被动语态复习 2023-2024学年牛津译林版八年级英语下册

1.被动语态在各种时态下的构成 时态 结构 一般现在时 am/is/are +过去分词 一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 一般将来时 will/shall/be going to be+过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are +being + 过去分词 过去进行时 was/were +being + 过去分词 现在完成时 have/has been+过去分词 过去完成时 had been+过去分词 过去将来时 would/should/be going to be+过去分词 情态动词 情态动词+be+过去分词（其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变） 2.及物动词后跟双宾语的句子，被动语态有两种。 常见的有： 主动语态 被动语态 bring sb. sth. 把某物带给某人 sb be brought sth / sth be brought to sb lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 sb be lent sth/ sth be lent to sb offer sb. sth. 将某物给某人 sb be offered sth/ sth be offered to sb pass sb. sth. 把某物递给某人 sb be passed sth/ sth be passed to sb pay sb. sth. 付给某人某物（钱） sb be paid sth/ sth be paid to sb send sb. sth.把某物送给某人 sb be sent sth/ sth be sent to sb sell sb. sth.把某物卖给某人 sb be sold sth/ sth be sold to sb show sb. sth. 拿某物给某人看 sb be shown sth/ sth be shown to sb teach sb. sth. 教某人某物 sb be taught sth/ sth be taught to sb tell sb. sth.告诉某人某情况 sb be told sth/ sth be told to sb buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 sb be bought sth/ sth be bought for sb make sb. sth.为某人制作某物 sb be made sth/ sth be made for sb Provide sb with sth为某人提供某物 Sb be provided with sth/ sth be provided for sb 例句：政府提供给贫困地区的孩子书本 1.The government provides books for children in poor areas. →Books are provided for children in poor areas(by government). 2.The government provides children in poor areas with books. →Children in poor areas are provided with books(by government). 3.The government offers children in poor areas books. →Children in poor areas are offered book (by government). 4.The government offers books to children in poor areas. →Books are provided to children in poor areas (by government). 3.感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice及使役动词let, make, have等，动词后省略to不定式，变为被动语态时，应加上不定式符合to. 一感 Feel 二听 Hear Listen to 三让 let make have 四看 see notice watch Look at 例：I always see the boys play in the park. (变成被动语态) The boys are always seen to play by me in the park. 例1：He was made ___ a lot of work. A. do B. to do C. did D. doing 例2：He was seen something from the shop . A. steal B. to steal C. to be stolen D. stealed 例3：A man was seen _________(enter) the room when I passed the room. 4：无被动现象&主动形式表被动 ①不及物动词不用于被动语态，如appear, rise, come out, happen, occur, lie, take place等不及物动词不能用于被动语态。 例句：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. V.S. The people raise their hands. The price of the houses rises a lot. V.S. people raise the price of houses. 例1：Great changes______________place. Many new schools ______________. A. have taken, have been opened　　　 B. take, are open C. are taken, open　　　　　　 　　　D. have been taken, are opened 例2：A strange thing _____ in our school yesterday. A. was happened　　　 B. has been happened　　　 C. happened　　 D. was going to happen ②某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义。 常见系动词： 1. be动词 2.感官类系动词 smell/look/sound/feel/taste 3.变化类系动词go/become/turn/get /grow 4.保持类系动词keep/stay/remain 5. seem/prove/turn out 例：Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她的卧室看起来非常干净和整洁。 例--- Do you like the material?  --- Yes, it ___ very soft.  A . is feeling　B . felt　C . feels　D . is felt  ③某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。 例：The conversation is hard to understand.对这话很难理解。 The fish is not easy to fish.鱼不容易钓。 The passage is difficult to read.这段文章很难读懂。 例：It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese． A. write B. to write　 C. to be written D. written ④动名词的主动形式表示被动语态。如：need, require，want等，并且可相互转化，如need doing = need to be done。 另外worth也可以表示被动意义，be worth doing 例：The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。 The children need looking after.孩子们需要照看。 例：The composition doesn’t____any more. A. need to be correcting 　　 B. need to be corrected C. need be corrected 　 　 D. need be correcting 例：--- What do you think of the book?  ---Oh, excellent. It's worth ___ a second time.  A . to read　 B . to be read　 C . reading　 D . being read  例：The tourist attraction is worth_________.（双解） A. Visiting B. a visit C.visited D.being visited ⑤write, sell, wash和read和副词连用，主动语态表被动意义。 例：The pen writes smoothly. 这笔写起来很顺手。 The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。 例：The kind of cloth ________ well. A. wash B.is washed C.washes D.is washing ✭常见动词及动词词组被动对比 无被动 有被动 Break out爆发 break down 故障 break into闯入 Come true 梦想成真 Realize/achieve实现 Come out 出版 publish出版 Run out 用尽 use up用完/run out of Take place 发生，举行 hold举行 Sell well卖得好 Sell out卖光 Rise 上升（价格、太阳、温度） Raise 筹集、饲养、上升（国旗、货物） 5：一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 　　 例：We can't laugh at him. →He can't be laughed at by us. 例：单选题 1. I think much attention ____your pronunciation. A. must be paid to 　　B. ought to paid to C. must pay to 　　D. should be paid 2. Our teacher ______ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 6：常见句型 It is said that ...据说 It is reported that据报道 It is well known that众所周知 It is hoped that 有望 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$