内容正文:
复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期
高一年级英语期末考试试卷
(考试时间:105分钟 满分:115分)
Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary(30分)
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences i here are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. But for the fact that Shakespeare __________ the English language, he would not have been regarded as the greatest playwright of all time.
A. revolutionized B. had revolutionized
C. would revolutionize D. were to revolutionize
2. There is a real possibility that these delicate animals could be frightened, __________a sudden loud noise.
A. if there should have B. should there be
C. had there been D. if there be
3. Recognizing the urgency of the situation, the chairperson recommended that the proposal shareholders were opposed __________, emphasizing the need for a thorough review of all available information.
A. to being reconsidered B. to be reconsidered
C. should reconsider D. be reconsidered
4. In education, educators __________ place too much emphasis on fostering critical thinking skills; empowering students to think independently is vital for their future success in a rapidly changing world.
A. should not B. cannot C. may not D. shall not
5. I have tried to turn on the newly-bought robot dog this morning, but it __________ start. It is so astonishing that goods purchased on JD.com __________ be so poorly-made.
A. won’t ... must B. won’t ... should
C. cannot ... must D. cannot ... should
6. In a scenario where time was of the essence, a tele-surgery __________ the treatment process. Unfortunately, the medical staff just dismissed the option, citing concerns about connectivity issues.
A could have facilitated B. could facilitate
C. must have facilitated D. may have facilitated
7. These teachers must have participated in the conference last week that drew thousands of attendees, __________?
A. haven’t they B. needn’t they C. weren’t they D. didn’t they
8. I assume that the chairman will dislike being hurried into making a decision, __________?
A. don’t I B. do I C. will he D. won’t he
9. __________ the Nobel Prize for Literature, an achievement many writers dream of but few attain, is something Bob Dylan, with his roots in folk and rock music, never could have imagined.
A. Awarded B. Being awarded C. To award D. Having awarded
10. To our surprise, the festival this year draws three times __________.
A. a larger audience as last year’s did
B. as large an audience as did last year’s
C. larger as an audience as last year’s did
D. an audience large as did last year’s
11. Despite the advancement of technology and automation, some tasks still require the expertise and dedication of __________ labor to ensure precision and quality.
A. manual B. manned C. mature D. artificial
12. With a comprehensive training program in __________, the new recruits quickly adapted to their roles within the organization.
A. vain B. display C. place D. company
13. Upon entering the bakery, they were __________ by the pleasant smell of freshly baked bread and sweet pastries, their mouths instantly watering.
A. evoked B. occupied C. greeted D. consumed
14. As the applause died __________, the speaker took a moment to gather her thoughts before continuing with her presentation.
A. off B. out C. down D. up
15. The consequences of cyber-attacks can __________ beyond financial losses, affecting public trust in digital systems and compromising sensitive data security.
A extend B. stretch C. exceed D. cover
16. Many animals are __________ to flee at the sight of a predator, an instinctive response that triggers immediate physiological changes to enhance their chances of escape.
A. challenged B. prepared C. programmed D. evoked
17. In the midst of the __________, characterized by job losses and market volatility, it’s not uncommon for businesses to lose __________ of their operational objectives as they focus on survival in the chaotic economic landscape.
A. depression ... track B. recession … touch
C. possession ... trace D. progression … pursuit
18. Observing that he was not __________ enough in his academic pursuits, he __________ for another course, seeking to push his intellectual boundaries and gain deeper insights into his field of study.
A. challenged ... enrolled B. motivated ... registered
C. stretched ... signed up D. charged ... entered
19. The newly-issued law __________ manufacturers to label products with clear nutritional information, and this puts a lot of __________ on food producers: they need to reformulate recipes and update packaging accordingly.
A. demands … requirements B. requires... demands
C. requests … drains D. urges ... emphases
20. The rare first edition of the novel, with a limited __________, was found to be in __________ of a private collector who had safeguarded it for decades.
A. circulation ... possession B. circulation … the possession
C. publication ... possession D. publication ... the possession
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. absent
B. flood
C. bound
D. indistinguishable
E. polishing
F. strikingly
G. consequently
H. command
I. engaged
J. differing
K. critically
Rhinoceros horns(犀牛角) are big business. Traditional Chinese medicine uses them to treat rheumatism and gout, even though they have no actual pharmaceutical properties beyond placebo(安慰剂). And craftsmen carve them into dagger handles. A kilogram can thus ____21____ as much as $60,000, so there is tremendous incentive for poachers to hunt the animals. Since almost all rhinoceros populations are endangered, several ____22____, this is a serious problem.
Some conservationists therefore suggest that a way to reduce pressure on the animals might be to ____23____ the market with fakes. This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns and ____24____, the motivation to hunt rhinos.
That would require the fake s to be good. But Fritz Vollrath, a zoologist at Oxford University, thinks his skills as a forger(伪造者) are up to the challenge. As he writes in Scientific Reports, he and his colleagues from Fudan University, in Shanghai, have come up with a cheap and easy-to-make fake ____25____ similar to the real thing.
The main ingredient of Dr. Vollrath’s forged horns is horsehair. Despite their ____26____ appearances, horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related. Horses do not have horns, of course. But, technically, neither do rhinos. The “horns” of rhinoceros are composed of hairs ____27____ tightly together using a mixture of dead cells.
Examination under a microscope showed that hairs collected from horses’ tails had similar features to those found in the horns of rhinos except that horse hairs had a special layer ____28____ in those of the rhino, but the researchers were able to remove this with a solution of lithium bromide.(溴化锂溶液)
They bundled the treated horse hairs as tightly as they could in a matrix of a special glue, and then left the bundles in an oven to dry. The result was a rough material that, with some ____29____, looked like rhino horn.
Whether to launch _____30_____ fakes onto the rhinoceros-horn market would truly reduce prices and demand remains to be tested. But it might. It is an old trick in warfare to leave the enemy with forged, worthless money. Something similar may yet help save the rhino.
Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension(1*15+2*15=45分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In Dad’s Army, a British sitcom(情景喜剧) about a home-defense Force, Sergeant (中士) Wilson would often cast doubt on his commander’s various orders with the phrase “Do you think that’s wise, sir?” His doubt, although often ignored, was usually ____31____.
Many employees must be tempted to imitate Sgt. Wilson when they see their bosses headed down the wrong track. But caution often leads workers to keep silent for fear of appearing foolish and offensive and ____32____ being at high risk of losing their jobs.
A culture of silence can be dangerous, argues a new book The Fearless Organization, by Amy Edmondson, a professor at Harvard Business School. Some of her cases are from the ____33____ industry, where staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks. One was its deadliest accident: a crash between two Boeing-747s in the Canary Islands occurred in 1977 when a co-pilot felt unable to ____34____ his captain into changing the decision to take off. Another case was that of the Columbia space shuttle in 2003; an engineer who may have diagnosed damage to the shuttle’s wing before the flight felt unable to speak as he was “too ____35____” at NASA.
In a corporate culture based on ____36____ and obedience, it may appear that targets are being achieved. But in the long run the effect is likely to be counterproductive (适得其反的). Studies show that fear ____37____ learning. And when faced with a problem, scared workers find ways of ____38____ it or getting around it with inefficient practices.
The solution is to create an atmosphere of “psychological safety” whereby workers can speak their minds. It does not mean that workers, or their ideas, are ____39____ criticism, or that they should complain continuously. In a sense, this method is the _____40_____ of Toyota’s “lean manufacturing” process, which allows any worker who spots a problem to stop the production line.
Pixar, the production firm, created what it called a “Braintrust” to give _____41_____ to film directors. The rules were that advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person, and that filmmakers should not be _____42_____ in response.
And psychological safety is not about whistleblowing (检举). Indeed, if an employee feels the need to act as a whistleblower by speaking to external _____43_____, it suggests employers have not created an environment within the firm where criticism can be _____44_____. Nor is such a culture only about safety or avoiding mistakes. As mundane (单调的) tasks are automated, and workers rely on computers for data analysis, the added value of humans will stem from their _____45_____. But as Ms. Edmondson’s book demonstrates, it is hard to be either constructive or creative if you are not confident about speaking out.
31. A. justifiable B. pointless C. inevitable D. ridiculous
32. A. on the whole B. in conclusion C. as a result D. on the contrary
33. A. airline B. manufacturing C. service D. advertising
34. A. weigh B. reason C. applaud D. channel
35. A. offensive B. ambitious C. aggressive D. humble
36. A. imitation B. fear C. efficiency D. competition
37. A. motivates B. facilitates C. maintains D. prevents
38. A. spoiling B. polishing C. masking D. exploiting
39. A. subject to B. immune from C. concerned with D. dependent on
40. A. equivalent B. object C. argument D. criticism
41. A. priority B. motivation C. access D. feedback
42. A. optimistic B. objective C. defensive D. passive
43. A. authorities B. elements C. networks D. whistleblowers
44. A. rejected B. eliminated C. voiced D. questioned
45. A. competitiveness B. inventiveness C. carefulness D. selflessness
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Last October I was on a diving holiday in the Philippines with seven other advanced divers. I dived off the boat slowly sinking to about 20m.
After nearly 45 minutes, the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine and I felt deep powerful vibrations(震动) as if a big boat with a propeller was passing overhead. The dive instructor’s eyes were wide with confusion too. We both swam next to each other staying close to the side of the reef(礁石). The situation felt sinister.
Then we were enveloped by clouds of white sand that mushmoomed up around us. Could it be a giant turtle(海龟) racing past us? They are normally slow movers so this was very weird behavior. The vibration became so intense that I could feel it in my bones and then the sound turned into a deafening roar. Suddenly, a few meters below us, breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down. That’s when I got what it was. The noise was the sound of the earth splintering open and grinding against itself.
The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other’s eyes. I felt comforted by his presence. I was numb(麻木的) for terror but clear-headed. My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I have no power over whatever this is.
The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever its going to do. It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending. Soon we saw other divers.
The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes and when they stopped I heard the swoosh of sand falling over the seabed. We all held hands before resurfacing to avoid decompression sickness, which can be fatal. When up, it was a huge relief to see all the divers and we all shared incredulous looks before pulling out our breathing tools and shouting, ”What was that?”
Back on the boat, we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnessed a huge earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale. It released more energy than 30 Hiroshima bombs, though it seemed that we were not at the epicenter(震中). I was high and felt lucky surprisingly not because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening.
46. How did the author realize that they met with an earthquake?
A. By feeling the violent shake under the sea.
B. By witnessing a normally-slow turtle quickly moving by.
C. By seeing the seafloor crack.
D. By checking the news and be informed of the event.
47. Why didn’t the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped?
A. Because the instructor gestured him not to rise.
B. Because he was numb in body.
C. Because he could sense the unclear water situation.
D. Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above.
48. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. At the beginning of the event, a big boat passed by causing big vibration.
B. All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration.
C. I felt relieved as the instructor was experienced in handling situations like this.
D. Powerless to fight nature, I was tame when under the water.
49. Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat?
A. Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake.
B. Because he finally survived a huge earthquake.
C. Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon.
D. Because he didn’t suffer from decompression sickness.
(B)
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D. One can view online some of AQUILA’s content.
52. What can we learn from the leaflet?
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(C)
Buying organic (有机的) food may not always be better for the planet or for human health than cheaper options grown with artificial pesticides, according to researchers.
There tend to be more birds and bees on organic farms but the benefits may be cancelled out because they produce an average of 19 to 25 perent less food per acre than conventional farms. This means that more land is needed to produce the same amount of food, and land being changed for agriculture is one of the greatest threats to wildlife, researchers at the University of British Columbia said.
Organic farms tend to use less energy and produce lower emissions, but “when lower organic yields are taken into account, greenhouse gas emissions might actually be higher under organic management.”
The authors of the study, published in Science Advances, said: “We don’t know whether organic agriculture provides any benefits for biodiversity if lower organic yields are taken into account.”
Organic farms tend to cause less nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of water systems, but the lower yields could mean that nitrogen loss per unit of food produced is higher than on conventional farms.
The authors argued that in countries such as Canada, where pesticide regulations are strict and diets are rich in micronutrients, the health benefits of choosing organic might be marginal. They said organically grown food probably contained slightly more micronutrients but it was not clear whether this provided “any actual health benefits to consumers”.
The team analyzed organic crop farming across 17 criteria including yield, impact on climate change, farmer livelihood and consumer health. “Organic is often proposed as a good solution to current environmental and food scarcity problems, but we found that the costs and benefits will vary heavily depending on the context,” Verena Seufert, one of the authors, said.
They concluded that organic farming is not the only solution to providing a sustainable source of food for an ever-growing global population, but does have an important role to play. “We need to stop the perception of organic and conventional agriculture as two ends of the spectrum. Instead, consumers should demand better practices for both so that we can achieve the world’s food needs in a sustainable way,” Ms. Seufert said.
The study, which involved a review of the scientific literature on the environmental and economic performance of organic farms, also found that they were highly dependent on animal manure (排泄物) from conventional farms and added: “It is not clear whether we would have enough organic fertilizers to feed everyone in the world with organic food”
Organic food is more expensive and “therefore less accessible to consumers with low income, they said.
53. What does the study find about organic farms?
A. They are less than efficient. B. They rely on wildlife species.
C. They used to produce added emission. D. They use high-quality pesticides.
54. The word “marginal” (in paragraph 6) is closest in meaning to __________.
A. irregular B. unlimited C. unimportant D. irrelevant
55. What can be inferred from the passage about organic agriculture?
A. Its benefits are yet to be confirmed by review of scientific literature.
B. It is perceived as reaching the end of its development like conventional agriculture.
C It is regarded as the opposite of conventional agriculture.
D. Its drawbacks outweigh the benefits it yields in most cases.
56. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Organic Farming: Balancing Costs and Benefits
B. Organic Farming: Winner in Sustainable Agriculture
C. Organic Farming: A Cost-Effective Path to a Healthier Planet
D. Organic Farming: The Answer to Global Food Scarcity
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
Food & Health Myths
Every day there is new information about food and health products. Newspapers regularly have articles that discuss how certain foods or drinks are good or bad for you, Some television shows often deal with new stories about how consuming certain substances can affect your body____57____
One myth about food and health is that eggs are bad for your heart. Although they are indeed high in cholesterol(胆固醇)and fat, it's not true that eating eggs every day will damage your heart. ____58____ As far as fat goes, it's the yellow part of the egg that contains all the fat. So if you're worried about the fat content of eggs, go ahead and just eat the whites. You might also choose to buy certain kinds of eggs that have less fat content depending on the diet of the animal. Check your local supermarket for more information.
____59____Although it was once thought to have unique properties, other types of alcohol can have the same effects. A study conducted recently revealed that people who drank red wine did not live any longer than those who drank other kinds of spirits, such as beer or white wine. It seems that the alcohol itself improves an individual's health by raising the levels of good cholesterol and decreasing bad cholesterol. The alcohol also serves to increase blood flow and assist in blood clotting (凝结).
____60____Consumers who are especially concerned about their health should think carefully about new information they read about or see on television.
A. Another popular belief is that red wine, like other drinks, may be harmful to you if consumed too much.
B. Apart from that, many people believe drinking red wine is especially good for your heart
C. Eggs are high in cholesterol and fat despite the fact that they are a nutritious source of energy
D. There are many other myths common is our society about food and health.
E. This is because the body can deal with the extra cholesterol by reducing the amount it produces
F. With such a steady stream of information, it's understandable that a few popular myths about food and health are floating around.
Ⅲ. Productive Grammar
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fit s each blank.
Modifying Your Memories
It has always been thought that the purpose of our memory is to file away and later allow us to recall everything that happens in our lives, like a ____61____ (record) device. When we recall a memory, we go into the brain library, take out a file, look at it and then put it back ____62____ it was. The files may get a little dust y over the years, but they are always there and they never change.
However, new research shows this understanding of memory is not that accurate. What memory is ____63____ (redefine). To start with, there is no central memory bank; elements of memories are stored separately ____64____ each other so that things related to a particular memory — the smells, sounds, emotions, physical touch, pictures, etc. — are held in different areas of the brain, and it is only in the act of recalling that they are all brought together. ____65____ researchers hold to be true now is that every time we recall a memory, aspects of that memory can change slightly. This means memories are ____66____ (flexible) than previously thought. The parallel would be more like bringing up a file on the computer, modifying and then saving ____67____ again.
This understanding has been crucial in enabling scientists to erase and replace memories in quite innovative ways. On a positive note, this is paving the way for new treatments of disorders, like depression and alcohol addiction. In a recent study, a mouse is put into a totally new, empty environment ____68____ depresses it and leads it to refuse to move. A switch on a laser machine introduces a previously happy memory to the mouse and it runs around ____69____ (satisfy), showing relaxed, normal behavior. Science fiction? No, not at all. It’s happening here and now. The impossible is becoming possible ____70____ (fulfill).
Ⅳ. Translation(3+3+4+5=15分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
71. 这位木匠还是和过去一样幸灾乐祸。(delight v.,the way) (汉译英)
________________________________________________________________________________
72. 为应付例行检查,同学们把课桌擦到锃锃亮。(respond)(汉译英)
________________________________________________________________________________
73. 尽管水果富含维生素,减肥心切的女士们不应该用它们来代替均衡的正餐。(replace)(汉译英)
________________________________________________________________________________
74. 说起背单词,临时抱佛脚是下下策,循序渐进方能见效。(difference)(汉译英)
________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅴ. Guided Writing
75. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
75.假设你是旦华中学高一学生李明,鉴于最近校内有数名学生在体育课上受伤,学校英语报针对这一情况开展主题为“如何提高学生身体素质”的征文活动。写一篇投稿,内容须包括:
1)两条有助于改善身体素质的建议
2)你提出这些建议的理由
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期
高一年级英语期末考试试卷
(考试时间:105分钟 满分:115分)
Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary(30分)
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences i here are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
【1题答案】
【答案】A
【2题答案】
【答案】B
【3题答案】
【答案】B
【4题答案】
【答案】A
【5题答案】
【答案】B
【6题答案】
【答案】A
【7题答案】
【答案】D
【8题答案】
【答案】D
【9题答案】
【答案】B
【10题答案】
【答案】B
【11题答案】
【答案】A
【12题答案】
【答案】C
【13题答案】
【答案】C
【14题答案】
【答案】C
【15题答案】
【答案】C
【16题答案】
【答案】B
【17题答案】
【答案】A
【18题答案】
【答案】A
【19题答案】
【答案】A
【20题答案】
【答案】B
Section B
【21~30题答案】
【答案】21. H 22. K
23. B 24. G
25. F 26. J
27. C 28. A
29. E 30. D
Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension(1*15+2*15=45分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
【31~45题答案】
【答案】31. A 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. B 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. A 41. D 42. C 43. A 44. C 45. B
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
【46~49题答案】
【答案】46. C 47. D 48. D 49. C
(B)
【50~52题答案】
【答案】50. B 51. D 52. B
(C)
【53~56题答案】
【答案】53. A 54. C 55. C 56. A
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
【57~60题答案】
【答案】57. F 58. E 59. B 60. D
Ⅲ. Productive Grammar
【61~70题答案】
【答案】61. recording
62. where 63. has been redefined
64. from
65. What
66. more flexible 67. it
68. which##that
69. satisfied
70. to fulfill
Ⅳ. Translation(3+3+4+5=15分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
【71题答案】
【答案】The carpenter still delights in others’ misfortunes the way he used to.
【72题答案】
【答案】In order to respond to routine inspections, the students polished the desks to a shine.
【73题答案】
【答案】Although fruits are rich in vitamins, ladies who are eager to lose weight should not replace them with balanced meals.
【74题答案】
【答案】When it comes to memorizing words, cramming at the last minute is the worst strategy, and progressing gradually can make a difference.
Ⅴ. Guided Writing
【75题答案】
【答案】Improving Students’ Physical Health
My name is Li Ming, a freshman at Danhua High School. Recently, several students have been injured during PE classes, highlighting the need for better physical health. I have two suggestions to improve our physical fitness.
Firstly, the school should mandate regular warm-up and cool-down sessions, which can help prevent injuries. These exercises increase flexibility and slowly prepare the body for rigorous activities. Secondly, I recommend incorporating more diverse sports activities into the curriculum. Sports like swimming and yoga, which are less injury-prone, provide excellent full-body workouts and enhance endurance.
These suggestions are essential because they not only minimize the risk of injuries but also promote long-term health benefits. A well-rounded exercise program ensures that students are physically fit, which will improve their overall well-being and academic performance.
By implementing these changes, we can foster a healthier and safer school environment.
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