Unit 1 Period 1 Reading and Thinking（分层作业）-2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019）选择性必修第二册(1)

Unit 1 Period 1 Reading and Thinking I. 拓展词汇 ① __________ adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→ __________ v. 使恼怒；挫败→ __________ n. 懊恼；沮丧；挫败 ② __________ adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的→ __________ v. 同……矛盾；否认；反驳 ③ __________ n. 感染；传染→ __________ vt.使感染；传染→ __________ adj. 感染的；传染的 ④ __________ adj.数量多的；多种多样的→ __________ v. 乘；(使)相乘；(使)增加；(使)繁殖 ⑤ __________ vt.使改观；使改变形态　vi.改变；转变→ __________ n. 改观；改变 Ⅱ. 短语背诵 1. __________ 　最终地；彻底地 2. __________ 同意；赞同 3. __________ 幸亏；由于 4. __________ 及时；迟早 5. __________ (对某事)负有责任 6. __________ 因为 7. __________ 照顾 8. __________ 一般地；从总体上看 9. __________ ……与……之间的联系 I. 单句语法填空 1. He was __________ angry that he left the room without a word. 2. It seems __________ you don’t want to go there. 3. He wants to have his eyes __________ (examine) tomorrow. 4. Our school __________ (see) great changes in the last few years. 5. Using the money I earned in the holiday, I __________ (subscribe) to several magazines recently. 6. The translator was __________ (blame) for the misunderstanding. 7. Thanks __________ the movie, she was transformed (transform) almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a megastar. 8. The police suspected him __________ telling a lie about his movements last night. 9. This species of bird is __________ the decrease in number every year. 10. They went on to the next town, where they __________ (link) up with the other party. II.语法填空 Qian Xuesen, or Hsue-shen Tsien (11 December 1911—31 October 2009), was a Chinese mathematician, aerospace engineer and physicist, 1 made significant contributions to the field of aerodynamics (空气动力学). After graduating from a high school in Beijing, Qian 2 (admit) into Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1934. In August 1935, Qian left China 3 (study) mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) on a scholarship, where he obtained a Master of Science degree after one year Later, Qian left for the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and studied under Theodore von Karman, who was regarded as 4 outstanding scientist of the 20th century. Shortly after arriving at Caltech, Qian was involved 5 rocket-related experiments at a laboratory at Caltech. He received his doctor’s degree from Caltech in 1939. During World War II Qian helped prepare an analysis of the German rocket program for the US. 6 , Qian had difficulty adjusting to American culture and his strong personal attachment to China caused suspicions (怀疑). Through a series of 7 (effort), Qian was 8 (ultimate) allowed to return to China with his wife and kids several years later. To his surprise, 9 he received in China was a hero’s welcome from the Chinese government. He earned the title “the father of China’s aerospace”, because he personally trained the first generation of China’s aerospace engineers. Qian’s love for China and his 10 (determine) to the revitalization (复兴) of China made him a well-respected scientist in the history of China. I. 阅读理解 He is regarded as having one of the brightest minds on the planet. But outstanding astrophysicist (天体物理学家) Stephen Hawking has admitted that he did not learn to read until he was eight years old. In a public lecture at the Royal Albert Hall, Professor Hawking also admitted that he was not active in studying while at Oxford University, where he studied physics, and that only the diagnosis that he might die young from motor neuron (神经元) disease made him concentrate on his work. Professor Hawking said, “My sister Philippa could read by the age of 4 and she was definitely brighter than me.” He said that he was unexceptional at school and was never further than halfway up his class. “My classwork was very untidy, and my handwriting was the despair of my teachers,” he said. “But my classmates gave me the nickname Einstein, so presumably they saw signs of something better.” But he said that it was when doctors told him that he probably only had a few years to live at the age of 21 that galvanised (刺激) him into focusing on his work and a period of productivity that resulted in some of his early breakthroughs. He said, “When you are faced with the possibility of an early death, it makes you realise that life is worth living and there are lots of things you want to do.” 1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Stephen Hawking is the second Einstein in the world. B. Stephen Hawking couldn’t read at the age of 7. C. Stephen Hawking’s handwriting was once terribly bad. D. Stephen Hawking’s sister once performed much better than him. 2. Which word can be used to describe Hawking when he studied at Oxford University? A. Clever. B. Lazy. C. Ambitious. D. Mean. 3. From whom did Hawking get a relatively just respect when he was at school? A. His sister. B. His classmates. C. His teachers. D. His parents. 4. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. His life might be taken away by long hard work. B. It was possible for Hawking to face the early death. C. Stephen Hawking didn’t realise his dreams in physics. D. The purpose of the doctor’s diagnosis was to encourage him to work hard. II. 七选五 How to Succeed in Science To succeed in science, you need a lot more than luck. In my view, you have to combine intelligence with a willingness not to follow conventions when they block your forward path. Thus, these have come to be my rules for success. 1 That might sound proud, but the fact is that you must always turn to people who are brighter than you. It’s like playing any game. Even as a child, I never wanted to play games with anyone who was as bad as I was. If you win, it gives you no pleasure. And in the game of science or life, the highest goal isn’t simply to win; it’s to win at something really difficult. 2 Take risks. To make a huge success, a scientist has to be prepared to get into deep trouble. If you are going to make a huge jump in science, you will very likely be unqualified to succeed by definition. 3 This can be more than personally upsetting. Never do anything that bores you. My experience in science is that someone is always telling you to do things, and then leaves you alone. I'm not good enough to do well in something I dislike. 4 It’s very hard to succeed if you don’t want to be with other scientists, because you have to go to key meetings where you spot key facts that would have escaped you. And you have to chat with your competitors, even if you find them objectionable. So my final rule is: 5 A. Avoid foolish people. B. Meet challenges with great courage. C. In fact, I find it hard to do well in something I like. D. If you can’t stand being with your real peers, get out of science. E. Be sure you always have someone to save you from a deep mess. F. Besides, you even have to be prepared to disbelieve your scientific heroes. G. Put another way, it’s to go somewhere beyond your ability and come out on top. Ⅲ.完形填空 Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full use of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 1 on obvious facts, and therefore 2 to accept authority as the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas 3 and makes experiments to prove them. The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to 4 as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford. He was probably the first person in the Middle Ages to 5 that we should learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself 6 many important truths. However, Galileo, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many important 7 could be discovered by observation. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more 8 towards the earth than small ones, because Aristotle said so. But Galileo went to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa and dropped two 9 stones, proving Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileo’s 10 of going directly to nature, and proving our 11 and theories by experiment, that has 12 all the discoveries of modern science. What 13 those people good scientists? From the example of Galileo, we can see 14 that successful scientists are those whose observations have 15 better results. 1. A. dependent B. based C. insisted D. centered 2. A. refuses B. desires C. intends D. regrets 3. A. casually B. carefully C. quickly D. privately 4. A. look B. keep C. date D. turn 5. A. command B. suspect C. predict D. conclude 6. A. brought B. recorded C. discovered D. announced 7. A. truths B. problems C. investigations D. subjects 8. A. slowly B. rapidly C. lightly D. heavily 9. A. big B. small C. similar D. unequal 10. A. spirit B. skill C. theory D. wish 11. A. plans B. opinions C. world D. ability 12. A. led to B. came with C. set up D. put forward 13. A. promises B. prevents C. considers D. makes 14. A. likely B. clearly C. naturally D. unwillingly 15. A. foreseen B. rejected C. produced D. challenged 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Period 1 Reading and Thinking I. 拓展词汇 ①frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate v. 使恼怒；挫败→frustration n. 懊恼；沮丧；挫败 ②contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的→contradict v. 同……矛盾；否认；反驳 ③infection n. 感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染→infectious adj. 感染的；传染的 ④multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiply v. 乘；(使)相乘；(使)增加；(使)繁殖 ⑤transform vt.使改观；使改变形态　vi.改变；转变→transformation n. 改观；改变 Ⅱ. 短语背诵 1. once and for all　最终地；彻底地 2. subscribe to 同意；赞同 3. thanks to 幸亏；由于 4. in time 及时；迟早 5. be to blame (对某事)负有责任 6. as a result of 因为 7. attend to 照顾 8. in general 一般地；从总体上看 9. a link between...and... ……与……之间的联系 I. 单句语法填空 1. He was __________ angry that he left the room without a word. 2. It seems __________ you don’t want to go there. 3. He wants to have his eyes __________ (examine) tomorrow. 4. Our school __________ (see) great changes in the last few years. 5. Using the money I earned in the holiday, I __________ (subscribe) to several magazines recently. 6. The translator was __________ (blame) for the misunderstanding. 7. Thanks __________ the movie, she was transformed (transform) almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a megastar. 8. The police suspected him __________ telling a lie about his movements last night. 9. This species of bird is __________ the decrease in number every year. 10. They went on to the next town, where they __________ (link) up with the other party. 【答案】1. so 2. that 3. examined 4. has seen 5. have subscribed 6. to blame 7. to 8. of 9. on 10. linked II.语法填空 Qian Xuesen, or Hsue-shen Tsien (11 December 1911—31 October 2009), was a Chinese mathematician, aerospace engineer and physicist, 1 made significant contributions to the field of aerodynamics (空气动力学). After graduating from a high school in Beijing, Qian 2 (admit) into Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1934. In August 1935, Qian left China 3 (study) mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) on a scholarship, where he obtained a Master of Science degree after one year Later, Qian left for the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and studied under Theodore von Karman, who was regarded as 4 outstanding scientist of the 20th century. Shortly after arriving at Caltech, Qian was involved 5 rocket-related experiments at a laboratory at Caltech. He received his doctor’s degree from Caltech in 1939. During World War II Qian helped prepare an analysis of the German rocket program for the US. 6 , Qian had difficulty adjusting to American culture and his strong personal attachment to China caused suspicions (怀疑). Through a series of 7 (effort), Qian was 8 (ultimate) allowed to return to China with his wife and kids several years later. To his surprise, 9 he received in China was a hero’s welcome from the Chinese government. He earned the title “the father of China’s aerospace”, because he personally trained the first generation of China’s aerospace engineers. Qian’s love for China and his 10 (determine) to the revitalization (复兴) of China made him a well-respected scientist in the history of China. 【答案】1. who 2. was admitted 3. to study 4. an 5. in 6. However 7. efforts 8. ultimately 9. what 10. determination 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了钱学森的人生经历。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：钱学森，或称许慎谦（1911年12月11日－2009年10月31日），中国数学家、航空航天工程师和物理学家，在空气动力学领域做出了重大贡献。分析句子结构可知，此处使用了非限制性定语从句，先行词为Qian Xuesen指人在从句中作主语，关系代词只能用who，故填who。 2. 考查被动语态。句意：钱从北京一所高中毕业后，于1934年考入上海交通大学。根据时间状语in 1934，可知，陈述过去所发生的事情要使用一般过去时，Qian与admit之间为被动关系，使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，故填was admitted。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：1935年8月，钱获得奖学金离开中国，前往麻省理工学院学习机械工程，一年后获得理学硕士学位。分析句子结构可知，句中已含有一个谓语动词且没有连接词，此处需使用非谓语动词，结合句意，此处要使用不定式作目的状语，故填to study。 4. 考查冠词。句意：后来，钱去了加州理工学院，师从西奥多·冯·卡曼，后者被认为是20世纪杰出的科学家。分析句子结构可知，scientist“科学家”可数名词单数表泛指，前边缺少不定冠词，outstanding以元音音素开头，要使用不定冠词an，故填an。 5. 考查介词。句意：抵达加州理工学院后不久，钱在加州理工大学的一个实验室参与了与火箭相关的实验。 短语be involved in“参与”符合句意，故填in。 6. 考查副词。句意：然而，钱很难适应美国文化，他对中国的强烈个人依恋引起了怀疑。结合上下句句意可知，两者之间为转折关系，使用However“然而”表转折符合句意，位于句首注意首字母要大写，故填However。 7. 考查名词。句意：经过一系列努力，钱最终被允许在几年后带着妻子和孩子返回中国。短语a series of“一系列”后要加可数名词复数，故填efforts。 8. 考查副词。句意：经过一系列努力，钱最终被允许在几年后带着妻子和孩子返回中国。分析句子结构可知，此处要使用副词修饰动词作状语，故填ultimately。 9. 考查主语从句。句意：令他惊讶的是，他在中国受到了中国政府的英雄般的欢迎。分析句子结构可知，此处使用了主语从句，从句中缺少主语，结合句意可知，此处使用疑问代词what符合句意，故填what。 10. 考查名词。句意：钱其琛对中国的热爱和振兴中国的决心使他成为中国历史上备受尊敬的科学家。分析句子结构可知，形容词性物主代词his后要使用名词作主语，故填determination。 I. 阅读理解 He is regarded as having one of the brightest minds on the planet. But outstanding astrophysicist (天体物理学家) Stephen Hawking has admitted that he did not learn to read until he was eight years old. In a public lecture at the Royal Albert Hall, Professor Hawking also admitted that he was not active in studying while at Oxford University, where he studied physics, and that only the diagnosis that he might die young from motor neuron (神经元) disease made him concentrate on his work. Professor Hawking said, “My sister Philippa could read by the age of 4 and she was definitely brighter than me.” He said that he was unexceptional at school and was never further than halfway up his class. “My classwork was very untidy, and my handwriting was the despair of my teachers,” he said. “But my classmates gave me the nickname Einstein, so presumably they saw signs of something better.” But he said that it was when doctors told him that he probably only had a few years to live at the age of 21 that galvanised (刺激) him into focusing on his work and a period of productivity that resulted in some of his early breakthroughs. He said, “When you are faced with the possibility of an early death, it makes you realise that life is worth living and there are lots of things you want to do.” 1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Stephen Hawking is the second Einstein in the world. B. Stephen Hawking couldn’t read at the age of 7. C. Stephen Hawking’s handwriting was once terribly bad. D. Stephen Hawking’s sister once performed much better than him. 2. Which word can be used to describe Hawking when he studied at Oxford University? A. Clever. B. Lazy. C. Ambitious. D. Mean. 3. From whom did Hawking get a relatively just respect when he was at school? A. His sister. B. His classmates. C. His teachers. D. His parents. 4. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. His life might be taken away by long hard work. B. It was possible for Hawking to face the early death. C. Stephen Hawking didn’t realise his dreams in physics. D. The purpose of the doctor’s diagnosis was to encourage him to work hard. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了传奇科学家史蒂芬·霍金的故事。 1. 细节理解题。根据第三段的 “But my classmates gave me the nickname Einstein, so presumably they saw signs of something better.（但我的同学给我起了个绰号叫爱因斯坦，所以他们大概看到了更好的东西的迹象。）”可知，绰号“爱因斯坦”是同学给起的，但并不意味着他就是第二个爱因斯坦。故选A。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段“In a public lecture at the Royal Albert Hall, Professor Hawking also admitted that he was not active in studying while at Oxford University,（在皇家阿尔伯特音乐厅的一次公开演讲中，霍金教授还承认，他在牛津大学期间学习并不积极）”可知，霍金在牛津大学期间是懒惰的。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“‘My classwork was very untidy, and my handwriting was the despair of my teachers,’ he said.‘But my classmates gave me the nickname Einstein, so presumably they saw signs of something better.’（“我的作业很不整洁，我的字让老师们很失望。”他说。“但我的同学给我起了个爱因斯坦的外号，所以他们可能看到了更好的东西。”）”可知，尽管老师不看好他，但同学们仍给他“爱因斯坦”绰号，说明同学们比较尊重他。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He said,“When you are faced with the possibility of an early death, it makes you realise that life is worth living and there are lots of things you want to do.”（他说，“当你面临过早死亡的可能性时，它会让你意识到生命是值得活下去的，你有很多事情想做”）”可知，本段讲述他有可能要面对英年早逝的不幸事实。故选B。 II. 七选五 How to Succeed in Science To succeed in science, you need a lot more than luck. In my view, you have to combine intelligence with a willingness not to follow conventions when they block your forward path. Thus, these have come to be my rules for success. 1 That might sound proud, but the fact is that you must always turn to people who are brighter than you. It’s like playing any game. Even as a child, I never wanted to play games with anyone who was as bad as I was. If you win, it gives you no pleasure. And in the game of science or life, the highest goal isn’t simply to win; it’s to win at something really difficult. 2 Take risks. To make a huge success, a scientist has to be prepared to get into deep trouble. If you are going to make a huge jump in science, you will very likely be unqualified to succeed by definition. 3 This can be more than personally upsetting. Never do anything that bores you. My experience in science is that someone is always telling you to do things, and then leaves you alone. I'm not good enough to do well in something I dislike. 4 It’s very hard to succeed if you don’t want to be with other scientists, because you have to go to key meetings where you spot key facts that would have escaped you. And you have to chat with your competitors, even if you find them objectionable. So my final rule is: 5 A. Avoid foolish people. B. Meet challenges with great courage. C. In fact, I find it hard to do well in something I like. D. If you can’t stand being with your real peers, get out of science. E. Be sure you always have someone to save you from a deep mess. F. Besides, you even have to be prepared to disbelieve your scientific heroes. G. Put another way, it’s to go somewhere beyond your ability and come out on top. 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在科学上取得成功。 1. A　根据设空处后的内容可知，只有和比自己聪明的人在一起才能学到东西，所以此处应表示：避免和愚蠢的人在一起。故选A。 2. G　根据设空处前一句可知，在科学或生活的游戏中，最高的目标不仅仅是获胜，而是在一些非常困难的事情上获胜。换句话说，要通过克服困难来超越自我，使自己取得成功。G项是对前一句的进一步解释。 3. F　根据设空处前的内容可知，如果想取得很大的成功，科学家必须准备好深陷困境中。结合设空处后一句可知，设空处会提到使你感到沮丧的情况。F项“此外，甚至也要准备好怀疑你心中的科学英雄”符合语境。 4. C　根据设空处前一句中的“do well in something I dislike”可知，在科学研究中，对于自己不喜欢的事情做不好，但对于自己喜欢的事情也不一定能做好。故选C。 5. D　根据上一段的内容可知，要和其他科学家交流，从而发现自己忽略的关键事实，甚至要和你的竞争对手交流，即使你觉得他们令人反感。也就是说，如果你无法忍受与你的地位真正相当的人一起工作，你就不要进行科学研究了。故选D。 Ⅲ.完形填空 Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full use of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 1 on obvious facts, and therefore 2 to accept authority as the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas 3 and makes experiments to prove them. The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to 4 as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford. He was probably the first person in the Middle Ages to 5 that we should learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself 6 many important truths. However, Galileo, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many important 7 could be discovered by observation. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more 8 towards the earth than small ones, because Aristotle said so. But Galileo went to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa and dropped two 9 stones, proving Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileo’s 10 of going directly to nature, and proving our 11 and theories by experiment, that has 12 all the discoveries of modern science. What 13 those people good scientists? From the example of Galileo, we can see 14 that successful scientists are those whose observations have 15 better results. 1. A. dependent B. based C. insisted D. centered 2. A. refuses B. desires C. intends D. regrets 3. A. casually B. carefully C. quickly D. privately 4. A. look B. keep C. date D. turn 5. A. command B. suspect C. predict D. conclude 6. A. brought B. recorded C. discovered D. announced 7. A. truths B. problems C. investigations D. subjects 8. A. slowly B. rapidly C. lightly D. heavily 9. A. big B. small C. similar D. unequal 10. A. spirit B. skill C. theory D. wish 11. A. plans B. opinions C. world D. ability 12. A. led to B. came with C. set up D. put forward 13. A. promises B. prevents C. considers D. makes 14. A. likely B. clearly C. naturally D. unwillingly 15. A. foreseen B. rejected C. produced D. challenged 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. A 11. B 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过实例阐述自己的一个观点：科学家应该是一个很好的观察者，不能盲目相信他人，应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不接受没有事实根据的想法，因此拒绝接受权威是唯一的真相。A. dependent依靠的；B. based以……为基础，基于；C. insisted坚持；D. centered 集中。根据“He makes full use of the facts he observes”可知，他利用观察到的事实，所以不接受没有事实根据的想法，“be based on”固定短语，“以……为基础”。故选B。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不接受没有事实根据的想法，因此拒绝接受权威是唯一的真相。A. refuses拒绝；B. desires渴望；C. intends打算；D. regrets后悔。根据本句“He doesn’t accept ideas which are not　1　 on obvious facts”可知，前后为因果关系，不接受没有事实根据的想法，因此拒绝接受权威是唯一的真相。故选A。 3. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他总是仔细检查想法，并进行实验来证明它们。A. casually随便地；B. carefully仔细地；C. quickly迅速地；D. privately私下地。根据“He always checks ideas”和下文“and makes experiments to prove them”可知，此处介绍好的科学家的品质，故应为仔细检查想法。故选B。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现代科学的兴起或许可以认为可以追溯到罗杰·培根时代，牛津杰出的哲学家。A. look看；B. keep保留，维持；C. date约定，定日期；D.turn转变。根据下文的“He was probably the first person in the Middle Ages to 　5　 that we should learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知，罗杰·培根是中世纪第一个提出我们应该通过观察和实验我们周围的事物来学习科学，因此现代科学的兴起可能是追溯到他的时期。“date back to”固定短语，“追溯到”。故选C。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可能是中世纪第一个推断出我们应该通过观察和实验我们周围的事物来学习科学，他自己也发现了许多重要的真理。A. command命令；B. suspect怀疑；C. predict预测；D. conclude推断出。根据空后的宾语从句“that we should learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知，推断出我们应该通过观察和实验我们周围的事物来学习科学。故选D。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可能是中世纪第一个推断出我们应该通过观察和实验我们周围的事物来学习科学，他自己也发现了许多重要的真理。A. brought带来；B. recorded记录；C. discovered发现；D. announced宣布。根据空后宾语“many important truths”可知，他本人发现了很多重要的真理。故选C。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，伽利略，生活在300多年以后，是意大利，法国，德国和英国，几个伟大的人物中最伟大的一个，开始说明，通过观察，可以逐步发现多少重要的真理。A. truths事实；真理；B. problems问题；C. investigations调查；D. subjects主题。根据空后“could be discovered by observation”以及上文“many important truths”可知，很多真理可以通过观察而被发现。故选A。 8. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在伽利略之前，学者们相信大的物体比小的物体下落得更快，因为亚里士多德是这么说的。A. slowly慢慢地；B. rapidly迅速地；C. lightly轻轻地；D. heavily重地。根据下文“proving Aristotle was wrong”以及常识可知，本句介绍一个亚里士多德曾说的错误观点：大的物体比小的物体下落得更快。故选B。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是伽利略登上比萨斜塔顶端，让两块不相等的石头掉下来，证明亚里士多德是错的。A. big大的；B. small小的；C. similar相似的；D. unequal不均等的。根据“proved Aristotle was wrong”以及常识可知，此处表示使用了两块不同重量的石头。故选D。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是伽利略直面自然的精神，用实验来证明我们的观点和理论，导致了现代科学的所有发现。A. spirit精神；B. skill技能；C. theory理论；D. wish愿望。根据“But Galileo, going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two　10　stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. ”可知，这是科学精神的具体表现。故选A。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是伽利略直面自然的精神，用实验来证明我们的观点和理论，导致了现代科学的所有发现。A. plans计划；B. opinions观点；C. world世界；D. ability能力。根据空后“and theories by experiment”可知，此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点和理论。故选B。 12. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是伽利略直面自然的精神，用实验来证明我们的观点和理论，导致了现代科学的所有发现。A. led to导致；B. came with随同；C. set up建立；D. put forward提出。根据本句“proving our　11　 and theories by experiment”可知，正是伽利略的用实验来证明我们的观点和理论的精神使得现代科学能有所发现。故选A。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：是什么让这些人成为优秀的科学家？A. promises承诺；B. prevents阻止；C. considers考虑；D. makes成为。根据上文“Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist?”可知，是什么让这些人成为优秀的科学家。故选D。 14. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：从伽利略的例子中，我们可以看到，成功的科学家是那些观察得出更好结果的人。A. likely可能；B. clearly清楚地；C. naturally自然地；D. unwillingly不愿意地。根据上文“It is Galileo’s　10　 of going directly to nature, and proving our　11　and theories by experiment”可知，成功的科学家是那些善于观察、敢于实践和挑战权威的人，这一点从伽利略的事例中可以很清楚地知道。故选B。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从伽利略的例子中，我们可以看到，成功的科学家是那些观察得出更好结果的人。A. foreseen预见；B. rejected拒绝；C. produced生产；D. challenged 挑战。根据空后宾语“better results”可知，此处指那些科学家们的观察产生了更好的结果。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$