write) smoothly. This kind of sweater ______ (sell) well. This kind of sweater ______________ (sell) out yesterday. washes writes sells was sold b)系动词如look, smell, taste, sound, feel,be,become,turn,get,go等无被动语态 The dish _________ (smell) good. The idea __________ (sound) great. smells sounds c)sth. be adj. to do sth think /feel / find/ sth. adj. to do sth. 此时形容词表示难易、利弊，句中动词不用被动语态。 Goldfish are easy ____________ (look after). The article is difficult ________________ (understand). I find the shoes comfortable (wear). to look after to understand to finish 3. 在need, require,want等词的后面，动名词(-ing)用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。(need doing = need to be done 需要被做) 这房子需要修理。 The house _______ ________. = The house _______ ____ _____ ________. 你要理发了。 Your hair _______ _______. = Your hair ______ ______ ______ _______. needs repairing needs to be repaired needs cutting needs to be cut 4.have sth done 意为“让人/请人做某事” 这里强调的是动作，不需要说明动作的执行者，主动语态表示被动含义。 I want to have my computer repaired. 我想要修一下我的电脑。 I had some photos taken in the park. 我昨天在公园拍了些照片。 5.被动语态常用于如下句型： It’s said that … 据说… It’s reported that… 据报道…… It’s believed that… 人们相信… It’s (well) known that… 大家都知道…；众所周知… 据说，联合国儿童基金会成立(set up)于1946。 ______________ UNICEF _____________ in 1946. 众所周知，周杰伦被很多年轻人喜欢。 _______________ Jay Chou ____________ many young people. It’s said that was set up It’s known that is liked by Have a try 1. The book ____________(write) by Austin in 1890. 2. Trees on both sides of the road need ____________________(water). 3. People ________ to prepare for the celebration this morning. A. was organized B. organized C. were to organize D. were organized 4. This shirt _______ nice. And it _______ easily too. A. is looked; is washed B. looks; is washed C. is looked; washes C. looks; washes 5. I find the problem is easy ___________. A. to answer B. to be answered C. answered D. answering was written watering /to be watered $$