2024年一轮复习中职英语虚拟语气复习学案

虚拟语气，英语语法，英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。虚拟语气是说话者用来表示假设，或难以实现的情况，而非客观存在的事实，所陈述的是一个条件，不一定是事实，甚至完全与事实相反。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。 · 虚拟语气 · 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如： If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 Hope you succeed! 祝你成功！ If only we had been college students last year! 上一年我们要是大学生该多好！ 应用条件 在表示假想的虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。主要是英语语法的一种表达。 条件状语的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的甚至完全不可能发生的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 例如： If he doesn't hurry up，he will miss the bus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实) If he is free，he will ask me to tell stories.如果他有空，他会要求我讲故事。（真实） If I were you，I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（我不可能是你。非真实，虚拟语气，与现在事实相反） If there were no air，people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（不可能没有空气。非真实，虚拟语气，与现在事实相反） I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可以亲自去看她，这样好一些。　(=If I saw her personally，it would be better.) 一、表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were) 主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do： If I were you，I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） If I knew his telephone number，I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） If there were no air or water，there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) If I had any money with me，I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没有带钱） If he studied harder，he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力） If I were you， I'd wear a shirt and tie. 如果我是你，我就会穿衬衫和领带。（事实：我并不是你） 二、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done eg： If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 （事实：去晚了） If he had taken my advice，he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。 （事实：没有听我的话） 三、表示与将来事实相反 从句：①if+主语+were to do ②if+主语+should+do ③if +动词过去式（be动词用were） 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do eg： If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能） If there were a heavy snow next Sunday，we would go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就去滑冰。（事实：下雪可能性很小，不可能） If she were to be here next Monday，I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能） 四、有时，虚拟条件句中，如果主句和从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与正在发生的事实不符。 eg： If I had worked hard at school，I would be an engineer now. 如果我当时在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在就是一个工程师了 If they had informed us，we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 如：If he were free today，we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们就已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her，he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 五、倒装: 当从句的谓语动词含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把were，should，had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。eg： Were I Tom，I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。 Should it be necessary，I would go. 假若有必要，我会去的。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 Should he agree to go there，we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去了。 Were she here，she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers，we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注】 ① 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren’t，Shouldn’t，Hadn’t而置于句首。 ② 有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词： Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 六、含蓄条件句：非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来。在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…，but for…（要不是因为...）等。 · 6.1 情况一：条件暗含在副词或介词短语中 · 这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文，即省略条件从句后，所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的。 But for his help，we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。（暗含短语but for his help） But for your help，I would not have succeeded in the experiment.（暗含条件是but for your help） Without your instruction，I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。（暗含条件介词短语without your instruction） Without your help，we wouldn’t have achieved so much.（暗含条件是介词短语without your help） We didn't know his telephone number，otherwise we would have telephoned him.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。（暗含条件otherwise） It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately.不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障。（暗含条件是not to lubricate the bearing immediately） 七、有时 ，虚拟条件语气的从句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 · 7.1省略从句 · He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你本能通过这次考试的。 ②省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。 If only I had got it. 我要是得到它了该多好啊。 八、注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was。 If I were him，I would not go there. 如果我是他，我就不会去那里。 If I were you，I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，我就会去找他。 [1] I用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空  1.If you 　　　　　　　(arrive) ten minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.  2.It's time that we 　　　　　　　(go) to the railway station.  3.If they　　　　　 　(not help) us ,our experiment would have failed.  4.You're five minutes late.I suggested that you 　　　　　　　(come )earlier tomorrow.  5.Mather often tells us that it is necessary that we 　　　　　　　(drink) a glass of water after we get up.  6.She insisted that she 　　　　　　　　(send) to work in the faraway small town.  7.I not 　　　　　　(forget) his telephone number, I would have rung him.  8. He is busy now. If he 　　　　　　　(be) free, he 　　　　　　(go) with you.  9. The manager was in his office then. If he 　　　　　　(be) here, everything         (settle) in a minute.  10.Noisy as it was, he went on reading as if nothing 　　　　　　　(happen).　  II 单选选择 1. If I had had enough time, I___ my work.　　　　 A. would finish　 B. must have finished　 C. would have finished　 D. had finished 2.Ten minutes earlier, they ___ the plane.　　　　 A. will catch　 B. would catch　 C. would have caught　 D. will have caught 3. Mr Green requires that the students ___ a composition every other week. A. write　　 B. written　　 C. would write　　 D. will write 4.Had he studied hard, he___ the exam.　　　　　　　　　 A. would pass　 B. could pass　 C. had passed　 D. would have passed 5.I wish I ___ what is happening there in his room.　　 A. know　 B. known　 C. knew　 D. should know 6.It is important that you ___ sports every day.　 A. have　 B. would have　 C. must have　 D. will have 7.If there were no water in the world, everything ___.　 A. will die　 B. would die　 C. would have died　 D. would have been dead 8. ___ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone. A. Had I known　 B. If I know　 C. If I knew　 D. If had I known 9.He ordered that the work ___ right away.　　　　　 A. should finish　 B. finished　 C. would be finished　 D. be finished 10.—Shall we go to the movie tonight?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 —No, I'd rather ___ at home with our baby. You'd better not leave it to the babysitter at night. A. you stayed　 B. you stay　 C. stayed　 D. stay 11. ___ in your position, I would help him.　　　　 A. Was I　 B. Were I　 C. If I am　 D. If I had been 12.I ___, but I was stopped by the heavy rain.　　　 A. mean to come　B. meant to come　 C. had meant to come　 D. meant coming 13.Mrs Black insists___ in that old hotel.　　 A. not to stay　 B. not staying　 C. staying not　 D. that she not stay 14.If you had spoken clearly, you would___.　　　　　 A. understand it　 B. have understood　 C. be understood　 D. have been understood 15. If you ___ that late movie last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy. A. haven't watched　B. hadn't watched　 C. didn't watch　 D. wouldn't have watched III语法填空 Tom and Tim are twins.They look as if they 1____________ (be)the same person.Both the two boys are smart,but Tom is hard-working while Tim is lazy.Tom always wins first place in exams while Tim doesn't. However,people believe that if Tim 2____________ (work)as hard as Tom,he would do as well as his brother in his study. At home,their parents make a suggestion that they 3____________ (do)the dishes in turn and insist that they 4____________(finish)their homework before playing computer games.But Tim insists that it 5____________ (be)also OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework on time.Their mother gives in in the end. One day,when doing his homework,Tom found he made a serious mistake.So he put his exercise book aside and used another one.When Tim found the previous exercise book,he struck out Tom's name and signed his name on its cover happily,and handed it in as his own homework the next day. When the teacher told the truth to the twins' mother,she was very angry and shouted at Tim,"How I wish you 6 ____________(be)as diligent as your brother!Now it's time that I 7____________ (give)you a good lesson.And you mustn't play any computer games for a whole month too. “Oh,no！Mom.Without a computer for such a long time,I 8____________(die).I would rather you 9____________ (ask)me to do the dishes for a month alone."Tim was upset. "If you 10____________ (finish)your homework on time yesterday,you wouldn't be punished now,"said the mother. 答案 I 1.had arrived 2.went (should go) 3.had not helped 4.(should) come  5.(should) drink  　 6.(should) be sent 7.Had; forgotten  8.were;would go  9.had been;would have been settled 10.were happening  II 1-5 CCADC　 6-10 ABADA　 11-15 BCDDB III 1 were 2. worked 3.(should) do 4.(should) finish 5.is 6.were 7.gave / should give 8.would die 9 .asked 10.had finished 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$