2025届高三上学期英语一轮复习非谓语动词考点清单

2024年山东省夏季高考 高中英语非谓语动词 考点清单 基本概念:一个简单句中,有且只有一个谓语动词。谓语动词需体现时态。当一个句子或从句中已有谓语动词时,其他动词则需使用非谓语动词的形式。 非谓语动词三种基本形式为:doing, done, to do 1. 非谓语动词作主语 (1)不定式和动名词都可做主语,但动名词多指抽象的、概念性的动作,可以是多次的、经常性的行为;不定式作主语多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。 Smoking is harmful to our health. (抽象) To smoke so much is harmful to our health. (具体) It is harmful to our health to smoke so much. 在以下句型中,常用to do作主语: It be + adj. (for sb. /of sb.) to do sth It be + 名词 + to do sth It takes sb. + some time to do sth. 在以下句型中,常用doing作主语: It be + no use/good/ a waste of time/ worth + doing sth 若主语和表语都是非谓,应保持形式上的一致。 e.g. To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. 2. 非谓语动词作表语 (1)不定式、动名词都可做表语,但动名词多指抽象的、概念性的动作,可以是多次的、经常性的行为;不定式作表语多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。 e.g. My task today is to recite 50 new words. My favorite subject is learning English. (2) 分词作表语,现在分词意为:令人.....的;过去分词意为:感动.....的,也可表某种状态。 e.g. The film is very fascinating. (令人着迷的) I was very surprised at his performance. (感到惊讶的) As we joined the big crowd I got separated from my friends. (隔离分离的状态) (3)不定式作表语,表目的 My aim is to become a scientist when I graduated. (4)remain的用法 remain + doing/done 意为:仍然是… remain + to be done 意为:仍需去做 e.g. She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down. (仍然站那儿) The true author of the book remains unknown. (仍然未知) A lot of homework remains to be done. (仍要去做) 3. 非谓语动词作宾语 非谓语动词作宾语,分为动宾和介宾。动宾根据动词的习惯搭配,可以接doing或to do, 介宾只能接doing。 通常接to do的动词有:decide, determine, admit, refuse, delay, avoid, promise, deny, plan, appreciate, manage, forbid, finish, allow, help, pretend, agree, permit, ask, advise, choose, risk, enjoy, escape, happen, pardon, mind 通常接doing的动词有:admit, delay, avoid, deny, appreciate, forbid, finish, allow, permit, advise, risk, enjoy, escape, pardon, mind to do和doing均可接,意义可同可不同: 1) forget/ remember/regret to do/ doing 忘记/记得/ 抱歉+去做/做过某事 2) stop/go on to do/doing sth 停下/继续 做另一件事/同一件事 3) try to do/doing sth 尽力/尝试做某事 4) mean to do/doing sth 打算/意味着做某事 5) can't help (to) do/doing sth 不能帮助/情不自禁做某事 主动表被动:need/want/require/deserve doing sth 某事需要/值得被做 e.g. She happened to shop in the small town of Anderson when I called her. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without being recognized. I'll never forget meeting my school headmaster for the first time. 4. 非谓语动词作定语 (1)基本框架 (2)解题步骤 首先考虑排除to do, 即是否表将来,是否谓语抽象名词之后,或是否含有序数词、形容词最高级和the only, the last等。 排除to do后,判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语(其所修饰的名词或代词)之间的主被动关系。(主动用doing,被动用done) e.g. The dish tasting delicious sells well. (taste与逻辑主语dish之间主动关系) The computer center, opened last year, is very popular among the students. (open与逻辑主语the computer center之间是被动关系) There’re still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the moon. (动词solve和problem之间是被动关系,但是问题是将来解决,所以还要用to do) (3) 非谓作定语时,doing有正在发生的含义,done表动作已完成,to do表将来 e.g. The bridge being built now disturbs us a lot. (doing表动作正在发生) The bridge built last week now benefits us a lot. (done表动作已完成) The bridge to be built next month will cost us a lot of money. (to do表将来) 5. 非谓语动词作状语 (1)基本框架 (2)解题步骤 首先排除to do,即判定是否表目的、意外结果或原因。 排除to do后,牢记特殊动词,如concerning, judging from/by, faced with, devoted to等固定用法。 排除to do和特殊情况后,判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语(主句主语)之间的主被动关系。(主动用doing,被动用done) 注意:如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,需用having done (被动形式having been done) e.g. To catch the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. (to catch为了搭早班飞机,表目的,用to do) Seeing her so happy, I quickly took out my Chinese exam paper. (动词see和逻辑主语I之间主动,用doing) Compared with other jobs, teaching is harder and the pay is lower. (特殊情况) (3)to do 在状语中的使用 ①表意料之外的结果 e.g. He rushed to the office, only to find that it was Sunday. (意料之外) 注意:如果是自然而然的结果,用doing e.g. The hospital adopted advanced equipment, promoting their service. (自然而然) ②表目的 e.g. To earn a high score in English, she recited words day and night. To be admitted into a good university, John worked hard. ③与表示情绪类的词汇连用,表原因 e.g. He is surprised to find that he failed to pass the exam. (4) 当从句的动作发生在主句动作之前,要用having done(被动形式having been done)。 e.g. Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. (从句work发生在主句manage to finish his report这个动作之前,与逻辑主语Steve之间主动关系) (5) 独立主格结构 状语有自身的主语时,主被动参考与自身主语之间的关系 e.g. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. (permit有自己的主语weather,与weather之间是主动关系) (6)状语从句的省略 当状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时,状语从句的主语可省略。省略主语时,谓语动词需要变更为非谓语动词的形式。 e.g. When I was waking up, I found myself surrounded by a group of strangers. (从句与主句主语相同) -> When waking up, I found myself surrounded by a group of strangers. (省略主语后,wake需变更为非谓waking的形式) If it is left untreated in time, the disease will result in great deaths. (从句与主句主语相同) -> If left untreated in time, the disease will result in great deaths. (省略主语后,leave需变更为非谓left的形式) 6. 非谓语动词作宾补 (1)结构vt. + sb. + to do 常见的这类动词或动词短语有:advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, permit, forbid, force, persuade, wait for, call on, depend on等 e.g. She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them. (2) 五看三使两听一感半帮助类词汇中,用省略to的不定式表主动 五看:watch, see, look, observe, notice… 三使:have, make, let 两听:hear, listen 一感:feel 半帮助:help (3)使役动词 make/have/let 使役动词,宾补动词与逻辑主语宾语之间主动时用do, 强调状态的持续时用doing,被动时用done。句子为被动语态时,to要还原。 e.g.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken. (宾补take与宾语photograph之间是被动关系) He had the fire burning all the night. (宾补burn与宾语fire之间是主动关系。此处强调火烧了一整夜) He made his workers work 12 hours a day. (宾补work与宾语workers之间是主动关系) His workers are made to work 12 hours a day. (当句子使用被动语态时,work前的to还原) get/leave使役动词,宾补动词与逻辑主语宾语之间主动时用to do, 强调状态的持续时用doing,被动时用done。 e.g. I won’t get him to stay at home alone. (宾补stay与宾语him之间是主动关系) I won’t get him staying at home all night alone. (强调一整夜都独自呆在家中,用doing) (4) 感官类动词 当宾补动词与逻辑主语宾语之间为主动关系时,用do表示全过程, doing表状态正在发生。被动用done。句子为被动语态时,to要还原。 e.g. He watched a spider making a web. (宾补make和宾语spider之间主动关系。making表动作正在发生。看到一个蜘蛛正在织网。) He watched a spider make a web. (宾补make和宾语spider之间主动关系。make表动作的全过程。看到一个蜘蛛织完了一整张网。) A spider was watched to make/ making a web. (被动语态时,省略的to要还原) (5)状态类动词keep, find,catch 状态类动词的宾补与逻辑主语宾语之间是主动关系时,用doing;当宾补与宾语之间是被动关系时,用done。 e.g. The robot is powered by a battery on its back, which can keep it operating for an hour. (宾补operate与宾语it之间是主动关系,用operating) (6)with的复合结构 with的复合结构中,宾补动词与逻辑主语宾语之间是主动关系时用doing,被动时用done,表将来时用to do,且不分主被动。 e.g. With a lot of homework finished, he went out to play basketball. (宾补finish与宾语homework之间是被动关系,用done) With a lot of homework to finish, he had to stay at home. (宾补finish与宾语homework之间是被动关系,但此处表示还要去做作业,要用to do,且不用其被动形式to be done.) With the boy leading me, I found myself at the hall immediately. (宾补lead与宾语the boy之间是主动关系,用doing.) (7)非谓语动词的关键概念 ①非谓语的定义:一个句子仅一个谓语动词,其他动词必须使用非谓语。 ②找准逻辑主语,非谓语动词作定语时,逻辑主语是所修饰的名词或代词;作状语时,逻辑主语是主句主语;作宾补时,逻辑主语是宾语。 ③非谓语的成分分三类 :1. 从位置看主语和表语; 2. 从记忆看宾语和补语 3. 从翻译看状语与定语. 并熟记相关成分在不同语法题与时间上的对应答案。 2024年山东省夏季高考 高中英语非谓语动词 一轮复习考点清单 第 2 页 共 2 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$