2024年一轮复习中职英语倒装句复习学案

在现实的语言实践中，由于语法结构的要求，或是由于修辞的需要，往往要改变句子的自然语序，把一些本应置于主语之后的句子成分提到主语之前。我们称这种语序的变化为“倒装语序”这样的倒装语序可能使句子的内在含义产生细微的、甚至明显的改变。只有注意观察引起倒装的原因，才能更准确地理解句子的含义。为了使句子的某成分突出，我们还会使用强调，而倒装语序大多都用于强调。 倒装句构成 主语和谓语是句子的核心，它们之间有两种语序 一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序（Natural Order）； 二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序（Inverted Order）。 而倒装语序中又有完全倒装（Full Inversion）和部分倒装（Partial Inversion） 1.完全倒装（Full Inversion）：又称"全部倒装",是指将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。 ①谓语+主语+…… There be（的各种形式）+主语（+地点或时间状语） 例子： There was a drop in the temperature.温度下降了 There are birds singing in the tree.鸟儿在树上唱歌。 ②副词小品词+谓语动词+名词主语+…… 例子： Out rushed a young lady. 一位年轻女士冲了出去。 ③过去分词或现在分词+be的各种形式+主语+…… 例子：Scattered on the floor were several books and magazines.几本书和杂志散落在地板上 2.部分倒装（Partial Inversion）（又称半倒装句）：指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 作用 英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装，二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。 前一种情况,倒装是必须的，否则就会出现语法错误；后一种情况，倒装是选择性的，倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。 1.表示强调 ：倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调，其表现形式如下： 1.only +状语或状语从句置于句首，被该状语修饰的句子用部分倒装。 例子：Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法，你才可以解决这个问题。 Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake. 只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。 2. hardly,in no way,little,scarcely,seldom,never,no more,no longer,not,not only,no sooner,not only … (but also),not until… 等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首，句子用部分倒装。 例子： No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。 Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。 Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night . 她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。 3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。 例子： So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱，令每个人都瞠目结舌。 To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长，以致于那两个演员都走出去了。 以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分，其语气较自然语序强烈，因而具有极佳的修辞效果。 4.here、there、now、then、thus等副词开头的句子可构成完全倒装。条件是谓语动词是不及物动词，如arise、be、come、exist、go、follow等。需要注意的是，当主语是代词时，不能构成倒装。（方位词在句首，主语是名词，全部倒装） 例子： Here comes our headmaster。我们的校长来了。 Here it is. 在这里。 Here is your key.这是你的钥匙。 2.承上启下 1.为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复，常用"so+be动词（助动词、情态动词）+主语"倒装句式或"neither/nor + be动词（助动词、情态动词）+主语"的倒装句式。 其中第一个句式表示"与前面所述的肯定情况相同"，第二个句式表示"与前面所述的否定情况相同"。 例子： A:His brother is（not） a college student; B:so is mine.(neither/nor is mine .) A:他弟弟（不）是大学生，B:我弟弟也是。(我弟弟也不是。) A:He used to have his further study abroad; B:so did I.(neither/nor did I.) A:他曾去国外深造过。B:我也去过。(我也没有。) A:One of my friends can（not） speak three foreign languages; B:so can his wife.(neither/nor can his wife .) A:我的一个朋友(不)会说三门外国语。B:他的妻子也会。(他的妻子也不会。) 可以概括成：主语相同不倒装，主语不同倒装。 2.倒装可把前一句说到的人或物，或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来，从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚，衔接更加紧密，起到承上启下的作用。 例子： They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor,dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室，发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。 We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are,and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋，而且还会继续是穷光蛋。 3.平衡结构 英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则，即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子，我们常采用倒装语序。 1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时，为了使句子平衡，常将状语置于句首，句子用完全倒装语序。 例子： 1．A. To the coal mine came a company of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners. B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners. 一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿，奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。 2．A. On the ground lay some air conditioners,which are to be shipped to some other cities. B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground,which are to be shipped to some other cities. 地上放着一些空调，等着用船运到其他城市去。 例句（2）包含一个非限制性定语从句，B句未倒装，则从句的先行词与引导词which中间被状语分隔开，不易于理解，而A句倒装使得先行词air conditioner与引导词which的关系一目了然。 从例句中可看出，采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥，读起来自然流畅，而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱，读起来也别扭。因而，在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。 2. 以表语开头的句子：有时为了把较长的主语放在后面，须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。 例子： Such would be our home in the future. 我们家就将是这个样子。 3. 以副词here,there开头的句子，也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。 例子： Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在这儿。 4.使描写生动 有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象，增加语言效果，可将表示方向的副词(如：down,up,out,in,off,on,away等)或拟声词(bang,crack等)置于句首，句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。 例子： Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。 Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时，嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。 Boom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了! Bang came another shot! 砰！又是一声枪响！ 巧记倒装句 在带有倒装句的复合句（或并列句）中，到底应在何处倒装，下面的顺口溜可以帮助你较容易地掌握其结构形式。 NB(Not only…，but also…)前倒后不①，                           NU(not until) 主倒从不倒②， 2N(Neither…nor)…前倒后也倒③，                      NM(No matter…) 前后均不倒④。 ①NB代表Not only…，but also…引导的并列句。 not only位于句首时，所引导的前面的分句倒装，后面的分句不倒装。故此称为“前倒后不倒”。如： 1）Not only did he come，but also he was very happy． 2）Not only was everything that he had taken away from him ，but also his German citizenship（was taken away）． ②O代表only＋状语从句；NU代表Not until＋状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句而不倒装从句，即：“主倒从不倒”。如： 1）Only when he told me did I know it． 2）Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted． No sooner…than…，Hardly／Scarcely…when…等句型也属此类用法。如： No sooner（Hardly） had we reached home than（when）it began to rain． ③2N代表Neither…nor…所引导的并列句。2N若位于两分句之首，则前后分句均倒装。即“前倒后也倒”。 如：Neither do I know her name，nor does he. ④NM即No matter…引导的状语从句。此时前面从句及后面主句均不倒装。即“前后均不倒”。 如：No matter how busy he is，he always comes to help us． I 单选选择 1.----I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible. ----______. A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. same with me D. So do I 2.I failed in the final examination last term and only then the importance of studies. A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize 3.______can you expect to get a pay rise. A. With hard work B．Although work hard C．Only with hard work D．Now that he works hard 4. ____about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. A.So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious 5____snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring 6._____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student 7.Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else ____such a beautiful palace. A．can you find B．you could find C．you can find D．could you find 8.______, Carolina couldn't get the door open. (05广东卷) A. Try as she might B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Might she as try 9.Never before _______ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. A. has this city been B. this city has been C. was this city D. this city was 10.—David has made great progress recently. —_____,and _____. A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have you C. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have II 单句语法填空 1.Not until he went through real hardship ___________he realize the love we have for our families is important. 2.Only when Lily walked into the office_____________doubt that my father would come to my rescue. 3.Little______________she care what she looks like;all she cares about is her job performance. 4.The headmaster will not permit the change in the___________________course.will he even give it a thought. 5.This is not my story;nor____________ it the whole story. My story plays out differently. 6.No sooner ___________ he gone to bed than he fell asleep. 7.Not a word___________ I say to him. 8.Never ___________ I found him so happy ever. 9.Little ___________ he care about what I said. 10.I can't swim. Neither ___________ he. III 语法填空 There 51 ___________(be)once a small boy who would never get dressed when his parents told him 2___________,and 3___________ would he wear what they wanted him to.He preferred unusual clothes,but above all,he liked taking his time.His parents were always in a rush,and wanted him to be much quicker,but the boy didn't like this, and he would slow down.One day.4___________angry did his parents get when he refused to dress that they told him to go out without any clothes at all.Amusingly,the boy followed his parents out of the door.It was he5___________ held a firm belief that nobody could do anything to him. Outside his house 6____________(stand) the boy with nothing on,waiting for his parents' car,along with the local pig farmer.Unluckily,it was the farmer 7___________was almost deaf and had very poor eyesight.Not only 8___________he have these shortcomings,but also he forgot his glasses that day.When he saw the boy's pink skin, he thought the boy was one of his pigs.Shouting and pushing,the farmer forced him into a pig cage.The boy begged him to stop but the deaf farmer couldn't hear. How terrified the boy felt!Never 9___________he experienced anything like it. When10___________(find) by his parents.the terrified boy never again wanted to be mistaken for anything IV 综合练习 请根据以下内容要点，运用倒装句写一篇短文，介绍自己学习英语的经历。 1.我将永远不会忘记我学习英语的经历。 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.我一上高中就发现英语比以前难了很多。  _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3.直到我考试不合格，我才意识到我要努力学习英语，赶上其他同学。尽管我努力，我还是没什么进步。  _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 我刚到家就开始下雨了。 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5.人群中几乎没有一点声音。 答案： I 单选选择 1--5 BDCBB 6--10BAAAB II 单句语法填空 1.did 2.did 3. does 4.nor 5.is 6.had 7.did 8.have 9. did 10. can III 语法填空 1. was 2. to 3.neither 4.so 5.that 6.stood 7.that 8.did 9.had 10.found IV 综合练习 1. Never will I forget my experience of learning English. 2. Hardly had I entered high school when I found it much more difficult to learn English 3. Not until I failed the exam did I realize that I should study English hard and catch up with other classmates. Try as I might, I haven't made much progress. 4. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain . 5.Scarcely a sound came from among the crowd . 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$