2024年一轮复习中职英语简单句复习学案

简单句就是只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子或分句。在简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干，是句子的核心。 构成1：只含有一个主谓结构 构成2 ：句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成 构成3 ：必须是独立句子或分句 概念 简单句就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子。 简单句中句子各成分都是只由单词或短语构成的。 在简单句中主谓结构是句子的主干，是句子的核心。 简单句可归纳为五个基本句型。 表达简单句使用哪个基本句型，取决于该句子中的谓语动词。 也就是说不同类型的谓语动词，要求使用不同类型的基本句型。 基本句型 1.主语+谓语 谓语一定是动词 这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语一般都是不及物动词，例： Things change.事物是变化的。 Nobody went.没有人去。 --Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？ --NO, we flew.不，我们是飞去。 2.主语+连系动词+表语 也叫做主系表 这种句型称为主系表结构，其实连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词，但实质上表语成了谓语，例： Mr. Turner is an artist.特纳先生是位画家。 注：我们平常所说的be动词有两种含义： 1、助动词的be； 2、作为连系动词的be； 3.主语+谓语+宾语 宾语有两种 ：间接宾语和直接宾语 这种句型可称为主谓宾结构，它的谓语一般多是及物动词，例： We never beat children.我们从来不打孩子。 My sister will fix everything.我姐姐会料理一切。 4主语+谓语+宾语+宾语 这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构，其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词，两个宾语一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语，其中指物或指事的就是直接宾语 指人（或动物）的就是间接宾语。例： He gave the book to his sister.他把这本书给了他的妹妹。 I'll write you a long letter.我将写给你一封长信。 5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 所谓宾语补足语就是补充说明前面的宾语 这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构，其补语是宾语补语，与宾语一起即构成复合宾语，例： I found the book easy.我发现这本书不难。（形容词easy作补语） I'll let him go.我将让他去。（不定式go用作补语） 注意：有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语，甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语，这样的句子仍然是简单句，例： China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.中国和东亚其它国家正在迅速地发展。（China and other countries并列主语） Mr. Wang and I often work together and help each other.王先生和我常在一起工作互相帮助。 英语五种基本句型列式 基本句型一：S+V （主+谓） 基本句型二：S+V+P （主+系+表） 基本句型三：S+V+DO （主+谓+宾） 基本句型四：S+V+IO+DO（主+谓+间宾+直宾） 基本句型五：S+V+DO+OC （主+谓+宾+宾补） —————————————————————————————————————————————— 1 祈使句：祈使句（Imperative Sentence）是英语中的一个句式，也是用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子。祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。 1.肯定句的祈使句结构 (1)be+形容词/名词 例：Be quiet for a moment.请安静一会 (2)实义动词原形+其他成分 例：Make your own rules.给自己制定规划 (3)let+宾语+动词原形+其他 例：Let's run to the police station on fourth street.我们跑去第四大街上的警察局吧 (4)do+动词原形+其他, 目的是为了加强语气 例1：Do sit down.务必请坐。 例2：Do study hard.一定要努力学习。 2.否定句的祈使句结构 (1)Don't+动词原形 例1：Don't eat in the classroom.不要在教室里吃东西 例2：Don't be late for school. 上学不要迟到 (2)Let's+ not+动词原形 例：Let's not say anything about it.对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说 Let型的否定式有两种：“Don't + let +宾语+动词原形+ 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。　　如：Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 (3)用否定副词never构成，以加强否定含义 例：Never judge a person by looks.绝不能以貌取人 (4)No+名词/v-ing 例：No smoking. 不要吸烟。 3. tips (1) 用客气的语气表示祈使句时，可在句首或句尾加上please，但如果在句尾加please，那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“，”。 例：Go this way，please.请这边走。 (2) 祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号“，”隔开，放在句首或句尾。 Li Ming，come here.李明，过来。 Come here，Li Ming.过来，李明。 2 感叹句 感叹句(exclamation 或Exclamatory sentences)有多种表现形式，有时一个单词、短语或一个词组也可成为感叹句。如：Hello!(你好！),The design and the colours!(多美丽的图案和色彩啊！);有时陈述句、疑问句以及祈使句也可以转化成感叹句，如：What a nice boy!(多好的孩子！)How can you be so silly!(你怎么这么傻！)Don’t go with us!(别跟我们一起去！)。尽管感叹句的表现形式多种多样，但主要的表现形式只有两种，即what和how引导的感叹句。what修饰名词（名词前可加冠词和形容词）,how修饰形容词、副词或动词。感叹句除了可以由how和what引导外，还有许多其他形式，可以用陈述句、疑问句、祈使句，有时甚至是一个单词或是一个短语也可以是一个感叹句。通常用how，what。 关于感叹句 what 和 how 的区别： 一、 由"what"引导的感叹句："what"意为"多么"用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语（it is就是主语加谓语）. 如： ① What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！ 二、由"how"引导的感叹句："how"意为"多么"，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是： How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语 (it is就是主语加谓语). 如：① How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！ 三、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既 [1]可用"what"引导，也可用"how"引导。如： ① What a hot day it is! How hot the day is !（is 可要可不要） 四、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。 如：① What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀！ 3 反义疑问句 英语中，反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问，起证实作用，一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。 用法 1.陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用aren't I. I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I? （我和你姐姐一样高，对吗？） 2.陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。 I wish to have a word with you, may I? （我希望可以和你说话，可以吗？） 3.陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。 The Swede made no answer, did he / she? Some plants never blown (开花), do they ? 4.含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。正式文体用should/ought +主语+not形式。 He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he? 5.陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。 We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? 6.陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。 He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? 7.陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you? You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you? 8.陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 9.如果陈述部分的主语是this, that, these, those时，附加疑问句部分的主语为it或they例如：This is exciting, isn’t it? 4 强调句 强调句，是基本语法 ，是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。英语常用的强调结构是It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who (that)...。 通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用。一般说来,被强调部分指人时,用who;指事物时用that,但that也可以指人。在美国英语中指事物时常用which来代替that。 常见到的强调形式，共有以下七类： ⒈用do\does\did + V可表强调 Some people do believe that nuclear power poses a threat to the world peace. ⒉adv或adj可表强调：Never \ only\ Very This is the very question that deserves careful analysis. ⒊双重否定可表强调 Taking part-time jobs is never without drawbacks. ⒋what引导的主从可表强调 What really matters is cooperation. ⒌倒装可表强调(凡是倒装都可以表示强调) Little do people take into account the seriousness of this problem. ⒍比较状语从句可表强调 Nothing is more imperative than to learn from the past. ⒎强调句型可表强调 It is \was +被强调部份+ that \ who +原句剩余部份 It is stability that destroys people’s ambition and barricades people’s steps. I 专项练习 1.Since you have repaired my TV set,________is no need for me to buy a new one. A.it B.there C.this D.that 2.I don't suppose anyone will volunteer,________? A.do I B.don't I C.will they D.won't they 3.The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him,________? A.did they B.didn't they C.did it D.didn't it 4________role she played in the film!No wonder she has won an Oscar. A.How interesting B.How an interesting C.What interesting D.What an interesting 5.________weather we have today！ A.How fine B.What a fine C.How a fine D.What fine 6.If you want help money or anything,let me know, __________ you A.don't B.will C.shall D.do 7.Don't be discouraged. ________things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life. A.Taking B.To take C.Take D.Taken 8.Mrs.Black doesn't believe her son is able to design a digital camera________? A.is he B.isn't he C.doesn't she D.does she 9.--Alice,you feed the bird today,________? ---But I fed it yesterday. A.do you B.will you C.didn't you D.don't you 10.________bright girls they are！ A.What B.What a C.How D.How a 11Brian told you that there wasn't anyone in the room at that time,________? A.was there B.wasn't there C.didn't he D.did he 12________good news it is! A.What B.What a C.How D.How a 13________lovely the snow looks! A.What B.How C.How a D.what a 14________she dances! A.How good B.What good C.How well D.What well 15.________good time we are having! A.What a B.What C.How D.How a 16.It was what he meant rather than what he said________annoyed me. A.which B.as C.what D.that 17.It was in the small house________was built with stones by his father________ he spent his childhood. A.which;that B.that;which C.which;which D.that;where 18.It was lack of money,not of effort,________defeated their plan. A.which B.as C.that D.what 19.It was not until he came back________he knew the police were looking for him. A.which B.since C.that D.before 20.---what was the party like?---Wonderful. It’s years _____ I enjoyed myself much. A. after B. before C .that D. since II 语法填空 We high school students do have some growing pains, but we can get rid of them__1__ (correct) and wisely. __2__, some of us are upset __3__ our body styles and looks. It’s unnecessary and it’s not important at all. We needn’t care about it. It is one’s inner beauty _4__ matters. Second, we sometimes seem to be misunderstood by our teachers, parents and classmates. _5__ (face) with this, we can find a proper time to have a heart-to-heart talk with them, trying _6_ (remove) the misunderstanding. Some of us have fewer friends. I think being open-minded and friendly will do you good. Third, we may fall behind others, 7_____ makes us stressed. Actually we can encourage __8__ to work efficiently, full of __9__ (determine). At last, some of us don’t have much pocket money, so they feel unhappy. Isn’t it strange? So long as we have some, that’s enough. And we can learn__10_ to spend money. 1. 2 3 4． 5. 6 7 8 9 10 答案 I 1- -5. BCDDD 6--10 BCDDA 11--15 DABCA 16--20 DACCD II 语法填空 1．correctly 2．First 3．about 4．that 5．faced 6．to remove 7．which 8．ourselves 9．determination 10．how 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$