内容正文:
专题01 名词
中职高考英语一轮复习
1
考纲要求·考情分析
01
考点突破·考法探究
03
目 录
04
课堂小结·查漏补缺
02
知识清单·网络构建
2
01
考纲要求·考情分析
3
1.掌握可数名词和不可数名词的用法 。
2. 掌握名词所有格的用法。
3.熟知名词的句法功能。
考纲要求
02
考点突破·考法探究
5
1.(2019春考)—Excuse me.Are you ready to order?
—Yes.I’d like two______and two_______.
A.cup of tea,hamburgers B.cups of tea,hamburgers
C.cup of tea,hamburger D.cups of tea,hamburger
【解析】选B. 考察可数名词与不可数名词。tea是不可数名词,常用“某个量词+of”的形式。量词的单复数可根据实际情况使用。hamburger 是可数名词 。
考情分析
2.(2016春考)—How far is it from Jinan to Qingdao?—It’s about ______.A.four hours’ drive B.four hour’s driveC.four hour drive D.four hours drive
【解析】选A. 本题考察名词所有格。句意:“——从济南到青岛有多远?——大约开车4小时的路程。”开车4小时的路程正确表达方式:four hours’ drive。
考情分析
1.单复数同形的名词
2. 以o结尾的名词复数
3.某国人名词复数变化
4.常见的不可数名词
注意常考内容:
备考策略
5.名词所有格中各自所有和共同所有关系区别
6.以S结尾的名词所有格
03
知识清单·网络构建
9
一、名词的数与变形
情况 构成方法 例词
一般情况 词尾直接加-s,在清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音后读/z/ book-books,map-maps
以辅音字母加y结尾的词 先变y为i,再加-es,读/Iz/ family-families,story-stories
以元音字母加y结尾的词 直接加s,读作/z/ boy-boys,holiday-holidays
以s,sh,ch,x结尾的词 直接加-es,读作/Iz/ bus-buses,watch-watches
以f或fe结尾的词 变f或fe为v,再加-es,读/vz/ wife-wives,leaf-leaves
以o结尾的词 以元音字母加o结尾加-s.
以辅音字母加o结尾的有生命的加-es,无生命的加-s zoo-zoos,
hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,
potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,photo-photos
1.可数名词
(1)规则变化
一、名词的数与变形
2.不规则变化
情况 例词
改变名词中的元音字母 man-men,woman-women,tooth-teeth,foot-feet
词尾通过加-ren或-en变复数 child-children,ox-oxen
单复数同形 sheep,deer,fish
只有复数形式 clothes,trousers,glasses
一些集体名词总用作复数 people,police
表示某国人 加-s American-Americans,German-Germans
单复数同形 Chinese,Japanese
以man或woman结尾的改为-men,-women Englishman-Englishmen,Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen
一、名词的数与变形
情况 例词
合成名词 将主体名词变为复数 son-in-law——sons-in-law,boy-friend——boy-friends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 housewife-housewives
man,woman作定语修饰别的名词时,将两部分都变为复数 a man teacher-two men teachers,a woman doctor-two women doctors
Tips
可数名词,要多关注不规则变化,越是特殊,越容易出考题。
不可数名词,要注意量词变化。
口诀:可数名词变名词,不可数名词变量词。
2.不可数名词
(1)常见的不可数名词:
advice,knowledge,information,weather,news,work,money,homework,medicine,fun,
food,fish(鱼肉),paper(纸),room(空间),water,rice,bread,progress,luggage等。
(2)修饰不可数名词的常用形容词有:
a lot of,lots of,much,plenty of,a great of,a great amount of,little,a little,some等。
(3)表示不可数名词的量,常用“某个量词+of”的形式:
如a piece of news,a cup of tea,a glass of water等。
量词的单复数可根据实际情况使用,如two pieces of news,two cups of tea,three glasses of water。
二、名词所有格
有生命
不以s结尾的单复数+’s
Tom’s book
以s结尾的+’
the girls’dormitory
以s结尾的单数+’s或+‘
his boss’s phone
合成名词+’s
his sister-in-law’s book
并列名词
各自所有关系,每个名词后+’s
Tina’s and Bob’s books
共同所有的关系
在最后的名词后+’s
Tina and Bob’s books
家宅/店铺+’s,省略名词
at the doctor’s
at my uncle’s
不以s结尾的单复数+’s
以s结尾的+’
以s结尾的单数+’s或+‘
不以s结尾的单复数+’s
以s结尾的+’
Tom’s book
不以s结尾的单复数+’s
以s结尾的+’
the girls’dormitory
his boss’s phone
合成名词+’s
以s结尾的单数+’s或+‘
Tom’s book
不以s结尾的单复数+’s
以s结尾的+’
二、名词所有格
无生命
通常of所有格
the capital of China
+’s所有格
表时间
today’s newspaper
表距离
a fifteen minutes’walk
表城市
Shanghai’s parks
表节日
April Fool’s Day
三、名词所有格
双重所有格
表部分
a daughter of my uncle’s
a photo of Jack’s
表感情色彩
this lovely baby of your sister
that large house of Grace’s
三、名词所有格
名词作定语
表所属关系
学生会 Students’ Union
表分类/说明
coffee shop
shoe store
Tips
名词所有格中,一是应注意距离的表达,此为常考题型;二是做题时要分清表述的所有关系,确定是各自所有每项都加’s,还是共同所有在最后加’s.
三、名词的句法功能
1.做主语
Mo Yan is a writer.(Mo Yan作主语)莫言是一名作家。
2.作宾语
He likes basketball very much.(basketball作宾语)他很喜欢篮球。
3.作表语
Mary’s father is a doctor.(doctor作表语)玛丽的父亲是医生。
4.作定语
Do you want to be my pen friend?(pen作定语修饰名词friend)你想成为我的 笔友吗?
动词之前作主语
动词之后作宾语
系动词之后作表语
名词之前作定语
一、名词的数与变形
5.作宾语补足语
We elected her our monitor.(our monitor作宾语补足语)
我们选她为我们的班长。
6.作状语
Come this way,please。(this way作状语)请走这边。
7.作同位语
Mr.Green,our math teacher,is very active.(teacher作同位语)
我们的数学老师格林先生,非常开朗。
her是宾语
补充说明Mr.Green
04
课堂小结·查漏补缺
22
(1)—How many_____are there in the international village? —Two hundred. A. American B.Englishman C.Germen D.Japanese
【解析】选D.某国人复数遵循“中日不变英法变,其余在后加s”
(2)—The little boy has two______already.
—Wow,he is so cute.
A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teeths
【解析】选C.考察tooth的复数变形,正确形式是teeth.
一、名词的数与变形
(3)They come from different__________. A.country B.a country C.countrys D.countries
【解析】选D. country是可数名词,different后加复数形式。Country变y为i加es.
(4)How many_____can you see in the picture?
A.tomatoes B.tomato C.tomatos D.a tomato
【解析】选A. tomato的复数加es.
(5)The number of the teachers in our school______401,and a number of them______teachers.A.are;are women B.is;are womenC.are;are woman D.is;are woman
【解析】选B. the number of 后面加动词单数,表示“...的数量”。A number of 后面加动词复数,表示“大量的...”。man和woman作定语修饰别的名词时,将两部分都变成复数。
(6)More and more people need_______water,so e mustn’t waste water.
A.many B.a great deal of
C.the number of D.a number of
【解析】选B. water是不可数名词,a great deal of 修饰不可数名词。
二、名词所有格
(1)—Last week I met_____in the library. —He is good at playing basketball,too.A. a friend of Mike B.a friend of Mike’sC.a friend of Mikes D.a friend of Mikes’
【解析】 选B.考察名词所有格。Mike的一位朋友的正确表达是a friend of Mike’s.
(2)—How do Tom and Jack go to school?—It’s_______walk from _______home,so they go to school on foot.A. ten minutes’;Tom and Jack’s B.ten minute;Tom and Jack’sC.ten minute’s;Tom’s and Jack’s D.ten minutes;Tom’s and Jack’s
【解析】选A. 表达距离用时间加s’的结构,所以选A. Tom and Jack’s 是两人共同所有。
(3)This is_____bedroom.The twin sisters like it very much. A. Mary and Jane B.Mary’s and Jane’s C.Mary’s and Jane D.Mary and Jane’s
【解析】选D. 根据句意得出这是玛丽和简共同的房间,在最后一个词后面加’s表示两人共同所有。
(4)There are forty_____in the hospital.
A. man doctors B.men doctor
C.men doctors D.woman doctors
【解析】选C.考察名词所有格。man和woman作定语修饰别的名词时,将两部分都变成复数。
三、名词的综合运用
All parents love their ( ) (child).Many parents want their kids to( )(成为) well-known people when they grow( ).Most of them want their kids to live better than others. Many of them ( )(希望)their kids will be singers or ( )(act). They can make( ) easily in our country. When they appear in the advertisement, they will get ( )money which a farmer or a worker can't make all his life. Some of the parents want their kids to be( )(businessman) or doctors.If they work hard, they will have cars and big houses in several years. Some parents want their kids to work in( )(city). They don't want them to work in the countryside. People who work in the cities can get money after the retirement. If you are a ( )(出名的)man,especially( ) actor, you'll get much but pay a little. A farmer isdifferent,he gets little but pays much.
children
become
up
hope
actors
money
much
businessmen
cities
famous
an
1.grow up 长大,成长
2.or 连接前后词性一致,singers后面填actors
4.money是不可数,much来修饰
5.man变成men
6.city变y为i加es
7.单数且开头是元音用an
3.make money 赚钱
Thank You!
29
$$