总复习 学案 2023-2024学年人教版英语七年级上册

复习第一节 音标48 元音（20） 单元音（12） 长元音：/a:/ /ɔ:/ /u:/ /i:/ /ə:/ 短元音：/ ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ə/ /ɪ/ /u/ /e/ /æ/ 双元音（8）/eɪ / /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /ɛə/ /uə/ /ɪə/ /au/ /əu/ 辅音（28） 清辅音：/p/ / t/ / k/ /f/ /s/ /θ/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/ /tr/ /ts/ 浊辅音：/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /z/ /ð/ /ʒ/ /dʒ/ /dr/ /dz/ 鼻音：/m/ /n/ /ŋ/ 独立辅音 似拼音：/h/ /l/ /r/ 半元音：/j/ /w/ 语音规律 1. 浊化（清辅音 浊辅音） /p/ /b/ S /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ 1. 连读（辅元连读） get~up It~is~an~old book. Let me have~a look~at~it. 1. 爆破：当两个爆破音互相遇到时，前一个爆破音只摆出姿势不发音，然后立即过渡到后一个爆破音上 /p/—/b/ /t/—/d/ /k/—/g/ 开音节: 辅音+元音 如:he  hi  go  no  do  be  tree  three  hello  cake  name  bike 闭音节: 1. 辅音+元音+辅音 如:sit  bed  bad  bag  hot  hop  let  mad  map  head 2)元音+辅音 如: it  is   in  on  up  out  ant 五个元音字母 Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu Aa ①/ei/name, cake, Dale ②/æ/ bag, map, thanks Ee ①/i:/evening, me, he ②/e/desk, pen, bed Ii ①/ai/hi, fine, white ②/i/quilt, in, this Oo ①/əʊ/Ok, no, hello ②/ɒ/box, dog, not Uu ①/ju:/music, use, student ②/u:/ruler, blue ③/ʌ/cup, but, fun 26个英文字母 含/ei/的字母4个 A, H, J, K 含/i:/的字母9个 B, C, D, E, G, P, T, V, Z 含/e/的字母6/7个 F, L, M, N, S, X，(Z) 含/ai/的字母2个 I, Y 含/ju:/的字母3个 Q, U, W Oo/əʊ/ Rr/a:(r)/ Zz/zi://zed/ Exercises 拼读练习 [kaɪt ] [faɪv] [sɪks] [bɜ:d] [ʃɔ:t] [sku:l ] [wɔ:tʃ] [flæt] [əʊpən] [weðə] [frʌnt] [’mʌtn] [skeɪt] [’fraɪdeɪ] [’menju:] [’veɪpə] [frentʃ] [rɪ’læks] [pəʊst] [’eəpɔ:t] [dʒɪra:f] [dɔktə] [kænədə] [ həʊm] [rɪ’pɔ:tə] [faʊnd] [pə’teɪtəʊ] [mægə’zi:n] [rəʊbɒt] [’sætədeɪ] [’dɪkʃənərɪ] [’kʌmpənɪ] [’sekənd] [’ɔ:gəst] [’traʊzəz] [’fæməlɪ] [’kɔmədɪ] [ɪk’saɪtɪŋ] [’kəʊkənʌt] [’mʌndeɪ] [mi:dɪəm] [braʊn] [’swetə] [ə’dres ] [’sʌbdʒɪkt ] [’stɔ: rɪ] [’vɪdɪəʊ] 巩固练习： 按要求完成句子 1. the, word, do, spell, how, you (?) （连词成句） _______________________________________________ 1. My coat is blue. （就划线部分提问） _______________________________________________ 1. My name is Tom. （就划线部分提问） _______________________________________________ 1. My telephone number is 82528686. （就划线部分提问） _______________________________________________ 1. Two and three is five. （就划线部分提问） _______________________________________________ 1. There are three eggs in the box. （就划线部分提问） _______________________________________________ 课前小测 【课后反思】 人教版七年级总复习学案 今日所得： 今日不足： 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 第二节 冠词 1. 十大词性 1. 名词n. ：可数名词cn. 不可数名词un. 1. 冠词art. 1. 形容词adj. 1. 数词num. 1. 代词pron.（代替n.以及起n.作用的短语、分句、句子） 1. 连词conj. 1. 动词v. ：及物动词vt. +宾语 不及物动词vi. 1. 副词adv.（修饰动词、形容词、其他副词） 1. 介词prep.（表n.,pron.等与句中其他词的关系） 1. 感叹词interj. 1. 冠词 冠词分为不定冠词a/an，定冠词the和零冠词。 1. 不定冠词的用法 a用于辅音音素之前，an用于元音音素之前 Eg: It’s raining now. Take an umbrella, please. This is a usual thing. 1. 与单数可数名词连用，表示同类人或物中的任何一个或其中之一，意为“一个，某个”或表示数量或单位数量，意为“一，每，一种” Eg: I want to buy a car. He is an honest boy. It took me an hour to get to the airport. My mother cleans the house three times a week. 1. 与单数可数名词连用，表示一类人或物，句子译作中文时，不定冠词一般不译出 Eg: A teacher must grasp professional knowledge. （老师必须掌握专业知识。） An student should realize the importance of studying hard.（学生应该意识到刻苦学习的重要性。） 1. 用于序数词前，意为“又一，再一” Eg: They asked for a second chance. I’m so thirsty that I’ve drunk two bottles of water. Now I still want a third one. 1. 用于某些固定词组 a bit a few a little in a word have a cold have a fever have a headache have a cough to an end take a pride in play a trick on play a role in once upon a time have a rest take a break a great deal 1. 定冠词的用法 1. 指上文提到的人或事物 Eg: There is a pen on your desk. Give the pen to me please. Here are two shirts. The blue one is yours. 1. 表示说话人和听话人都知道的人或事 Eg: Your brother is sleeping. Please turn off the TV. He was arrested by the police. 1. 用于序数词和last, first, next, only, same等具有特指意义的形容词之前 Eg: She is the first woman who reached the top of Qomolangma. He arrived in Shanghai the next morning. It’s the only secret between us. 1. 用于比较级和最高级前 Eg: Which do you think is the more delicious food of the two, hamburger or ice-cream? It’s the most interesting movie I’ve watched. 1. 用在表示方位和方向的名词前 Eg: The bookstore is on the west of the museum. You can see a zoo on the left. 1. 用在表示世界上独一无二的自然现象或事物之前 Eg: The moon moves around the earth. We have friends all over the world. 1. 用于单数名词或某些形容词之前，表示某一类人、物或抽象概念 Eg: The lion is the king of animals. He volunteered to help the sick in the hospital. 1. 用于集体名词、物质名词和专有名词前 Eg: The people at present were Lily’s friends. The iron is usually harder than the stone. I visited the Summer Palace two years ago. 1. 用于表示乐器的名词前 Eg: Peter can play the violin well. Mary has learned to played the piano for ten years. 1. “the+姓氏的复数”表示整个家庭 Eg: The Smiths are having dinner. 1. 用于某些固定的词组中 At the moment at the same time in the end on the left/right all the time in the morning the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday at the foot of around the world in the front of by the end of in the middle of by the way 1. 零冠词的用法 1. 表示泛指的复数名词前 Eg: Most girls work harder than boys. Students are encouraged to read books. 1. 一日三餐、球类、棋、牌等名词前 Eg: To keep healthy, we should have breakfast every day. They like playing basketball. Some old men played chess under the tree. 1. 表示节日、季节、月份或星期中7天的名词前 Eg: Halloween is in October. It’s very cold in winter. Bill will visit his parents on Sunday. 1. 物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前 物质名词表示泛指时，抽象名词表示一种概念时，表示人名、地名、国家、城市、街道以及大多数湖泊的专业名词前，不用冠词 Eg: Drinking coffee is bad for children’s health. Unity is strength. New York is the largest city in America. 1. 表示学科或语言的名词前 Eg: What’s this in English? It’s difficult for most girls to learn math well. 1. 两个单数名词连用，表示一个整体，或两个形容词同时修饰一个名词并表示一个人或物时，后面的词不用冠词 Eg: He is a teacher and writer. She wanted to buy a knife and fork. Have you seen the black and white cat in my garden? 1. 名词前有某些限定词时 Eg: He lost his cellphone. 1. 有些名词加冠词和不加冠词意义不同 Eg: at table 在吃饭 go to school 去上学 at the table 在桌子旁 go to the school 去学校（可以是上学，也可以指上班） in front of 在.....前面（外部） take place（发生） in the front of 在.....前面（内部） take the place of（代替） 练习： 1.-Do you often play_volleyball? -Yes. I want to be____volleyball player. A. /; a B. a; the C. the; an D. the;/ 2. Einstein is___famous inventor who was born in____1870s. A. a;/ B. a;the C.the; the D. the;/ 3. The Blacks have visited _______ Great Wall in China. A. the B. an C. a D./ 4. Many people gave away much money to__poor after the earthquake in Nepal. A.the B. a C. an D./ 5. This is____old umbrella. I want a new one. A. a B. an C./ D.the 6. Is there ___good restaurant near here? A. a B. an C. the D./ 7. Frank can play__ guitar. What about you? A. a B. an C. the D./ 8. Jane is___16-year-old high school student in___United States, A. a; the B. the; a C. a;/ D./;/ 9. My son often has__egg and some vegetables for___dinner every day. A. an;/ B. an; the C. a;/ D. a; the 10.-What do you think of football? -It is__exciting sport. A. A B. an C. the D./ 11. His uncle will give him___birthday present.It'll be wonderful. A. a B. an C. the D./ 12.-Look!Who is__beautiful girl in red? A. a Oh, she is my deskmate. B. an C. the D./ 13. -Do you know____ boy over there? -Yes,he likes playing___guitar very much. A. the;/ B a; the C.a:/ D. the;the 14. Grace is good at playing___ piano although she is only_____8-yearold girl. A. /;the B. the; an C. a;/ D. the: the 15.-Which language do you speak better, ______ English or ______French? A. /;/ B. the; an C. a;/ D. the: the 第三节 名词 三、名词 1.规则变化 一般情况下直接加s pen student computer basket movie apple key 以s，x，sh，ch结尾的名词，加-es bus box class watch brush match glass dish 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i，再加-es baby lady family city story factory country hobby 以“f或fe”结尾的名词，变f/fe为v，再加-es（多数） 妻子（wife-wives)拿刀(knife-knives)去杀狼(wolf-wolves)，小偷吓得(thief-thieves)发了慌，躲在架(shelf-shelves)后保己(self-selves)命(life-lives)，半(half-halves)片树叶(leaf-leaves)遮目光 以“f或fe”结尾的名词，直接加-s 海湾(gulf)边，屋顶(roof)上，首领(chief)奴仆(serf)相望。谁说他们无信仰(belief)，证据(proof)定在手帕(handkerchief)上。safe, cliff 以o结尾的名词，在词尾加-es的有： 黑人(Negro-Negroes)英雄(hero-heroes)爱吃土豆(potato-potatoes)西红柿(tomato-tomatoes)和芒果(mango-mangoes) 2.不规则变化 单复数同形 deer-deer鹿 Chinese-Chinese中国人 sheep-sheep绵羊 词尾发生变化 child-children小孩 改变单词的元音字母 woman-women妇女 man-men男人 tooth-teeth牙齿 foot-feet脚 3.常以复数形式存在的名词：socks,shorts,trousers,pants,jeans,shorts,glasses,shoes,gloves 4. 不可数名词 表示不能计算数目的人或物的名词，称为不可数名词。物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。它们前面不能用a/an，没有复数形式。 常见的不可数名词: luggage，rice，soup，water，money，meat, water, rice, beef, pork, oil, butter, bread, milk, tea, orange(桔汁), air, snow, work, homework, housework, paper(纸), time(时间), music, weather, grass, news, fish(鱼肉), coke, porridge, advice, English, Chinese, knowledge, friendship… 5.既可数又不可数名词 可数名词词义 不可数名词词义 chicken 鸡 鸡肉 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 room 房间 空间 time 次；回 时间 orange 橙子 橙汁；橙色 food 特定种类食物 食物总称 fruit 水果种类 水果总称 ice-cream 一份冰激凌 冰激凌这种物质 salad 一份沙拉 沙拉这种物质 6. 不可数名词的量 a glass of water一杯水 a cup of tea一杯茶 a bottle of milk一瓶牛奶 a piece of bread 一片面包 a basket of food 一篮食物 a piece of news/advice一条消息/一个建议 7.修饰词 修饰可数名词 1. a/an 1. 数词 3）few(几乎没有),a few(有一些),many(许多),too many(太多） 修饰不可数名词 1. “数字+单位词+of+不可数名词” 1. little(几乎没有), a little(有一些),much(许多),too much(太多) 万能词 some,any(一些),a lot of,lots of(许多) 8.名词所有格 1.’s所有格 一般情况下，在单数名词词尾加’s Jim’s book 以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’ the students’ basketball 不以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’s Children’s Day儿童节 表示两人/多人共有，在最后一个名词词尾加’s Kate and Mary’s room（共同拥有的房间） 表示两人/多人各所有，每个名词词尾都要加’s Kate’s and Mary’s rooms（各自拥有的房间） 1. 表示某人/其他有生命物体的名词所属关系 1. 表示时间、价格、距离时，可用’s所有格 Where is today’s newspaper? 今天的报纸在哪里？ 1. 表示有些节日时可用’s所有格 Women’s Day妇女节 1. 表示店铺/医院/住宅时，’s所有格后通常不出现它所修饰的名词: at Tom’s (home)在汤姆家 1. of所有格：名词+ of + 名词 （A of B B的A） 中心词 中心词属于谁 1. 多用于表示无生命事物的名词的所属关系 the map of China中国地图 1. ’s所有格有时可与of所有格互换 the girl’s name=the name of the girl 3.双重所有格：名词+of+’s所有格/名词性物主代词 用来表示整体中的一部分 Eg. a friend of my father’s 我爸爸的一个朋友（爸爸众多朋友中的一个） two photos of mine 我的两张照片（我所有照片中的两张） 名词所有格既可作形容词性物主代词，也可作名词性物主代词 This picture is Sally’s. 这张照片是萨莉的。= This is Sally’s picture. Those dogs are my cousin’s. 那些狗是我堂哥的。= Those are my cousin’s dogs. 【易错题】 1. That isn’t his schoolbag.（同义句） That schoolbag isn’t his. 1. These aren’t John’s erasers.(同义句） These erasers aren’t John’s. 名词专练 一、写出下列名词的复数形式： 1、bus 2、class 3、dress 4、glass 5、box 6、match 7、watch 8、tomato 9、radio 10、photo 11、zoo 12、city 13、family 14、country 15、factory 16、party 17、story 18、baby 19、day 20、way 21、key 22、boy 23、life 24、knife 25、leaf 26、German 27、Frenchman 28、man 29、woman 30、Chinese 31、Japanese 32、American 33、sheep 34、foot 35、tooth 36、child 二、选择正确的词形 1． How many (radioes, radios) can you see? 2． There are 36 (boys, boies) in my class. 3． Look at those (sheeps, sheep). 4． I don’t want (a, an) old cup. 5． Give me that (box, boxes), please. 三、用所给单词的正确形式填空. 1. There’re ten living in this building.（family） 2. In autumn fall form the trees.（leaf） 3. A lot of visited our school last week.（policeman） 4. The teach us how to pick apples.（farm） 5. The plaza is full of .（visit） 6. The shop sells . （radio） 7. There are many different kinds of in the shop.（knife） 8. Do you know who was the of the paper?（invent） 9. The girl has just had an on her eyes.（operate） 10. When I grow up，I want to be a .（science） 11. I have two_____ (knife) 12. There are many _____ here. (box) 13. There are many _______ on the road. (bus) 14. A few _________ are drawing on the wall. (boy) 15. The _________ are playing football now. (child) 四、将以下单复数句进行转换 1. This is a knife.  ___________________________________          1. That is a tomato.              ___________________________________ 1. That child is very good. ___________________________________ 4. These are mice.  ___________________________________         1. Those are children.    ___________________________________ 五、用所给名词的所有格形式完成下列句子. 1. —— Are these dictionaries you （brother）? —— No，they are my （father）. 2. Excuse me，which is the way to the Hospital? （Children） 3. —— Whose are the rain coats? —— They are the （students）. 4. After my sister finished middle school，she went to the college.（teachers） 5. —— Is there anything important in newspaper? —— No，there isn’t.（today） 六、填空 Hi, I am Alex. Nice to meet you, I have a happy family. Look! This is a photo 1.___________my family. Here2.___________ (be) four people in my family. They are my wife(妻子)，my daughter，my son 3.___________ I. I am a teacher 4.___________a middle school. My5.___________ (wife) name is Mary, she is a teacher,6.___________ . Linda is my daughter, she is a student. 7.___________  (whom) is he? He is my son ,8.___________(he) name is Tim. Tim is 9.___________little baby, he likes crying(哭).They are my family, I love 10.___________ (they). 第四节 名词 1. 动词 1. 实义动词（vi/vt） 1. 系动词(其后直接跟形容词或名词做表语) 状态类 be (am, is, are) 感官类 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 变化类 become, get, turn, come, go 持续类 keep, stay, remain be动词用法： I用am, you用are, is连着他她它。单数名词用is,复数名词都用are. be动词构成的句型结构：主语+连系动词+表语（主系表结构） 1. 助动词do does 1. 情态动词can, must, need, should （没有人称和数的变化） 情态动词后接动词原形 5.否定形式：实义动词靠助动词构成否定；be动词和情态动词在其后加not构成否定 第五节 代词 1. 代词 我 我们 你 你们 他 她 它 他/她/它们 主格 I we you you he she it they 宾格 me us you you him her it them 形容词性物主代词 my our your your his her its their 名词性物主代词 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 主格用在be动词、谓语动词之前作主语 宾格用在动词或介词后作宾语 形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词（有名则形，无名则名） Exercise 单选 1. We should depend on __________ more than our parents and teachers. A. we B. us C. ours D. ourselves 2. Miss Lin teaches _____English this term. ---You are lucky.______ is a very good teacher. A. our； She B. us； He C. us； She D. ours； He 3. My father is an excellent teacher and his students like ______． A. her B. him C. she D. he 4. My friend Jason is a book lover and ________ often reads online. A. he B. she C. it D. they 5. They are my good friends. I love _______ and they love _______. A. they; me B. them; I C. them; me D. they; I 6. We use chopsticks every day and it is ______ Chinese tradition. A. his B. your C. our D. their 7. Mike moved to China with ______ family two years ago. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 8. —What is Betty's phone number? —Well, _______ phone number is 1391234567. A. your B. its C. her D. his 9. This is ________ pencil. And the red one is ________. A. my; her B. my; hers C. mine; her D. mine; hers 10. —Gina, where is your sister? I need ______ help. —______ is under the tree. A. her; She B. she; She C. her; Her D. she; Her 11. The doctors did their best to fight against H7N9 bird flu and thought less about ______. A. they B. their C. them D. themselves 12. —Do you know who taught _______ English? —Nobody. He learned it by _______. A. his; himself B. him; him C. him; himself D. his; him 13. My brother is only four years old. He can't take care of ______. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 14. Teenage girls sometimes lose confidence in___. A. herself B. himself C. yourselves D. themselves 填空 Good morning, boys and girls! I 1. 　 (be) Alice, I can 2. 　 　 (spell) my name-- A-L-I-C-E. Look! What is this? It's 3.　 　jacket. What color is it? It's green and it is 4. 　 　 (I) jacket. I like 5.　 　 color green very much. What's this 6.　 　 English? It's a map. What color is it? It 7.　 　 (be) yellow. And it's a map of China. What's that? Oh, it's 8. orange. I like eating orange. Look at that girl, she is Cindy. Cindy and I 9.　 　 (be) good friends. I like 10.　 　 (she) very much. 第六节 名词 五、adj./adv. 1. 形容词的用法及位置 1) 作定语： 形容词修饰名词时置于名词之前；修饰不定代词时，置于不定代词之后。 如：What beautiful flowers！ I have something important to tell you. 2) 作表语 在be动词、感官动词以及变化类等系动词后用形容词作表语。 如：He is young. The food tastes delicious. 3) 作宾语补足语: 放在宾语之后，常与make, leave, keep, find等动词连用。 如：You should keep your room clean every day. Don’t leave the door open when you go out. 4) -ing/-ed -ing描述事物本身的特征，“令人...的” -ed描述人的感受，“感到...的” interesting有趣的 interested感兴趣的 boring无聊的，没趣的 boring感到厌烦的 relaxing令人放松的 relaxed感到放松的 exciting令人兴奋的 excited感到兴奋的 surprising令人惊讶的 surprised感到惊讶的 5）It’s+adj.+for sb. to do sth.做某事对某人来说是... It’s+adj.+for sb.对某人来说是... 2. 形容词变副词规则 1）一般在形容词的词尾加-ly，例如： quick—quickly， slow—slowly， loud—loudly， sudden—suddenly 2） 辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加-ly。例如： happy—happily， angry—angrily， lucky—luckily， heavy—heavily， noisy—noisily 等。 3）以-ble, -ple, -tle结尾的形容词，去e加-y。例如： possible—possibly， terrible—terribly等。 4) 少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。例如：true—truly等。但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。例如：polite—politely， wide—widely等。 5) 以-ic结尾的形容词，多加-ally，如：basic—basically, scientific—scientifically 3. 副词位置灵活，用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。 Exercise 一、把下列形容词变为副词 slow_________ happy_________ healthy_________ shy_________ dry_________ nice_________ wise_________ responsible_________ gentle_________ possible_________ probable_________ simple_________ terrible_________ true_________ whole_________ due_________ basic_________ economic_________ public_________ 二、选择下划线中正确的词 1 Don’t eat so quick/quickly. It’s not good for you. __________ 2 Why are you angry/angrily? I haven’t done anything. __________ 3 Can you speak slow/slowly, please? ___________ 4 Come on, Dave! Why are you always so slow/slowly? ___________ 5 Bill is a very careful/carefully driver. ___________ 6 Jane is studying hard/hardly for her exams. ___________ 7 Please be quiet/quietly. I’m studying. ___________ 三、选用 good /well. 1. Your exam results were very __________. 2. You did very _________ in your exams. 3. The weather was very ___________ while we were on holiday. 4. I didn’t sleep very ________ last night. 5. The party was very ______. I enjoyed it very much. 6. I like your jacket. It looks _____ on you. 7. I’ve met her a few times but I don’t know her very _________. 四、单选 ( )1. Just be ______; you can't lose your weight in a day. A. careful B. patient C. honest ( )2. — What do you think of the TV program The Reader? — Excellent. Many people are ______ about it. They never miss it. A. nervous B. worried C. crazy ( )3. Mr. Black's speech is ______. It helps us have a better understanding of life. A. silly B. awful C. excellent ( )4. Tina is very ______. Her face often turns red while answering questions in class. A. shy B. active C. smart ( )5.— It's reported that self­driving cars are expected to change the way we move around. — That sounds ______. A. bad B. badly C. great ( )6. Tina, close the door ______. Your brother is studying for the exam. A. clearly B. easily C. quietly 第七节 数词 六、数词 0-12单独成词 zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve 13-19以-teen结尾 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen 20-90以-ty结尾 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety 21-99十位-个位 twenty-one, forty-two 100-900具体数字+hundred one hundred, five hundred 101-999百位后加and one hundred and one, three hundred and fifty-two 1.表示年龄。基数词+year(s) old。 e.g. He is twelve years old. 2. 用来表示人/物的数量，放在可数名词之前。 e.g. I have three balls. 3. 表示顺序、编号等，放在名词后。名词和基数词首字母通常大写。 e.g. I'm in Class Twenty-one, Grade Seven. 4. 用来计算。 e.g. What's forty and twenty? It's sixty. 5.表示号码/价格/时间。 e.g. My phone number is 23876271. e.g. The book is 30 dollars. e.g. It's eight twenty now. 基数词只能修饰可数名词，要注意基数词和名词在数上要保持一致。 e.g. one banana一根香蕉 five boys五个男孩 【难点】hundred（百）,thousand（千）,million（百万）等与具体数字连用时，用单数形式，且后不接介词of；当其前没有具体数字时，要用复数形式，且后面要加of。 e.g. three hundred teachers 300位老师 hundreds of students 数百名学生 计算：What’s +数词+and/plus(+)/minus(-)+数词？ It’s +数词. 乘multiply... by... 除....divide by... Five and three is eight. Five minus three is two. Multiply 5 by 3 is 15. 8 divide by 2 is 4. 序数词 1. 基变序有规律（-th），123单独记，8加h9去e，ve要用f替，y结尾，变ie，再加-th莫忘记，几十几，只变个位就可以。 first, second, third，fourth,fifth,sixth,seventh,eighth,ninth,tenth,eleventh,twelfth,thirteenth, fourteenth,fifteenth,sixteenth,seventeenth,eighteenth,nineteenth, twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eightieth, ninetieth, twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-third, twenty-fourth, twenty-fifth, twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh, twenty-eighth, twenty-ninth thirty-first, thirty-second, ... 2. 缩写：在阿拉伯数字后面加上序数词的最后两个字母 first—1st第一,second—2nd第二,third—3rd第三,fourth—4th第四 3.用法： 1. the+序数词表示顺序 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。 2. a/an +序数词表示“又一，再一” I think I must do it a second time.我想这件事我必须再做一次。（已做过一次） 3. 所有格或物主代词+序数词表示“谁的第几个” my first book我的第一本书 4.分数表达：分子基数词，分母序数词——分子是1，分母用单数；分子大于1，分母用复数 one fourth四分之一 two thirds三分之二 Exercise 一、根据句子的意思，填入适当的数词 1. There are ________ letters in English alphabet(字母表). 2. There are _______ days in a week. 3. There are ____________ hours in a day. 4. Everyone has ______ eyes,______ ears ,________ mouth and ______ nose. 5. Twenty and fifty is __________. 6. There are ______ days in January. 7. There are ______ people in my family, they are my father, my mother and I. 8.Tony broke the dishes the t________ time in one week and his mother was angry. 9.August is the ________ (eight) month of the year. 10.It is impossible for me to walk from the fourth floor to the ________ (one) floor in one minute. 11.March is the ________ (three) month of a year. 12.My parents will have a big party for my sister's ________ (twelve) birthday. 13.I got a nice present on my ________ (nine) birthday. 14.Mr. Green lives on the ________（three）floor. 15.The ________ (twenty) girl is my sister, Sally. 二、单项选择 1. There are two______ people in the dining room. A. hundred B. hundreds of C. hundred of 2. We are going to learn _______ this term. A. book five B. five book C. Book Five 3. Look! There are ________ in the sky. A. million of B. millions of stars C. million of stars 4. Lingling is in ______. A. Class Four, Grade One B. Grade One, Class Four C. Class Four, grade one 5. My mother goes to supermarket at five_______ twelve in the afternoon. A. to B. too C. pass D. past 6. He lives in ________. A. 301 Room B. 301 room C. Room 301 D. Rooms 301 7. He will come here_______ tomorrow morning. A. at tenth B. at ten C. on ten D. till tenth 8. The shop is about ______ away from here. A. two hundred meters B. two hundreds meters C. two hundred meter 9.----What’s the date today? ----It’s_______. A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th 10.--_______ bananas do you need? ---Three. _______ are they? A. How many, How much B. How many; How many C. How much, How much D. How much; How many 11.We have ______ students. A. fourty-four B. four-fourty C. forty-four D. four-forty 12. ---______ does Jim want? ---- Only a few. A. How many apples B. How many apple C. How much apples D. How much apple 13.—How was your weekend? —Great! It was my grandfather's________ birthday. We enjoyed ourselves. A. seventieth B. seventies C. seventeenth D. the seventieth 14.September is the _______ month in a year. A. ninth B. nine C. nineth D. nineteen 15.-- This is the________time that I come to Paris. I have been here twice. -- Me too. The world is so large that I want to see more of it. A. first B. second C. third D. three 16.His son is _______ now. Today it's his _______ birthday. A. four; four B. fourth; four C. four; fourth D. fourth; fourth 17.— Excuse me. Which is the way to the museum? — Sorry, I don't know. This is my _____ time here. A. first B. second C. two 18.—Is this your _______ time to visit my mother country, China? —Yes, so I’m really, really excited. A. one B. the one C. first 19.It is ________birthday of the boy. A. nine B. the nine C. the ninth 20.Ms. Black has ________sons, and the________ son is a sports star. A. three; three B. three; third C. third; third 21.This is my ________ time visit to America. I have never been there before. A. one B. two C. first 22.Tuesday is _____ day in a week . A. the first B. the second C. the third 23.— Have you visited Qingdao? — Yes. This is ________ time to visit it. A. third B. a third C. my third D. my the third 24.March ______is my_______ birthday. A. eleven; eleventh B. ninth ; nineteenth C. twelfth ; thirteen 25.Tomorrow we are going to take part in Running Game for________ time. A. one B. first C. the first 26.Ted got a model plane on _________ birthday. He really loves it. A. the fourteen B. fourteenth C. his fourteenth D. his fourteen 27.He climbed so fast that he reached ________ floor in two minutes. A. nine B. the nine C. the ninth D. ninth 第八节 基本句型 七、五大基本句型 I. 句子成分 主要成分：主语、谓语 次要成分：宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语、同位语 eg. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. II. 英语句子种类 1. 按句子的用途分： 1) 陈述句（肯定、否定）： eg. He is six years old. She didn’t hear of you before. 2) 疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）： eg. Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she? ①一般疑问句 把助动词或情态动词提到句首。用yes或no来回答 Exercise 1.She’s my sister（改为一般疑问句） ______ ______ your sister？ 2.Are these your books？（作肯定回答） ______, ______ ______. 3.Is that her cup？（作否定回答） ______, ______ ______. 4.I’m Kate.（改为一般疑问句） ______ ______ Kate？ 5.Are you in China？（作肯定回答） ______, I ______. 6. Can you sing ？（作否定回答） _______ ，I _______. 7. Does he like speaking English?（作肯定回答） ____，he ____ _______. 8. We often talk about our hobbies.（改为一般疑问句 9.I like running and jumping.（改为一般疑问句） 10. She does her homework carefully.（改为一般疑问句） ② 特殊疑问句 由特殊疑问词引导，就句中某一部分进行提问，一般读降调，回答不能用yes或no。 特殊疑问词分两类： 1)疑问代词what, who, which, whose, whom 2)疑问副词when, where, why, how等 3）疑问词组：how often, how many, how much, how long, how far, what time/day, what color, what about, how about, how old, … 4）结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句? 问句中的名词在答语在通常要用相应的人称代词来代替 --What’s this? --It’s a map. 一、用疑问词填空 1. -_________ do you like Friday? -Because I have art and P.E. 2. -_________ likes singing and dancing? -Lucy does. 3. -_________ is your father's favorite sport? -Running. 4. -_________ is your weekend? -It's great. 5. -_________ is your School Day? -It's on October 28th. 6. -_________ are you, Lingling? -I'm fine. Thank you very much. 7. -_________ is your new iPad? -It is about 1,800 yuan. 8. -_________ do you want to have for lunch? -I want to have some bread. 9. -_________ is the girl in yellow? -She is nine years old. 10. -_________ is your computer? -It is on the sofa. 二、根据答语写出问句 11. -___________________________ -My bag is under the chair. 12. -___________________________ -My sister is only five. 13. -___________________________ -My favorite star is Li Na. 14. -___________________________ -Because I think red can make me lucky. 15. -___________________________ -This pencil box is 5 yuan. 16. -___________________________ -It's a book. 17. -___________________________ -Chen Xiao's birthday is on July 6th, 1987. 18. -___________________________ -My favorite subject is music. ③选择疑问句 选择疑问句结构很简单，就是先把一般疑问句结构写出，然后在其后加上“or + 选择部分”即可，当然其标点也是问号。 Are you a student? 变成：Are you a student or a teacher? Do you like playing soccer or basketball? Can you speak English or Chinese? 选择疑问句的回答不同于一般疑问句，不能用yes/no来回答，而必须选择选项进行回答。如： --Is your father a doctor or an engineer? --A doctor. Exercise 1．—— Does he have big eyes or small eyes? A. No, he doesn't B. He has big eyes C. Yes, he has small eyes D. / 2．—— Is Mary from Canada or Australia? A. Yes, she is B. She's from Canda C. No, she isn't from Australia D. / 3．--Do you like summer or winter? --_____. I really like the snow. A. Yes, I do B. No, I don’t C. Summer D. Winter 4．—— Does your mother have long or short hair? A. Yes, she does B. Long hair C. Yes, she has long hair D. / ④反义疑问句 反义疑问句又叫附加疑问句(tag question）,前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，对陈述句所叙述的事情提出的事情提出相反的疑问，这种疑问句叫反义疑问句。 结构：（即我们平时所说的“前肯后否，前否后肯”） ①肯定陈述句+否定简短问句; ②否定陈述句+肯定简短问句; Eg. 　It’s unfair, isn’t it? 不公平，是吗？ 　　 You dislike it, don’t you? 你不喜欢它，是吗? 　　 The patient is unable to move round, isn’t he? 这个病人不能到处走，是吗? 3) 祈使句：用于表示请求、劝告。命令、建议等的句子 通常省略主语you，多以动词原形开头 为使语气委婉，可与please连用，可放在句首或句尾，放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开 否定句：Don’t +动词原形 Eg. Stand up! Please stand up! = Stand up，please! Don’t talk in class！ 4) 感叹句：How clever the boy is! What a clever boy! 2. 按句子的结构分： 简单句、并列句和复合句。 1) 简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 2) 并列句：包含两个或两个以上的句子且句子之间有并列连词and/but/or等 或用分号连接。 3) 复合句：包含一个主句和一个从句或一个主句和多个从句的句子，且从句用从属连词引导。 名词性从句（主语/宾语/表语/同位语从句）;定语从句;状语从句 III. 英语五大基本句型 (简单句） You come. 你来。 I love you. 我爱你。 I give you my heart. 我把心给你。 You make me happy. 你让我快乐。 You are my everything. 你是我的一切。 总结：英语句子有以下严格要求：1.必须有__________；2.必须有_______；3.要能表达_____________，若意思不完整则需要在主语和谓语动词后添加其他补充成分，如表语/宾语/宾补。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句式及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句式，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。五种基本句式如下： 1. S+V(主＋谓) 2. S+V+O(主＋谓＋宾) 3. S+V+P(主＋系＋表) 4. S+V+O+O(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾) 5. S+V+O+C(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补) 1. 基本句型一： S十Vi （主谓结构） 这个句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词, 不能直接带宾语(接宾语必须后加介词), 其后常带有状语，由副词, 介词短语，状语从句等来充当。 常见的不及物动词有arrive, come, go, live, fall, rise, happen, exist, agree等。 The girl sings beautifully. 主 谓 Detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. 主 谓 The accident happened when she was crossing the street. 主 谓 Translation: 1. 他从早到晚努力工作。 2. 我目前生活在北京。 3. 事故是昨天晚上发生的。（accident n.事故） 2. 基本句型二： S十Vt十O （主谓宾结构） 此句型中的谓语动词应为及物动词。谓语动词都具有实际意义，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟上一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。有些不及物动词后加介词构成及物动词短语后可以接宾语，构成主谓宾结构。其后可接宾语的成分通常是：名词、代词、动词不定式(to do)、动名词(v-ing)或从句。 They are reading books. 主 谓 宾 He just wanted to stay at home. 主 谓 宾 All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 主 谓 宾（从句） Translation 1.我们每天有八节课。 2.我想跟你一起去看足球赛。 3.昨天在商场，我们遇到了一群外国人。 3. 基本句型（三）：S十V十P （主系表结构） This is a good story and it sounds very interesting. 主 系 表 主 系 表 此句型中谓语动词需用系动词，表语用来说明主语的特征、状态、类属、身份等。 Translation 1. 我是李华。 2. 我父母都是英语教师。 3.地震期间你应保持冷静。(earthquake n.地震) 4. 基本句型（四）：S十V十Oi+Od （主谓+间宾+直宾） 此句型中的谓语动词为授予动词，后接双宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；另一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。但如果直接宾语在前，间接宾语在后，中间需要加上一个介词to或for。 常见授予动词有 ： give, send, tell, teach, pay, show, award, bring, hand, lend, mail, offer, owe, pass, pay, post (sth. to sb.); book, buy, choose, cook, draw, fetch, find, get, make, order (sth. for sb.)等 Mr Smith gave me some advice.= Mr Smith gave some advice to me. 主 谓 间宾 直宾 He bought his son a bicycle.= He bought a bicycle for his son. 主 谓 间宾 直宾 Translation 1.他向我们提供了大量的食物和水。 2.他们定期给我们发来邮件。（regularly adv.定期） 3. 我能提供给你一些有用的建议。 5. 基本句型（五）：S十V十O+Oc （主谓宾+宾补） 此句型中谓语动词为不完全及物动词，主谓宾结构还不能表达完整的意思，必须加一个宾语补足语来说明宾语的情况才能使句子完整。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、非谓语动词、副词或介词短语等充当。 We call him a living dictionary. 主 谓 宾 宾补 You will find my suggestions very useful. 主 谓 宾 宾补 Our English teacher always encourages us to work hard. 主 谓 宾 宾补 We saw them getting on the bus. 主 谓 宾 宾补 Translation 1.我们选他当班长。(elect v.选) 2.我们必须保持我们的教室干净整洁。 3.我听到她刚刚在教室开心地唱歌。 八、There be 句型 1.There be+sb/sth +地点 “在某地有某人或某物” There is a bank in the neighborhood. 2.There be 句型就近原则 be 动词在人称和数上应与后面的第一个名词保持一致。 There is some salad on the table。 There are some students in the classroom. There is a boy and two girls in the room. There are two girls and a boy in the room. 3. There be 句型的一般疑问句：将be 动词提到句首。 肯定回答：Yes，there is /are 否定回答：No，there isn’t/aren’t --Is there a bank near here? --Yes, there is. /No, there isn’t. 4. There be 句型的否定句：在be 后加not. There is a post office near hear. There isn’t a post office near hear. 5. There be 句型与have/has 的区别： *There be 句型表示客观存在;have/has 表示主观拥有 *There be 句型不能与have/has 连用。 Exercise I.用be动词的正确形式填空 1. There many windows in the classroom. 2. There some bread on the table. 3. There a pen and two erasers in the pencil box. 4. There some flowers and books on the desk. 5. There any juice in the glass. II.单项选择 6. There still milk in the fridge. We don't need to go to the supermarket today, A. is; any B. is; some C. are; any D. isn't; any 7.-Is there a football match in the gym? - Yes, . 1. it is B. this is C. there is D. there has 8. Hurry up! There little time left. A. has B. is C. have D. are 9. There a little girl with blonde hair near the forest. A. is B. are C. has D. have 10.-Have you got some water to drink? -Here you are. There still some in the bottle. A. are B. has C.is D. have 课堂检测 1.桌子下有一本书。 __________ ________ a book under the table (desk). 2.椅子旁边有一些篮球。 __________ ________ some basketballs near the chair. 3.第六条大街上没有银行。 __________ ________ a bank on Sixth Street. 4.我们学校没有一些外国学生。 __________ ________ any foreign students in our school. 1. 桌子上有一只苹果和一些梨子。 __________ ________ an apple and some pears on the table. 6.桌子上有一些梨子和一只苹果。 __________ ________some pears and an apple on the table. 7. ---图书馆旁边有一个付费电话吗?---不，没有。 ---__________ ________ a pay phone next to the library? ---No, __________ ________ . 8.---你家有兄弟吗? ---是的，有。 ---__________ ________ any brothers in your family?---Yes, __________ ________. 第九节 时态复习 九、一般现在时 1. 定义：表示经常性或习惯性的动作。常与时间状语every…, often, usually, always, sometimes, never 连用 2. 动词变单三规则： 1）一般情况下，直接+s 如read-reads, write-writes 2）以ch, sh, s,x 或o 结尾的单词，在词尾加es 如watch-watches， go-goes, brush-brushes 3）以辅音字母+y 结尾，变y为i再加es. 十、现在进行时（The Present Progressive Tense） 1.定义：表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的的动作。 如：The student are listening to the teacher. He is watching TV now. 现在进行时也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 We are working on a farm these days. I’m writing a book this month. 2. 结构：be doing。 3. 动词-ing(v-ing/doing)形式的构成： 1)一般在动词原形末尾加-ing. go—going ask—asking look—looking 2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing. write—writing make—making take—taking 3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个字母，再加-ing。 get—getting sit—sitting put—putting run—running begin—beginning 4)以ie结尾的重读开音节动词改ie为y，再加-ing。 die—dying lie—lying tie—tying 十一、一般过去式 1. 定义：一般过去时态表示在过去发生的事情，其时间状语一般是表示在过去。 2. 动词过去式的构成。规则动词VS不规则动词 1）.规则动词的过去式的构成规则： ①一般在动词原形末尾加-ed.比如：look—looked, play—played, start—started, want—wanted… ②以e结尾的动词，在末尾加-d.比如：live—lived, hope—hoped, use—used, like—liked… ③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed比如：stop—stopped, plan—planned, shop—shopped… ④以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变“y”为“i”，在加-ed. 比如：study—studied, carry—carried, worry—worried, cry—cried… ☆动词的过去式和原形不一样，那么该如何去读每个单词呢。下面我们来学习规则动词-ed的读音规则： a:ed在清辅音后面读/t/; 例如：cooked passed helped looked b: ed 在元音、浊辅音后面读 /d/ ； borrowed moved enjoyed c: ed 在 /t/ /d/ 音后面读 /id/ started wanted shouted needed 小结：清念/t/，元浊/d/，/t//d/ 后面是/id/。 2). 不规则动词 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 am, is was do did eat ate are were catch caught tell told begin began come came write wrote break broke take took see saw bring brought say said go went buy bought make made run ran can could sit sat put put 不规则动词的过去式要花心思去记忆，避免和规则动词的构成规则混淆。 3.一般过去时态的时间状语 a moment ago 刚才 two days ago 两天前 just now 刚才 yesterday 昨天 yesterday morning/afternoon/evening昨天早晨、昨天上午/昨天下午/昨天晚上 last night/week/month/year 昨晚/上星期/上个月/去年 the day before yesterday 前天 in 1997 在1997年 the other day 前几天 Tom bought a new book last week. 汤姆上星期买了一本新书。 4. 掌握一般过去式的肯定句式、否定句式、一般疑问句以及特殊疑问句 谓语动词是be 谓语动词是do 肯定句 He was in the room yesterday. They watched TV yesterday. 否定句 He was not in the room yesterday. They didn’t watch TV yesterday. 一般疑问句 Was he in the room yesterday? Did they watch TV yesterday? Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t. Yes, they did. No, they didn’t. 特殊疑问句 Where was he yesterday? What did they do yesterday? Exercise 一、单项选择 1. — What does Mr. Wang usually do after dinner? — He usually ________ after dinner, but now he is ________ TV. A．takes a walk; watches B．takes a walk; watching C．taking a walk; watches D．taking a walk; watching 2. Mr. Green has a dog. He ________ walking it every evening. A．enjoyed B．will enjoy C．enjoys D．has enjoyed 3. It ________ yesterday. It was sunny. A．rains B．doesn’t rain C．didn’t rain 4. I usually _____ some milk every day. But I _____ coffee yesterday. A. drink; drank B. is drinking; drink C. drank; am drinking 5.-He didn't go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he? - _______. A. No, he doesn't B. Yes, he didn't C. No, he did D. Yes, he did. 二、适当形式填空 1. Be quiet. The baby ______.(sleep) 2. He________ TV every evening. (watch) 3.We often _______(go) to school by bus last year. 4.I ________(live)in the village when I was a child. 5.Mike______(see) a big tiger in the zoo last year. 6.Sam_____ (do) the housework yesterday. 7.______(do) you _______(enjoy) yourself yesterday? 8. I ______ (eat) a big apple yesterday. 9.There________ (be) many sheep on the farm last year. 10. We________(have) a good time yesterday. 11. We always ________ to school on foot. (go) 12. Tom with his classmates often ______ football after school. (play) 13. She ______ for her friends now. (wait) 14. ______ here and ______ by me. (come, stand) 15. Look, the bus _______. (come) 16. They ________ in Beijing in 1960. (be) 17. He always _______ to work by bike when he was in Shanghai. (go) 18. John ________ like his father. (look) 19. He _____(visit) the Great Wall last year. 20. Look! Some people __________in the lake. (swim) 三、句型转换 1. Jim learns English well.（变一般疑问句） __________ Jim __________ English well? 2.Look! Lily is dancing to music.（改为一般疑问句） Look! __________ Lily __________ to music? 3.Sam was a little boy at that time.（变为否定句） Sam __________ __________ a little boy at that time. 4.She likes Sichuan food very much.（对划线部分提问） What __________ she __________ very much? 5. I want to do some shopping.（变一般疑问句） __________ you __________ to do any shopping? 6. Tom often watches TV at night.（对划线部分提问） What __________ Tom often __________ at night? 7. They sometimes go swimming in the afternoon.（对划线部分提问） What __________ they sometimes __________ in the evening? 8.His friends were in the library just now.（对划线部分提问） __________ __________ his friends just now? $$