Unit 2 Bridging Cultures【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记•巧练（人教版2019选择性必修第二册）

Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 01 思维导图 阅读词块 1．complex sentences　 　复杂的句子 2．a strict tutor 一位严格的导师 3．cite their ideas 引用他们的观点 4．a cultural messenger 一位文化的信使 5．latest editions 最近的版本 6．culture shock 文化冲击 7．comfort zone 舒适区 8．absolutely overwhelming 绝对压倒性的 9．suffer from homesickness 想家 10．an experienced advisor 一位有经验的顾问 11．after his departure 在他离开后 12．pay attention to the setting 注意背景 13．tremendous pressure 巨大的压力 14．a boom in car sales 汽车销售的剧增 15．gain a global perspective 获得全球视野 16．a cultural envoy 一位文化使者 17．different angles 不同的角度 18．global outlook 全球视野 19．the Belt and Road Initiative “一带一路”倡议 20．consider their parents' budget 考虑他们父母的预算 21．logical connectors 逻辑连接词 22．be positive about the outcome 对结果很乐观 23．recall the past 回顾过去 24．engage in British culture 融入英国文化 25．the law firm 法律事务所 26．insight into the world 对整个世界的洞察力 27．grasp the tones 理解声调 28．living expenses 生活花费 29．a mature student 一位成熟的学生 30．deny the fact 否认这个事实 31．an optimistic person 一个乐观的人 32．gain success 获得成功 33．say sincerely 真诚地说 词汇 拓展 1.qualify vt.& vi. (使)具备资格；(使)合格→qualified adj. 有资格的；称职的→qualification n. (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历 2．ambition n. 追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负→ambitious adj. 有野心的；有雄心的 3．adapt v. (使)适应；改编→adaptation n. 适应；改编本 4．comfort n. 安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸　vt. 安慰；抚慰→comfortable adj. 舒适的；舒服的→uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的；不安的→comfortably adv. 舒服地；舒适地 5．participate vi. 参加；参与→participant n. 参加者；参与者→participation n. 参加；参与 6．present vt. 呈现；提出；颁发；赠送　n. 礼物；现在　adj. 出席的；在场的→presentation n. 报告；陈述；出示；拿出 7．engage vi. 参加；参与(活动)　vt. 吸引(注意力、兴趣)；雇用→engaged adj. 忙于；从事于；已订婚的→engagement n. 订婚；约定 8．motivate vt. 成为……的动机；激发；激励→motivated adj. 积极的；主动的→motivation n. 动力；积极性；动机 9．advise vt.& vi. 建议；劝告→advice n. 建议；忠告→advisor/adviser n. 顾问 10．reason n. 理由；道理　vt.& vi. 推理；推断→reasonable adj. 有道理的；合情理的→reasonably adv. 有道理地；合理地→unreasonable adj. 不合理地；不公平的 11．expect vt. 期望；盼望→expectation n. 期望；预期；期待→unexpected adj. 始料不及的 12．apply vt. 涂；敷；搽；运用　vi. 申请；请求；(对……)适用→application n. 申请→applicant n. 申请人 13．expose vt. 使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境)；揭露→exposure n. 接触；体验；暴露；揭露 14．drama n. 戏剧→dramatic adj. 巨大的；突然的；急剧的；戏剧(般)的→dramatically adv. 戏剧性地；剧烈地 15．behave vt. 表现　vi.& vt. 表现得体；有礼貌→behavio(u)r n. 行为；举止；习性 16．surround v. 包围；环绕→surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的→surroundings n．[pl.] 环境；周围的事物 17．depress vt. 使沮丧；使忧愁→depressed adj. 沮丧的；意志消沉的→depressing adj. 令人沮丧的→depression n. 沮丧；忧愁；不景气 18．strong adj. 强壮的；结实的→strength n. 力气；力量；强项→strengthen vi.& vt. 加强；增强；巩固 19．optimistic adj. 乐观的→optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义→pessimistic adj. 悲观的→pessimism n. 悲观；悲观主义 20．competent adj. 有能力的；称职的→competence n. 能力；胜任；本领 21．cooperate vi. 合作；协作；配合→cooperation n. 合作 22．logic n. 逻辑(学)；道理→logical adj. 合乎逻辑的；合情合理的→logically adv. 逻辑上地 重点 词组 1．set up　　　　　 　 　 建立；设立 2．take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 3．participate in 参加；参与 4．speak up 大声点说；明确表态 5．feel at home 舒服自在；不拘束 6．get involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联 7．to begin with 首先 8．contribute to 导致；有助于 9．cooperate with 与……合作 10．side with 支持；站在……的一边 11．as far as I know 据我所知 12．as far as I am concerned 就我而言；依我看来 13．in summary 总的来说；总之 14．generally speaking 一般来说 15．cost an arm and a leg (使)花一大笔钱 重点 句型 1．It is/was the first/second ...time (that)句型 教材原句 It was the first time that she had left China. 这是她第一次离开中国。 变式练 1．那是我第一次参加交换生项目，那次经历不仅使我开阔了眼界，而且增强了我的信心。 It__was__the__first__time__that__I__had__participated__in__the__exchange__student__program,__which not only broadened my horizons but also strengthened my confidence. 2．疑问词＋不定式 教材原句 “I didn't know what to expect，” Xie Lei recalled. “我不知道会发生什么。”谢蕾回忆道。 变式练 2．不可否认，通过这次活动，我们不仅更好地了解了社会而且学会了如何帮助周围的人。 One cannot deny the fact that through this activity, we not only have a better understanding of the society but also learn how__to__help__people__around__us. 3．be to do 教材原句 “My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation，” she explained.“我的志向是毕业后在中国创办一家企业。”她解释道。 变式练 ①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)What I was to do was fly to Topeka to pick up Tiffy. 我要做的就是飞到Topeka去接Tiffy。 ②(外研版必修1佳句)The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune. 第二天一早我就要去西部赚大钱了。 4.do表示强调 教材原句 A final point to consider is that while studying abroad does have potential benefits, young people who study in China also have a great future to look forward to! 最后要考虑的一点是：尽管留学有诸多潜在的益处，但是在中国读书的年轻人同样未来可期！ 变式练 ①Guzheng does mean great importance to Chinese folk music, leading you to a fantastic world of music. 古筝的确对中国民族音乐很重要，将你带入一个美妙的音乐世界。 ②But, I do remember the first time I heard the sweetest voice in the wide world.但是，我清楚地记得我第一次听到全世界最甜美的声音时的情景。 02 考点速记 核心词汇1.qualification n.(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历 [教材原句]　Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification at a university in China and has come to our university on a year­long exchange programme.谢蕾在中国的一所大学攻读工商管理资格，来我校进行为期一年的交流项目。 (1)acquire/gain/get/obtain/have/hold qualifications获得/取得/得到/拿到/拥有/持有资格 (2)qualify vi.& vt.(使)具备资格；(使)合格 (3)qualified adj.合格的；有资格的 be qualified for sth/to do sth有……的资格；可胜任……/有资格做某事 牛刀小试—单句语法填空 ① I think I am qualified for a volunteer. Please give me a chance. ② I believe that I have qualifications to fit (fit) your position. 写作运用—翻译下列句子　 我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使得我适合报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。 I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along with，which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper. ③ 既然你毕业于重点大学，你就有资格申请这个职位。 →Now that you graduated from a key university, you can have the qualification to apply for the position.(qualification) →Now that you graduated from a key university, you can be qualified to apply for the position.(qualified) 答案：1.for 2.to fit 3.I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along with，which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper. 4.have the qualification to apply for;be qualified to apply for 核心词汇2.adaptation n.适应；改编本；改编 [教材原句]　Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation，Xie Lei chose to live with a host family，who can help with her adaptation to the new culture.虽然一些外国学生住在学校宿舍里，但谢蕾选择跟一个寄宿家庭生活在一起，他们能帮助她适应新的文化。 (1)adapt vi.& vt.(使)适应；改编；改写 adapt/adjust to适应/适合…… adapt/adjust oneself to使自己适应…… (2)adapt...from...根据……改编…… adapt...for把……改写/改编成…… 牛刀小试—单句语法填空 ①Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the adaptation (adapt) of the classic literature yesterday. ②The author is going to adapt his play for television. ③Some kids may not be able to adapt themselves (they) completely to their new surroundings as expected. (2)句式升级/一句多译 ④The director was fully convinced that this moving story, if it was adapted for television, would be a hit. →The director was fully convinced that this moving story, if adapted for television, would be a hit.(改为省略句) 写作运用 ⑤正是文化使得他很难适应国外的新环境。 →It was the culture that made it hard for him to adapt (himself) to the new environment abroad.(adapt) →It was the culture that made it hard for him to adjust (himself) to the new environment abroad.(adjust) 答案：1. adaptation 2. for 3.themselves 4.if adapted for television 5. adapt (himself) to the new environment； adapt (himself) to the new environment 核心词汇3.comfort n. 安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸　vt. 安慰；抚慰→comfortable adj. 舒适的；舒服的→uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的→comfortably adv. 舒服地；舒适地 归纳点拨 •in comfort＝comfortably 舒适地；放松地 be a comfort to/for 对……是一种安慰 to one's comfort 让某人感到安慰的是 •comfort sb for sth 因某事安慰某人 comfort sb with sth 用某物安慰某人 牛刀小试　单句语法填空 ①My ambition is to live comfortably (comfort) in the suburbs of the city in the future. ②The video may be a comfort to/for me when I miss her in the future. 写作运用　完成句子 ③让我感到安慰的是，当我在他的床边表达我的担忧时，我的队友告诉我他信任我。 To__my__comfort,__as I expressed my concern by his bed, my teammate told me that he trusted me. ④看到我不舒服，爸爸站起来，走到我跟前，把我揽入怀中并用鼓舞人心的话安慰我。Seeing__I__was__uncomfortable,__my father rose to his feet, came up to me and gathered me into his arms to comfort__me__with__inspiring__words． 答案：1. comfortably 2.to/for 3.To my comfort 4.Seeing I was uncomfortable；comfort me with inspiring words 核心词汇4　engage vi.参加；参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣) ①That gets people more engaged (engage) in the experience, and they tend to enjoy it more. ②The program aims to encourage students to engage themselves in making a difference in society. ③Explorers Camp organizes engaging (engage) arts, history and science-related activities in every class. ④He is currently engaged as a consultant. (1)engage sb./oneself in ... 使某人/自己参与…… engage sb.in sth. 使某人加入/忙于某事 engage sb. to do sth. 聘请某人做某事 engage sb. as ... 雇用某人作为…… (2)engaged adj. 忙于；从事于；使用中的 be engaged in sth. 忙于某事 be engaged to sb. 与某人订婚 (3)engaging adj. 有趣的；令人愉快的；迷人的 牛刀小试———(单句语法填空)　 ①That gets people more engaged (engage) in the experience, and they tend to enjoy it more. ②The program aims to encourage students to engage themselves in making a difference in society. ③Explorers Camp organizes engaging (engage) arts, history and science-related activities in every class. ④He is currently engaged as a consultant. 写作运用 ⑤尽管忙于学习，你也应该抽出一些时间来参加户外运动。(应用文写作之建议信) Although you are__engaged__in__your__study,__you should set aside some time to engage__(yourself)__in__outdoor__activities．(状语从句) ＝Although engaged__in__your__study,__you should set aside some time to engage__(yourself)__in__outdoor__activities．(分词短语作状语) 答案：1.engaged 2.in 3.engaging 4. as 5.are engaged in your study；engage (yourself) in outdoor activities； engaged in your study；engage (yourself) in outdoor activities 核心词汇5.involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加 [教材原句]　As well as studying hard, I've been involved in social activities. 除了努力学习，我还参加了社会活动。 (1)involve sb in...使某人参与；使某人介入 involve (doing) sth包含/需要(做)某事 (2)involved adj.参与的；投入的；涉及的 be/become/get involved in涉及；卷入；参与 (3)involvement n.参与；投入，沉迷 牛刀小试 ①She's very conscious of the problems involved (involve)． ②Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involved spending (spend) quite a lot of time with students. 写作运用　 ③在线投票变得越来越流行，很多比赛让人们都参与了进来。 Online voting becomes increasingly popular, and many competitions get people involved in it. ④得知你们欢迎来自不同国家的学生，我想参加这次夏令营。(应用文写作之申请信) Learning that you welcome students from different countries, I'd like to involve__myself__in/be__involved__in__the__summer__camp． 答案:1.involved 2. spending 3.Online voting becomes increasingly popular, and many competitions get people involved in it. 4.involve myself in/be involved in the summer camp 核心词汇6.participation n．参加；参与 [教材原句]Xie Lei also found many courses included students' participation in class as part of the final result. 此外，谢蕾发现很多课程的最终成绩都包含学生的课堂参与。 [归纳点拨] (1)participate vi.　　参加；参与 participate with sb.in sth.与某人分担某事；同某人一起参与某事 participate in (doing) sth. 参加/参与(做)某事 (2)participant n. 参加者；参与者 牛刀小试　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ①The first Winter Olympic Games took place in 1924.It had a modest participation (participate) of only 258 athletes from 16 countries. ②As far as I know, he has been an active participant (participate) in the discussion. ③You should participate with your friend in his sufferings. ④For all the participants,__the activity is a good opportunity and the participation in the activity will further strengthen your overall competence. (participate) 写作运用　完成句子 ⑤为了提高户外活动的参与度，我们学校将于9月10日组织攀登泰山的活动。我写信真诚地邀请你与我们一起参加这个活动。(应用文写作之邀请信) In__order__to__increase__the__participation__in__out-door__activities,__our school will organize an activity—climbing Mountain Tai on September 10. I am writing to sincerely invite you to participate__with__us__in__the__activity． 答案：1.participation 2.participant 3.with；in 4.participants;participation; 5.In order to increase the participation in out-door activities;participate with us in the activ 核心词汇7．motivated adj.积极的；主动的 [教材原句]I became more motivated, and I'm also a lot more ambitious now! 我变得更积极了，现在我也更有雄心了！ [归纳点拨] (1)motivate vt.　 成为……的动机；激发；激励 motivate sb.to do sth. 激励某人做某事；促使某人做某事 (2)motivation n. 动力；积极性；动机 牛刀小试　 (单句语法填空) ①Competitions can motivate a student to seek (seek) more knowledge. ②A highly motivated (motivate) child can learn almost anything. ③Repeated success leads to increased motivation (motivate)． 写作运用 ➃We need a dynamic team leader who can really motivate the members to work harder. 我们需要一个充满活力的团队领导者，他能真正激励团队成员更加努力地工作。 答案：1.to seek 2.motivated 3.motivation 4. motivate the members to work harder 核心词汇8．expose vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境) [归纳点拨] (1)expose ...to ...　　 使……暴露于……； 使……接触…… be exposed to 暴露于；接触 (2) exposure n. 接触；体验；暴露；揭露 牛刀小试 ①We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information, hobbies and skills. ②We are exposed (expose) to an overwhelming number of chemicals every day in our air, water and food. ③There is convincing evidence of a link between exposure (expose) to sun and skin cancer. 写作运用 ④当你来到中国，你可以接触到中国的语言和文化。(应用文写作之邀请信) When you come to China, you can be__exposed__to/expose__yourself__to the Chinese language and the Chinese culture. ⑤If you expose yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer, you will get sunburnt. →Exposing__yourself__to__the__sunlight__for__a__long__time__in__summer,__you will get sunburnt.(现在分词短语作状语) →Exposed__to__the__sunlight__for__a__long__time__in__summer,__you will get sunburnt.(过去分词短语作状语) 答案：1.to 2.exposed 3.exposure 4. be exposed to/expose yourself to 5.Exposing yourself_ to__the sunlight for a long time in summer；Exposed to the sunlight for a long time in summer 核心词汇9 grasp vt.理解；领会；抓紧；抓牢 n．抓；紧握；理解(力)；领会 [教材原句]Well, I suppose it was difficult to grasp the tones at first. 嗯，我认为一开始是很难掌握音调的。 [归纳点拨] (1)grasp that/wh-从句　　　　 理解…… grasp sb.by the hand/arm 抓住某人的手/手臂 grasp a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会 grasp at sth. 尽力抓住某物 (2)have a grasp of sth. 理解某事 beyond one's grasp 超出某人的理解能力 注意：　grasp同catch一样，由“抓住”可引申为“理解，明白，掌握”。 牛刀小试　——单句语法填空 ①He grasped her firmly by the arm. ②She grasped at his coat as he rushed past her. ③How come you have such a good grasp of English? 写作运用（翻译下列句子） ➃众所周知，我们在生活中的成功取决于我们抓住呈现在面前的机会的决心。 As is well known, our success in life depends on our determination to grasp opportunities that are presented to us. ⑤他们对这门外语掌握得很好。 They have a good grasp of the foreign language. 答案：1.by 2.at 3.of 4.As is well known, our success in life depends on our determination to grasp opportunities that are presented to us. 5.They have a good grasp of the foreign language. 核心句式10．It is/was the first time (that) ... 这是某人第一次…… [教材原句]It was the first time that she had left China. 这是她第一次离开中国。 归纳点拨 (1)句式“It/This/That＋was＋the first/second/ ...time (that)＋过去完成时”表示“第一/第二……次……”。 (2)“It/This/That＋is＋the first/second/ ...time (that)＋现在完成时”表示“第一/第二……次……”。 (3)It is/was (about/high) time (that) sb should do sth./did sth.意为“到了某人该做某事的时间了”。相当于It is/was time for sb.to do sth.。 　　 牛刀小试　(完成句子) ①The teacher criticized him, because it was the second time that he had made the same mistake. 老师批评了他，因为这是他第二次犯同样的错误。 ②This is the first time that I have written an application and the personal résumé, so I don't know if there is something to pay attention to. 这是我第一次写申请书和个人简历，因此我不知道是否有什么需要注意的。 ③It is high time that we took/should take effective measures to control the environment pollution. 到了我们该采取有效措施控制环境污染的时候了。 答案：1. the second time that he had made 2.the first time that I have written 3. we took/should take effective measures 核心句式11. 疑问词＋动词不定式 [教材原句]“I didn't know what to expect，” Xie Lei recalled. “我不知道会发生什么，”谢蕾回忆道。 归纳点拨 what to expect是“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，在句中作know的宾语，相当于一个宾语从句。疑问词what, which, whom, who, where, when, how等加不定式结构可以作主语、宾语和表语。 　　　 牛刀小试　(完成句子) ①The experts are debating how to solve the mystery of the Amber Room's disappearance. 专家们正在讨论如何解开琥珀屋消失之谜。 ②随着他们流露出极强的兴趣，我开始教他们如何泡中国茶。 With their interest greatly sparked, I began to teach them how__to__make__Chinese__tea． ③我们很幸运地从一些著名运动员那里得到了关于如何提高我们的技能和强身健体的好建议。 We've been fortunate to have got good advice from some famous athletes on_how_to_improve_our_skills_and_build_up_our_body. 答案：1.how to solve 2.how to make Chinese tea 3.on how to improve our skills and build up our body 核心句式12. The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought! 她第一次写论文时，导师跟她解释说，如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明，不过导师主要是想知道她自己是怎么想的。 句型公式|the first time (that) 句中the first time引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……”。类似句式还有the last/next time...意为“上次/下次……”。除此之外，any time/every time/each time/the moment/the instant/the minute等都可以充当连词，引导时间状语从句。 牛刀小试　(完成句子) ① The first time I interviewed him，he looked a bit nervous. 我第一次采访他时，他看起来有点紧张。 ② Every time you make coffee, dry the leftover coffee grounds. 每次煮咖啡时，把剩下的咖啡渣擦干。 ③ I knew that the next time I saw my nephew，he would be talking and walking. 我知道，下次我见到我的侄子时，他就会说话，会走路了。 答案：1. The first time 2. Every time 3. the next time 核心句式13.At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. 刚开始，谢蕾不知道该说什么。但使她惊奇的是，没过几周，她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。 句型公式|find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 (1)“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构意为“发现某人/某物处于某种状况中”，其中宾语补足语可以为名词、形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词等。 (2)如果find的宾语是动词不定式或从句，而其后有宾语补足语时，习惯上用形式宾语it来代替，并把真正的宾语放在后面。 牛刀小试（单句语法填空） ①I suddenly found myself running (run) down the street. 我不知不觉地突然在街上跑了起来。(表示主动和正在进行) ② I found myself surrounded (surround) by a group of children. 我发现自己被一群孩子围住了。(表示被动和完成) 写作运用 ③ While working in the farmyard, I found it very hard to work in the fields under a hot sun. 当我在农田里干活的时候，我发现在烈日下干农活是很艰辛的。 答案：1. running 2.surrounded 3.found it very hard to work in the fields 03 素养提升 语法释析　复习名词性从句 思维导图 做题模式提炼 主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句等在整个句子中的作用相当于名词，故将它们统称为名词性从句。在名词性从句中，一般连词(that、whether、if等)只起连接作用，在句中不作成分；连接代词(who、what、which、whom等)常作主语、宾语、表语等，而连接副词(when、where、how、why等)常作状语，表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。 一、主语从句 1．主语从句的注意事项 用作主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句要用陈述句语序。 (1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。 That she finished reading an English novel surprised us all. 她读完了一部全英文小说让我们大吃一惊。 (2)主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，而不用if。 Whether she will come to the party makes no difference. 她来不来参加聚会都没有关系。 2．it作形式主语 有时可用it作形式主语，而将主语从句置于句末。用it作形式主语的常见结构有： (1)It be＋名词(词组)＋that从句 常见的名词(词组)有：fact, pity, shame, common, knowledge, question等。 It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 英语正在被人们接受为一种国际语言，这是一个事实。 It is common knowledge that swimming is one of the best forms of exercise. 大家都知道游泳是最好的锻炼方式之一。 (2)It be＋形容词＋that从句 常见的形容词有：natural, important, strange, unclear, uncertain等。 It is natural that mothers love their children. 母亲爱自己的孩子是天生的。 It is strange that he should go in the opposite direction. 真奇怪，他朝相反的方向走了。 (3)It＋不及物动词＋that从句 常见的不及物动词有：seem, appear, happen等。 It seems that the fifth man is one John Cairncross. 第五位好像是一个名叫约翰·凯恩克罗斯的人。 It happened that the two cheats were there. 两个骗子碰巧在那里。 (4)It be＋过去分词＋that从句 常见的过去分词有：announced, believed, reported, said, proved等。 It is reported that some modern monks are using computers. 有报道说有些现代和尚在使用计算机。 It has been proved that pride goes before a fall. 事实证明骄必败。 名师点津 　当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用if或whether引导均可，但如果后置的主语从句的引导词后面接or not时，只能用whether。 小试牛刀 单句语法填空 ①________ I have seen today has made a very deep impression on me. ②________ is a pity that their performance in this big event didn't live up to our expectations. ③________ teachers can be replaced by AI is discussed on the newspaper. ④________ the new road is open to traffic hasn't been made clear. ⑤________ they are going to invite is uncertain. 答案：①What　②It　③Whether　④When　⑤Whom 二、表语从句 1．表语从句的注意事项 用作表语的从句叫表语从句。 (1)if不能引导表语从句。 (2)that引导表语从句时不能省略。 My advice is that you should go to apologize to him. 我的建议是你应该去向他道歉。 2．as if/though引导表语从句 as if/though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极有可能发生的情况，则从句用陈述语气。 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. 当铅笔一部分放进水里时，它看起来好像折断了似的。(虚拟语气) You look as though you are friends. 你们看起来像是朋友。(陈述语气) 3．其他常见的表语从句 (1)This/That is/was why ... (表示结果)“这/那就是……的原因”(why引导表语从句)。 Tom overslept this morning. That is why he was late for work. 汤姆今天早晨睡过头了。那是他上班迟到的原因。 (2)The reason why ... is/was that ... (表示原因)“……的原因是……”(why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句)。 The reason why he was late was that he missed the early bus. 他迟到的原因是他没赶上早班车。 小试牛刀 单句语法填空 ①All he's worried about is ________ she is right. ②The time to repair the roof is ________ the sun is shining. ③The question remains ________ they will be able to help us. ④My suggestion is ________ the work be started at once. ⑤The question is ________ will handle the tough problem. 答案：①whether　②when　③whether　④that ⑤who 三、宾语从句 1．宾语从句的注意事项 用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 (1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省略，但下列情况下that不能省略： ①动词后有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的that不可省略。 He said (that) the book was very interesting and that all the children like to read it. 他说那本书很有趣，所有小孩都喜欢读。 ②宾语从句前有插入语时。 We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们待在家里。 ③that引导的宾语从句位于句首时。 That he will come, I believe. 我相信他会来。 (2)一般情况下介词后常用wh­类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只能用whether，不能用if。 Everything depends on whether you agree with us. 一切取决于你跟我们意见是否一致。 2．it作形式宾语 宾语从句一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是在下列用法下，常用到形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句后置。 (1)动词find/feel/think/make/consider等＋it＋宾补＋从句。 He thinks it important that we try to do some housework after school. 他认为我们放学后试着做一些家务是重要的。 (2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy等＋it＋从句。 I don't like it that he's so lazy. 我不喜欢他那么懒惰。 We would appreciate it if you can come here. 如果你能来这里我们将非常感激。 (3)动词短语see to＋it＋从句。 Would you see to it that she gets home early? 你负责保证她早到家，好吗？ (4)固定搭配take it for granted that ... 认为……理所当然/owe it to sb that ... 把……归功于。 We owe it to you that there wasn't a serious accident. 多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。 小试牛刀 单句语法填空 ①I can't remember ________ idea it was for us to meet again. ②He asked the boss ________ he could have a day off. ③I have found out ________ all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. ④We should investigate ________ happened and what went wrong. ⑤I think it important ________ we should keep calm. 答案：①whose　②whether　③that　④what　⑤that 一.单句语法填空 1．I had no idea about ________ I'd find there. 答案：what 2．The technology could determine ________ a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands­free driving laws. 答案：whether 3．It is believed ________ today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease. 答案：that 4．What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas. 答案：why 5．It is obvious ________ they all look unhappy today. 答案：that 单元写作——正反观点辩论信 本单元的写作任务是应用文写作，主题为正反观点辩论信。关于此类型的应用文，写作时应注意以下几点： 1．词汇选择要注意。在抒发观点的写作中，要格外注意：不要选择语言色彩过于激烈或者不礼貌、带有攻击性的词汇。 2．衔接过渡要自然。在一篇作文中要呈现两种观点，在结构、格式及过渡词汇、句子的使用上要格外用心。 3．句式使用要多样。文中应尽可能多地使用不同的句式，这样可以在表达两种观点时，不让读者感到疲倦。 4．结构布局要合理。写作时往往从正反两方面来论证，可以遵循“主题句——正面论述——反面论述——结论”四个步骤去构建文章。 模板提炼 题目：Advantages and disadvantages of ________ (引出话题或讨论对象) 第一段：Recently, an increasing number of ambitious students ________ (去做某事), which in fact has many advantages and disadvantages. 第二段：It does have some positive sides as follows. To begin with, ________ (优势一). Besides, ________ (优势二)． 第三段：However, it also has some disadvantages. ________ (劣势一). And ________ (劣势二)． 末段：As far as I'm concerned, ________ (个人观点)． 充盈语料库 ※开头常用句式 1．It is universally acknowledged that digital communication is becoming more and more important. 人们普遍认为数字化沟通越来越重要。 2．Each member weighed in with their own opinion. 成员各自提出了自己的观点。 3．Everyone has an opinion on the subject. 大家对这个问题都有自己的看法。 ※主体段落常用句式 1．There is a wide body of opinion that supports this proposal. 支持这项提议的大有人在。 2．Just as a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides.” 常言道：“事物都有两面性。” 3．However, teaching the class in two languages will make the English atmosphere not so strong. 然而，用两种语言授课会使英语氛围不那么强烈。 4．I don't think the rule holds in traffic court. 我认为这条规则在交通法庭上不适用。 5．I would argue that break time is our only opportunity to choose what we want to do. 我认为休息时间是我们唯一的机会来选择我们想要做的事情。 6．Some people hold the idea that summer holiday is so long that students don't know how to schedule their time properly. 一些人认为，暑假太长了，学生不知道如何合理安排时间。 ※结尾常用句式 1．As far as I'm concerned, I think that it's not beneficial to carry mobile phones to school. 依我之见，我认为带手机到学校没有益处。2.In conclusion, the latter is surely a wise choice. 总之，后者的确是个明智的选择。 3．If you share the same view, then you should read this book. 如果你也持有同样的观点，那你也该读读这本书。 典例训练 (2024·重庆市长寿中学校高二上学期期中考试)面对中学生“出国热”，人们对此有不同的看法。请你以“Studying Abroad”为题，根据下表所提供的信息，谈谈自己的看法。 优点 缺点 1.传播各民族间的不同文化； 2．拓宽视野，学习国外先进的科学技术； 3．良好的语言环境，更利于语言的学习。 1.年纪小，缺乏生活经验，自立能力差； 2．情感孤独，思乡； 3．学习生活费用高。 　　注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Studying Abroad 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [精彩范文] Studying Abroad In recent years, studying abroad has been popular. Tens of thousands of Chinese students have gone to foreign countries to study. Many people are trying their best to apply to go abroad. There are many advantages in attending schools abroad. First, students who have studied abroad can act as mediators between people of different cultures. Second, they can learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries. Third, they can learn foreign languages more quickly. However, there are some disadvantages. Most of the students are too young to live by themselves without any living experience. Besides, being far away from their home country, they may feel lonely and homesick. And the costs are much. In my opinion, students should decide whether to go abroad or not based on their own situation. 第二单元 XXXX 01 思维导图 02 考点速记 03 素养提升 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 01 思维导图 阅读词块 1．complex sentences　 　 2．a strict tutor 　 3．cite their ideas 　 4．a cultural messenger 　 5．latest editions 　 6．culture shock 　 7．comfort zone 　 8．absolutely overwhelming 　 9．suffer from homesickness 　 10．an experienced advisor 　 11．after his departure 　 12．pay attention to the setting 　 13．tremendous pressure 　 14．a boom in car sales 　 15．gain a global perspective 　 16．a cultural envoy 　 17．different angles 　 18．global outlook 　 19．the Belt and Road Initiative 　 20．consider their parents' budget 　 21．logical connectors 　 22．be positive about the outcome 　 23．recall the past 　 24．engage in British culture 　 25．the law firm 　 26．insight into the world 　 27．grasp the tones 　 28．living expenses 　 29．a mature student 　 30．deny the fact 　 31．an optimistic person 　 32．gain success 　 33．say sincerely 　 词汇 拓展 1.qualify vt.& vi. (使)具备资格；(使)合格→ 　 adj. 有资格的；称职的→ 　 n. (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历 2．ambition n. 追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负→ 　 adj. 有野心的；有雄心的 3．adapt v. (使)适应；改编→ 　 n. 适应；改编本 4．comfort n. 安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸　vt. 安慰；抚慰→ 　 adj. 舒适的；舒服的→ 　 adj. 不舒服的；不安的→ 　 adv. 舒服地；舒适地 5．participate vi. 参加；参与→ 　 n. 参加者；参与者→ 　 n. 参加；参与 6．present vt. 呈现；提出；颁发；赠送　n. 礼物；现在　adj. 出席的；在场的→ 　 n. 报告；陈述；出示；拿出 7．engage vi. 参加；参与(活动)　vt. 吸引(注意力、兴趣)；雇用→ 　 adj. 忙于；从事于；已订婚的→ 　 n. 订婚；约定 8．motivate vt. 成为……的动机；激发；激励→ 　 adj. 积极的；主动的→ 　 n. 动力；积极性；动机 9．advise vt.& vi. 建议；劝告→ 　 n. 建议；忠告→ 　 n. 顾问 10．reason n. 理由；道理　vt.& vi. 推理；推断→ 　 adj. 有道理的；合情理的→ 　 adv. 有道理地；合理地→ 　 adj. 不合理地；不公平的 11．expect vt. 期望；盼望→ 　 n. 期望；预期；期待→ 　 adj. 始料不及的 12．apply vt. 涂；敷；搽；运用　vi. 申请；请求；(对……)适用→ 　 n. 申请→ 　 . n. 申请人 13．expose vt. 使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境)；揭露→ 　 n. 接触；体验；暴露；揭露 14．drama n. 戏剧→ 　 adj. 巨大的；突然的；急剧的；戏剧(般)的→ 　 adv. 戏剧性地；剧烈地 15．behave vt. 表现　vi.& vt. 表现得体；有礼貌→ 　 n. 行为；举止；习性 16．surround v. 包围；环绕→ 　 adj. 周围的；附近的→ 　 n．[pl.] 环境；周围的事物 17．depress vt. 使沮丧；使忧愁→ 　 adj. 沮丧的；意志消沉的→ 　 adj. 令人沮丧的→ 　 n. 沮丧；忧愁；不景气 18．strong adj. 强壮的；结实的→ 　 n. 力气；力量；强项→strengthen vi.& vt. 加强；增强；巩固 19．optimistic adj. 乐观的→ 　 n. 乐观；乐观主义→ 　 adj. 悲观的→ 　 n. 悲观；悲观主义 20．competent adj. 有能力的；称职的→ 　 n. 能力；胜任；本领 21．cooperate vi. 合作；协作；配合→ 　 n. 合作 22．logic n. 逻辑(学)；道理→ 　 adj. 合乎逻辑的；合情合理的→ 　 adv. 逻辑上地 重点 词组 1． 　 　　　　　 　 　 建立；设立 2． 　 轮流做某事 3． 　 参加；参与 4． 　 大声点说；明确表态 5． 　 舒服自在；不拘束 6． 　 参与；卷入；与……有关联 7． 　 首先 8． 　 导致；有助于 9． 　 与……合作 10． 　 支持；站在……的一边 11． 　 据我所知 12． 　 就我而言；依我看来 13． 　 总的来说；总之 14． 　 一般来说 15． 　 (使)花一大笔钱 重点 句型 1．It is/was the first/second ...time (that)句型 教材原句 It was the first time that she had left China. 这是她第一次离开中国。 变式练 1．那是我第一次参加交换生项目，那次经历不仅使我开阔了眼界，而且增强了我的信心。 　 　 　 　 ,__which not only broadened my horizons but also strengthened my confidence. 2．疑问词＋不定式 教材原句 “I didn't know what to expect，” Xie Lei recalled. “我不知道会发生什么。”谢蕾回忆道。 变式练 2．不可否认，通过这次活动，我们不仅更好地了解了社会而且学会了如何帮助周围的人。 One cannot deny the fact that through this activity, we not only have a better understanding of the society but also learn 　 　 . 3．be to do 教材原句 “My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation，” she explained.“我的志向是毕业后在中国创办一家企业。”她解释道。 变式练 ①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)What I 　 was fly to Topeka to pick up Tiffy. 我要做的就是飞到Topeka去接Tiffy。 ②(外研版必修1佳句)The next morning I 　 for the West to make my fortune. 第二天一早我就要去西部赚大钱了。 4.do表示强调 教材原句 A final point to consider is that while studying abroad does have potential benefits, young people who study in China also have a great future to look forward to! 最后要考虑的一点是：尽管留学有诸多潜在的益处，但是在中国读书的年轻人同样未来可期！ 变式练 ①Guzheng 　 great importance to Chinese folk music, leading you to a fantastic world of music. 古筝的确对中国民族音乐很重要，将你带入一个美妙的音乐世界。 ②But, I 　 the first time I heard the sweetest voice in the wide world.但是，我清楚地记得我第一次听到全世界最甜美的声音时的情景。 02 考点速记 核心词汇1.qualification n.(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历 [教材原句]　Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification at a university in China and has come to our university on a year­long exchange programme.谢蕾在中国的一所大学攻读工商管理资格，来我校进行为期一年的交流项目。 (1)acquire/gain/get/obtain/have/hold qualifications 　 　 (2)qualify vi.& vt.(使)具备资格；(使)合格 (3)qualified adj.合格的；有资格的 be qualified for sth/to do sth 　 牛刀小试—单句语法填空 ① I think I am qualified a volunteer. Please give me a chance. ② I believe that I have qualifications (fit) your position. 写作运用—翻译下列句子　 我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使得我适合报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 . ③ 既然你毕业于重点大学，你就有资格申请这个职位。 →Now that you graduated from a key university, you can 　 　 the position.(qualification) →Now that you graduated from a key university, you can 　 　 the position.(qualified) 核心词汇2.adaptation n.适应；改编本；改编 [教材原句]　Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation，Xie Lei chose to live with a host family，who can help with her adaptation to the new culture.虽然一些外国学生住在学校宿舍里，但谢蕾选择跟一个寄宿家庭生活在一起，他们能帮助她适应新的文化。 (1)adapt vi.& vt.(使)适应；改编；改写 adapt/adjust to 　 　 adapt/adjust oneself to 　 　 (2)adapt...from... 　 　 adapt...for把…… 　 　 牛刀小试—单句语法填空 ①Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the 　 (adapt) of the classic literature yesterday. ②The author is going to adapt his play 　 television. ③Some kids may not be able to adapt 　 (they) completely to their new surroundings as expected. (2)句式升级/一句多译 ④The director was fully convinced that this moving story, if it was adapted for television, would be a hit. →The director was fully convinced that this moving story, 　 　 , would be a hit.(改为省略句) 写作运用 ⑤正是文化使得他很难适应国外的新环境。 →It was the culture that made it hard for him to 　 　 abroad.(adapt) →It was the culture that made it hard for him to 　 　 abroad.(adjust) 核心词汇3.comfort n. 安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸　vt. 安慰；抚慰→comfortable adj. 舒适的；舒服的→uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的→comfortably adv. 舒服地；舒适地 归纳点拨 •in comfort＝comfortably 　 　 be a comfort to/for 　 　 to one's comfort 　 　 •comfort sb for sth 　 　 comfort sb with sth 　 　 牛刀小试　单句语法填空 ①My ambition is to live 　 (comfort) in the suburbs of the city in the future. ②The video may be a comfort 　me when I miss her in the future. 写作运用　完成句子 ③让我感到安慰的是，当我在他的床边表达我的担忧时，我的队友告诉我他信任我。 　,__as I expressed my concern by his bed, my teammate told me that he trusted me. ④看到我不舒服，爸爸站起来，走到我跟前，把我揽入怀中并用鼓舞人心的话安慰我。 　 　,__my father rose to his feet, came up to me and gathered me into his arms to 　 　． 核心词汇4　engage vi.参加；参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣) (1)engage sb./oneself in ... 使某人/自己参与…… engage sb.in sth. 使某人加入/忙于某事 engage sb. to do sth. 聘请某人做某事 engage sb. as ... 雇用某人作为…… (2)engaged adj. 忙于；从事于；使用中的 be engaged in sth. 忙于某事 be engaged to sb. 与某人订婚 (3)engaging adj. 有趣的；令人愉快的；迷人的 牛刀小试———(单句语法填空)　 ①That gets people more 　 (engage) in the experience, and they tend to enjoy it more. ②The program aims to encourage students to engage themselves 　 making a difference in society. ③Explorers Camp organizes 　 (engage) arts, history and science-related activities in every class. ④He is currently engaged as a consultant. 写作运用 ⑤尽管忙于学习，你也应该抽出一些时间来参加户外运动。(应用文写作之建议信) Although you 　 　,__you should set aside some time to 　 　．(状语从句) ＝Although 　 　,__you should set aside some time to 　 　．(分词短语作状语) 核心词汇5.involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加 [教材原句]　As well as studying hard, I've been involved in social activities. 除了努力学习，我还参加了社会活动。 (1)involve sb in... 　 　 involve (doing) sth 　 　 (2)involved adj. 　 　 be/become/get involved in 　 　 (3)involvement n. 　 　 牛刀小试 ①She's very conscious of the problems 　 (involve)． ②Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involved 　 (spend) quite a lot of time with students. 写作运用　 ③在线投票变得越来越流行，很多比赛让人们都参与了进来。 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　④得知你们欢迎来自不同国家的学生，我想参加这次夏令营。(应用文写作之申请信) Learning that you welcome students from different countries, I'd like to 　 　 　 ． 核心词汇6.participation n．参加；参与 [教材原句]Xie Lei also found many courses included students' participation in class as part of the final result. 此外，谢蕾发现很多课程的最终成绩都包含学生的课堂参与。 [归纳点拨] (1)participate vi.　 　 　 participate with sb.in sth. 　 　 participate in (doing) sth. 　 　 (2)participant n. 　 　 牛刀小试　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ①The first Winter Olympic Games took place in 1924.It had a modest 　 　 (participate) of only 258 athletes from 16 countries. ②As far as I know, he has been an active 　 　 (participate) in the discussion. ③You should participate 　 　 your friend 　 　 his sufferings. ④For all the 　 　 ,__the activity is a good opportunity and the 　 　 in the activity will further strengthen your overall competence. (participate) 写作运用　完成句子 ⑤为了提高户外活动的参与度，我们学校将于9月10日组织攀登泰山的活动。我写信真诚地邀请你与我们一起参加这个活动。(应用文写作之邀请信) 　 　 　 　 　 ,__our school will organize an activity—climbing Mountain Tai on September 10. I am writing to sincerely invite you to 　 　 ． 核心词汇7．motivated adj.积极的；主动的 [教材原句]I became more motivated, and I'm also a lot more ambitious now! 我变得更积极了，现在我也更有雄心了！ [归纳点拨] (1)motivate vt.　 　 　 motivate sb.to do sth. 　 　 (2)motivation n. 　 　 牛刀小试　 (单句语法填空) ①Competitions can motivate a student 　 (seek) more knowledge. ②A highly 　 (motivate) child can learn almost anything. ③Repeated success leads to increased 　(motivate)． 写作运用 ➃We need a dynamic team leader who can really 　 　. 我们需要一个充满活力的团队领导者，他能真正激励团队成员更加努力地工作。 核心词汇8．expose vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境) [归纳点拨] (1)expose ...to ...　　 使……暴露于……； 使……接触…… be exposed to 暴露于；接触 (2) exposure n. 接触；体验；暴露；揭露 牛刀小试 ①We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds 　 new information, hobbies and skills. ②We are 　 (expose) to an overwhelming number of chemicals every day in our air, water and food. ③There is convincing evidence of a link between 　 (expose) to sun and skin cancer. 写作运用 ④当你来到中国，你可以接触到中国的语言和文化。(应用文写作之邀请信) When you come to China, you can 　 　 the Chinese language and the Chinese culture. ⑤If you expose yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer, you will get sunburnt. → 　 　 　 　 　,__you will get sunburnt.(现在分词短语作状语) → 　 　 　 　 　,__you will get sunburnt.(过去分词短语作状语) 核心词汇9 grasp vt.理解；领会；抓紧；抓牢 n．抓；紧握；理解(力)；领会 [教材原句]Well, I suppose it was difficult to grasp the tones at first. 嗯，我认为一开始是很难掌握音调的。 [归纳点拨] (1)grasp that/wh-从句　　　　 　 　 　 　 　 grasp sb.by the hand/arm 　 　 　 　 　 grasp a chance/an opportunity 　 　 　 　 　 grasp at sth. 　 　 　 　 　 (2)have a grasp of sth. 　 　 　 　 　 beyond one's grasp 　 　 　 　 　注意：　grasp同catch一样，由“抓住”可引申为“理解，明白，掌握”。 牛刀小试　——单句语法填空 ①He grasped her firmly 　 the arm. ②She grasped 　 his coat as he rushed past her. ③How come you have such a good grasp 　 English? 写作运用（翻译下列句子） ➃众所周知，我们在生活中的成功取决于我们抓住呈现在面前的机会的决心。 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 ⑤他们对这门外语掌握得很好。 核心句式10．It is/was the first time (that) ... 这是某人第一次…… [教材原句]It was the first time that she had left China. 这是她第一次离开中国。 归纳点拨 (1)句式“It/This/That＋was＋the first/second/ ...time (that)＋过去完成时”表示“第一/第二……次……”。 (2)“It/This/That＋is＋the first/second/ ...time (that)＋现在完成时”表示“第一/第二……次……”。 (3)It is/was (about/high) time (that) sb should do sth./did sth.意为“到了某人该做某事的时间了”。相当于It is/was time for sb.to do sth.。 　　 牛刀小试　(完成句子) ①The teacher criticized him, because it was　 　 　 　 the same mistake. 老师批评了他，因为这是他第二次犯同样的错误。 ②This is　 　 　 　an application and the personal résumé, so I don't know if there is something to pay attention to. 这是我第一次写申请书和个人简历，因此我不知道是否有什么需要注意的。 ③It is high time that 　 　 　 　 to control the environment pollution. 到了我们该采取有效措施控制环境污染的时候了。 核心句式11. 疑问词＋动词不定式 [教材原句]“I didn't know what to expect，” Xie Lei recalled. “我不知道会发生什么，”谢蕾回忆道。 归纳点拨 what to expect是“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，在句中作know的宾语，相当于一个宾语从句。疑问词what, which, whom, who, where, when, how等加不定式结构可以作主语、宾语和表语。 　　　 牛刀小试　(完成句子) ①The experts are debating 　 　 　 　 the mystery of the Amber Room's disappearance. 专家们正在讨论如何解开琥珀屋消失之谜。 ②随着他们流露出极强的兴趣，我开始教他们如何泡中国茶。 With their interest greatly sparked, I began to teach them 　 　 　 　． ③我们很幸运地从一些著名运动员那里得到了关于如何提高我们的技能和强身健体的好建议。 We've been fortunate to have got good advice from some famous athletes 　 　　 　. 核心句式12. The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought! 她第一次写论文时，导师跟她解释说，如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明，不过导师主要是想知道她自己是怎么想的。 句型公式|the first time (that) 句中the first time引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……”。类似句式还有the last/next time...意为“上次/下次……”。除此之外，any time/every time/each time/the moment/the instant/the minute等都可以充当连词，引导时间状语从句。 牛刀小试　(完成句子) ①　 　 　 　I interviewed him，he looked a bit nervous. 我第一次采访他时，他看起来有点紧张。 ② 　 　 　 　 you make coffee, dry the leftover coffee grounds. 每次煮咖啡时，把剩下的咖啡渣擦干。 ③ I knew that　 　 　 　 I saw my nephew，he would be talking and walking. 我知道，下次我见到我的侄子时，他就会说话，会走路了。 核心句式13.At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. 刚开始，谢蕾不知道该说什么。但使她惊奇的是，没过几周，她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。 句型公式|find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 (1)“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构意为“发现某人/某物处于某种状况中”，其中宾语补足语可以为名词、形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词等。 (2)如果find的宾语是动词不定式或从句，而其后有宾语补足语时，习惯上用形式宾语it来代替，并把真正的宾语放在后面。 牛刀小试（单句语法填空） ①I suddenly found myself 　 (run) down the street. 我不知不觉地突然在街上跑了起来。(表示主动和正在进行) ② I found myself 　 (surround) by a group of children. 我发现自己被一群孩子围住了。(表示被动和完成) 写作运用 ③ While working in the farmyard, I 　 　 　 　under a hot sun. 当我在农田里干活的时候，我发现在烈日下干农活是很艰辛的。 03 素养提升 语法释析　复习名词性从句 思维导图 做题模式提炼 主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句等在整个句子中的作用相当于名词，故将它们统称为名词性从句。在名词性从句中，一般连词(that、whether、if等)只起连接作用，在句中不作成分；连接代词(who、what、which、whom等)常作主语、宾语、表语等，而连接副词(when、where、how、why等)常作状语，表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。 一、主语从句 1．主语从句的注意事项 用作主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句要用陈述句语序。 (1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。 That she finished reading an English novel surprised us all. 她读完了一部全英文小说让我们大吃一惊。 (2)主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，而不用if。 Whether she will come to the party makes no difference. 她来不来参加聚会都没有关系。 2．it作形式主语 有时可用it作形式主语，而将主语从句置于句末。用it作形式主语的常见结构有： (1)It be＋名词(词组)＋that从句 常见的名词(词组)有：fact, pity, shame, common, knowledge, question等。 It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 英语正在被人们接受为一种国际语言，这是一个事实。 It is common knowledge that swimming is one of the best forms of exercise. 大家都知道游泳是最好的锻炼方式之一。 (2)It be＋形容词＋that从句 常见的形容词有：natural, important, strange, unclear, uncertain等。 It is natural that mothers love their children. 母亲爱自己的孩子是天生的。 It is strange that he should go in the opposite direction. 真奇怪，他朝相反的方向走了。 (3)It＋不及物动词＋that从句 常见的不及物动词有：seem, appear, happen等。 It seems that the fifth man is one John Cairncross. 第五位好像是一个名叫约翰·凯恩克罗斯的人。 It happened that the two cheats were there. 两个骗子碰巧在那里。 (4)It be＋过去分词＋that从句 常见的过去分词有：announced, believed, reported, said, proved等。 It is reported that some modern monks are using computers. 有报道说有些现代和尚在使用计算机。 It has been proved that pride goes before a fall. 事实证明骄必败。 名师点津 　当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用if或whether引导均可，但如果后置的主语从句的引导词后面接or not时，只能用whether。 小试牛刀 单句语法填空 ①________ I have seen today has made a very deep impression on me. ②________ is a pity that their performance in this big event didn't live up to our expectations. ③________ teachers can be replaced by AI is discussed on the newspaper. ④________ the new road is open to traffic hasn't been made clear. ⑤________ they are going to invite is uncertain. 二、表语从句 1．表语从句的注意事项 用作表语的从句叫表语从句。 (1)if不能引导表语从句。 (2)that引导表语从句时不能省略。 My advice is that you should go to apologize to him. 我的建议是你应该去向他道歉。 2．as if/though引导表语从句 as if/though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极有可能发生的情况，则从句用陈述语气。 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. 当铅笔一部分放进水里时，它看起来好像折断了似的。(虚拟语气) You look as though you are friends. 你们看起来像是朋友。(陈述语气) 3．其他常见的表语从句 (1)This/That is/was why ... (表示结果)“这/那就是……的原因”(why引导表语从句)。 Tom overslept this morning. That is why he was late for work. 汤姆今天早晨睡过头了。那是他上班迟到的原因。 (2)The reason why ... is/was that ... (表示原因)“……的原因是……”(why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句)。 The reason why he was late was that he missed the early bus. 他迟到的原因是他没赶上早班车。 小试牛刀 单句语法填空 ①All he's worried about is ________ she is right. ②The time to repair the roof is ________ the sun is shining. ③The question remains ________ they will be able to help us. ④My suggestion is ________ the work be started at once. ⑤The question is ________ will handle the tough problem. 三、宾语从句 1．宾语从句的注意事项 用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 (1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省略，但下列情况下that不能省略： ①动词后有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的that不可省略。 He said (that) the book was very interesting and that all the children like to read it. 他说那本书很有趣，所有小孩都喜欢读。 ②宾语从句前有插入语时。 We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们待在家里。 ③that引导的宾语从句位于句首时。 That he will come, I believe. 我相信他会来。 (2)一般情况下介词后常用wh­类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只能用whether，不能用if。 Everything depends on whether you agree with us. 一切取决于你跟我们意见是否一致。 2．it作形式宾语 宾语从句一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是在下列用法下，常用到形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句后置。 (1)动词find/feel/think/make/consider等＋it＋宾补＋从句。 He thinks it important that we try to do some housework after school. 他认为我们放学后试着做一些家务是重要的。 (2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy等＋it＋从句。 I don't like it that he's so lazy. 我不喜欢他那么懒惰。 We would appreciate it if you can come here. 如果你能来这里我们将非常感激。 (3)动词短语see to＋it＋从句。 Would you see to it that she gets home early? 你负责保证她早到家，好吗？ (4)固定搭配take it for granted that ... 认为……理所当然/owe it to sb that ... 把……归功于。 We owe it to you that there wasn't a serious accident. 多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。 小试牛刀 单句语法填空 ①I can't remember ________ idea it was for us to meet again. ②He asked the boss ________ he could have a day off. ③I have found out ________ all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. ④We should investigate ________ happened and what went wrong. ⑤I think it important ________ we should keep calm. 一.单句语法填空 1．I had no idea about ________ I'd find there. 2．The technology could determine ________ a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands­free driving laws. 3．It is believed ________ today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease. 4．What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas. 5．It is obvious ________ they all look unhappy today. 单元写作——正反观点辩论信 本单元的写作任务是应用文写作，主题为正反观点辩论信。关于此类型的应用文，写作时应注意以下几点： 1．词汇选择要注意。在抒发观点的写作中，要格外注意：不要选择语言色彩过于激烈或者不礼貌、带有攻击性的词汇。 2．衔接过渡要自然。在一篇作文中要呈现两种观点，在结构、格式及过渡词汇、句子的使用上要格外用心。 3．句式使用要多样。文中应尽可能多地使用不同的句式，这样可以在表达两种观点时，不让读者感到疲倦。 4．结构布局要合理。写作时往往从正反两方面来论证，可以遵循“主题句——正面论述——反面论述——结论”四个步骤去构建文章。 模板提炼 题目：Advantages and disadvantages of ________ (引出话题或讨论对象) 第一段：Recently, an increasing number of ambitious students ________ (去做某事), which in fact has many advantages and disadvantages. 第二段：It does have some positive sides as follows. To begin with, ________ (优势一). Besides, ________ (优势二)． 第三段：However, it also has some disadvantages. ________ (劣势一). And ________ (劣势二)． 末段：As far as I'm concerned, ________ (个人观点)． 充盈语料库 ※开头常用句式 1．It is universally acknowledged that digital communication is becoming more and more important. 人们普遍认为数字化沟通越来越重要。 2．Each member weighed in with their own opinion. 成员各自提出了自己的观点。 3．Everyone has an opinion on the subject. 大家对这个问题都有自己的看法。 ※主体段落常用句式 1．There is a wide body of opinion that supports this proposal. 支持这项提议的大有人在。 2．Just as a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides.” 常言道：“事物都有两面性。” 3．However, teaching the class in two languages will make the English atmosphere not so strong. 然而，用两种语言授课会使英语氛围不那么强烈。 4．I don't think the rule holds in traffic court. 我认为这条规则在交通法庭上不适用。 5．I would argue that break time is our only opportunity to choose what we want to do. 我认为休息时间是我们唯一的机会来选择我们想要做的事情。 6．Some people hold the idea that summer holiday is so long that students don't know how to schedule their time properly. 一些人认为，暑假太长了，学生不知道如何合理安排时间。 ※结尾常用句式 1．As far as I'm concerned, I think that it's not beneficial to carry mobile phones to school. 依我之见，我认为带手机到学校没有益处。2.In conclusion, the latter is surely a wise choice. 总之，后者的确是个明智的选择。 3．If you share the same view, then you should read this book. 如果你也持有同样的观点，那你也该读读这本书。 典例训练 (2024·重庆市长寿中学校高二上学期期中考试)面对中学生“出国热”，人们对此有不同的看法。请你以“Studying Abroad”为题，根据下表所提供的信息，谈谈自己的看法。 优点 缺点 1.传播各民族间的不同文化； 2．拓宽视野，学习国外先进的科学技术； 3．良好的语言环境，更利于语言的学习。 1.年纪小，缺乏生活经验，自立能力差； 2．情感孤独，思乡； 3．学习生活费用高。 　　注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Studying Abroad 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$