Unit 1 Cultural Heritage Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

Unit 1 Cultural Heritage Discovering Useful Structures PPT模板 http://www.1ppt.com/moban/ Part 01 Warm up 模板来自于：第一PPT https:/// 2 Look at the sentences below and underline the relative pronouns and adverbs. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the problem, the government turned to the United Nations for help. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and putback together again in a place where they were safe from the water. （refers to people） （refers to a place） Part 01 Presentation 模板来自于：第一PPT https:/// 4 定语从句 在复合句中，作定语修饰名词或代词的从句。 The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted. 先行词 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。 关系词 连接主句和从句 指代先行词 在从句中充当句子成分 （作用） 关系代词 关系副词 who whom whose that which as when where why that 关系代词 用法： 关系代词除了指代主句中的先行词外，同时还在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。作宾语时可以省略;但关系代词作介词宾语，而且介词提到它的前面时,关系代词不能省略。 关系代词 修饰的先行词 在从句中所作的成分 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人或物 定语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 which 物或事 主语、宾语、定语、表语 as 人、物或事 主语、宾语、表语 限制性定语从句 紧跟在修饰对象（即先行词）之后的定语从句, 先行词和限制性定语从句之间紧密相连，前后相接。 非限制性定语从句 先行词与定语从句没有紧密相连，而是被逗号或其它语句部分隔开。 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 （1）作用不同 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,不可去掉,否则主句意思不完整。非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明,可去掉,去掉后主句意思仍完整。 This is the best film (that) I have ever seen for years. 这是几年来我看过的最好的一部电影。 She lost the match, which depressed her greatly. 她输了比赛,这使她很沮丧。 去掉后影响对电影的限定范围 去掉后不影响她输掉比赛这个事实 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 （2）形式不同 限制性定语从句与主句不用逗号隔开,非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开。 （3）先行词不同 大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由 which引导。 The two policemen were completely trusted, which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任,事实上也确实如此。 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 （4）关系词的使用情况不同 1. that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句。 2.关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替但whom在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。 3.关系代词的省略情况不同:关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省略。 The two policemen were completely trusted, which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任,事实上也确实如此。 which的用法 在定语从句中作主语、宾语,偶尔作定语或表语。 The river which runs through the centre of the city brings us lots of pleasure. 穿过市中心的那条河给我们带来了很多欢乐。 (which 在从句中作主语) Do you remember the holiday (which) we spent together? 你记得我们一起度过的那个假期吗? (which 在从句中作宾语) He changed his mind again, which made us all angry. 他又改变了主意，这使得我们大家都很生气。 (which指代整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语) She was not sick, which some of the other passengers were. 她没有生病,但有些其他旅客却病了。 (which指代形容词sick，在从句中作表语) 用来指事物 that的用法 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时可以省略;作介词的宾语时介词不能提到 that 之前。 Jane is no longer the person (that/who/whom) I worked with several years ago. 珍妮不再是几年前我共事的那个人了 既可指人也可指物 This is the supermarket that/which sells a variety of goods. 这就是那个卖各种各样的商品的超市。 The message (that/which) you are looking for is in today's China Daily. 你找的信息就在今天的《中国日报》上。 (that/who/whom在从句中作宾语) (that/which在从句中作主语) (that/which在从句中作宾语) 省略 that不用which的情况 (1)当先行词是all, little, few, much, everything, nothing, none 等不定代词时。 All that I need is only your advice. 我所需要的只是你的建议。 There is not much that ought to be done right now. 没有多少应该立即做的事情。 In China, parents always do everything that they can to support their children. 在中国,父母总是尽他们所能来支持他们的孩子。 (2)当先行词被 all, every, no, little, few, much, the only, the very, the right, the last等修饰时。 These messages are the very ones that I have been looking for. 这些就是我一直在寻找的信息。 that不用which的情况 (3) 当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 When it comes to Jinan, the first that comes to mind is the spring water. 谈到济南时,首先想到的就是泉水。 That is the best film that has ever been shown so far in the city. 那是这座城市到目前为止放过的最好的一部电影。 (3)当主是以which 开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which is one of the things that make people happy? 哪一件是让人快乐的事? 用 which 不用 that 的情况 (1)关系代词前有介词时。 I'm looking for a box in which I can put all these eggs. 我在寻找一个能放下所有这些鸡蛋的箱子。 (2)在非限制性定语从句中。 Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. 足球是很有趣的运动项目，全世界的人都在踢。 (3)先行词本身就是that时。 What's that which excites you so much? 是什么事情让你如此兴奋? as的用法 (1) as引导限制性定语从句,先行词前有 as, so, such 或the same修饰。 Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected. 那些对世界做出巨大贡献的人应受到极大的尊重。 You may take as many chairs as you need. 你需要多少椅子就拿走多少椅子。 He made the same mistake as you made in the last exam. 在上次考试中,他犯了跟你相同的一个错误。 (as 在从句中作主语) (as 作 need 的宾语) (as作made的宾语) as的用法 (2) as引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是整个主句。 As everybody knows, Shakespeare was a great English writer. 众所周知，莎士比亚是一位伟大的英国作家。 Tom is a brave boy, as is described in the report. 汤姆是一个勇敢的男孩,这正如在报告中描述的那样。 The project, as we had expected, got along well. 正如我们所预料的那样，工程进展顺利。 (从句在主句之前, as在从句中作宾语) (从句在主句中间，as在从句中作宾语) (从句在主句之后，as在从句中作主语) 注意事项 The watch (that/which) you gave me keeps perfect time. 你给我的那块表走得很准。 (1) 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。 Alice is not the person (that) she was ten years ago. 艾丽斯不是10年前的那个人了。 (2) 关系代词在从句中作表语时可省略。 Education should be the most important thing (that) parents are greatly concerned about. 教育应是父母们非常关心的最重要的事情。 (3) 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而介词在从句句尾时可省略。 宾语 表语 about的宾语 that的用法 that作关系副词时可以修饰表示_________________________ ______________________的先行词，相当于_________________ ___________，而且一般可以省略。 表示时间时，that相当于when 或"介词+which"可省略。 I still remember the time (that/when/in which) I helped my father on the farm. 我仍然记得在农场里帮助我爸爸的岁月 时间(time)、地点(place)、 原因(reason)、方式(way) when, where, why, in which that的用法 表示地点时that相当于where或“介词+which”可省略。 I have never been to the place (that/where/in which) the Indians live.我从未去过那些印第安人居住的地方。 表示原因时，that相当于why或for which,可省略。 The reason (that/why/for which) he lost his life was lack of medical care. 他死的原因是缺乏医疗护理。 表示方式时,that 相当于in which,可省略。 Can you work out a way (that/in which) we can solve this problem? 你能找出一种我们能够解决这个问题的方法吗? “介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句 when, where, why I'll never forget the day on which (= when) my son was born. 我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。 “介词 +which”可以替代关系副词 when, where, why I'd like you to explain the reason for which (=why) you refused my offer. 我想让你解释一下你拒绝我帮助的原因。(for 依据 for the reason 确定) 关系副词_______________引导定语从句时,关系副词可用“______________”代替。在“介词 +关系代词”引导的定语从句中,关系代词只能用_____________,不可用that或who。 介词 +关系代词 which或whom 替代when 替代where This is the farm on which (=where) I used to work. 这就是我过去工作过的农场。 (on 依据 on the farm 确定) 替代why “介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句 依据与先行词的固定搭配确定使用什么介词 I'll never forget the time during which I was with my friends in the country. 我永远不会忘记和朋友们一起在乡村度过的时光。 依据定语从句中动词或形容词的搭配来确定介词 She bought several books, on which she spent all her money. 她买了几本书,这些书花光了她所有的钱。 根据定语从句所表达的具体意思来确定介词 Can you see the river across which there is a bridge? 你能看见上面有座桥的那条河吗? (during依据during the time确定) (on依据spend...on确定) “介词 + 关系代词”的其他表达法 如果在whom和which 之前用of 表示所属关系(即of whom, of which表示所属关系)，这时名词需要特指，应加定冠词该名词放在of whom, of which之前或之后均可。 I'd like a room the window of which looks out over the sea. I'd like a room of which the window looks out over the sea. 因为whose也表示所属关系,所以可以转换为: I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. “介词 + 关系代词”的其他表达法 在whom和which之前用of,还可以表示部分与整体的关系。这时，表示“部分”的数词或代词，放在 of whom, of which 之前或之后均可。 She has three daughters, one of whom is a doctor. She has three daughters, all of whom are beautiful. 还可以说: She has three daughters, the oldest of whom is called Mary. She has three daughters, of whom one is a doctor. She has three daughters, of whom all are beautiful. 定语从句中的主谓一致 当关系代词在从句中做主语时，从句中谓语动词的数原则上要与先行词保持一致 This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked. 这是被问过的最有意思的问题之一。 1.先行词是“one of+复数名词”结构时，关系代词引导的定语从句中的谓语动词一般用复数形式。 2.如有the very，the only，the first，the last，the right 等修饰one时，谓语动词用单数。 Part 03 Practice 模板来自于：第一PPT https:/// 26 Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses. 1. He showed me a photo in his room. It was a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt. The photo which he showed to me in his room was a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt. 2. The project team helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania. It was formed by members from fifteen countries The project team which helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania was formed by members from fifteen countries. 3. This temple was first built during the Qin Dynasty. The time when this temple was first built was during the Qin Dynasty. Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses. 4. We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid. He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure. The professional archaeologist who/whom we met at theentrance to the Great Pyramid explained to us the process ofbuilding such a difficult structure 5. The documents about the cultural relics from overseas are under the desk. I found them yesterday. The place where I found the documents about the cultural relics from overseas yesterday is under the desk. 6. Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation. The reason why scientists worked together day and night torescue the temple was that they wanted to preserve it for thenext generation. 1. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _________ are built close to each other. 2. Do you still remember the chicken farm __________ we visited three months ago? 3. Finally he reached a lonely island __________ was completely cut off from the outside world. 4. I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _______ my classmates recommended to me. 5. Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, __________ is quite unexpected. that/which that/which that/which which which 用适当的关系词填空 6. We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago _______ parents tended to be more strict. 7. The loss of big trees was greatest in areas ________ trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. 8. Sales director is a position _______ communication ability is just as important as sales. 9. We were asked to clean the floor when we left the house __________ we had been renting. 10. This is the pen with ________ he signed the historic document. when where which/that which where $$