主题语境3 人与自然-【创新教程】2020-2024五年高考真题英语分类特训

第一部分阅读理解 主题语境3人与自然 1.自然生态 [青题题组·实战集训] Passage1(2024新课标Ⅱ卷，A篇) 卡洛秋季徙步节的 题材 体裁 应用文 词数 290 建议用时 8'难度： 四项徙步旅行活动 Choice of Walks for Beginner clubs.A torch(手电筒)along with suitable and Experienced Walkers clothing is essential for walking in the dark. The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a Those who are dressed inappropriately will be great opportunity for the beginner,experienced refused permission to participate. or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Date and Time:Saturday,Ist October,at 18:30 Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its Start Point:The Town Hall woodland walks. Walk Duration:3 hours Walk 1-The Natural World Walk 4-Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish For- With environmentalist Eanna Lamhna as est the guide,this walk promises to be an informa- This informative walk led by Richard tive tour.Walkers are sure to learn lots about Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of the habitats and natural world of the Black- photography in the wild.Bring along your cam- stairs. era and enjoy the wonderful views along this Date and Time:Saturday,Ist October,at well-surfaced forest path. 09:00 Date and Time:Sunday.2nd October,at 11:45 Start Point:Scratoes Bridge Start Point:Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area Walk Duration:6 hours Walk Duration:1.5 hours Walk 2-Introduction to Hillwalking 21.Which walk takes the shortest time? Emmanuel Chappard,an experienced A.The Natural World. guide,has a passion for making the great out- B.Introduction to Hillwalking. doors accessible to all.This mountain walk pro- C.Moonlight Under the Stars. vides an insight into the skills required for hill- D.Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest. walking to ensure you get the most from future 22.What are participants in Walk 3 required walking trips. to do? Date and Time:Sunday,2nd October,at A.Wear proper clothes. 09:00 B.Join a walking club. Start Point:Deerpark Car Park C.Get special permits. Walk Duration:5 hours D.Bring a survival guide. 23.What do the four walks have in common? Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars A.They involve difficult climbing. Walking at night-time is a great way to step B.They are for experienced walkers. out of your comfort zone.Breathtaking views of C.They share the same start point. the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the D.They are scheduled for the weekend. presence of welcoming guides from local walking 最新真题分类特训·英语 Passage2(2024全国甲卷，B篇) 题材 了解猫的行为 体裁 说明文 词数 302 建议用时8 难度： Animals can express their needs using a lot bring them to their owners.This is a very old of ways.For instance,almost all animals have habit that's been present in all kinds of preda- distinct vocals (that they rely on to either tors(食肉动物).Cats bring gifts for their own- ask for help,scare away any dangerous animals ers to show they love you.These adorable little or look for shelter.But cats are special creatures hunters are just doing something that it's been who possess amazing vocalization skills.They in their nature since the beginning of time.So are able to have entire conversations with hu- just go along with it! mans using meows and you're able to interpret 24.What can be learned about cats'meowing it.If a pet cat is hungry,it will keep meowing to from the first paragraph? attract attention and find food.However,when a A.It's a survival skill. cat is looking for affection,they tend to produce B.It's taught by mother cats. stretched and soft meows.Meowing starts as C.It's hard to interpret. soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it D.It's getting louder with age. to get the mother's attention and be fed. 25.How does a pet cat assess different situa- Cats have many heightened senses,but their tions? sense of smell is quite impressive.They use their A.By listening for sounds. noses to assess their environment and look out B.By touching familiar objects. for any signs of danger.They will sniff out spe- C.By checking on smells. cific areas before they choose a place to relax. D.By communicating with other cats. However,another way the cats are able to dis- 26.Which best explains the phrase "take...up tinguish between situations is by looking for fa- notch”in Paragraph3? miliar smells.Your cat will likely smell your face A.Perform appropriately. and store the smell in its memory and use it to B.Move faster. recognize you in the future.That's why most pet C.Act strangely. cats are able to tell immediately if their owners D.Do better. were around any other cats,which they don't 27.What is a suitable title for the text? usually like. A.Tips on Finding a Smart Cat Dogs are known for their impressive fetch- B.Understanding Your Cat's Behavior ing habit,but cats take this behavior up a notch. C.Have Fun with Your Cat Many cats will find random objects outside and D.How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 第一部分阅读理解 [青题题组·实战集训l2] Passage3(2023全国甲卷，D篇) 题材 美国灰熊生存环境和状况 体裁 说明文 词数 319建议用时8′难度： Grizzly bears,which may grow to about yards in search of food.If people remove food 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg,occupy a and attractants from their yards and campsites, conflicted corner of the American psyche-we grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. revere(敬畏)them even as they give us frighte- Putting electric fencing around chicken houses ning dreams.Ask the tourists from around the and other farm animal quarters is also highly ef- world that flood into Yellowstone National Park fective at getting grizzlies away."Our hope is to what they most hope to see,and their answer is have a clean,attractant-free place where bears often the same:a grizzly bear. can pass through without learning bad habits," "Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas says James Jonkel,longtime biologist who mana- of their former range,"says bear biologist Chris ges bears in and around Missoula. Servheen.As grizzly bears expand their range 32.How do Americans look at grizzlies? into places where they haven't been seen in a A.They cause mixed feelings in people. century or more,they're increasingly being B.They should be kept in national parks. sighted by humans. C.They are of high scientific value. The western half of the U.S.was full of D.They are a symbol of American culture. grizzlies when Europeans came,with a rough 33.What has helped the increase of the grizzly number of 50,000 or more living alongside N- population? ative Americans.By the early 1970s,after centu- A.The European settlers'behavior. ries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, B.The expansion of bears'range. 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 per- C.The protection by law since 1975. cent of their former range in the Northern Rock- D.The support of Native Americans. ies.In 1975,grizzlies were listed under the En- 34.What has stopped the U.S.Fish and Wildlife dangered Species Act. Service from delisting grizzlies? Today,there are about 2,000 or more griz- A.The opposition of conservation groups. zly bears in the U.S.Their recovery has been so B.The successful comeback of grizzlies. successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Serv- C.The voice of the biologists. ice has twice attempted to delist grizzlies,which D.The local farmers'advocates. would loosen legal protections and allow them to 35.What can be inferred from the last para- be hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to graph? lawsuits from conservation groups.For now, A.Food should be provided for grizzlies. grizzlies remain listed. B.People can live in harmony with grizzlies. Obviously,if precautions(预防)aren't C.A special path should be built for grizzlies. taken,grizzlies can become troublesome,some- D.Technology can be introduced to protect times killing farm animals or walking through grizzlies. 最新真题分类特训·英语 Passage4(2023新课标Ⅱ卷，D篇) 题材城市中的自然场所有益健康体裁 说明文 词数 454 建议用时8'难度： As cities balloon with growth,access to na- "We're trying to generate a language that ture for people living in urban areas is becoming helps bring the human-nature interactions back harder to find.If you're lucky,there might be a into our daily lives.And for that to happen,we pocket park near where you live,but it's unusu- also need to protect nature so that we can inter- al to find places in a city that are relatively wild. act with it,"said Peter Kahn,a senior author of Past research has found health and wellness the study. benefits of nature for humans,but a new study 32.What phenomenon does the author describe shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely at the beginning of the text? important for human well-being. A.Pocket parks are now popular. The research team focused on a large urban B.Wild nature is hard to find in cities. park.They surveyed several hundred park-go- C.Many cities are overpopulated. ers,asking them to submit a written summary D.People enjoy living close to nature. online of a meaningful interaction they had with 33.Why did the researchers code participant nature in the park.The researchers then exam- submissions into categories? ined these submissions,coding(编f码)experi- A.To compare different types of park-go- ences into different categories.For example, ers. one participant's experience of "We sat and lis- B.To explain why the park attracts tour- tened to the waves at the beach for a while"was ists. assigned the categories "sitting at beach"and C.To analyze the main features of the park. “listening to waves..” D.To find patterns in the visitors'summa- Across the 320 submissions,a pattern of ries. categories the researchers call a "nature lan- 34.What can we learn from the example given in guage"began to emerge.After the coding of all Paragraph 5? submissions,half a dozen categories were noted A.Walking is the best way to gain access to most often as important to visitors.These in- nature. clude encountering wildlife,walking along the B.Young people are too busy to interact edge of water,and following an established with nature. trail. C.The same nature experience takes differ- Naming each nature experience creates a ent forms. usable language,which helps people recognize D.The nature language enhances work per- and take part in the activities that are most sat- formance. isfying and meaningful to them.For example, 35.What should be done before we can interact the experience of walking along the edge of wa- with nature according to Kahn? ter might be satisfying for a young professional A.Language study. on a weekend hike in the park.Back downtown B.Environmental conservation. during a workday,they can enjoy a more domes- C.Public education. tic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. D.Intercultural communication. 第一部分阅读理解 [直题题组·实战集训3] Passage5(2022全国甲卷，B篇》 题材 鹦鹉识别物体形状实验 体裁 说明文 词数 250 建议用时8难度： Goffin's cockatoos,a kind of small parrot The next step,according to the researchers, native to Australasia,have been shown to have is to try and work out whether the cockatoos re- similar shape-recognition abilities to a human ly entirely on visual clues(线索)，or also use a two-year-old.Though not known to use tools in sense of touch in making their shape selections. the wild,the birds have proved skilful at tool use 24.How did the cockatoos get the nut from the while kept in the cage.In a recent experiment, box in the experiment? cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut A.By following instructions. inside it.The clear front of the box had a "key- B.By using a tool. hole"in a geometric shape,and the birds were C.By turning the box around. given five differently shaped "keys"to choose D.By removing the lid. from.Inserting the correct "key"would let out 25.Which task can human one-year-olds most the nut. likely complete according to the text? In humans,babies can put a round shape in A.Using a key to unlock a door. a round hole from around one year of age,but it B.Telling parrots from other birds. will be another year before they are able to do C.Putting a ball into a round hole. the same with less symmetrical(对称的) D.Grouping toys of different shapes. shapes.This ability to recognize that a shape 26.What does the follow-up test aim to find out will need to be turned in a specific direction be- about the cockatoos? fore it will fit is called an "allocentric frame of A.How far they are able to see. reference".In the experiment,Goffin's cockatoos B.How they track moving objects. were able to select the right tool for the job,in C.Whether they are smarter than monkeys. most cases,by visual recognition alone.Where D.Whether they use a sense of touch in the test. trial-and-error was used,the cockatoos did bet- 27.Which can be a suitable title for the text? ter than monkeys in similar tests.This indicates A.Cockatoos:Quick Error Checkers that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an al- B.Cockatoos:Independent Learners locentric frame of reference when moving objects C.Cockatoos:Clever Signal-Readers in space,similar to two-year-old babies. D.Cockatoos:Skilful Shape-Sorters 9 最新真题分类特训·英语 Passage6(2021全国甲卷，A篇) 题材 摄影作品及拍摄背景 体裁应用文 词数 241建议用时6'难度： Take a view,the Landscape(风景)Photog 续表 rapher of the Year Award,was the idea of Char- I was back in my home town of lie Waite,one of today's most respected land- Macclesfield to take some winter scape photographers.Each year,the high stand- images.Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe.a ard of entries has shown that the Awards are the Timothy Smith local high point,I came across a perfect platform to showcase the very best pho- (2014) small clearing and immediately no- Maccles field tography of the British landscape.Take a view is ticed the dead yellow grasses set Forest a desirable annual competition for photographers against the fresh snow.The small Cheshire,England pine added to the interest and I from all corners of the UK and beyond. placed it centrally to take the view It was an extremely cold winter's from the foreground right through into the forest. evening and freezing fog hung in the air.I climbed to the top of a 1.Who would most probably enter for Take a small rise and realised that the view? mist was little more than a few A.Writers. B.Photographers. C.Painters. D.Tourists. feet deep,and though it was only a Mike Shepherd 2.What do the works by Shepherd and Smith short climb,I found myself com- (2011) have in common? pletely above it and looking at a Skiddaw in Winter A.They are winter images. wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw Cumbria,England B.They are in black and white. with the sun setting in the west.I C.They show mountainous scenes. used classical techniques,transla- D.They focus on snow-covered forests. ted from my college days spent in 3.Where can the text be found? the darkroom into Photoshop,to A.In a history book. B.In a novel. achieve the black-and-white image C.In an art magazine. (图像) D.In a biography. 70 第一部分阅读理解 [直题题组·实战集训l4] Passage7(2021全国甲卷，B篇) 题材 濒危黑犀的保护和繁育 体裁 说明文 词数 258 建议用时 7难度：山 Port Lympne Reserve,which runs a breed- According to the World Wildlife Fund,the ing(繁育)programme,has welcomed the arrival global black rhino population has dropped as low of a rare black rhino calf(犀牛幼崽).When the as 5500,giving the rhinos a "critically endan- tiny creature arrived on January 31,she became gered'”status.. 4.Which of the following best describes the the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. breeding programme? And officials at Port Lympne were delighted A.Costly. B.Controversial. with the new arrival,especially as black rhinos C.Ambitious. D.Successful. are known for being difficult to breed in captivi- 5.What does Paul Beer say about the new-born ty(圈养). rhino? Paul Beer,head of rhino section at Port A.She loves staying with her mother. Lympne,said:"Obviously we're all absolutely B.She dislikes outdoor activities. delighted to welcome another calf to our black C.She is in good condition. rhino family.She's healthy,strong and already D.She is sensitive to heat. eager to play and explore.Her mother,Solio,is a 6.What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have? first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. A.They had their first born in January. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into B.They enjoyed exploring new places. the open,but as soon as the weather warms up, C.They lived with their grandmothers. I have no doubt that the little one will be out D.They were brought to the reserve young. and about exploring and playing every day. 7.What can be inferred about Port Lympne Re- The adorable female calf is the second black serve? rhino born this year at the reserve,but it is too A.The rhino section will be open to the pub- early to tell if the calves will make good candi- lic. dates to be returned to protected areas of the B.It aims to control the number of the ani- wild.The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne mals. C.It will continue to work with the World arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima Wildlife Fund. and weighed about 32kg.His mother,grand- D.Some of its rhinos may be sent to the pro- mother and great grandmother were all born at tected wild areas. the reserve and still live there. 最新真题分类特训·英语 Passage8(2020新课标I卷，D篇) 题材发光的植物可用来照明吗？体裁 说明文 词数324 建议用时8'难度： The connection between people and plants Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total has long been the subject of scientific research. electricity consumed in the US.Since lighting is often Recent studies have found positive effects.A far removed from the power source(电源)一such as study conducted in Youngstown,Ohio,for exam- the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a ple,discovered that greener areas of the city ex- remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during trans- perienced less crime.In another,employees were mission ()Glowing plants could reduce this shown to be 15%more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. distance and therefore help save energy. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institu- 32.What is the first paragraph mainly about? te of Technology (MIT)have taken it a step A.A new study of different plants. further-changing the actual composition of B.A big fall in crime rates. plants in order to get them to perform diverse. C.Employees from various workplaces. even unusual functions.These include plants D.Benefits from green plants. that have sensors printed onto their leaves to 33.What is the function of the sensors printed show when they're short of water and a plant on plant leaves by MIT engineers? that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwa- ter."We're thinking about how we can engineer A.To detect plants'lack of water. plants to replace functions of the things that we B.To change compositions of plants. use every day,"explained Michael Strano,a pro- C.To make the life of plants longer. fessor of chemical engineering at MIT. D.To test chemicals in plants. One of his latest projects has been to make 34.What can we expect of the glowing plants in plants glow(发光)in experiments using some the future? common vegetables.Strano's team found that A.They will speed up energy production. they could create a faint light for three-and- B.They may transmit electricity to the a-half hours.The light,about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by,is just a start.The home. technology,Strano said,could one day be used to C.They might help reduce energy consumption. light the rooms or even to turn trees into self- D.They could take the place of power powered street lamps. plants. In the future,the team hopes to develop a 35.Which of the following can be the best title version of the technology that can be sprayed for the text? onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that A.Can we grow more glowing plants? would last the plant's lifetime.The engineers are B.How do we live with glowing plants? also trying to develop an on and of“switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to C.Could glowing plants replace lamps? daylight. D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free? 第一部分阅读理解 2.环境保护 [直题题组·实战集训1] Passage1(2024新课标I卷，A篇) 题材 柄息地恢复小队招募公告 体裁应用文词数199建议用时8'难度：山 HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM No experience necessary.Training and tools Help restore and protect Marin's natural will be provided.Fulfills()community serv- areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas ice requirements. Ridge.We'll explore beautiful park sites while UPCOMING EVENTS conducting invasive(侵入的)plant removal, Time Meeting Location winter planting,and seed collection.Habitat Sunday,Jan.15 Battery Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in 10:00am-1:00pm Alexander Trailhead restoring sensitive resources and protecting en- dangered species across the ridges and valleys. Sunday,Jan.22 Stinson Beach Park GROUPS 10:00am-2:30pm ing Lot Groups of five or more require special ar- Sunday,Jan.29 Coyote Ridge Trail- rangements and must be confirmed in advance. 9:30am-2:30pm head Please review the List of Available Projects and 21.What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING Team? Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. A.To discover mineral resources. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth B.To develop new wildlife parks. C.To protect the local ecosystem. under the age of 15. D.To conduet biological research. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement 22.What is the lower age limit for joining the Form.Volunteers under the age of 18 must Habitat Restoration Team? have the parent guardian approval section A.5. B.10. C.15. D.18. signed. 23.What are the volunteers expected to do? We'll be working rain or shine.Wear A.Bring their own tools. clothes that can get dirty.Bring layers for chan- B.Work even in bad weather. ging weather and a raincoat if necessary. C.Wear a team uniform. Bring a personal water bottle,sunscreen, and lunch. D.Do at least three projects. 最新真题分类特训·英语 Passage2(2023新课标I卷，B篇) 题材 一项具有环保价值的发明 一生态设计体裁记叙文词数305建议用时8'难度： When John Todd was a child,he loved to Over the years,John has taken on many big explore the woods around his house,observing jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility how nature solved problems.A dirty stream, that treated sewage(污水)from1,600 homes in for example,often became clear after flowing South Burlington.He also designed an eco-ma- through plants and along rocks where tiny crea- chine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in tures lived.When he got older,John started to southeast China. “Ecological design”is the name John gives wonder if this process could be used to clean up to what he does."Life on Earth is kind of a box the messes people were making. of spare parts for the inventor,”he says.“You After studying agriculture,medicine,and put organisms in new relationships and observe fisheries in college,John went back to observing what's happening.Then you let these new sys- nature and asking questions.Why can certain tems develop their own ways to self-repair. plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)？Which 24.What can we learn about John from the first kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? two paragraphs? With the right combination of animals and A.He was fond of traveling. plants,he figured,maybe he could clean up B.He enjoyed being alone. waste the way nature did.He decided to build C.He had an inquiring mind. what he would later call an eco-machine. D.He longed to be a doctor. The task John set for himself was to re- 25.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? move harmful substances from some sludge A.To feed the animals. )First,he constructed a series of clear fiber- B.To build an ecosystem. glass tanks connected to each other.Then he C.To protect the plants. went around to local ponds and streams and D.To test the eco-machine. brought back some plants and animals.He 26.What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by A.To review John's research plans. little,these different kinds of life got used to B.To show an application of John's idea. one another and formed their own ecosystem. C.To compare John's different jobs. After a few weeks,John added the sludge. D.To erase doubts about John's invention. He was amazed at the results.The plants 27.What is the basis for John's work? and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge A.Nature can repair itself. as food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it B.Organisms need water to survive. had all been digested,and all that was left was C.Life on Earth is diverse. pure water. D.Most tiny creatures live in groups.最新真题分类特训·英语 技巧点拨]代词指代题的解题技巧 50.B主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“In the past,sound 考生在作代词指代题时，首先须分析上下文，确定代词 engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studi- 所指代的对象（人或物）、代词指代的数（可数名词还是 os,but many of today's sound professionals are sharing 不可数名词)。在认真阅读，理解文章中心思想的基础上 their knowledge and experience with professionals in 寻找代词的指代范围。只有明确代词所指代的具体范围 other fields to create new products based on the phe- 才能理清文章的逻辑和上下文的联系。 nomenon we call sound.”可知，在过去，音响工程师在录 26.D推理判断题，根据第四段第一句中“adaptive sig 音室的后室工作，但今天的许多音响专业人士正在与其他 nals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways(造适应信号 领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和经验，以我们所谓的声 灯并不是解决拥堵道路的万能药)”及第二句中“others 音现象为基础创造新产品。结合下文具体内容可知，本文 are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number 着重论述了声音技术领域的发明创造。 of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference. (其他城市交通堵塞如此严重，只有减少道路上的华辆 主题语境3人与自然 才能起有意义的作用)"可推知，Kevin Balke认为适应 1.自然生态 性信号灯对于交通堵塞很严重的城市没有太大帮助。 Passage 1 27.A推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“These lights, [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加 known as adaptive signals,have led to significant de- 卡洛秋季徒步节的几种步行方案，及其日期、起点和步行 clines in both the trouble and cost of travels between 时间等相关细节 work and home.(这些灯，被称为适应性信号灯，已经大 21.D细节理解题。通读全文，根据文章所给出的四种方 大减少了通勤的麻烦和花费)”及最后一段第一句“1n 案中的“Walk Duration(步行时间)”部分比较可知 Bellevue,the switch to adaptive signals has been a les- “Walk4一Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest(步 son in the value of welcoming new approaches.Bel- 行4一基尔布兰尼什森林摄影步行)”的步行时间是1.5 levue,对适应性信号灯的转变是一个在欢迎新方法的 小时，用时最短 价值方面的榜样)”可推知，从Bellevue的成功中可以得 22.A细节理解题。根据文章“Walk3一Moonlight Un 出，尝试新事物是值得的。 der the Stars(步行3一星光下的月光)”部分中的“Those Passage 12 [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些声 who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permis- 音技术领域的发明创造，包括声音可以用作或器的远程声 sion to participate.(穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加.)”可知， 学设备、用来阻止有害声音影响你的静音机以及定向音响 第三种步行方案的参与者需要穿合适的衣服。 技术 23.D细节理解题。根据四种步行方案中的“Date and 46.A推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It produces a deaf Time(日期和时间)”部分比较可知，这四种方案都被安 ening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a per- 排在周末。 son.The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of Passage 2 light and travels only into the ears of that person,but it [语篇解读]文章主要介绍了猫的行为及其背后的原因 is not deadly..”可知它发出震耳欲聋的声音，这种声音 帮助读者更好地理解猫的行为。 令人如此痛苦以至于它会使人暂时丧失能力。LRAD 24.A细节理解题。由第一段内容可知，动物通过不同的 发出的嗓音像光线一样被引导，只进入那个人的耳朵， 叫声表达自己的需求，如求助、驱赶危险动物或寻找住 但不会致命。由此可推知，IRAD会导致暂时性听力 所等，表明和大多数动物一样，猫的叫声也是一种生存 损失。 技能。 47.D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Well,it functions 25,C细节理解题。由第二段内容可知，猫通过嗅觉来评 by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and crea- 估环境和寻我危险的进象，它们会在选择放松的地方 ting a second set of outgoing waves.The two sets of 之前嗅闻特定区域。因此，猫通过嗅觉来评估不同的 waves cancel each other out.Simply turn the machine 情况 on point it at the target,and your peace and quiet comes back..”可知，它的功能是通过分析传入声音的 26.D词义猜测题。由第三段中“Dogs are known for 波，并产生第二组传出的波。这两组波会相互抵消。 their impressive fetching habit,but cats take this be- 只要打开机器对准目标，你的宁静就会回来。由此可 havior up a notch.”以及接下来的描述可知，猫通过带 知，静音机是一种专门设计用来阻止有害声音影响你 回物品给主人来表示爱意，这种行为比狗的取物行为 的设备。 更进一步，即微得更好 48.D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A spotlight 27.B标题归钠题。文章主要介绍了猫的行为及其背后 lights up only one section of a stage;similarly,a'spot- 的原因，帮助读者更好地理解猫的行为，因此最合适的 sound'creates a circle of sound in one targeted area. 标題是“理解你的猫的行为” 可知，聚光灯只能照亮舞台的一个部分：类似地，一个 Passage 3 “spotsound”在一个目标区域创建一个声音图。由此可 [语篇解读]本文是说明文。讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物 知，spotsounds和聚光灯的共同特性是它们可以被定向 种棱复到2000多头，但也带来了一些问题。 到一个特定的区城。 32.A细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grizzly bears,which 49.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A spotlight may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg. lights up only one section of a stage;similarly.a'spot- occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we sound'creates a circle of sound in one targeted area. revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants 可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人的心 and stores because it offers a new way to attract cus- 理中占据着一个矛盾的角落—即使它们给我们带来 tomers.Restaurants can offer a choice of music along 可怕的梦，我们也散畏它们”可知，美国人对灰能既有 with the various food choice on the menu,allowing cus- 害怕，又有放畏，他们的情感是混合的 tomers more control over the atmosphere in which they 33.C推理判斯题。根据第三段最后一句“1n1975,griz are dining,"可知，聚光灯只能照亮舞台的一个部分：类 似地，一个“spotsound”在一个目标区城创建一个声音 zlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. 园。这对餐馆和商店等企业很有用，因为它提供了一 1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》”以及第四段“T0 种吸引顾客的新方式。餐厅可以提供青乐选择与菜单 day.there are about 2.000 or more grizzly bears in the 上的各种食物选择，让顾客更多地控制他们用餐的气 U.S.Their recovery has been so successful that the U. 氛。由此可知，定向音响可以用于不同的商业音乐 S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to 选择。 delist grizzlies.which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted,如今，美国大约有2000 详解详析 只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国 pattern of categories the researchers call a 'nature lan- 鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除 guage'began to emerge.After the coding of all submis- 名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀”可 sions.half a dozen categories were noted most often as 推知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰黛的数量有了 important to visitors.在这320份提交的作品中，一种 增长。 被研究人员称为·自然语言’的分类模式开始出现。在 34.A钿节理解题。根据第四段中“Today,there are 对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对 about 2.000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.Their re- 游客最重要”可知，研究人员对参与者提交的内容进行 covery has been so successful that the U.S.Fish and 了分类，以便在游客的总结中找到模式并确定对游容 Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, 最重要的自然体验。通过这样做，他们能够创造一种 which would loosen legal protections and allow them to “自然语言，”帮助人们认识并参与对他们来说最满意 be hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits 和最有意义的活动。选项D准确地反映了这一目的。 from conservation groups.For now,grizzlies remain 34.C推理判断题。根据第五段内容“N雅ning each nature listed.如今，美国大约有2000只或更多的灰熊。它们 experience creates a usable language,which helps peo- 的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局 ple recognize and take part in the activities that are most 两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法 satisfying and meaningful to them.For example,the 律保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两 experience of walking along the edge of water might be 次提案都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上。”可知，是 satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in 环保组织的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将 the park.Back downtown during a workday,they can en- 灰熊从潮危物种名单上除名」 joy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking 35.B推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Obviously,if pre- along a fountain on their lunch break.命名每一种自然 cautions aren't taken.grizzlies can become trouble- 体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参 some,sometimes killing farm animals or walking 与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如， through yards in search of food.If people remove food 沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在 and attractants from their yards and campsites.grizzlies 周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中 will typically pass by without trouble.Putting electric 心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家 fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal 的互动方式”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造了一种可 quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies 用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与到对自己来说最满 away.'Our hope is to have a clean.attractant-free 意和最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士 place where bears can pass through without learning 参与自然的方式举例说明，去公四时沿着水边散步让 bad habits.'says James Jonkel.longtime biologist who 他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着泉 manages bears in and around Missoula.显然，如果不采 散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可 取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻烦，有时会杀死农场动 以知道一样的自然体验可以以不同的形式星现。 物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如采人们把食物和引诱 35.B推理判断题。根据最后一段“We're trying to generate 剂从他们的院子和露营地移走，灰能通常会安然通过。 a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions 在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动田栏也能 back into our daily lives.And for that to happen.we also 有效地赶走灰能。·我们希望有一个千净，没有诱饵的 need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,'said 地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克 Peter Kahn,a senior author of the study.·我们正试图 尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏拉市及其周围熊的生物 造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的 学家，”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦， 日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自 但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。 然，这样我们才能与它互动，’该研究的资深作者彼 Passage 4 得·卡恩说。”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。城市化的发展让人们 自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然 越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生 Passage 5 自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种 座大型城市公国的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动 会识别形状的凤头购鹅。 可以创造出一种可用的语言，可帮助人们认识和参与最令 24.B细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Though not known 人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼呼保护城市中的野生 to use tools in the wild,the birds have proved skilful at 自然 tool use while kept in the cage.(虽然人们不知道这些 32.B细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balloon 鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里 with growth.access to nature for people living in urban 时就能熟练地使用工具)”以及“the birds were given areas is becoming harder to find.If you're lucky,there five differently shaped 'key'to choose from.Inserting might be a pocket park near where you live,but it's un- the correct'key'would let out the nut.”(研究人员给 usual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.B 了这些乌5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入正 着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难 确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹅 以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可 是通过使用工具从金子里取出坚果的。 能会有一个袖珍公国，但在城市里找到相对天然的地 25.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans,babies 方是罕见的。”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在 can put a round shape in a round hole from around one 城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。 year of age(在人类身上，要儿从一岁左右就可以把一 33.D推理判断题。根据第三段的“They surveyed severa】 个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的河里)”结合选项，可知， hundred park-goers,asking them to submit a written 一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞 summary online of a meaningful interaction they had 里”的任务 with nature in the park.The researchers then examined 26.D推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, these submissions,coding (experiences into dif- according to the researchers,is to try and work out ferent categories.他们调查了数百名公国游客，要求他 whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues,or 们在网上提变一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大 also use a sense of touch in making their shape selec- 自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交 tⅱons.(根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚风 的信息，将体验分为不同的类别。”可知，研究人员按照 头鹦鹅是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择 公园游客提交的在公国里与大自然互动的活动把游客 它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解风头鹦 分类，再根据第四段“Across the320 submissions,a 妈在测试中是否使用触觉。 最新真题分类特训·英语 27.D主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段 Passage 8 "Goffin's cockatoos,a kind of small parrot native to [语篇解读]本文讲述了科学家已经进行了让植物发光的试 Australasia.have been shown to have similar shape 险，并希望在未来取得更大进展，为人们带来益处 recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.(科芬的 32.D主旨大意题。闯读第一段可知，本段通过举 凤头鹦鸿是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹅，它的形状识 例一绿化多的区域犯罪率低：绿植多的办公区城员 别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了 工生产力更高，来说明绿色植物给人们带来的益处。 会识别形状的凤头鹅鹉。D项“Cockatoos:Skilful 33.A如节理解题。根据第二段第二句“These include Shape-Sorters(凤头鹦鹅：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文 plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to 意，最适合作为本文标题。 show when they're short of water and a plant that can Passage 6 detect harmful chemicals in groundwater,可知，sensors [语篇解读]这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了摄影比 可以检测植物是否块水 赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况 34,C细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，发光植物可以减 l.B细节理解题。根据第一段“Take a view,the Land 少远距离揄送而产生的浪费，从而节省能源 scape()Photographer of the Year Award,was the 35.C主旨大意题。本题考查对全文主旨的归纳概括 idea of Charlie Waite,one of today's most respected land- 阅读全文可知，本文讲述的是科学家进行的发光植物 scape photographers.”(Take a view,年度风景摄影师奖 试验，未来发光植物有可能取代电灯，让人们获得更多 是Charlie Waite的主意，他是当今最受尊墩的风景摄影 益处。因此C选项意思最符合本文主旨。 师之一)可知摄影师最有可能参加Take a view。 名师点评]介绍科普知识，培养科学精神 2.A鈿节理解题。根据Mike Shepherd部分“It was an 本篇阅读的选材不仅能让考生了解人与自然和诣发展 extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in 的必要性，同时也能让他们了解到科学家们对于改变环 the air.”(那是一个极其寒冷的冬天的晚上，空气中弥漫 境正在做的研究。这不仅可以促使考生深入思考科技 着冰冷的雾)和Timothy Smith部分“I was back in my 创新在人类生活和发展过程中起到的重要作用，还有利 home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images. 于引导考生发展科学探索精神。 (我回到我的家乡Macclesfield拍摄一些冬季的照片)可 2.环境保护 知Shepherd和Smith的作品的共同之处是它们都是冬 Passage 1 天的景象 「语篇解读]本文主要介绍了一个名为“栖息地恢复小 3.C推断判断题。根据第一段“Each year,the high 队”的公益环保组织，包括该组织的宗旨、志愿者招募要求 standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the 以及最近的活动安排。 perfect platform to showcase the very best photography 2l.C细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Help restore and of the British landscape.Take a viewe is a desirable annu- protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands al competition for photographers from all corners of the to Bolinas Ridge.We'll explore beautiful park sites UK and beyond.”(每年参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项 while conducting invasive(侵入的)plant removal,.win 是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。对于英国 ter planting,and seed collection.Habitat Restoration 和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take a vie心是一项令人向 Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive 往的年度竞赛)结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介 resources and protecting endangered species across the 绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以 ridges and valleys..(帮助恢复和保护从马林海岬到波利 及获奖的相关情况，最可能出现在一本艺术杂志上。 钠斯岭的马林海自然区域。我们将探索美丽的公园场 Passage 7 地，同时进行入侵植物清除、冬季种植和种子改集。栖 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在 息地恢复小组的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和 Port Lympne保护区的部分黑摩牛现状。 山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。)”可 4,D推理判断题。通过文章第一段“she became the40th 知，栖息地族复小纽的目的是保护当地生态系统。 black rhino to be born at the reserve(她成为该保护区出 22.B细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Volunteers aged10and 生的第40头黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“His moth over are welcome,(欢迎l0岁及以上的志愿者，)”可知，参 er,grandmother and great grandmother were all born at 加栖息地恢复小组的最低年龄限制是10岁 the reserve and still live there..(他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母 23.B朝节理解题。根据文章第五段“We'll be working 都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里)”可知，保护区的繁 rain or shine,.(我们将风雨无阻地工作，)”可知，身为志 有计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，这计划是成 愿者，即使天气不好也要工作。 功的 Passage 2 5.C细节理解题。通过文章第二段“She's healthy,strong [语篇解读]这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从 nd already eager to play and explore,(她很健康，很强 小就很爱思考且好学，长大后他建造了一个生态机器，利 壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了)”可知，Paul Beer认为新生 用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水 的原牛身体状况很好。 24.C细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a 6.A节理解题。通过文章第一段“When t小he tiny crea child,he loved to explore the woods around his house, ture arrived on January 31,she became the 40th black observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream, rhino to be born at the reserve,(1月31日，当这头小厘 for example.often became clear after flowing through 牛来到保护区时，她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀 plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When 牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“The first rhino to be born at he got older.John started to wonder if this process Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother could be used to clean up the messes people were mak- Kisima and weighed about32kg.(1月5日，犀牛妈妈 ig.当釣翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子 Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在 周国的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一 Port Lympne,体重约为32公斤)”可知，Solio和Kisima 条航脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往 的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的 往变得清微。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可 7.D推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is too early to 以用来清理人们制造的混乱”以及第二段“After stud tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned ying agriculture.medicine,and fisheries in college. to protected areas of the wild(要判断这些小犀牛是否会 John went back to observing nature and asking ques- 成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推 tions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria 知，Port Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生 )Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemi- 保护区。 cals？在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回 详解详析 到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物 33.D细节理解题。根据第二段“Andrew Reynolds,a 能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？”可 cheerful fellow in his early 30s,pilot Sydney ferryboats 知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强 for a living,(30岁出头的Andrew Reynolds是个快乐 25.D细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks,John 的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生)”、第三段 added the sludge,.几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去”以 “I'll miss these old boats..(我会想念这些旧船的)”以及 及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results.The 第五段“Catamarans are faster,but they're not so ele plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as gant,and they're not fun to pilot..(双体船更快，但它们 food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it had all been 不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣)”可知，渡轮领航员 digested,and all that was left was pure water..他对结 Andrew Reynolds喜欢老式渡船。 果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食 34.A推理判断题。根搭倒教第三段“Shirley Fitzgerald, 物，开始吃起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯 the city's official historian,told me that in its rush to 净的水”可知，约翰把污泥放进蠖子里为了测试生态 modernity in the 1970s,Sydney swept aside much of its 机器 past,including many of its finest buildings.(悉尼的官 26.B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, 方历史学家Shirley Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年 John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a 代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在 greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage ( 了一边，色括许多最漂亮的建筑)”可推知，Shirley Fitz from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also de- gerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。 signed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou.a 35.A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“On the other hand, city in southeast China.这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大 being young and old at the same time has its attrac- 工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设苑，可以处理来自 tions.I considered this when I met a thoughtful young 南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态 businessman named Anthony.(另一方面，同时既年轻 机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水”可推知，作 又古老也有它的魅力。当我遇到一位深思熟虑的年轻 者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。 商人Anthony时，我考虑到了这一点)”以及最后一段 27.A推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in “He is right(他说得没错)”可推知，作者赞同Anthony new relationships and observe what's happening.Then you 的观，点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻文古老。 let these new systems develop their own ways to self-re- Passage 5 pai.你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。Benjamin Von Wong用 让这些断系统自行发展自我修复的方式”可知，约翰工作 回收到的废旧吸管创作艺术作品，目的是提醒人们警惕所 的基础是自然可以自我修复。 生产、消费的塑料垃圾，以及提高人们对改善环境问题的 Passage 3 参与意识。 [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了黄石 28.C细节理解题。题千定位：由题千中的“Von Wong's 国家公园提供的儿项护林员项目。 artworks'”可以定位到第一段“He builds massive sculp 2l.D细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间“Experiencing tures out of plastic garbage"。由“foreing viewers to re Wildlife in Yellowstone May 26 to September 2) examine their relationship to single-use plastic prod- 石体验野生动物(5月26日至9月2日)”和“Junio uCts”可知，他创作出这样的作品是为了迫使观众重新 Ranger Wildlife Olympics(June5 to August21)少年护 审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系。 林员野生动物奥林匹克运动会(6月5日至8月21 误解分析：易误选D项。受到“但是一根塑料吸管或者 日)”与“Canyon Talks at Artist Point(June9 to Septem 个杯子真的有区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王希望 ber2)在Artist Point的峡谷会谈(6月9日至9月2 你们知道它的确如此。”的于扰，并不是为了减少海滩 日)”以及“Photography Workshops(June19&.July 10) 上的垃圾，面是引起人们的重视 摄影研讨会(6月19日和7月10日)”可知，四个项目 29.A推理判断题。题千定位：由题千中的“discuss plastic 中在黄石体验野生动物开始的时间最早 straws in Paragraph3”可知定位到第三段。由“Just9%of 22.D细节理解题。根据文章“Canyon Talks at Artist global plastic waste is recycled.""Plastic straws are by no Point(June9 to September2)在Artist Point的峡谷会 means the biggest source (of plastic pollution,but 谈(6月9日至9月2日)”邮分中的“From a classic they've recently come under fire because most people don't viewpoint.enjoy Lower Falls,the Yellowstone River. need them to drink with and,because of their small size and and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (while weight,they cannot be recveled..”可知，全球塑料废品回收 learning about the area's natural and human history. 率低，人们喝饮料时不需要塑料管，而且由于它们的体积 一个经典的视角，欣赏下瀑布、黄石河和峡谷的壮丽色 和重量，它们不能被回收利用 彩，同时了解该地区的自然和人类历史”可知，在Atis1 误解分析：易误选B项。受到“Von Wong's artwork Poit的简短演讲主题是关于峡谷地区的历史。 likely came from a drink that someone used for only a 23.B钿节理解题。根据文章“Photography Workshops few minutes.”的于扰，误认为这些塑料吸管是有用的。 (June19&,July10)摄影研讨会(6月19日和7月10 30.B推理判断题。由第四段可知，在2018年的一篇文 日)”部分中的“7/10-Wildflowers&.White Balance: 章中，Von Wong想要说明一个具体的统计数据：每60 meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. 秒，一卡车的塑料就会进入海洋。为了拍摄这幅名为 (7fl0一Wildflowers&.White Balance:在奇滕登停车场 《一卡车的塑科》的作品，Von Wong和一群志愿者收集 的Washburn Trailhead举行)”可知，7月10日参加摄 了超过10000块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，看起来就 影研讨会的将在Washburn Trailhead集合。 像是从卡车上一次性扔下来的。故选B。千扰项排除：A Passage 4 项“冷静的”，C项“使人耳目一新的”，D项“具有挑战性 「语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章通过作者和悉尼 的”。由“每60秒，一卡车的塑料就会进入海洋”可知， 人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题。 这件事情是令人不安的。 32.C主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sometime in the early 31.D主旨大意题。本文主要介绍的是Benjamin Von 1960s,a significant thing happened in Sydney.Austral- Wog用回收到的废旧吸管创作艺术作品，目的是提醒 ia.The city discovered its harbor,(20世纪60年代初， 人们警惕所生产、消货的塑料垃圾，以及提高人们对改 澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了它的 善环境问题的参与意识。故选D。干扰项排除：A项 港口)”以及“But it is the harbor that makes the city. “艺术家对塑料安全的看法”，与主题不符：B项“媒体对 (但是是港口造就了城市)”可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼 当代艺术的兴趣”，与主旨相停：C项“要求大公司承担 发展的关键是港口 责任”，太宽泛了。故排除A,BC项。 最新真题分类特训·英语 难句分析 [难句分析 原文：Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of 原文：The problem may be that,in our offices,we can't stop plastic pollution,but they've recently come under fire be ourselves from getting drawn into others'conversations cause most people don't need them to drink with and.be- while we're trying to focus. cause of their small size and weight.they cannot be recy 译文：问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注 cled. 意力时，我们无法阻止自己卷人别人的谈话中。 译文：塑料吸管绝不是塑料污染的最大来源，但是最近它 分析：这是一个主从复合句，包含两个从句：hat引导的表 们受到了押击，因为大多数人不需要它们来喝水，而且由 语从句，whle引导的时间状语从句。本句的主句结构是 于它们的体积和重量很小，它们不能被回收利用 The problem may be.... 分析：这是一个复合句。but和and连接并列分句，第一个 Passage 7 because引导原因状语从句。 [语篇解读]主题语境：人与自然保护水生生物。本 Passage 6 文是一篇说明文。湿地遭到破坏使得水生生物的数量不 语篇解读]本文为说明文，通过实验数据分析了办公室 断减少，意识到这一问题的严重性之后，人们通过了一项 噪音对于办公效率的影响，协作办公有利于集中注意力， 法令来保护湿地，保护水生生物。 有利于创新思维，因此逐渐受到欢迎。 28.A细节理解题。考查考生对具体信息的理解和提取 能力。根据第一段的背景介绍，尤其是最后一句“M lions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,greatly reducing water- fowl habitat.”可知，为了给不断增长的人口腾空间，大 Hesulis nf tin respateh 面积的湿地遭到破坏，使得水禽的栖息地减少，导致了 水禽数量的锐减 29.C词义情测题。考查考生对上下文的理解及词义的 推断能力。由划线词所在句的“Unfortunately”可知，刻 包adranlgo uf生alo四 线词的词义与上文提到的“taken care of'”相反，再结合 下文提到的“Millions of waterfowl were killed at the 32.A细节理解题。题千定位：根据题千中的prefer定位 在第一段第三句。根据That's why I have a member hands of market hunters..”可判断出，decimate与de stroy意义相近，表示“破坏，毁灭” ship at the coworking space across the street-so I can 30.D推理判断题。考查考生推理判断的能力。根据最 「o心u5.可知，采访者之所以成为合作办公空间的会员， 后一段的“Since1934,better than half a billion dollars 是因为他认为这有助于他集中精力，故选A。A项中的 has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million concentrate与focus是同义词。千扰项排除：B项“阻断 acres of habitat..”可推知，l934年通过的这项法令增加了 背景噪音”，C项“创造良好的氛国”，D项“促进面对面 政府的收入，让政府有钱去保护湿地 交流”，均与文章信息不符，应予排除。 31.A标题选择题。考查考生对文章主旨的概括理解能 33.C细节理解题.根据he participants in the70deci 力。本文第一段道过对水禽生存危机的描述引出第二 bels group-those exposed to a level of noise similar to 段的话题Federal Duck Stamp(联邦鸭票)，并对其 background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly out- 具体细节和作用进行了介绍。由此可知，本文的中心 performed the other groups可知，T0分贝测试组的参加 话题是Federal Duck Stamp。 者显然比其他测试组在创新思维测试方面成绩更好，而这 Passage 8 个噪音水平与咖啡馆里的噪声背景相似。 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些生态学家和 误解分析：本题易错选A。考生易根据主观臆断，认为 时装爱好者正试图重振海狸鼠皮毛的市场。 在完全安静的情况下易于集中注意力，有助干创新思 28.A推理判断题。由题千中的the fashion shows in 维，但根据our creative thinking does not differ that New(Orleans and Brooklyn可以定位到第二段.由第 much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of 二段可知，这次不同寻常的时装秀有展示海狸鼠毛皮 background noise可知，创造性思维在完全安静和85分 做成的不同风格的衣服。由此非测这里的时装秀是为 贝的背景噪音下的反应没有太大区别，因此A项是错 了促销让人无负罪感的皮草时装 误的。 29.A细节理解题。由第二段中the nutria are destroying 34.D推理判断题。题千定位：根据题千干中的unwelcome vast wetlands every year可知，海狸鼠每年都在破坏大 定位在第四段第一二句。根据we can't stop ourselves 片的湿地。 from getting drawn into others'conversations while 30.D词义猜测题。由题千中的in paragraph5可以定位 we're trying to focus可知，在开放办公区，人们在努力 到第五段。几十年来，皮毛贸易一直控制着海袒鼠，但 集中精力办公的时候不断卷入其他人的交谈中，由此 是当20世纪80年代后期海担鼠皮毛市场崩溃时，这种猫 判断，他们的注意力不断受到干扰，故选D。千扰项排 一样大小的动物疯狂地禁殖。由下文提到的“腹狂繁殖” 可知，此处应该是“市场崩溃” 除：文章分析了人们不喜欢开放式办公的原因，主要在 3l.B推理判断题。由最后一段中的To give people a 于别人的谈话影响自己集中注意力，而与A项“个人隐 guilt-free option that they can wear without someone 私不能得到保护”，B项“工作空间受限”及C项“小组讨 throwing paint on them可知，让人们穿这种皮毛微的 论受到约束”没有关系，况且文章中没有提及这些信 服装，让他们放下心理压力，知道不会有人往他们身上 息，因此应排除A、B、C三项。 泼油漆。此处说明穿这种服装的人们感觉到有点 35.D推理判断题。极据第一段第一句During an inter 冒险。 view for one of my books,my interviewer said some Passage 9 thing I still think about often.可知，作者曾出版过几本 [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。短文报道了电影“猩球娼 书，由此判断，他是一位出版作家。 起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好菜坞 误解分析：本题易错选B。B项意为“办公室经理”，本 前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人 文介绍了开放办公与合作办公对于工作人员集中注意 猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而 力影响的比较，这是作者援引的一项其他人的研究结 一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象，这让一个非盈 采，不能说明作者的身份是办公室经理。因此B项 利的组织密初关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测 错误。 到的。 详解详析 24.D细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead,one activist, 36.A推理判断题。本题题千意为：进行这项研究Tom dressed in a full-body monkey suit,had arrived with a 的意图是？根据文章第四段Tom has since reported sign praising the filmmakers:Thanks for not using real the shocking findings to the government in an attempt apes！'”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人士来到 to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing 现场，手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作人：“感谢你们 asthma(哮喘).汤姆已经将令人震惊的发现报告给了政 不用真正的猿猴。”所以动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道 府，试图强调，婴儿患哮喘的风险更高。可知Tom研究 是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。 的目的是对健康风险提出警告。 25.B主旨大意题。根据第二段“The creative team be- 37.C推理判断题。本题题千意为：根据文章，哪个词最 hind·Apes’used motion-capture(动作捕捉)technolo- 能描迷汤姆·亨特？根据文章倒数第二段“Tom built gy to create digitalized animals,spending tens of mil- up a passion for environmental protection at a very early lions of dollars on technology that records an actor's age,"Matt added."He became very interested in gadg- performance and later processes it with computer ets(小装置)，About one year ago,he got this new piece graphics to create a final image(图像).”可知，“人猿” of tech which is like a test tube.One Sunday afternoon. 背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在 we went out to do some monitoring,and he said,'why 记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图 don't we put it on Baggy's collar and let her monitor the 形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关 pollution?'So we did it.”“汤母在很小的时候就对环境 于数字化人猿的创造。 保护产生了热情”，马特补充说。“他非常感兴趣的产 26.D词义猜测题。根据第三段刻线前的句子“One non 品（小装置）。大约一年前，他得到了一个类似试管的 profit organization,which monitors the treatment of an 新技术。一个星期天的下午，我们出去做一些监测，他 imals in filmed entertainment'”(一个非营利组织，监控 说，为什么我们不把它裁在B阳ggy的衣领上，让她监测 动物在电影娱乐中的待遇)以及下文Already,anum 污染？于是我们就这么做了，”可知Tom是非常的有创 ber of films,including "Water for Elephants.""The 造力的。 Hangover PartⅡ"and“Zookeeper,.”have drawn the 3.灾害防范 anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them Passage 1 haven't been treated properly..(许多电影，包括“大象的 [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年 眼泪”“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”，引起了动物保护人士的愤 9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里 怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。)由此 的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯 可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密 塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在威胁人们 切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思 安全的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危 是“密切关注” 险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯搭省中东部的 [技巧点拨]根据语境解词义猜测题 农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被 词义猜测题一定要联系上下文，结合语义和逻辑进行综 人工降雨从他们千渴的土地上偷走。 合判断。如本题，考生需要根据划线词所在句的上半句 28.B细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result,since 推测出划线词的含义 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about 27.A推理判断题。根据最后一段“1 n some cases,its 2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a studio that has activists worried:it's the off-set training chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before and living conditions that are raising concerns.And they can grow into dangerous hailstones.(因此，自1996 there are questions about the films made outside the 年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目 States,which sometimes are not monitored as closely as 上花费钓200万美元。飞机在成胁人们安全的风暴中 productions filmed in the States.”(在某些情况下，让活 心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹 动人士担心的并不是电影橱里对动物的待遇：让人担 之前像雨一样落下。)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰 忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍 電的形成 摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电 29.A细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-cen 影那样受到严密的监控。)可知，在某些情况下，让活动 tral Alberta-downwind of the hail project flights-wor- 人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇；令人担忧的 ry that precious moisture (is being stolen from 是训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到 their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔 虑待。 省中东部的农民们担心，·冰雹计划’飞行的下风处，宝 Passage 10 贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。)” [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了13岁的孩 可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。 子Tom Hunt和他的爸爸通过在自己的宽物狗的脖子上戴 30.C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One doubter about 污染监测器来记录地面附近的污染物水平：监测仪显示， the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell,a research 接近地面的空气污染水平更高，这有助于强调婴儿和幼儿 scientist who just retired from the University of Okla- 可能面临更高风险发展肺部问题的担忧 homa.'In 1999.I personally saw significant tornadoes 34.B细节理解题。本题题千意为：她的衣领上戴着监视 (龙卷风)form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,' 器，Baggy可以…，根据文章第二段Baggy wears a Dr.Doswell says.'Does cloud seeding create killer pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data storms or reduce moisture downwind?No one really measurements close to the ground..Bagy在地的衣领 knows,of course,but the seeding goes on,'(查克·多 上戴着污柒监测器，这样地就可以在接近地面的地方 斯书尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学 进行数据测量。可知戴着污染监测器可以记录污染物 家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。·1999年，我 的水平。 在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由于在风暴中心播撒而形成的 35.D推理判断题。本题题千意为：我们从Baggy收集到 重大龙卷风，’多斯韦尔博士说。 ·人工降雨会制造致 的数据中可以了解到什么？根据文章第二段Her mo 命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分？当然，没有人真正知 nitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher clos- 道，但是播撤还在继续。’)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到 er to ground level,which has helped highlight concerns 他在I999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带 that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of de- 来的危险 veloping lung problems..她的监测仅显示，接近地面的 3l.D推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree of 空气污染水平更高，这有助于突显婴儿和幼童屋患肺 doubt,Mr.Stienwand suggests,'it would be wise to 部疾病的风险更高的担忧。可知接近地面的空气污染 stop cloud seeding.In practice,doubt has had the op- 水平更高。 posite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concern- 最新真题分类特训·英语 ing their impacts,no one has succeeded in winning a 40.E由下文“A social connection is often a big part of lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.Hence,private learning.There are things you can do to ease this prob- climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. lem.Jessica Pink,an undergraduate student,suggests (考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，·停止人工降雨是 taking online courses with a friend,so you can motivate 明智的。’在实践中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺 each other to stay on track.You can also find students 乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地藏得了对人 on the class discussion board to organize a study group, 工降雨公司的诉讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对 or schedule in-person meetings with your professor to 合法的安全条件下进行。)”可推知，从最后一段我们能 discuss course concepts.(社会关系通常是学习的重要 推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。 组成部分。你可以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本科 Passage 2 生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程，这样 [语篇解读」本文主要介绍了美国威斯康星州用剩余的 你们就可以互相激励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨 奶酪盐水为道路除冰，并阐述了这种新型除冰方式的利 论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组，或者安排与教授 与弊 L.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Normally,towns use 面对面的会议，讨论课程桃念，)”可知，本空要说跟“人 们之间的互动”有关的话题，故E选项"The chief com rock salt to de-ice streets...Cheese brine has salt in plaint about online courses is that they lack human in- t,,.”可知，奶酪盐水含有盐，可以融化路面结的冰。 teraction.(对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人 2.C推理判断题。根据第四段中的cheese brine could a 之间的互动。)”能引起下文，符合题意。 so be a more ecc)friendly option可知，奶酪盐水更环保 根据第六段中的it can pollute drinking water可知，用岩 Passage 2 盐融化路面结的冰会污染饮用水，而用奶酪盐水可减少 [语篇解读]本文介绍适度饮食，体现了主题语境中的人 水污染。 与自我。 3.D推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As a result,there 36.F前文提到，适度饮食意味着只吃身体需要的食物 was a lot of leftover cheese brine.Disposing of()the 餐后感觉满足但不过量。选项F“对我们大多数人来 brine can be expensive.So what should cheese makers do 说，适度意味着比现在吃得少。”进一步解释了造度饮 with the waste?”及第四段中的“In addition to saving 食的含义，符合语境。 money.cheese brine could also be a more eco-friendly op- 37.C前文提到，吃饭时要慢下来，并把食物看作是营养 tio.”可知，咸斯康星州有很多剩余的奶酪盐水，而用这 而不仅仅是填饱肚子的东西。选项C“不要在去工作的 些刺余的奶酪盐水蛤道路除冰，既可以解决刺余的奶酪盐 路上吞下饭。”提醒人们不要匆忙吃饭，符合语境。 水问题，节约开支，同时也很环保，可谓一举两得。bark up 38.E前文提到，在电脑或电视前独自进食客易导致无意 the wrong tree意为“把方法搞错，走错路线”：put the cart 识的暴饮暴食，建议谨慎选择随手可得的食物。选项E before the horse意为"本末例置”rob Peter to pay Paul意为 “相反，要让自己周围都是健康的选择。”提供了一个具 “借新债还旧账，拆东墙补西墙”：kill two birds with one 体的建议，帮助避免暴饮暴食，符合语境。 stone意为“一石二鸟，一箭双雕，一举两得” 39.B前文提到，情绪进食需要控制。选项B我们并不总 第二部分 阅读理解七选五 是为了满足饥饿而吃。”解释了为什么人们会进行情绪 主题1生活、学习与工作 进食，符合语境。 40。A前文提到，通过学习更健康的情绪管理方法，可以 Passage】 控制饮食和情绪。选项A”一天中要合理饮食。”提供了 「语篇解读]这是一篇议论文。本文探讨了在线学习在 合理饮食的建议，与下文内容紧密衔接，进一步说明了 高等教育中的重要性，分析了其优势和面临的挑战，并提 健康饮食的重要性，符合语境。 出了有效管理在线学习的建议。 Passage 3 36.G由上文“In the past few years,online learning has [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐 become a significant part of the university and college 心的一些方法 experience,(在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生 活的重要组成部分。)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很重要， 36.G根据上文“Here's a riddle:What do traffic jams, 本空要说跟“这种现象的其体表现”有关的话题，故G选项 long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common?There's one answer.这里有一个问题：交通 "A survey found that 29 percent of college students regis- 塘塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案 tered for online courses..(一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册 了在线课程。)”能承接上文，符合题意 只有一个”可知，本句说明上文问题的答案，结合“交通 37.F由上文“But are all online courses created equal☒ 猪塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。 How can you be sure that digital learning is right for 故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点领外的耐 y0山？（但是所有的在线课程都是平等的吗？你如何确 心”符合语境。 定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑 37.E根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits:Re 问，本空可以继续提出疑问，故F选项“If you take an search shows it makes us happier,less stressed and online course,what can you do to ensure the best possi- even more optimistic.感思有很多好处：研究表明，感恩 ble grade?(:果你参加了在线课程，你能做些什么来 让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观”以及后文 确保尽可能好的成绩？)”能承接上文，待合题意。 "Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,'said 38.A由上文“The most obvious advantage of online Ye Li.researcher at the University of California. learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. 大学的研究员叶丽说：‘表达感激可以培养自我控制能 (在线学习最明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习。)”可 力。”可知，上文提到了感思的诸多好处，可知本句继 知，在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习，本 续说明感思的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐 空要说跟“学习时间”有关的话题，故A选项“But that 心。E选项中lt指代上文Thankfulness.。故E选项“它 doesn't mean there aren't deadlines.(但这并不意味着 还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境。 没有最后期限。)”与上文构成转折关系，that指代上一 38.B根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the 句话，符合题意。 habit of waiting is to practice,我们养成等待习惯的唯 39.D由下文“He noted that his online students usually 一方法就是练习.”以及后文“Put off watching your fa end up with lower grades.(他指出，他的在线学生最终 vorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes 的成绩道常较低。)”可知，本空要说跟“在线老师”有关 before going for that cake,把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周 的话题，故D选项“Professor Alex Davidson teaches the 末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕。”可知，后文列举 same course in person and online.Alex Davidson 的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待， 亲自授课和在线授课。)”能引起下文，下文中的He指 故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境。 代D项中的“Alex Davidson教授”，符合题意.