精品解析：江苏省南通市2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题

2024年南通市高二学年度质量监测 英语 注意事项： 考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求。 1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Fix the seats. B. Repair a light. C. Replace a window. 2. What will the speakers do tonight? A. Play mobile games. B. Watch a movie. C. Do their homework. 3. What is the woman doing? A. Asking the way. B. Putting up a sign. C. Walking to the park. 4. What does the man feel regretful for? A Losing touch with friends. B Having some bad memories. C. Remembering little about childhood. 5. Where is Tom? A. At a garden. B. At a restaurant. C. At a supermarket. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does the woman need most now? A. Biscuits. B. Water. C. Apples. 7. Which place will the speakers go next? A. To a forest. B. To a shop. C. To a hill. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Where are the speakers going at the weekend? A. To a golf course. B. To a farm. C. To the town. 9. Why are the speakers making the plan? A. To take a rest. B. To talk about business. C. To celebrate a birthday. 10. When are the speakers leaving? A On Friday morning. B. On Friday afternoon. C. On Friday evening. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What picture is on the man's shirt? A. A famous city. B. A dog. C. A band. 12. When was the man's grandfather probably born? A. In 1950. B. In 1951. C. In 1961. 13. What do we know about Three Dog Night? A. They changed their name. B. They mainly played pop music. C. They once worked with Redwood. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. How does the man feel about his interview? A. A bit worried. B. Greatly confident. C. Terribly disappointed. 15. Why did the woman apply to the University of Michigan? A. It's her dream university. B. Her father wants her to go there. C. She believes it's a great medical school. 16. What does the woman want to be? A. A reporter. B. A teacher. C. A doctor. 17. What is the most probable relationship between the speakers? A. Workmates. B. Strangers. C. Classmates. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. What food is rich in vitamin D? A. Bones. B. Oily cake. C. Cheese. 19. What is the survival rate of patients in the second group after their operations? A. 30%. B. 46%. C. 72%. 20. What is the main idea of the talk? A. An introduction to cancer. B. Different treatments for cancer. C. Vitamin D's benefit for people with a certain cancer. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Old Town, History & Tales Tour ●About This walking tour is a perfect way to start your trip & an excellent basis for our other tours, offering you an excellent overview of the city, so you can have a complete Edinburgh experience! Covering everything from history to religion & folklore, this walking tour is our original tour of Edinburgh’s medieval Old Town. By exploring the city with a guide, you’ll be able to stop looking at a map and focus on enjoying the sites around you. Our talented and entertaining guides will walk you through the streets and alleys of Auld Reekie (Edinburgh) while enthralling (迷住) you with its history, folklore and tales! We are very proud of the high quality of all of our tours and the Old Town Tour is no exception. However, don’t take our word for it. Check out our near flawless TripAdvisor reviews. Start Time Summer Season: Daily; 10: 00, 12: 00 & 14: 00 Winter Season: Daily; 10: 30 & 13: 30 Duration Approximately 2h Cost Adult — £20 Child (5-15) — £10 Under 5s free! ●Additional Information Non-service animals are not allowed. Digital translations in English, German, French, Italian, Spanish & Mandarin available on request. We unfortunately do not advise guests in wheelchairs to join the tour, due to the narrow stairways. We apologize for any inconvenience or disappointment caused. These tours run all the year round so please wear clothing that is appropriate for the Scottish climate and come in footwear that you are comfortable in for a two-hour walking tour on the historic streets of Edinburgh. 1. How can visitors benefit from the Edinburgh tour? A. They will chart the map of the city. B. They will develop good ties with guides. C. They will become more focused in classes. D. They will have a better understanding of the city. 2. How much would a couple with two kids aged 4 and 8 pay for admission? A. £30. B. £40. C. £50. D. £60. 3. What are the visitors advised to do? A. Dress appropriately. B. Use wheelchairs. C. Take non-service pets. D. Hire a translator. B At 67, Margaret Bending performed her first professional show. Taking to the stage in February 2020, Bending launched into a dance and theatre piece accompanied by those all aged over 60. “I was terrified but as soon as we got going, I realized that this was what I had been looking for,” she says. “Moving my body and being surrounded by all these wonderful performers, I felt completely liberated.” Growing up in 1960s Lincolnshire, Bending’s first love was space exploration. Determined to make it into space after witnessing Yuri Gagarin’s Vostok 1 flight as a seven-year-old in 1961, Bending went on to do a PhD at Leicester University and began working at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on rocket launches. By 1990, she’d had her first child and decided to pause her career to homeschool. Over the next two decades, she homeschooled her other three children until, in 2015, her youngest son departed for university and she found herself with an empty nest at her North Yorkshire home. “It felt as if I was done with working and parenting so it was now time for a new chapter to begin,” she says. Looking back on her childhood hobbies for inspiration during retirement. Bending landed on one memory. “When I was 14 or 15, I played the part of Anitra in a school production and I loved it,” she says. “I remember the joy of dancing.” Bending began researching local performance courses and landed on Leeds Playhouse’s Heydays programme. Every Wednesday morning, she would attend half-day workshops on everything from reading plays aloud to dancing salsa and improvisation (即兴表演) . Now 71, Bending has since become so fond of stage work that in 2023 she performed her own one-woman show, The Story of a Rocket Scientist, dramatising her career to an audience of 80 people. She has also more recently become a paid member of the Performance Ensemble, facilitating community outreach programmes to encourage older people to try their hand at taking part in performance. “The whole experience has been exciting, and it’s made me so much more confident,” she says. “People stop seeing you as an individual in your 60s but by getting on stage we can show the world that we still have things to say, experiences to share and a future to work towards.” 4. How did Bending view her first professional show? A. It was far from perfect. B. It would bring her fame. C. It would improve her fitness. D. It gave her a sense of freedom. 5. What inspired Bending to take up performing? A. A teenage encounter. B. A space flight broadcast. C. Her homeschooling experience. D. Her long-held dream. 6. What do we know about The Story of a Rocket Scientist? A. It had a high box office. B. It is starred by famous actors. C. It is about Bending’s experience. D. It has attracted more seniors to the show. 7. What message does the text intend to convey? A. Rome was not built in a day. B. One is never too old to start. C. Many hands make light work. D. Actions speak louder than words. C Children as young as two years old went out of their way to help dogs get toys and tasty treats that were placed beyond their reach, despite never having met the animals before, scientists found. The work suggests that toddlers could not only understand the dogs’ desires, but were willing and able to help them out, even though the chances of the dogs returning the favour were small. The researchers recruited 97 toddlers aged between 20 and 47 months and watched them interact with three child-friendly dogs at the University of Michigan’s child lab. In the experiments, researchers dropped toys or snacks just beyond the dog’s reach, on the toddler’s side of a fence that separated the two. Writing in the journal Human-Animal Interactions, the scientists describe how toddlers were twice as likely to hand over unreachable toys and treats when dogs displayed curiosity towards them. The children helped in half of all instances when dogs wanted the objects, but only in a quarter of cases when the animals showed no interest. “It’s been known for a long time that toddlers will go out of their way to help struggling humans, even strangers,” said Prof Henry Wellman, a senior author on the study at the University of Michigan. But it was unclear whether humans developed such altruism (利他主义) only towards other people, who might help back, and not other species. The study shows “it applies to other animals too”, Wellman said, “like dogs they will never see again”. Friendly behaviour towards other species, even in children who are still learning to walk and talk, may have helped humans thrive (兴旺) around the world, the researchers say. Apparently altruistic acts, such as leaving food out for animals, could have underpinned practices that led to the domestication of species from dogs and cats to cows, pigs, sheep and horses. “Animal domestication was really advantageous to human survival. It really enabled us to live and thrive, there’s a huge benefit,” said Wellman. “Why we came to domesticate animals is a big mystery (谜) , and this is one piece of evidence that might help us to understand that mystery.” Future studies are needed to examine other psychological components of instrumental helping, including what emotions underlie a child’s motivation to help dogs, how culture shapes these motivations, and how these processes change as a child grows older. 8. What did the research finding mainly reveal about children? A. Their playing games with dogs. B. Their helping behaviour towards dogs. C. Their sharing favourite treats with dogs. D. Their effective communication with dogs. 9 Children are more likely to provide dogs with out-of-reach items when ________. A. dogs ignored them B. their favour would be returned C. dogs showed an interest in them D. the items were on the toddler’s side 10. What does the underlined word “underpinned” in paragraph 6 mean? A. Delayed. B. Strengthened. C. Assessed. D. Corrected. 11. What is the last paragraph of the text mainly about? A. The significance of the research. B. The application of the research. C. Expectations for further research. D. New perspectives of scientists. D Without ready access to a time machine, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have built an AI-powered chatbot that simulates (模拟) a user’s older self and dishes out observations and wisdom. It has the potential to significantly impact how people make decisions today with their future wellbeing in mind. To interact with the chatbot, users are first asked to answer a series of questions about themselves, their friends and family, the past experiences that shaped them, and the ideal life they envision for the future. They then upload a portrait image, which the program digitally ages to produce a likeness of the user aged 60. Next, the program feeds information from the user’s answers into a large language model that generates rich synthetic (合成) memories for the simulated older self. This ensures that when the chatbot responds to questions, it draws on a relevant backstory. The final part of the system is the chatbot itself, powered by OpenAI’s GPT3.5, which introduces itself as a potential older version of the user that is able to talk about its life experiences. Users are told the “future self” is not a prediction but rather a potential future self. They are encouraged to explore different futures by changing their answers to the questionnaire. Pataranutaporn, who works on the Future You project at MIT’s Media Lab, has had several conversations with his “future self”, but said the most profound (深远的) was when the chatbot reminded him that his parents would not be around for ever, so he should spend time with them while he could. “The session gave me a perspective that is still impactful to me to this day,” he said. “From a practical standpoint, the effectiveness will likely depend on how well it can simulate meaningful and relevant conversations,” he added. “If users perceive the chatbot as genuine and insightful, it could significantly influence their behaviour. However, if the interactions feel shallow, the impact might be limited.” 12. What can the “future self” chatbot help its users do? A. Improve their welfare. B. Inspire wise life choices. C. Polish their future selves. D. Get access to a time machine. 13. What is crucial to the production of an older version of the users? A. Their portrait image. B. Their memory ability. C. The information provided. D. The language model employed. 14. What does the underlined word “session” in paragraph 6 refer to? A. Pataranutaporn’s work at MIT’s Media Lab. B. The good old days of Pataranutaporn’s parents. C. The precious time Pataranutaporm spent with his parents. D. Pataranutaporn’s most profound talk with his "future self". 15. How does Pataranutaporn comment on the effectiveness of the chatbot? A. It depends. B. It doesn’t last long. C. It will be carefully checked. D. It will be disastrous. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Overcome Challenges When Learning from Failure Failure is a bitter pill to swallow, isn’t it? But, it’s often in the most difficult moments, in the ashes of defeat, that we find our greatest opportunities for growth. ___16___ This guide will look into the common challenges associated with learning from failure and how to overcome them. ● Dealing with emotional stress and burnout Failure often comes with a heavy emotional burden. ___17___ The first step in overcoming this challenge is acknowledging these emotions. It’s okay to feel disappointed — but don’t let your failure define you. Instead, view it as a temporary setback, not an endpoint. ● Maintaining focus and vision After a failure, it’s easy to lose sight of your original vision. But maintaining your focus on your long-term goals is critical. Take a step back, reflect on your vision, and rearrange your strategies accordingly. Yes, you might need to adjust your plans or timelines, but don’t let failure ruin your overall vision. ___18___ ● Continuous learning and skill development The greatest lesson from failure is the opportunity to learn. Develop a growth mindset and invest in continuous learning — attend workshops, read books, or take online courses. ___19___ Analyze your mistakes, draw lessons, and use those insights to refine your strategies. With each failure, you’re beginning with more experience. ● Accepting failure as a pathway to success ___20___ It’s merely a detour on the road to success. It offers an incomparable opportunity for growth and innovation. By addressing these challenges with the right mindset, you can transform your setbacks into comebacks and transform failure into your stepping-stone towards success. A. Don’t forget that failure itself is a teacher. B. Learning from failure can be complicated. C. To strike this balance, make data-driven decisions. D. Failure is not the opposite of success — it’s a part of it. E. You can adapt to changes and avoid the same mistakes. F. You kicked off this journey for a reason — hold onto that. G. Feelings of inadequacy, stress, and fear can quickly lead to burnout. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I used to be 20kg overweight and unfit. After struggling with my ___21___ all my life, I finally saw a dietitian. I lost 20kg in nine months. My self-esteem (自尊) increased and I had more ___22___ for life. Losing the weight made a huge difference to my ability to ___23___ myself and do more. At 54, I ___24___ a 14-day trek (旅行) to Nepal. I’d once been a big ___25___ — I left Australia at the age of 23 and didn’t return until I was 31, backpacking and living on the smell of an oily rag for years. It felt like time to ___26___ with travel. That Nepal trek was the beginning of my ___27___ for remote lands and long-distance walking. I got fitter and stronger. I loved ___28___ in remote countries, seeing wide open spaces, falling into a tent every night and sleeping 10 hours. The nonsense of my life was ___29___. There was nothing to ___30___ except putting one foot in front of the other and ___31___ the day. At 70, I’m still out there hiking. Over the past 10 years I have done some ___32___ stuff: Nepal, South America, Africa and Mongolia. The more ___33___ , the harder, the better. I work hard at creating an interesting ___34___ for myself. I continue to think big, to ___35___ myself, to set targets that I cannot imagine I can make. 21. A. budget B. weight C. study D. identity 22. A. energy B. help C. duty D. concern 23. A. relax B. protect C. push D. express 24. A. dropped out of B. signed up for C. cut down on D. thought back to 25. A. dreamer B. consumer C. dealer D. traveller 26. A. reconnect B. break C. wrestle D. live 27. A. passion B. greed C. respect D. talent 28. A. volunteering B. working C. hiking D. settling 29. A. critical B. troublesome C. impressive D. forgotten 30. A. leave behind B. think about C. weigh up D. make out 31. A. wasting B. saving C. celebrating D. finishing 32. A. tough B. pleasant C. plain D. safe 33. A. civilized B. remote C. diverse D. populous 34. A. life B. job C. story D. bond 35. A. amuse B. comfort C. accept D. challenge 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Zongzi is a traditional food for celebrating Duanwu festival. In fact, zongzi existed long before Qu Yuan. It would be more accurate to say that Qu Yuan made zongzi ___36___ (famous). This tasty dish ___37___ (consist) of rice dumplings with meat, peanuts, egg yolks or other fillings wrapped in reed leaves. Zongzi differs ___38___ taste from one place to another across China. There are mainly two ___39___ (taste) of zongzi: sweet or savory. But nowadays, people even make zongzi with mixed sweet and savory fillings. Making zongzi together is a wonderful family event before or during the festival. There are specific instructions to produce each piece, from ___40___ to add stuffing to the rice, weigh and shape each piece, to wrapping each pyramid-shaped dumpling by hand. It does take a little effort ___41___ (make) these Chinese sticky rice dumplings, but the result is a delicacy ___42___ makes it worth your time. Zongzi has to be cooked for about 3 hours to get the rice sticky. Arrange the wrapped zongzi in the pot in a way to minimize the amount of space between them. This prevents zongzi from floating and rice from escaping during the ___43___ (boil) process. In the ___44___ (pursue) of fast rhythms during the workday, we can surely re-concentrate our spirit and wash off stress in this activity. Wouldn’t ___45___ be fun to enjoy making zongzi with friends or family on the weekend? 第四部分 写作（共两节；满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，上周末你们班在当地的助老中心参加了志愿者活动。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括： （1）你所做的工作； （2）你的感想。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear Chris, I’m writing to share with you the voluntary work I did in the local nursing house last weekend. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was shy when I was thirteen. I was also what most teachers would call a “good kid.” I followed the rules and rarely questioned authority. But then one day, one single ride on a school bus changed all that. The school bus that day was crowded, hot and smelly. The windows were all rolled up—the driver’s order—it was simply raining too hard to have them down. My classmates were engaged in heated conversations and games. The driver had shouted at several kids who had been standing up in their seats and yelling. I sat alone as usual, speaking to no one. Over and over, I carefully wiped a small circle through the cloud on my window so that I could look outside. People raced here and there, grasping umbrellas or covering their heads with jackets. The bus stopped, waiting for an accident to clear. As I sat quietly, waiting and watching, I saw a kitty across the street on the other side of the road. He was all wet and didn’t seem to know how to get out of the rain. I wanted to go get the kitty, but I knew the bus driver, Mrs. Foster, would never allow me off the bus. It was against the rules to even stand up. I also thought if I pointed out the pitiful cat, the other kids would probably think that I was weird (奇怪的) , even weirder than they already thought I was. I didn’t want things to get any worse than they were. My window was cloudy again, and when I wiped it clear, I could see the kitty was struggling in what seemed to be a flooded river. He was now up to his neck in cold water, but his little front paws were holding on to the bars covering the storm drain (排水沟) . I saw absolute terror in his dark, round eyes. 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。 Many thoughts raced through my mind. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Everyone stopped talking and looked at me, waiting. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024年南通市高二学年度质量监测 英语 注意事项： 考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求。 1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Fix the seats. B. Repair a light. C. Replace a window. 2. What will the speakers do tonight? A. Play mobile games. B. Watch a movie. C. Do their homework. 3. What is the woman doing? A. Asking the way. B. Putting up a sign. C. Walking to the park. 4. What does the man feel regretful for? A. Losing touch with friends. B. Having some bad memories. C. Remembering little about childhood. 5. Where is Tom? A. At a garden. B. At a restaurant. C. At a supermarket. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does the woman need most now? A. Biscuits. B. Water. C. Apples. 7. Which place will the speakers go next? A. To a forest. B. To a shop. C. To a hill. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Where are the speakers going at the weekend? A. To a golf course. B. To a farm. C. To the town. 9. Why are the speakers making the plan? A. To take a rest. B. To talk about business. C. To celebrate a birthday. 10. When are the speakers leaving? A. On Friday morning. B. On Friday afternoon. C. On Friday evening. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What picture is on the man's shirt? A A famous city. B. A dog. C. A band. 12. When was the man's grandfather probably born? A. In 1950. B. In 1951. C. In 1961. 13. What do we know about Three Dog Night? A. They changed their name. B. They mainly played pop music. C. They once worked with Redwood. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. How does the man feel about his interview? A. A bit worried. B. Greatly confident. C. Terribly disappointed. 15. Why did the woman apply to the University of Michigan? A. It's her dream university. B. Her father wants her to go there. C. She believes it's a great medical school. 16. What does the woman want to be? A. A reporter. B. A teacher. C. A doctor. 17. What is the most probable relationship between the speakers? A. Workmates. B. Strangers. C. Classmates. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. What food is rich in vitamin D? A. Bones. B. Oily cake. C. Cheese. 19. What is the survival rate of patients in the second group after their operations? A. 30%. B. 46%. C. 72%. 20. What is the main idea of the talk? A. An introduction to cancer. B. Different treatments for cancer. C. Vitamin D's benefit for people with a certain cancer. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Old Town, History & Tales Tour ●About This walking tour is a perfect way to start your trip & an excellent basis for our other tours, offering you an excellent overview of the city, so you can have a complete Edinburgh experience! Covering everything from history to religion & folklore, this walking tour is our original tour of Edinburgh’s medieval Old Town. By exploring the city with a guide, you’ll be able to stop looking at a map and focus on enjoying the sites around you. Our talented and entertaining guides will walk you through the streets and alleys of Auld Reekie (Edinburgh) while enthralling (迷住) you with its history, folklore and tales! We are very proud of the high quality of all of our tours and the Old Town Tour is no exception. However, don’t take our word for it. Check out our near flawless TripAdvisor reviews. Start Time Summer Season: Daily; 10: 00, 12: 00 & 14: 00 Winter Season: Daily; 10: 30 & 13: 30 Duration Approximately 2h Cost Adult — £20 Child (5-15) — £10 Under 5s free! ●Additional Information Non-service animals are not allowed. Digital translations in English, German, French, Italian, Spanish & Mandarin available on request. We unfortunately do not advise guests in wheelchairs to join the tour, due to the narrow stairways. We apologize for any inconvenience or disappointment caused. These tours run all the year round so please wear clothing that is appropriate for the Scottish climate and come in footwear that you are comfortable in for a two-hour walking tour on the historic streets of Edinburgh. 1. How can visitors benefit from the Edinburgh tour? A. They will chart the map of the city. B. They will develop good ties with guides. C. They will become more focused in classes. D. They will have a better understanding of the city. 2. How much would a couple with two kids aged 4 and 8 pay for admission? A. £30. B. £40. C. £50. D. £60. 3. What are the visitors advised to do? A. Dress appropriately. B. Use wheelchairs. C. Take non-service pets. D. Hire a translator. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了“老城、历史与传说之旅”的相关信息和细节，包括旅游的内容、时间、费用以及其他附加信息 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“This walking tour is a perfect way to start your trip & an excellent basis for our other tours, offering you an excellent overview of the city, so you can have a complete Edinburgh experience!(这次徒步旅行是开始您的旅程的完美方式，也是我们其他旅行的良好基础，为您提供城市的绝佳全景，让您有一个完整的爱丁堡体验!)”可知，这个步行旅游可以让你更好地了解这个城市，是开始你的旅行和其他旅游活动的良好基础。因此，游客可以从爱丁堡旅游中更好地了解这个城市。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中的Cost部分，成人票价为£20，5-15岁儿童票价为£10，5岁以下儿童免费。所以，一对夫妇需要支付2 x £20 = £40，而他们的两个孩子中，8岁的孩子需要支付£10，4岁的孩子免费。因此，他们总共需要支付£40 + £10 = £50。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“These tours run all the year round so please wear clothing that is appropriate for the Scottish climate and come in footwear that you are comfortable in for a two-hour walking tour on the historic streets of Edinburgh.(这些旅游全年都有，所以请穿着适合苏格兰气候的衣服，穿上舒适的鞋子，在爱丁堡历史悠久的街道上进行两小时的徒步旅行)”可知，游客被建议穿着适合苏格兰气候的衣服，穿上舒适的鞋子。故选A项。 B At 67, Margaret Bending performed her first professional show. Taking to the stage in February 2020, Bending launched into a dance and theatre piece accompanied by those all aged over 60. “I was terrified but as soon as we got going, I realized that this was what I had been looking for,” she says. “Moving my body and being surrounded by all these wonderful performers, I felt completely liberated.” Growing up in 1960s Lincolnshire, Bending’s first love was space exploration. Determined to make it into space after witnessing Yuri Gagarin’s Vostok 1 flight as a seven-year-old in 1961, Bending went on to do a PhD at Leicester University and began working at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on rocket launches. By 1990, she’d had her first child and decided to pause her career to homeschool. Over the next two decades, she homeschooled her other three children until, in 2015, her youngest son departed for university and she found herself with an empty nest at her North Yorkshire home. “It felt as if I was done with working and parenting so it was now time for a new chapter to begin,” she says. Looking back on her childhood hobbies for inspiration during retirement. Bending landed on one memory. “When I was 14 or 15, I played the part of Anitra in a school production and I loved it,” she says. “I remember the joy of dancing.” Bending began researching local performance courses and landed on Leeds Playhouse’s Heydays programme. Every Wednesday morning, she would attend half-day workshops on everything from reading plays aloud to dancing salsa and improvisation (即兴表演) . Now 71, Bending has since become so fond of stage work that in 2023 she performed her own one-woman show, The Story of a Rocket Scientist, dramatising her career to an audience of 80 people. She has also more recently become a paid member of the Performance Ensemble, facilitating community outreach programmes to encourage older people to try their hand at taking part in performance. “The whole experience has been exciting, and it’s made me so much more confident,” she says. “People stop seeing you as an individual in your 60s but by getting on stage we can show the world that we still have things to say, experiences to share and a future to work towards.” 4. How did Bending view her first professional show? A. It was far from perfect. B. It would bring her fame. C. It would improve her fitness. D. It gave her a sense of freedom. 5. What inspired Bending to take up performing? A. A teenage encounter. B. A space flight broadcast. C. Her homeschooling experience. D. Her long-held dream. 6. What do we know about The Story of a Rocket Scientist? A. It had a high box office. B. It is starred by famous actors. C. It is about Bending’s experience. D. It has attracted more seniors to the show. 7. What message does the text intend to convey? A. Rome was not built in a day. B. One is never too old to start. C. Many hands make light work. D. Actions speak louder than words. 【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Bending在老年完成了工作和育儿后，开始追求自己的爱好——表演的故事。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第一段“‘I was terrified but as soon as we got going, I realized that this was what I had been looking for,’ she says. ‘Moving my body and being surrounded by all these wonderful performers, I felt completely liberated.’(她说：‘我很害怕，但我们一出发，我就意识到这就是我一直在寻找的。移动我的身体，被这些出色的表演者包围，我感到完全解放了。’)”可知，Bending认为她的第一场专业演出给了她一种自由的感觉。故选D项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段“‘When I was 14 or 15, I played the part of Anitra in a school production and I loved it, ’she says.‘I remember the joy of dancing.’(她说：“当我14或15岁的时候，我在一部学校制作的电影中扮演Anitra一角，我很喜欢。我记得跳舞的快乐。’)”可知，青少年时期的一次与表演的邂逅让Bending爱上了表演。故选A项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第五段“Now 71, Bending has since become so fond of stage work that in 2023 she performed her own one-woman show, The Story of a Rocket Scientist, dramatising her career to an audience of 80 people.(现年71岁的Bending从此非常喜欢舞台工作，以至于在2023年，她表演了自己的单人秀《火箭科学家的故事》，向80名观众戏剧性地展示了自己的职业生涯)”可知，《火箭科学家的故事》是关于Bending自己的经历。故选C项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第一段“At 67, Margaret Bending performed her first professional show. Taking to the stage in February 2020， Bending launched into a dance and theatre piece accompanied by those all aged over 60. (67岁时，Margaret Bending表演了她的第一场职业演出。2020年2月，Bending在60岁以上老人的陪伴下登台表演了一首舞蹈和戏剧作品)”以及文章内容可知，文章讲述了Bending在老年完成了工作和育儿后，开始追求自己的爱好——表演的故事。所以B项One is never too old to start.(一个人从不会老到不能开始。)符合语境。故选B项。 C Children as young as two years old went out of their way to help dogs get toys and tasty treats that were placed beyond their reach, despite never having met the animals before, scientists found. The work suggests that toddlers could not only understand the dogs’ desires, but were willing and able to help them out, even though the chances of the dogs returning the favour were small. The researchers recruited 97 toddlers aged between 20 and 47 months and watched them interact with three child-friendly dogs at the University of Michigan’s child lab. In the experiments researchers dropped toys or snacks just beyond the dog’s reach, on the toddler’s side of a fence that separated the two. Writing in the journal Human-Animal Interactions, the scientists describe how toddlers were twice as likely to hand over unreachable toys and treats when dogs displayed curiosity towards them. The children helped in half of all instances when dogs wanted the objects, but only in a quarter of cases when the animals showed no interest. “It’s been known for a long time that toddlers will go out of their way to help struggling humans, even strangers,” said Prof Henry Wellman, a senior author on the study at the University of Michigan. But it was unclear whether humans developed such altruism (利他主义) only towards other people, who might help back, and not other species. The study shows “it applies to other animals too”, Wellman said, “like dogs they will never see again”. Friendly behaviour towards other species, even in children who are still learning to walk and talk, may have helped humans thrive (兴旺) around the world, the researchers say. Apparently altruistic acts, such as leaving food out for animals, could have underpinned practices that led to the domestication of species from dogs and cats to cows, pigs, sheep and horses. “Animal domestication was really advantageous to human survival. It really enabled us to live and thrive, there’s a huge benefit,” said Wellman. “Why we came to domesticate animals is a big mystery (谜) , and this is one piece of evidence that might help us to understand that mystery.” Future studies are needed to examine other psychological components of instrumental helping, including what emotions underlie a child’s motivation to help dogs, how culture shapes these motivations, and how these processes change as a child grows older. 8. What did the research finding mainly reveal about children? A. Their playing games with dogs. B. Their helping behaviour towards dogs. C. Their sharing favourite treats with dogs. D. Their effective communication with dogs. 9. Children are more likely to provide dogs with out-of-reach items when ________. A. dogs ignored them B. their favour would be returned C. dogs showed an interest in them D. the items were on the toddler’s side 10. What does the underlined word “underpinned” in paragraph 6 mean? A. Delayed. B. Strengthened. C. Assessed. D. Corrected. 11. What is the last paragraph of the text mainly about? A. The significance of the research. B. The application of the research. C. Expectations for further research. D. New perspectives of scientists. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。描述了一项关于儿童对狗帮助行为的研究，包括研究目的、方法、结果和结论，以及对未来研究的展望。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Children as young as two years old went out of their way to help dogs get toys and tasty treats that were placed beyond their reach, despite never having met the animals before, scientists found.(科学家们发现，尽管以前从未见过狗狗，但年仅两岁的孩子们还是会不遗余力地帮助它们拿到放在它们够不着的玩具和美味的食物)”可知，研究结果主要揭示了关于儿童对狗的帮助行为。故选B项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Writing in the journal Human-Animal Interactions, the scientists describe how toddlers were twice as likely to hand over unreachable toys and treats when dogs displayed curiosity towards them. The children helped in half of all instances when dogs wanted the objects, but only in a quarter of cases when the animals showed no interest.(科学家们在《人类与动物的互动》杂志上写道，当狗对幼儿表现出好奇心时，幼儿交出遥不可及的玩具和零食的可能性是平时的两倍。当狗狗想要这些东西时，孩子们在一半的情况下会帮忙，但当狗狗没有兴趣时，孩子们只在四分之一的情况下帮忙)”可知，当狗对孩子们表现出兴趣时，孩子们更有可能给狗提供它们够不着的东西。故选C项。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线所在句子“Apparently altruistic acts, such as leaving food out for animals, could have underpinned practices that led to the domestication of species from dogs and cats to cows, pigs, sheep and horses.(明显的利他行为，比如为动物留下食物，可能已经underpinned了导致物种驯化的做法，从狗和猫到牛、猪、羊和马)”推知，此处应是“加强了导致物种驯化的做法”符合语境，所以underpinned应是“加强”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Future studies are needed to examine other psychological components of instrumental helping, including what emotions underlie a child’s motivation to help dogs, how culture shapes these motivations, and how these processes change as a child grows older.(未来的研究需要检验工具性帮助的其他心理成分，包括儿童帮助狗的动机背后的情感，文化如何塑造这些动机，以及这些过程如何随着儿童年龄的增长而变化)”可知，本段主要讲述了对未来研究的期望，需要研究其他工具性帮助的心理成分，包括孩子帮助狗的动机背后的情感、文化如何塑造这些动机以及这些过程如何随着孩子的成长而改变。故选C项。 D Without ready access to a time machine, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have built an AI-powered chatbot that simulates (模拟) a user’s older self and dishes out observations and wisdom. It has the potential to significantly impact how people make decisions today with their future wellbeing in mind. To interact with the chatbot, users are first asked to answer a series of questions about themselves, their friends and family, the past experiences that shaped them, and the ideal life they envision for the future. They then upload a portrait image, which the program digitally ages to produce a likeness of the user aged 60. Next, the program feeds information from the user’s answers into a large language model that generates rich synthetic (合成) memories for the simulated older self. This ensures that when the chatbot responds to questions, it draws on a relevant backstory. The final part of the system is the chatbot itself, powered by OpenAI’s GPT3.5, which introduces itself as a potential older version of the user that is able to talk about its life experiences. Users are told the “future self” is not a prediction but rather a potential future self. They are encouraged to explore different futures by changing their answers to the questionnaire. Pataranutaporn, who works on the Future You project at MIT’s Media Lab, has had several conversations with his “future self”, but said the most profound (深远的) was when the chatbot reminded him that his parents would not be around for ever, so he should spend time with them while he could. “The session gave me a perspective that is still impactful to me to this day,” he said. “From a practical standpoint, the effectiveness will likely depend on how well it can simulate meaningful and relevant conversations,” he added. “If users perceive the chatbot as genuine and insightful, it could significantly influence their behaviour. However, if the interactions feel shallow, the impact might be limited.” 12. What can the “future self” chatbot help its users do? A. Improve their welfare. B. Inspire wise life choices. C. Polish their future selves. D. Get access to a time machine. 13. What is crucial to the production of an older version of the users? A. Their portrait image. B. Their memory ability. C. The information provided. D. The language model employed. 14. What does the underlined word “session” in paragraph 6 refer to? A. Pataranutaporn’s work at MIT’s Media Lab. B. The good old days of Pataranutaporn’s parents. C. The precious time Pataranutaporm spent with his parents. D. Pataranutaporn’s most profound talk with his "future self". 15. How does Pataranutaporn comment on the effectiveness of the chatbot? A. It depends. B. It doesn’t last long. C. It will be carefully checked. D. It will be disastrous. 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。详细介绍了麻省理工学院（MIT）研究人员开发的一款基于人工智能（AI）的聊天机器人，这款聊天机器人能够模拟用户的未来自我，并给出观察和智慧。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Without ready access to a time machine, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have built an AI-powered chatbot that simulates (模拟) a user’s older self and dishes out observations and wisdom. It has the potential to significantly impact how people make decisions today with their future wellbeing in mind.(麻省理工学院(MIT)的研究人员在没有现成的时光机的情况下，制造了一个人工智能聊天机器人，它可以模拟用户的老年自我，并提供观察和智慧。它有可能显著影响人们在考虑未来福祉的情况下做出决定的方式)”可知，“future self”聊天机器人可以帮助用户做出明智的生活选择，考虑未来的福祉。故选B项。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Next, the program feeds information from the user’s answers into a large language model that generates rich synthetic (合成) memories for the simulated older self. This ensures that when the chatbot responds to questions, it draws on a relevant backstory.(接下来，该程序将用户回答中的信息输入一个大型语言模型，该模型为模拟的老年自我生成丰富的合成记忆。这确保了当聊天机器人回答问题时，它会利用相关的背景故事)”可知，用户提供的信息对于生成用户老年版是至关重要的。故选C项。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据前文“Pataranutaporn, who works on the Future You project at MIT’s Media Lab, has had several conversations with his “future self”, but said the most profound (深远的) was when the chatbot reminded him that his parents would not be around for ever, so he should spend time with them while he could.(Pataranutaporn在麻省理工学院媒体实验室从事“未来你”项目，他已经和“未来的自己”进行了几次对话，但他说，最深刻的一次是聊天机器人提醒他，他的父母不会永远在身边，所以他应该尽可能多地和他们在一起)”可知，本段提到了“最深刻的”一次与“未来的自己”的对话，这次对话给了他一个至今仍然对他有影响力的视角。因此，“session”指的是Pataranutaporn与他的“未来的自己”最深刻的对话。故选D项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段““From a practical standpoint, the effectiveness will likely depend on how well it can simulate meaningful and relevant conversations,” he added. “If users perceive the chatbot as genuine and insightful, it could significantly influence their behaviour. However, if the interactions feel shallow, the impact might be limited.”(他补充说：“从实际的角度来看，效果可能取决于它能在多大程度上模拟有意义和相关的对话。”“如果用户认为聊天机器人真诚而有洞察力，它可能会对他们的行为产生重大影响。然而，如果互动感觉很肤浅，那么影响可能是有限的。”)”可知，Pataranutaporn认为聊天机器人的有效性取决于它模拟有意义和相关对话的能力，即“取决于情况”。故选A项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Overcome Challenges When Learning from Failure Failure is a bitter pill to swallow, isn’t it? But, it’s often in the most difficult moments, in the ashes of defeat, that we find our greatest opportunities for growth. ___16___ This guide will look into the common challenges associated with learning from failure and how to overcome them. ● Dealing with emotional stress and burnout Failure often comes with a heavy emotional burden. ___17___ The first step in overcoming this challenge is acknowledging these emotions. It’s okay to feel disappointed — but don’t let your failure define you. Instead, view it as a temporary setback, not an endpoint. ● Maintaining focus and vision After a failure, it’s easy to lose sight of your original vision. But maintaining your focus on your long-term goals is critical. Take a step back, reflect on your vision, and rearrange your strategies accordingly. Yes, you might need to adjust your plans or timelines, but don’t let failure ruin your overall vision. ___18___ ● Continuous learning and skill development The greatest lesson from failure is the opportunity to learn. Develop a growth mindset and invest in continuous learning — attend workshops, read books, or take online courses. ___19___ Analyze your mistakes, draw lessons, and use those insights to refine your strategies. With each failure, you’re beginning with more experience. ● Accepting failure as a pathway to success ___20___ It’s merely a detour on the road to success. It offers an incomparable opportunity for growth and innovation. By addressing these challenges with the right mindset, you can transform your setbacks into comebacks and transform failure into your stepping-stone towards success. A. Don’t forget that failure itself is a teacher. B. Learning from failure can be complicated. C. To strike this balance, make data-driven decisions. D. Failure is not the opposite of success — it’s a part of it. E. You can adapt to changes and avoid the same mistakes. F. You kicked off this journey for a reason — hold onto that. G. Feelings of inadequacy, stress, and fear can quickly lead to burnout. 【答案】16 B 17. G 18. F 19. A 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讨论了如何从失败中学习和克服挑战，给出了具体的建议和方法。 【16题详解】 根据前文“Failure is a bitter pill to swallow, isn’t it? But, it’s often in the most difficult moments, in the ashes of defeat, that we find our greatest opportunities for growth.(失败是难以下咽的苦果，不是吗？但是，往往是在最困难的时刻，在失败的灰烬中，我们找到了最大的成长机会)”以及后文“This guide will look into the common challenges associated with learning from failure and how to overcome them.(本指南将探讨与从失败中学习有关的常见挑战以及如何克服它们)”可知，前文讲述在失败中找到了最大的成长机会，后文讲述本文主要探讨从失败中学习的方法，所以空处应是过渡句，B项“Learning from failure can be complicated.(从失败中学习是很复杂的)”承接上文，并引出下文，符合文意。故选B项。 【17题详解】 根据本段小标题“Dealing with emotional stress and burnout(处理情绪压力和倦怠)”以及前文“Failure often comes with a heavy emotional burden.(失败往往伴随着沉重的情感负担)”可知，本段主要讲述如何处理情绪压力和倦怠，所以G项“Feelings of inadequacy, stress, and fear can quickly lead to burnout.(不足、压力和恐惧的感觉会很快导致精疲力竭)”是对前文讲述的情感负担的详细说明，符合此处主题。故选G项。 【18题详解】 设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“After a failure, it’s easy to lose sight of your original vision. But maintaining your focus on your long-term goals is critical. Take a step back, reflect on your vision, and rearrange your strategies accordingly. Yes, you might need to adjust your plans or timelines, but don’t let failure ruin your overall vision.(失败之后，你很容易忘记自己最初的愿景。但保持对长期目标的关注是至关重要的。退后一步，反思你的愿景，并相应地重新安排你的策略。是的，你可能需要调整你的计划或时间表，但不要让失败毁了你的整体愿景)”可知，本段主要讲述了即使失败了也不要放弃原本的目标，改变策略继续前进，所以F项“You kicked off this journey for a reason — hold onto that.(你开始这段旅程是有原因的——坚持下去)”符合本段主题，是对前文的总结。故选F项。 【19题详解】 根据后文“Analyze your mistakes, draw lessons, and use those insights to refine your strategies. With each failure, you’re beginning with more experience.(分析你的错误，吸取教训，并利用这些见解来完善你的策略。每经历一次失败，你都会有更多的经验)”可知，此处是在讲述从失败中学习，所以A项“Don’t forget that failure itself is a teacher.(不要忘记，失败本身就是一位老师)”符合此处主题，引出下文。故选A项。 【20题详解】 设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“It’s merely a detour on the road to success. It offers an incomparable opportunity for growth and innovation. By addressing these challenges with the right mindset, you can transform your setbacks into comebacks and transform failure into your stepping-stone towards success.(这只不过是成功路上的一个弯路。它为增长和创新提供了无与伦比的机会。用正确的心态来应对这些挑战，你就能把挫折变成反击，把失败变成通往成功的垫脚石)”可知，本段讲述了失败是通往成功的垫脚石，所以D项“Failure is not the opposite of success — it’s a part of it.(失败不是成功的对立面——它是成功的一部分)”符合本段主题，为本段中心句。故选D项。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I used to be 20kg overweight and unfit. After struggling with my ___21___ all my life, I finally saw a dietitian. I lost 20kg in nine months. My self-esteem (自尊) increased and I had more ___22___ for life. Losing the weight made a huge difference to my ability to ___23___ myself and do more. At 54, I ___24___ a 14-day trek (旅行) to Nepal. I’d once been a big ___25___ — I left Australia at the age of 23 and didn’t return until I was 31, backpacking and living on the smell of an oily rag for years. It felt like time to ___26___ with travel. That Nepal trek was the beginning of my ___27___ for remote lands and long-distance walking. I got fitter and stronger. I loved ___28___ in remote countries, seeing wide open spaces, falling into a tent every night and sleeping 10 hours. The nonsense of my life was ___29___. There was nothing to ___30___ except putting one foot in front of the other and ___31___ the day. At 70, I’m still out there hiking. Over the past 10 years I have done some ___32___ stuff: Nepal, South America, Africa and Mongolia. The more ___33___ , the harder, the better. I work hard at creating an interesting ___34___ for myself. I continue to think big, to ___35___ myself, to set targets that I cannot imagine I can make. 21. A. budget B. weight C. study D. identity 22. A. energy B. help C. duty D. concern 23. A. relax B. protect C. push D. express 24. A. dropped out of B. signed up for C. cut down on D. thought back to 25. A. dreamer B. consumer C. dealer D. traveller 26. A. reconnect B. break C. wrestle D. live 27. A. passion B. greed C. respect D. talent 28. A. volunteering B. working C. hiking D. settling 29. A. critical B. troublesome C. impressive D. forgotten 30. A. leave behind B. think about C. weigh up D. make out 31. A. wasting B. saving C. celebrating D. finishing 32. A. tough B. pleasant C. plain D. safe 33. A. civilized B. remote C. diverse D. populous 34. A. life B. job C. story D. bond 35. A. amuse B. comfort C. accept D. challenge 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历和感受，讲述了减肥和旅行带来的生活变化和个人成长，以及对此的深刻体会和思考。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在与体重抗争了一辈子之后，我终于去看了一位营养师。A. budget预算；B. weight重量；C. study学习、研究；D. identity身份。根据前文“I used to be 20kg overweight and unfit.”可知，作者超重，所以是和他的体重抗争。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的自尊心增强了，生活也更有活力了。A. energy精力；B. help帮助；C. duty职责；D. concern关心。根据前文“I lost 20kg in nine months”可知，作者减掉了20公斤，根据实际，减肥能让人更有精力。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：减肥让我的能力发生了巨大的变化，促使我做更多的事情。A. relax放松；B. protect保护；C. push促使；D. express表达。根据前文“Losing the weight made a huge difference to my ability”可知，减肥让作者的能力发生了巨大的变化，结合选项，应是促使他做更多的事情，符合语境。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：54岁时，我报名参加了为期14天的尼泊尔徒步旅行。A. dropped out of退出；B. signed up for报名参加；C. cut down on削减；D. thought back to回想起。根据后文“That Nepal trek was the beginning of my 　　　7　　　 for remote lands and long-distance walking.”可知，作者参加了尼泊尔徒步旅行，所以此处是报名参加。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我曾经是个大旅行家——我23岁离开澳大利亚，直到31岁才回来，多年来背包旅行，生活在油布的气味中。A. dreamer梦想家；B. consumer消费者；C. dealer经销商；D. traveller旅行者。根据后文“I left Australia at the age of 23 and didn’t return until I was 31, backpacking and living on the smell of an oily rag for years.”可知，作者从23岁到31岁一直在做背包旅行，所以是个大旅行家。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：感觉是时候重新开始旅行了。A. reconnect重新连接；B. break打破；C. wrestle摔跤；D. live生活。根据前文“I left Australia at the age of 23 and didn’t return until I was 31”以及“At 54, I 　　　4　　　 a 14-day trek (旅行) to Nepal.”可知，作者的旅行到31岁停止了，当他54时报名了14天的尼泊尔徒步旅行，所以是重新开始旅行了。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那次尼泊尔徒步旅行开始了我对偏远地区和长途徒步的热情。A. passion激情；B. greed贪婪；C. respect尊重；D. talent天赋。根据后文“I loved 　　　8　　　 in remote countries, seeing wide open spaces, falling into a tent every night and sleeping 10 hours.”可知，作者喜欢在偏远的国家徒步旅行，看到广阔的空间，所以是尼泊尔徒步旅行开始了作者对偏远地区和长途徒步的热情。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢在偏远国家徒步旅行，看到广阔的空间，每晚躺在帐篷里睡10个小时。A. volunteering志愿服务；B. working工作；C. hiking徒步；D. settling定居。根据前文“That Nepal trek was the beginning of my 　　　7　　　 for remote lands and long-distance walking.”可知，作者爱上了在偏远的国家徒步旅行。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我生活中的琐事都被遗忘了。A. critical关键的；B. troublesome麻烦的；C. impressive印象深刻的；D. forgotten被遗忘的。根据后文“There was nothing to 　　　10　　　 except putting one foot in front of the other and 　　　11　　　 the day.”可知，作者除了庆祝这一天外，没什么可以考虑的，所以是生活中的琐事都被遗忘了。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：除了把一只脚放在另一只脚前面，结束这一天之外，没有什么可考虑的。A. leave behind留下；B. think about考虑；C. weigh up权衡；D. make out辨认出。根据前文“The nonsense of my life was 　　　9　　　.”可知，生活中的琐事都被遗忘了，所以是没有什么可考虑的。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了把一只脚放在另一只脚的前面，结束这一天，没有什么可考虑的。A. wasting浪费；B. saving节省；C. celebrating庆祝；D. finishing完成。根据前文“putting one foot in front of the other”可知，作者在偏远的国家徒步旅行，躺在帐篷里结束这一天外，就没有什么可考虑的。故选D项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在过去的10年里，我去过一些艰苦的地方：尼泊尔、南美、非洲和蒙古。A. tough艰苦的；B. pleasant愉快的；C. plain简单的；D. safe安全的。根据前文“I loved 　　　8　　　 in remote countries”可知，作者在偏远的国家徒步旅行，一般这些地方都是艰苦的地方。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：越偏远，越难，越好。A. civilized文明的；B. remote遥远的；C. diverse多样的；D. populous人口稠密的。根据前文“I loved 　　　8　　　 in remote countries”可知，作者喜欢在偏远的国家徒步旅行，所以他认为越偏远，越难，越好。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我努力为自己创造一个有趣的生活。A. life生活；B. job工作；C. story故事；D. bond纽带。根据前文“The more 　　　13　　　 , the harder, the better.”可知，作者努力为自己创造一个有趣的生活。故选A项。 35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我继续大胆思考，挑战自我，设定我无法想象自己能实现的目标。A. amuse娱乐；B. comfort安慰；C. accept接受；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“to set targets that I cannot imagine I can make.”可知，作者设定他无法想象自己能实现的目标，所以是挑战自己。故选D项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Zongzi is a traditional food for celebrating Duanwu festival. In fact, zongzi existed long before Qu Yuan. It would be more accurate to say that Qu Yuan made zongzi ___36___ (famous). This tasty dish ___37___ (consist) of rice dumplings with meat, peanuts, egg yolks or other fillings wrapped in reed leaves. Zongzi differs ___38___ taste from one place to another across China. There are mainly two ___39___ (taste) of zongzi: sweet or savory. But nowadays, people even make zongzi with mixed sweet and savory fillings. Making zongzi together is a wonderful family event before or during the festival. There are specific instructions to produce each piece, from ___40___ to add stuffing to the rice, weigh and shape each piece, to wrapping each pyramid-shaped dumpling by hand. It does take a little effort ___41___ (make) these Chinese sticky rice dumplings, but the result is a delicacy ___42___ makes it worth your time. Zongzi has to be cooked for about 3 hours to get the rice sticky. Arrange the wrapped zongzi in the pot in a way to minimize the amount of space between them. This prevents zongzi from floating and rice from escaping during the ___43___ (boil) process. In the ___44___ (pursue) of fast rhythms during the workday, we can surely re-concentrate our spirit and wash off stress in this activity. Wouldn’t ___45___ be fun to enjoy making zongzi with friends or family on the weekend? 【答案】36. more famous 37. consists 38. in 39. tastes 40. how 41. to make 42. that##which 43. boiling 44. pursuit 45. it 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了粽子的由来、制作、口味、烹饪方法以及相关的文化活动。 【36题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：更准确的说法是屈原使粽子更出名。此处是固定搭配：make sth. adj.意为“使某物怎么样”，所以空出应填形容词作宾语补足语，根据句意，此处用比较级。故填more famous。 【37题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这道美食由包着粽叶的粽子组成，里面有肉、花生、蛋黄或其他馅料。此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时，且主语This tasty dish是单数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填consists。 【38题详解】 考查介词。句意：粽子在中国的味道因地而异。differ in…表示“在某方面不同”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用介词in。故填in。 【39题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：粽子主要有两种口味：甜的或咸的。taste表示“口味”时是可数名词，由two修饰，应用复数形式。故填tastes。 【40题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：从如何往米饭里加馅，称量和塑造每一块，到手工包裹每一个金字塔形的粽子，都有具体的说明。此处为“疑问词+不定式”作介词from的宾语，表示“如何往米饭里加馅”，所以应用how。故填how。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：做这些中国糯米粽子确实需要一点努力，但结果是美味佳肴，值得你花时间。It takes some effort to do sth表示“做某事需要一些努力”，为固定句型，it是形式主语，此处应用不定式作真正的主语。故填to make。 【42题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：做这些中国糯米粽子确实需要一点努力，但结果是美味佳肴，值得你花时间。此处为定语从句，修饰先行词delicacy，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这可以防止粽子在煮沸过程中漂浮和米饭溢出。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词process，修饰物，用-ing形式。故填boiling。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：在工作日追求快节奏的过程中，我们当然可以重新集中精力，在这项活动中洗去压力。此处应用名词作介词In的宾语，pursue的名词形式是pursuit表示“追求”，为不可数名词。故填pursuit。 【45题详解】 考查代词。句意：周末和朋友或家人一起做粽子不是很有趣吗？本句缺少主语，所以此处用it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式to enjoy making zongzi with friends or family on the weekend。故填it。 第四部分 写作（共两节；满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，上周末你们班在当地的助老中心参加了志愿者活动。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括： （1）你所做的工作； （2）你的感想。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear Chris, I’m writing to share with you the voluntary work I did in the local nursing house last weekend. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Chris, I’m writing to share with you the voluntary work I did in the local nursing house last weekend. On our arrival, we were divided into groups and assigned tasks respectively. For the duration of the event, I accompanied the seniors for outdoor walks and helped them learn to use electronic devices. Also, I assisted in organizing recreational activities, such as board games and craft sessions. Interacting with the elderly was incredibly rewarding. These activities not only allowed them to feel cared for and warm, but also gave me an opportunity to experience the joy of helping others and contributing to society. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件，分享上周末班级在当地的助老中心参加的志愿者活动的经历。内容包括：你所做的工作和你的感想。 【详解】1.词汇积累 陪伴：accompany→keep ... company 帮助：assist→help 允许：allow→permit 机会：opportunity→chance 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：On our arrival, we were divided into groups and assigned tasks respectively. 拓展句：As soon as we arrived, we were divided into groups and assigned tasks respectively. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Also, I assisted in organizing recreational activities, such as board games and craft sessions. （运用了动名词短语作宾语） 【高分句型2】Interacting with the elderly was incredibly rewarding.（运用了动名词短语作主语） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was shy when I was thirteen. I was also what most teachers would call a “good kid.” I followed the rules and rarely questioned authority. But then one day, one single ride on a school bus changed all that. The school bus that day was crowded, hot and smelly. The windows were all rolled up—the driver’s order—it was simply raining too hard to have them down. My classmates were engaged in heated conversations and games. The driver had shouted at several kids who had been standing up in their seats and yelling. I sat alone as usual, speaking to no one. Over and over, I carefully wiped a small circle through the cloud on my window so that I could look outside. People raced here and there, grasping umbrellas or covering their heads with jackets. The bus stopped, waiting for an accident to clear. As I sat quietly, waiting and watching, I saw a kitty across the street on the other side of the road. He was all wet and didn’t seem to know how to get out of the rain. I wanted to go get the kitty, but I knew the bus driver, Mrs. Foster, would never allow me off the bus. It was against the rules to even stand up. I also thought if I pointed out the pitiful cat, the other kids would probably think that I was weird (奇怪的) , even weirder than they already thought I was. I didn’t want things to get any worse than they were. My window was cloudy again, and when I wiped it clear, I could see the kitty was struggling in what seemed to be a flooded river. He was now up to his neck in cold water, but his little front paws were holding on to the bars covering the storm drain (排水沟) . I saw absolute terror in his dark, round eyes. 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Many thoughts raced through my mind. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Everyone stopped talking and looked at me, waiting. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Many thoughts raced through my mind. Should I break the rules and risk getting in trouble, or should I just sit here and watch the kitty drown? The terror in the cat’s eyes haunted me. I knew I couldn’t just sit by and do nothing. Summoning all my courage, I stood up and shouted, “Mrs. Foster, please stop the bus! There’s a cat drowning across the street!” My heart was pounding as all eyes turned to me, but I knew I had to speak up for that helpless creature. Everyone stopped talking and looked at me, waiting. Mrs. Foster stared at me through the rearview mirror, her eyes narrowing. The bus fell silent, and for a moment, it felt like the whole world was holding its breath. Then, surprisingly, she nodded and pulled over. “Go get your cat,” she said. I couldn’t believe my ears. Grabbing my umbrella, I leaped out of the bus and splashed through the rain to the drowning kitty. Its little paws were still clinging to the storm drain. Gently, I lifted it out of the water and wrapped it in my jacket. Back on the bus, I received a round of applause from my classmates. That day, I learned that sometimes, breaking the rules and standing up for what’s right can lead to unexpected rewards. And it was worth it. 【解析】 【导语】本文以主人公的经历为线索展开，讲述了作者原本害羞且守规矩，不质疑权威，但在一次乘坐校车时，作者注意到一只陷入危险的小猫。尽管想去救助，但面临校规的束缚和同伴可能的异样眼光，作者内心产生了挣扎。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我脑子里闪过许多念头。”可知，第一段可描写作者内心的挣扎以及最终决定打破规矩去拯救小猫。 ②由第二段首句内容“每个人都停止了谈话，看着我，等待着。”可知，第二段可描写Mrs. Foster同意了作者的请求和作者的感悟。 2. 续写线索：内心挣扎——鼓起勇气打破规矩——所有人看着作者——Mrs. Foster同意——救下小猫——感悟 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①大喊：shout/yell ②跳出：leap out/spring out ③举起：lift/raise 情绪类 ①恐惧：terror/horror ②惊讶地：surprisingly/amazingly 【点睛】[高分句型1]My heart was pounding as all eyes turned to me, but I knew I had to speak up for that helpless creature.(运用了as引导的时间状语从句以及省略that的宾语从句) [高分句型2]That day, I learned that sometimes, breaking the rules and standing up for what’s right can lead to unexpected rewards.(运用了that引导的宾语从句，what引导的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$