Unit 1 Period 2 Learning about language（分层作业）-2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Period 2 Learning about language Ⅰ.语境填词 1. The bacteria were then examined under the __________ (显微镜). 2. There is no __________ (证据) that the house which they are living in belongs to her. 3. Customs officials have made a series of __________ (相互矛盾的) statements about the equipment. 4. To go from one robot to __________ (多种多样的) robots, you need all three of those ideas. 5. Most __________ (家庭) now own at least one car. 6. So what we would do is that we would then perform an __________ (干涉). 7. According to official __________ (统计数字), the disease killed over 500 people. 8. They report the finding in the latest issue of the journal of __________ (流行病学) and community health. 9. In remote regions, the air is __________ (干净的) and the crops are free of poisonous insecticides. 10. What was the author’s __________ (最初的) purpose of collecting newspaper articles? II.选词填空 be linked to, be transformed into, blame...for, in time, once and for all, subscribe to, suspect...of, thanks to, on the decrease, attend to 1. As a proverb goes, “Where there’s a will, there’s a way.” Our efforts will pay off __________. 2. The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities __________ the efforts of the local government. 3. I was thinking that my mum would __________ me __________ not preparing for the test. 4. My main reason for __________ New Scientist is to keep pace with advances in science. 5. It is a surprise that the faraway village __________ a famous tourist city in only ten years. 6. And their hope is, obviously, to end this conflict __________. 7. When I woke up, I found my watch gone. I __________ Tom __________ stealing it. 8. Experts believe that the illness __________ the use of polluted water. 9. There were so many customers that the shop assistants couldn’t __________ them all. 10. The number of poor men is __________ as the economy is growing. I.单句语法填空 1. Roberta felt __________ (frustrate) and angry at the news. 2. In recent years, the population in this town __________ (decrease) to 100,000. 3. It was Emma who was __________ (blame) for the accident. 4. Exercising makes you more awake and ready __________ (handle) whatever is ahead of you for the day. 5. The result will help to predict some major and __________ (severely) diseases and your preference for diet. 6. They help the body defend itself against some kinds of __________ (infect). 7. My idea is __________ we should start making preparations right now. 8. If I’m a bit sleepy in the lecture, it’s __________ I was up all night yesterday. 9. The problem is __________ she didn’t go back home directly yesterday evening. 10. The mountain village is no longer __________ it used to be since a highway was built ten years ago. II.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The return capsule of China’s Chang’e-5 probe touched down in Siziwang Banner, north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Dec. 17, 2020. The Chang’e-5 mission   1 (successful) brings back China’s first samples collected from the moon. As China’s most complicated space project, the Chang’e-5 mission has achieved the sampling outside the earth and returning for the first time.   2 is another major achievement in overcoming difficulties by giving full play to the 3   (advantage) of the new nationwide system, marking a great step forward in China’s space industry. This will contribute to deepening the 4 (understand) of the origin of the moon and the evolution history of the solar system. Noting that there is no end for space exploration, all members 5 participated in the Chang’e-5 mission 6 (carry) forward the lunar exploration spirit of pursuing dreams, daring to explore, cooperating in tackling difficulties and win-win cooperation, so as to start new interplanetary (太阳系内的) exploration and contribute to building the country into a major power in space and the building of a community with a   7 (share) future for humanity. Chang’e-5 mission has achieved many major breakthroughs including China’s first lunar surface sampling and sealing, first liftoff 8 the moon, first rendezvous and docking (交会和对接) in lunar orbit, and first spacecraft carrying samples 9   ( re-enter) the Earth’s atmosphere. The success of the Chang’e-5 mission 10 (mark) a conclusion of China’s current lunar exploration project. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A living robot has been created out of frog skin cells. Xenobots, named after the frog species Xenopus laevis (非洲爪蛙) that the cells come from, were first described last year. Now the team behind the robots has improved their design and demonstrated new capabilities. To create the xenobots, Michael Levin at Tufts University in Massachusetts and his colleagues obtained tissue from 24­hour­old frog embryos after very small physical operation. Where the previous version relied on the contraction (收缩) of heart muscle cells to move them forward by pushing off surfaces, these new xenobots swim around faster. They also live between three and seven days longer than their previous generation, which only lasted about seven days, and have the ability to sense their surroundings to some extent, turning red when exposed to blue light. “The fundamental finding here is that when you free skin cells from their normal context, and you give them a chance to build other things than what they normally build,” says Levin. “To me, one of the most exciting things here is that they are plastic. This idea is that even normal cells, not genetically modified, are in fact capable of building something completely different.” Because they are created from cells, the xenobots eventually break apart and are totally biodegradable (能生物降解的), says team member Douglas Blackiston, also at Tufts University. He therefore hopes that they can be used for biomedical and environmental applications. Previous attempts at creating living robots, such as a wirelessly controlled cockroach, have involved dealing with live animals, raising ethical (伦理的) concerns. Xenobots differ from these because they are made entirely of living cells. “The approach here is maybe ethically the least problematic because everything starts with cells. They have no neurons (神经元), so it’s not an animal,” says Auke Ijspeert at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Lausanne, who wasn’t involved in the research. “It’s really cells, so I find it maybe the cleanest way.” 1. How were the new xenobots created? A. By making use of frog embryos. B. By relying on heart muscle cells. C. By sensing similar surroundings. D. By exposing them to blue light. 2. Which has the similar meaning to the underlined word “plastic” in Paragraph 3? A. Fragile. B. Stable. C. Flexible. D. Active. 3. What can be inferred from Douglas Blackiston’s words？ A. The xenobots can’t break down easily. B. The xenobots need to be further perfected. C. The xenobots can be applied in other fields. D. The xenobots have already been widely used. 4. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. The new approach starts with some neurons. B. Xenobots have raised least ethical concerns. C. The wireless­controlled cockroach is a failure. D. Previous living robots involve few living animals. II. 七选五 Characteristics of an excellent scientist The Free Dictionary defines (定义) a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. 1 Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist. Curiosity. 2 Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. If a scientist doesn’t have the drive to ask questions or even wonder, then he/she never gets to the first stage of the scientific process. Patience. 3 There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you’re an instant-gratification (及时满足的) type of person, this may not be the best choice for you. Ethical (道德的) qualities. In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment and living things, since they are all linked and they can affect one another in the long run. A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial (商业的) interests. Sticking to an old belief contradicted (反驳) by evidence is dishonest. 4 Working habits. An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation, keeping it in mind and recording it. 5 He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking skills connect him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new. A. To make discoveries in human knowledge, you have to think differently. B. An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. C. One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory. D. However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence. E. He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what’s needed. F. Becoming a scientist takes a long time. G. It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods. III.完形填空 A severe outbreak of cholera (霍乱) cast a shadow over Londoners’ life. Faced with two apparently contradictory theories about the possible cause, John Snow, a brilliant 1 scientist, was determined to 2 the disease once and for all. Instead of using a microscope to study the 3 , he marked on a map where the victims 4 . He noticed that multiple deaths were near the water pump (水泵) in Broad Street 5 some households who drank free beer given by the pub they worked in. John Snow 6 that the pump water was to blame but still he needed concrete 7 . He had the handle of the pump 8 so that it could not be used. Through this 9 , the disease was immediately under control. John Snow subscribed to the view that there was a link between the 10   and the Broad Street outbreak. He continued to discover that the water had been 11 by raw waste. He announced his findings and urged that people drink 12   or boiled water. Soon, there was a substantial 13 in cholera cases. 14 his solid work, people were able to defeat cholera. Furthermore (此外), his use of maps and statistics transformed the thinking of the scientific world towards 15   diseases. That is why he is considered “Father of Modern Epidemiology (流行病学)”. 1. A. chemical B. technical C. medical D. agricultural 2. A. affect B. cause C. damage D. defeat 3. A. crisis B. virus C. assumption D. cancer 4. A. attacked B. concerned C. lived D. head 5. A. except B. besides C. including D. from 6. A. suspected B. convinced C. estimated D. wondered 7. A. solutions B. methods C. proposal D. proof 8. A. turned B. switched C. removed D. bent 9. A. innovation B. evaluation C. intervention D. persuasion 10. A. map B. pump C. beer D. handle 11. A. tackled B. comprised C. examined D. polluted 12. A. pure B. nutritional C. raw D. salty 13. A. change B. decrease C. development D. increase 14. A. Thanks to B. Apart from C. In spite of D. Rather than 15. A. conventional B. incredible C. relevant D. infectious 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Period 2 Learning about language Ⅰ.语境填词 1. The bacteria were then examined under the __________ (显微镜). 2. There is no __________ (证据) that the house which they are living in belongs to her. 3. Customs officials have made a series of __________ (相互矛盾的) statements about the equipment. 4. To go from one robot to __________ (多种多样的) robots, you need all three of those ideas. 5. Most __________ (家庭) now own at least one car. 6. So what we would do is that we would then perform an __________ (干涉). 7. According to official __________ (统计数字), the disease killed over 500 people. 8. They report the finding in the latest issue of the journal of __________ (流行病学) and community health. 9. In remote regions, the air is __________ (干净的) and the crops are free of poisonous insecticides. 10. What was the author’s __________ (最初的) purpose of collecting newspaper articles? 【答案】1. microscope 2. proof 3. contradictory 4. multiple 5. households 6. intervention 7. statistics 8. epidemiology 9. pure 10. initial II.选词填空 be linked to, be transformed into, blame...for, in time, once and for all, subscribe to, suspect...of, thanks to, on the decrease, attend to 1. As a proverb goes, “Where there’s a will, there’s a way.” Our efforts will pay off __________. 2. The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities __________ the efforts of the local government. 3. I was thinking that my mum would __________ me __________ not preparing for the test. 4. My main reason for __________ New Scientist is to keep pace with advances in science. 5. It is a surprise that the faraway village __________ a famous tourist city in only ten years. 6. And their hope is, obviously, to end this conflict __________. 7. When I woke up, I found my watch gone. I __________ Tom __________ stealing it. 8. Experts believe that the illness __________ the use of polluted water. 9. There were so many customers that the shop assistants couldn’t __________ them all. 10. The number of poor men is __________ as the economy is growing. 【答案】1. in time 2. thanks to 3. blame ... for 4. subscribing to 5. has been transformed into 6. once and for all 7. suspected ... of 8. is linked to 9. attend to 10. on the decrease I.单句语法填空 1. Roberta felt __________ (frustrate) and angry at the news. 2. In recent years, the population in this town __________ (decrease) to 100,000. 3. It was Emma who was __________ (blame) for the accident. 4. Exercising makes you more awake and ready __________ (handle) whatever is ahead of you for the day. 5. The result will help to predict some major and __________ (severely) diseases and your preference for diet. 6. They help the body defend itself against some kinds of __________ (infect). 7. My idea is __________ we should start making preparations right now. 8. If I’m a bit sleepy in the lecture, it’s __________ I was up all night yesterday. 9. The problem is __________ she didn’t go back home directly yesterday evening. 10. The mountain village is no longer __________ it used to be since a highway was built ten years ago. 【答案】1. frustrated 2. has decreased 3. to blame 4. to handle 5. severe 6. infections 7. that 8. because 9. why 10. what II.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The return capsule of China’s Chang’e-5 probe touched down in Siziwang Banner, north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Dec. 17, 2020. The Chang’e-5 mission   1 (successful) brings back China’s first samples collected from the moon. As China’s most complicated space project, the Chang’e-5 mission has achieved the sampling outside the earth and returning for the first time.   2 is another major achievement in overcoming difficulties by giving full play to the 3   (advantage) of the new nationwide system, marking a great step forward in China’s space industry. This will contribute to deepening the 4 (understand) of the origin of the moon and the evolution history of the solar system. Noting that there is no end for space exploration, all members 5 participated in the Chang’e-5 mission 6 (carry) forward the lunar exploration spirit of pursuing dreams, daring to explore, cooperating in tackling difficulties and win-win cooperation, so as to start new interplanetary (太阳系内的) exploration and contribute to building the country into a major power in space and the building of a community with a   7 (share) future for humanity. Chang’e-5 mission has achieved many major breakthroughs including China’s first lunar surface sampling and sealing, first liftoff 8 the moon, first rendezvous and docking (交会和对接) in lunar orbit, and first spacecraft carrying samples 9   ( re-enter) the Earth’s atmosphere. The success of the Chang’e-5 mission 10 (mark) a conclusion of China’s current lunar exploration project. 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了“嫦娥五号”成功返回地面，带回了中国从月球上采集的第一批样品。 【答案】1. successfully 2. It 3. advantages 4. understanding 5. who/that 6. will carry 7. shared 8. from 9. to re-enter 10. marks 1. 考查副词。句意：“嫦娥五号”成功地带回了中国从月球上采集的第一批样品。修饰谓语动词brings back，应用副词形式。故填successfully。 2. 考查代词。句意：这是充分发挥全国新体制优势，克服重重困难取得的又一重大成就，标志着中国航天事业向前迈进了一大步。此处用代词it指代上一句中的“the Chang’e-5 mission”。 故填It。 3. 考查可数名词单复数。句意：这是充分发挥全国新体制优势，克服重重困难取得的又一重大成就，标志着中国航天事业向前迈进了一大步。根据句意，“全国新体制优势”应指多种优势，advantage应用复数形式。故填advantages。 4. 考查名词。句意：这将有助于加深对月球起源和太阳系演变历史的认识。在定冠词the后应是名词，在句中作宾语；understand是动词，名词形式为understanding，表抽象意义，不可数，故填understanding。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：所有参与“嫦娥五号”任务的成员，都将弘扬追梦、勇于探索、合作应对困难、合作共赢的探月精神，以便开始新的星际勘探，有助于将国家建设成太空强国，构建一个人类有着共同未来的共同体。“____participated in the Chang’e-5 mission”是定语从句，先行词是all members，指人，在从句中作主语，应用who\that引导定语从句。故填who/that。 6. 考查时态。句意：所有参与“嫦娥五号”任务的成员，都将弘扬追梦、勇于探索、合作应对困难、合作共赢的探月精神，以便开始新的星际勘探，有助于将国家建设成太空强国，构建一个人类有着共同未来的共同体。根据句意，该句是说明将来的情况，应用一般将来时。故填will carry。 7. 考查形容词。句意：所有参与“嫦娥五号”任务的成员，都将弘扬追梦、勇于探索、合作应对困难、合作共赢的探月精神，以便开始新的星际勘探，有助于将国家建设成太空强国，构建一个人类有着共同未来的共同体。修饰名词future，应用形容词形式；share是动词，形容词形式为shared，意思为“共享的”。故填shared。 8. 考查介词。句意：“嫦娥五号”任务已经取得了许多重大突破，包括中国第一次月球表面采样和密封，首次从月球发射，第一次在月球轨道交会和对接，以及第一座宇宙飞船携带样品重新进入地球大气层。根据句意，应是“从月球发射”，故填from。 9. 考查不定式。句意：“嫦娥五号”任务已经取得了许多重大突破，包括中国第一个月球表面采样和密封，首次从月球发射，第一次在月球轨道交会和对接，以及第一座宇宙飞船携带样品重新进入地球大气层。当被修饰词前有序数词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。故填to re-enter。 10. 考查时态。句意：“嫦娥五号”任务的成功标志着中国目前的探月工程的结束。该句叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语是the success，谓语动词应用单数第三人称形式。故填marks。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A living robot has been created out of frog skin cells. Xenobots, named after the frog species Xenopus laevis (非洲爪蛙) that the cells come from, were first described last year. Now the team behind the robots has improved their design and demonstrated new capabilities. To create the xenobots, Michael Levin at Tufts University in Massachusetts and his colleagues obtained tissue from 24­hour­old frog embryos after very small physical operation. Where the previous version relied on the contraction (收缩) of heart muscle cells to move them forward by pushing off surfaces, these new xenobots swim around faster. They also live between three and seven days longer than their previous generation, which only lasted about seven days, and have the ability to sense their surroundings to some extent, turning red when exposed to blue light. “The fundamental finding here is that when you free skin cells from their normal context, and you give them a chance to build other things than what they normally build,” says Levin. “To me, one of the most exciting things here is that they are plastic. This idea is that even normal cells, not genetically modified, are in fact capable of building something completely different.” Because they are created from cells, the xenobots eventually break apart and are totally biodegradable (能生物降解的), says team member Douglas Blackiston, also at Tufts University. He therefore hopes that they can be used for biomedical and environmental applications. Previous attempts at creating living robots, such as a wirelessly controlled cockroach, have involved dealing with live animals, raising ethical (伦理的) concerns. Xenobots differ from these because they are made entirely of living cells. “The approach here is maybe ethically the least problematic because everything starts with cells. They have no neurons (神经元), so it’s not an animal,” says Auke Ijspeert at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Lausanne, who wasn’t involved in the research. “It’s really cells, so I find it maybe the cleanest way.” 1. How were the new xenobots created? A. By making use of frog embryos. B. By relying on heart muscle cells. C. By sensing similar surroundings. D. By exposing them to blue light. 2. Which has the similar meaning to the underlined word “plastic” in Paragraph 3? A. Fragile. B. Stable. C. Flexible. D. Active. 3. What can be inferred from Douglas Blackiston’s words？ A. The xenobots can’t break down easily. B. The xenobots need to be further perfected. C. The xenobots can be applied in other fields. D. The xenobots have already been widely used. 4. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. The new approach starts with some neurons. B. Xenobots have raised least ethical concerns. C. The wireless­controlled cockroach is a failure. D. Previous living robots involve few living animals. 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新的活体机器人xenobot及创造它的方法。由于它具有可降解性，因此可以被广泛运用在多个领域中。xenobot仅仅涉及细胞，不涉及神经元，因此在最大程度上减少了伦理问题的发生。 1. A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To create the xenobots...obtained tissue from 24­hour­old frog embryos after very small physical operation.”可知，新的xenobot是利用青蛙胚胎创造出来的。故选A。 2. C　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知，Levin认为皮肤细胞从正常环境中脱离出来以后，它们会变得非常灵活，因此它们很有可能会创造出完全不同的东西，即画线词的意思是“灵活的”。故选C。 3. C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Because they are created from cells...they can be used for biomedical and environmental applications.”可推知，xenobot可以应用于其他领域。故选C。 4. B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Previous attempts at creating living robots...in the research.”可知，xenobot引发的有关伦理的担忧最少。故选B。 II. 七选五 Characteristics of an excellent scientist The Free Dictionary defines (定义) a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. 1 Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist. Curiosity. 2 Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. If a scientist doesn’t have the drive to ask questions or even wonder, then he/she never gets to the first stage of the scientific process. Patience. 3 There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you’re an instant-gratification (及时满足的) type of person, this may not be the best choice for you. Ethical (道德的) qualities. In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment and living things, since they are all linked and they can affect one another in the long run. A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial (商业的) interests. Sticking to an old belief contradicted (反驳) by evidence is dishonest. 4 Working habits. An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation, keeping it in mind and recording it. 5 He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking skills connect him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new. A. To make discoveries in human knowledge, you have to think differently. B. An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. C. One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory. D. However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence. E. He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what’s needed. F. Becoming a scientist takes a long time. G. It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods. 【答案】1. G 2. B 3. F 4. D 5. E 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章向我们描述了优秀的科学家的性格特点。 1. 考查上下文和句意理解。与前文The Free Dictionary defines (定义) a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science.相呼应，选项G还将科学家定义为使用科学方法的人，选项G符合语境，故选G。 2. 考查上下文和句意理解。根据下一句话Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work可知一个优秀的科学家对事物一定很好奇，选项B符合语境，故选B。 3. 考查上下文和句意理解。根据下一句There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.可知成为一名科学家需要很长时间，选项F符合语境，故选F。 4. 考查上下文和句意理解。根据前文A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial interests. Sticking to an old belief contradicted by evidence is dishonest无论个人利益还是商业利益，科学家必须诚实地报告发现。坚持与证据相矛盾的旧信仰是不诚实的。选项D: However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence.（然而，没有强有力的证据，这种信仰不应改变。）是承接上一句话来描述的，符合语境，故选D。 5. 考查上下文和句意理解。下一句He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally.讲述的是科学家的工作方式，由句子中的also可知本空也是来描述科学家的工作方式。选项E: He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what’s needed.描写的是科学家可以单独或团体工作，这取决于工作的需要，符合语境，故选E。 III.完形填空 A severe outbreak of cholera (霍乱) cast a shadow over Londoners’ life. Faced with two apparently contradictory theories about the possible cause, John Snow, a brilliant 1 scientist, was determined to 2 the disease once and for all. Instead of using a microscope to study the 3 , he marked on a map where the victims 4 . He noticed that multiple deaths were near the water pump (水泵) in Broad Street 5 some households who drank free beer given by the pub they worked in. John Snow 6 that the pump water was to blame but still he needed concrete 7 . He had the handle of the pump 8 so that it could not be used. Through this 9 , the disease was immediately under control. John Snow subscribed to the view that there was a link between the 10   and the Broad Street outbreak. He continued to discover that the water had been 11 by raw waste. He announced his findings and urged that people drink 12   or boiled water. Soon, there was a substantial 13 in cholera cases. 14 his solid work, people were able to defeat cholera. Furthermore (此外), his use of maps and statistics transformed the thinking of the scientific world towards 15   diseases. That is why he is considered “Father of Modern Epidemiology (流行病学)”. 1. A. chemical B. technical C. medical D. agricultural 2. A. affect B. cause C. damage D. defeat 3. A. crisis B. virus C. assumption D. cancer 4. A. attacked B. concerned C. lived D. head 5. A. except B. besides C. including D. from 6. A. suspected B. convinced C. estimated D. wondered 7. A. solutions B. methods C. proposal D. proof 8. A. turned B. switched C. removed D. bent 9. A. innovation B. evaluation C. intervention D. persuasion 10. A. map B. pump C. beer D. handle 11. A. tackled B. comprised C. examined D. polluted 12. A. pure B. nutritional C. raw D. salty 13. A. change B. decrease C. development D. increase 14. A. Thanks to B. Apart from C. In spite of D. Rather than 15. A. conventional B. incredible C. relevant D. infectious 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. B 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了“现代流行病学之父”John Snow查明霍乱爆发原因并控制疾病的故事。 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：面对两种明显相互矛盾的致病理论，杰出的医学家John Snow决心一劳永逸地战胜这种疾病。A. chemical化学的；B. technical技术的；C. medical医疗的，医学的；D. agricultural农业的。上文“A severe outbreak of cholera (霍乱) cast a shadow over Londoners’ life.(一场严重的霍乱爆发给伦敦人的生活蒙上了阴影)”提到爆发霍乱，故此处指医学家John Snow，文章最后一句“That is why he is considered ‘Father of Modern Epidemiology (流行病学)’.”也提到他被称为“现代流行病学之父”，故选C。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. affect 影响；B. cause导致；C. damage损害；D. defeat击败，战胜。下文提到他去调查霍乱爆发的原因，故此处指他决心一劳永逸地战胜这种疾病，最后一段中“people were able to defeat cholera”也提到人们战胜了霍乱，故选D。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他没有使用显微镜来研究病毒，而是在地图上标出了受害者的居住地。A. crisis危机；B. virus病毒；C. assumption假设；D. cancer癌症。根据“using a microscope to study”可知，此处指使用显微镜来研究霍乱病毒，故选B。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. attacked攻击；B. concerned担心；C. lived居住；D. head前进。根据下文“He noticed that multiple deaths were near the water pump (水泵) in Broad Street”可知，他发现很多死者都在Broad街的水泵附近，故他是在地图上标出了受害者的居住地，故选C。 5. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：他注意到，除了一些家庭喝了他们工作的酒吧提供的免费啤酒外，很多死者都在Broad街的水泵附近。A. except除了；B. besides除……之外（还）；C. including包括；D. from来自。结合语境可知，空后表示排除在外的因素，应用except，except侧重于排除在外，从整体里减去，besides表示补充意义，即“除了……还有”，故选A。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：John Snow怀疑水泵的水是罪魁祸首，但他仍然需要具体的证据。A. suspected怀疑；B. convinced确信；C. estimated估计，估算；D. wondered想知道。上文“He noticed that multiple deaths were near the water pump (水泵) in Broad Street”提到很多死者都在Broad街的水泵附近，故John Snow怀疑水泵的水是罪魁祸首，故选A。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. solutions解决办法；B. methods方法；C. proposal建议，提议；D. proof证据。下文“He had the handle of the pump ___8___ so that it could not be used.”提到他处理水泵，应是为了证实自己的怀疑，所以此处指他仍然需要具体的证据，故选D。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把水泵的把手卸下来，这样它就不能使用了。A. turned转变；B. switched 转换；C. removed移除；D. bent弯曲。根据“so that it could not be used”可知，他把水泵的把手卸下来，这样它就不能使用了，故选C。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这种干预，疾病立即得到了控制。A. innovation创新；B. evaluation评价；C. intervention干预，干涉；D. persuasion劝说。根据上文“He had the handle of the pump ___8___”可知，此处指干预水泵，故选C。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：John Snow赞同这样一种观点，即水泵和Broad街的爆发之间有联系。A. map地图；B. pump水泵；C. beer啤酒；D. handle把手。根据上文“He had the handle of the pump ___8___” 以及“the disease was immediately under control.”可知，水泵和Broad街的爆发之间有联系，故选B。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他继续发现水被未经处理的废物污染了。A. tackled解决；B. comprised包括；C. examined检查；D. polluted污染。结合空后“by raw waste”可知，水被未经处理的废物污染了，故选D。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他宣布了他的发现，并敦促人们喝纯净水或白开水。A. pure纯的，纯净的；B. nutritional营养成分的；C. raw生的，未煮过的；D. salty咸的。上文提到水被污染，结合空后的“or boiled water”可知，他应是敦促人们喝纯净水或白开水，故选A。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，霍乱病例大幅减少。A. change改变；B. decrease减少，降低；C. development发展；D. increase增加。结合语境及下文“people were able to defeat cholera(人们能够战胜霍乱)”可知，John Snow发现病因并敦促人们喝纯净水或白开水，病例应是大幅减少，故选B。 14. 考查固定短语辨析。句意：多亏了他的扎实工作，人们能够战胜霍乱。A. Thanks to多亏，由于；B. Apart from除了；C. In spite of尽管；D. Rather than而不是。结合句意可知，此处表示原因，由于他的调查工作，人们能够战胜霍乱，故选A。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，他对地图和统计的运用改变了科学界对传染病的看法。A. conventional依照惯例的；B. incredible难以置信的；C. relevant相关的；D. infectious传染性的。根据文章提到的霍乱以及下文“Father of Modern Epidemiology (流行病学)”可知，此处指“传染病”，故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$