Unit 5 词汇练习-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期知识&题型大冲关（人教版2019选择性必修第一册）

Unit 5 词汇复习资料 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1. He could read all the national papers at his (闲暇)． 2. When you (获得) one goal, then set a new one. 3. Only five years after Steve Jobs' death, smartphones defeated (传统的) PCs in sales. 4. A (特点) of this animal is its ability to live for a long time without water. 5. Most of the shops have been absorbed into big business due to the influence of global financial (危机)． 6. The chairman's visit was aimed at (扩展) the relation between the two countries. 7. (产量) consists of both exports and sales on the (国内的) market. 8. We can surely (克服) these difficulties as long as we are closely united. 9. At first glance, (有机的) farming looks much more expensive for the farmers. 10. It seems to be an (可供替代的) solution. 11. There is (广泛的) support for the new proposals. 12. To my amazement, his opinion is similar to mine in many (方面)． 13. It has been discovered that (细菌) reproduce by dividing and making copies of themselves. 14. Don't give the baby meat to eat, because he can't (消化) it. 15. All these brightly coloured (杂交) are so lovely in the garden. 16. The first reason to (解决) these problems is to save children's lives. 17. Young people today are under (十分强烈的) pressure to succeed. 18. Wind turbines (产生) electricity for the local community. 19. Most people now enjoy shorter working hours and more (空暇) time. 20. In 1944, at the age of 30, Hersey suddenly became a (名人). 2、 词汇变形 1. devote vt.把……献(给)；专心于→ n．奉献； ；关爱→ adj.忠诚的 2. shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺→ adj.短的→ v．缩短 3. convince vt.使确信；说服→ adj.确信的；信服的→ adj.令人信服的 4. assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得→ v．假设→ conj.假定；假设 5. salty adj.含盐的；咸的→ n．盐 6. extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→ vt.伸开；展开；延伸→ adj.广阔的；大规模的；广泛的 7. chemical adj.与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品→ n．化学→ adv.化学上地→ n．化学家；药剂师 8. nutritional adj.营养(物)的→ adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→ n．营养；滋养 9. expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加vt.扩展；发展(业务)→ n．扩展；膨胀 10. consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消费→ v．消费；消耗→ n．消费者 11. poverty n．贫穷；贫困→ adj. 贫穷的 12. depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→ adj.深的；深远的 13. entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→ adj.全部的；整个的；完全的 3、 4、 词组积累 1. 2. 耕种土地；在地里工作 3. 从事一种职业 4. 担任；以……身份而工作 5. 一个物种的变种 6. 远非如此 7. 在内心深处；本质上；实际上 8. 关心；照顾；喜欢 9. 捐款做某事 10. 实现梦想 11. 成功做某事 12. 打开；开发 13. 凭空想出；虚构出 14. 把……用于；献身；致力 15. 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成) 16. 呈现；承担责任；决定做；雇用 17. 严重缺乏食物 18. 通过不懈的努力 19. 世界粮食日 20. 消除世界饥饿 21. 主要因素 22. 发展可持续农业 23. 全球冲突 24. 挨饿 25. 随着时间的推移 26. 相应地；转而；依次；轮流 27. 至于；关于 28. 太……而不能 29. 也；又；同样 30. 转变；转向 31. 转向；求助于；致力于 32. 关注；聚焦于 33. 无……的；摆脱…… 34. 满足要求 35. 完全没有；远不及 36. 满足要求 37. 以……为代价；由……支付费用 38. 把……考虑进去 39. 例如；比如 40. 渴望……；迫切需要… 41. 在各个方面 42. 人工肥料 43. 外表 5、 语法填空 devote 1. Before the exam, I devoted myself to (prepare) for it. 2. From my first job at the restaurant, I learnt teamwork and (devote)． 3. She (devote) to her research, so she cares little about other things. 4. (devote) to her research, she cares little about other things. 5. She gladly gave up her part-time job to devote (her) entirely to her art. 6. It is his (devote) to his learning that enables him to attain a doctor’s degree. convince 1. I am fully (convince) that with the tips above we will become smart online learners. 2. He convinced the police department (allow) him to set up a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. 3. It convinces me nothing is better than green hills and clean water. 4. Courtenay played the role in an utterly (convince) way. 5. I found his speech (convince) and admired him for his eloquence(口才)． 6. His speech was so that everyone present entirely believed what he said. From his words，I was entirely of his ability to tackle this problem perfectly. (convince) 7. I have convinced him our ability to have a safe trip. attain 1. These trains are capable of (attain) very high speeds. 2. If the solutions are so (attain), why haven't we reached them yet? 3. I am determined (attain) my aim at any cost. 4. The (attain) of his ambitions was still a dream. assumption 1. His (assume) that our baseball team would lose proved wrong. 2. People tend to make an (assume) about you based on your appearance. 3. It (assume) that that was a difficult problem impossible to overcome. 4. the assumption that everyone would turn up, how many tables should we prepare for the party? 5. My calculations were based on the (assume) that house prices would remain steady. 6. (assume) that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Union, I will organize more colorful after-class activities to enrich our school life. estimate 1. The animal's critical care and recovery were estimated (be) several thousand dollars. 2. The cost of building that railway (estimate) at over 10 billion dollars. 3. The cost of decorating the stadium is estimated (be) 3 million pounds. 4. is estimated that the number of tourists who travel abroad has doubled in the past decade. in turn 1, People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, which turn creates more problems. 2. At the meeting they took turns to (put) forward a number of suggestions. 3. The two daughters looked after their sick mother turns. 4. It's your turn (read) the passage. 5. The educators in this school took turns (deliver) a speech in the rural schools. digest 1. 写出下列句中黑体词的含义 ① You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to digest. ② It often takes a long time to digest new ideas. ③ The organisation publishes a regular digest of environmental statistics. 2. It took me a long time (digest) what I had heard. 3. As the saying goes, reading without reflecting is like eating without (digest). alternative 1. To become a smart online learner, not only should we carefully choose from countless (alternative) we may face, but extra attention needs to be attached when we take lessons online. 2. You have alternative of riding or walking. 3. Come with us; (alternative), meet us there. 4. We have no alternative but (go) on. 5. On the assumption that you are available, I can come to your house, or (alternative)，we can meet in the town. 6. After all, nothing in the world can be alternative to oceans. consumption There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in (consume)． shortage 1. A number of soldiers died because of a (short) of medicine and medical workers. 2. A (short) of experience caused us to assess what had happened in an incorrect way. 3. short, I like online reading more than paper reading. 4. The going was slow on the project because of a shortage skilled workers. reality 1. The reason why poems can convey certain emotions is that they can vividly transform (real) into literature. 2. To turn their dreams into a (real), the twins work very hard. 3. The child thought he was being helpful, but reality, he was a nuisance. 4. His plans were transformed reality overnight. essential 1. Most authorities agree that play is an (essentially) part of a child's development. 2. It is essential that he (get) some reliable information before making inferences. 3. Sun and water are essential the growth of crops. 4. It is essential part of who we are today and who we will become. salty I love it, for it's confused (salt) and sweet taste! instance 1. Let your child make some of the small decisions concerning his daily routine. instance, allow him to choose what clothes to wear at the weekend. 2. She cited an instance their training had been a great help in dealing with problems. 3. In first instance, your child will be seen by an expert on ear, nose and throat. 4. Trust me! In instance will I reveal your secret. expand 1. A few years later, the writer (expand)his short novel into a long one. 2. He did not expand greatly his statement. 3. The book is an (expand) of a series of lectures given last year. 4. We have plans to expand the business the USA market. entirely They are not (entire) happy with his criticism of the president. overcome 1. Through intense effort, Yuan (overcome) enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. 2. He was suddenly overcome the harm he had done. depth 1. We felt at home with her and were impressed with the (deep) of her knowledge. 2. My mindless words must have hurt him (deep). 3. I’m occupied with the research, so I haven’t looked at the report depth yet. 4. The reunion dinner helps (deep) family ties while the exchange of gifts and greetings enhance relations between friends. poverty 1. (poor) is less of a problem now than it used to be. 2. We should unite to fight (poor) and disease and build a better country. nutritious It is always important to choose enjoyable, (nutrition) foods. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 词汇复习资料 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1. He could read all the national papers at his leisure (闲暇)． 2. When you attain (获得) one goal, then set a new one. 3. Only five years after Steve Jobs' death, smartphones defeated conventional (传统的) PCs in sales. 4. A characteristic (特点) of this animal is its ability to live for a long time without water. 5. Most of the shops have been absorbed into big business due to the influence of global financial crisis (危机)． 6. The chairman's visit was aimed at expanding (扩展) the relation between the two countries. 7. Output (产量) consists of both exports and sales on the domestic (国内的) market. 8. We can surely overcome (克服) these difficulties as long as we are closely united. 9. At first glance, organic (有机的) farming looks much more expensive for the farmers. 10. It seems to be an alternative (可供替代的) solution. 11. There is widespread (广泛的) support for the new proposals. 12. To my amazement, his opinion is similar to mine in many aspects (方面)． 13. It has been discovered that bacteria (细菌) reproduce by dividing and making copies of themselves. 14. Don't give the baby meat to eat, because he can't digest (消化) it. 15. All these brightly coloured hybrids (杂交) are so lovely in the garden. 16. The first reason to tackle (解决) these problems is to save children's lives. 17. Young people today are under intense (十分强烈的) pressure to succeed. 18. Wind turbines generate (产生) electricity for the local community. 19. Most people now enjoy shorter working hours and more leisure (空暇) time. 20. In 1944, at the age of 30, Hersey suddenly became a celebrity (名人). 2、 词汇变形 1. devote vt.把……献(给)；专心于→devotion n．奉献；忠诚；关爱→devoted adj.忠诚的 2. shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺→short adj.短的→shorten v．缩短 3. convince vt.使确信；说服→convinced adj.确信的；信服的→convincing adj.令人信服的 4. assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得→assume v．假设→assuming conj.假定；假设 5. salty adj.含盐的；咸的→salt n．盐 6. extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extend vt.伸开；展开；延伸→extensive adj.广阔的；大规模的；广泛的 7. chemical adj.与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品→chemistry n．化学→chemically adv.化学上地→chemist n．化学家；药剂师 8. nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n．营养；滋养 9. expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加vt.扩展；发展(业务)→expansion n．扩展；膨胀 10. consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消费→consume v．消费；消耗→consumer n．消费者 11. poverty n．贫穷；贫困→poor adj. 贫穷的 12. depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deep adj.深的；深远的 13. entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→entire adj.全部的；整个的；完全的 3、 词组积累 1. 2. work the land耕种土地；在地里工作 3. pursue a career从事一种职业 4. work as担任；以……身份而工作 5. varieties of a species一个物种的变种 6. far from the case远非如此 7. deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上 8. care for关心；照顾；喜欢 9. make donations to do sth捐款做某事 10. fulfil dreams实现梦想 11. succeed in doing sth成功做某事 12. open up打开；开发 13. dream up凭空想出；虚构出 14. devote ... to把……用于；献身；致力 15. be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成(或构成) 16. take on呈现；承担责任；决定做；雇用 17. a serious shortage of food 严重缺乏食物 18. through intense effort 通过不懈的努力 19. World Food Day 世界粮食日 20. eliminate world hunger 消除世界饥饿 21. major factors主要因素 22. develop sustainable agriculture 发展可持续农业 23. global conflict 全球冲突 24. go hungry挨饿 25. over time随着时间的推移 26. in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流 27. as for至于；关于 28. too ... to太……而不能 29. as well也；又；同样 30. switch to转变；转向 31. turn to转向；求助于；致力于 32. focus on关注；聚焦于 33. free of无……的；摆脱…… 34. serve the demand满足要求 35. nowhere near完全没有；远不及 36. meet the need满足要求 37. at the expense of 以……为代价；由……支付费用 38. take ... into account 把……考虑进去 39. for instance 例如；比如 40. desperate for ... 渴望……；迫切需要… 41. in every aspect 在各个方面 42. artificial fertilisers 人工肥料 43. on the outside 外表 4、 语法填空 devote 1. Before the exam, I devoted myself to preparing (prepare) for it. 2. From my first job at the restaurant, I learnt teamwork and devotion (devote)． 3. She is devoted (devote) to her research, so she cares little about other things. 4. Devoted (devote) to her research, she cares little about other things. 5. She gladly gave up her part-time job to devote herself (her) entirely to her art. 6. It is his devotion (devote) to his learning that enables him to attain a doctor’s degree. convince 1. I am fully convinced (convince) that with the tips above we will become smart online learners. 2. He convinced the police department to allow (allow) him to set up a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. 3. It convinces me that nothing is better than green hills and clean water. 4. Courtenay played the role in an utterly convincing (convince) way. 5. I found his speech convincing (convince) and admired him for his eloquence(口才)． 6. His speech was so convincing that everyone present entirely believed what he said. From his convincing words，I was entirely convinced of his ability to tackle this problem perfectly. (convince) 7. I have convinced him of our ability to have a safe trip. attain 1. These trains are capable of attaining (attain) very high speeds. 2. If the solutions are so attainable (attain), why haven't we reached them yet? 3. I am determined to attain (attain) my aim at any cost. 4. The attainment (attain) of his ambitions was still a dream. assumption 1. His assumption (assume) that our baseball team would lose proved wrong. 2. People tend to make an assumption (assume) about you based on your appearance. 3. It was assumed (assume) that that was a difficult problem impossible to overcome. 4. On the assumption that everyone would turn up, how many tables should we prepare for the party? 5. My calculations were based on the assumption (assume) that house prices would remain steady. 6. Assuming (assume) that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Union, I will organize more colorful after-class activities to enrich our school life. estimate 1. The animal's critical care and recovery were estimated to be (be) several thousand dollars. 2. The cost of building that railway is estimated (estimate) at over 10 billion dollars. 3. The cost of decorating the stadium is estimated to be (be) 3 million pounds. 4. It is estimated that the number of tourists who travel abroad has doubled in the past decade. in turn 1, People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, which in turn creates more problems. 2. At the meeting they took turns to put/putting (put) forward a number of suggestions. 3. The two daughters looked after their sick mother by turns. 4. It's your turn to read (read) the passage. 5. The educators in this school took turns to deliver (deliver) a speech in the rural schools. digest 1. 写出下列句中黑体词的含义 ① You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to digest. 消化 ② It often takes a long time to digest new ideas. 领悟；领会 ③ The organisation publishes a regular digest of environmental statistics. 摘要 2. It took me a long time to digest (digest) what I had heard. 3. As the saying goes, reading without reflecting is like eating without digesting (digest). alternative 1. To become a smart online learner, not only should we carefully choose from countless alternatives (alternative) we may face, but extra attention needs to be attached when we take lessons online. 2. You have the alternative of riding or walking. 3. Come with us; alternatively (alternative), meet us there. 4. We have no alternative but to go (go) on. 5. On the assumption that you are available, I can come to your house, or alternatively (alternative)，we can meet in the town. 6. After all, nothing in the world can be an alternative to oceans. consumption There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption (consume)． shortage 1. A number of soldiers died because of a shortage (short) of medicine and medical workers. 2. A shortage(short) of experience caused us to assess what had happened in an incorrect way. 3. In short, I like online reading more than paper reading. 4. The going was slow on the project because of a shortage of skilled workers. reality 1. The reason why poems can convey certain emotions is that they can vividly transform reality (real) into literature. 2. To turn their dreams into a reality (real), the twins work very hard. 3. The child thought he was being helpful, but in reality, he was a nuisance. 4. His plans were transformed into reality overnight. essential 1. Most authorities agree that play is an essential (essentially) part of a child's development. 2. It is essential that he (should) get (get) some reliable information before making inferences. 3. Sun and water are essential to the growth of crops. 4. It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become. salty I love it, for it's confused salty (salt) and sweet taste! instance 1. Let your child make some of the small decisions concerning his daily routine. For instance, allow him to choose what clothes to wear at the weekend. 2. She cited an instance where their training had been a great help in dealing with problems. 3. In the first instance, your child will be seen by an expert on ear, nose and throat. 4. Trust me! In no instance will I reveal your secret. expand 1. A few years later, the writer expanded (expand)his short novel into a long one. 2. He did not expand greatly on/ upon his statement. 3. The book is an expansion (expand) of a series of lectures given last year. 4. We have plans to expand the business into the USA market. entirely They are not entirely (entire) happy with his criticism of the president. overcome 1. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame (overcome) enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. 2. He was suddenly overcome with the harm he had done. depth 1. We felt at home with her and were impressed with the depth (deep) of her knowledge. 2. My mindless words must have hurt him deeply (deep). 3. I’m occupied with the research, so I haven’t looked at the report in depth yet. 4. The reunion dinner helps to deepen (deep) family ties while the exchange of gifts and greetings enhance relations between friends. poverty 1. Poverty (poor) is less of a problem now than it used to be. 2. We should unite to fight poverty (poor) and disease and build a better country. nutritious It is always important to choose enjoyable, nutritious (nutrition) foods. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$