Unit 1 Period 2 Learning about language （同步课件）-2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019选择性必修第二册）

Build up your vocabulary Period 2 Learning about Language 高中英语 / 人教版2019/ 选择性必修第二册 To practice the vocabulary learnt in this unit. To learn how to use predicative clauses. To make sentences using predicative clauses. Find the words from the previous pages with the following prefixes or suffixes. Then add two more words for each prefix or suffix, and explain their meanings. Prefix Words Prefix Words re-   micro-   dis-   trans-   remove more words: retell, reassure microscope more words: microelement, microbiology discover more words: distract, disagree transform more words: transact, transcript 前缀 释 义 单词 re- review, reappear, rearrange return, retreat, reflect, dis- discourage, disorder, dishonest  micro- microcomputer, microchip, microorganism trans- transport, transfer, transmit transnational, transcontinental, transatlantic again back not small change across, over, beyond The meanings of the prefixes above. Suffix Words Suffix Words -ory   -ial   -ion   -ology   contradictory more words: revisory, directory infection more words: information, solution substantial more words: social, adverbial epidemiology more words: geology, ecology 后缀 释义 单词 -ory sensory, auditory, category -ion collection, conclusion, explanation -ial beneficial, martial, ceremonial -ology sociology, psychology, technology of or relating to action or process having the characteristics of a branch of knowledge The meanings of the above suffixes. Combine the verbs and the prepositions in the circle to make as many verbial phrases as possible. die of suspect ... of ... blame for link…to… subscribe to Words and phrases focus on smile at excuse... for defend...from appeal to succeed in ... ... consist of depend on take on participate in agree to apply to / for suffer from search for protect ... from... Make phrases by combining the words in the left box with those on the right. Then complete the sentences using these phrases. 1. Many scientists ____________ the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming. 2. He was to __________ the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road. 3. The man ____________ being behind the robbery was seen crossing the street. 4. Since heart disease is often _________ our lifestyle choices, we need to make healthy living an important part of our lives. subscribe suspect blame link subscribe to blame for to of for suspected of linked to Possible phrases: subscribe to, suspect of, blame for, link to More examples: Fill in the blanks with phrases: subscribe to, suspect of, blame for, link to. 1. If you _________ him ______ participation in the robbery, please report to the poilce immediately. 2. And then ________ those pages using the method described above. 3. If you ___________ this newspaper, you’ll get an extra magazine. 4. There is a sense in which we are all ____________ the tragedy. suspect of link to subscribe to to blame for 1. It is not unusual for an athlete to be well known while he is active, and quickly forgotten when his athletic career is over. 2. I’m sure she’ll deal with the changes very well because she’s very adaptable. 3. He was ready to serve dinner to his friends when he realised that he had forgotten to turn on the oven and the meat was not cooked yet. 4. He used his great influence to change the thinking of the scientific community on this issue. 5. Scientists have collected more data than expected to prove the theory. Replace the underlined parts with suitable words from the box. a household name (家喻户晓的) handle raw, a household name, substantial, statistics, handle raw (未成熟的) substantial (重大的) statistics (数据) UK scientists believe they may have found a way to fight the common cold. It blocks a key protein in the body’s cells that is to _______ for the spread of cold-causing virus. Targeting the host rather than the _________ was a bit non-traditional but made sense because it was tricky to target the virus. Cold-causing virus are not only of _________ kinds, they also ___________ rapidly, meaning they can quickly develop resistance to medicine. Researchers are working on making a form of medicine that can be taken directly into one’s lungs, to _________ the chance of side effects. Though these scientists have made __________ advances in their research, further ______ is needed to make sure such drugs are not so _______ that they harm the body. Read this passage about medical science. Complete it using the words below. blame infection, multiple, decrease, severe, transform, proof, blame, substantial infection multiple transform decrease substantial proof severe Consolidation Encourage the students to use a mindmap to clarify words and expressions learned in the unit. Science Scientists theory proof evidence investigate truth stasistic data finding ... outstanding gifted brilliant patriotic well-respected leading knowlegeable a household name have a great effect on ... Discover useful structures Discovery The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. predicative clause ____________________________________ _________________________________________ One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Underline all the examples in the reading passage where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions. 在句中用作表语的从句叫做表语从句，它一般位于主句的系动词之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。表语从句必须用陈述语序。 e.g. The problem is who broke the valuable vase in the museum. My suggestion is that we (should) have a timely discussion tomorrow morning. Predicative Clauses ( 表语从句) 连系动词 状态类: be动词, seem, appear, keep, remain, stay, lie, stand… 感官类: look, smell, taste, sound, feel … 变化类: become, get, turn, grow, fall, come, go, run … Further examples: 1. He will have to remain in hospital for at least 10 days. 2. In the past, the UN has stayed out of the internal affairs of countries unless invited in. 3. To everyone who knew them, they seemed an ideal couple. 4. There appears to be increasing support for the leadership to take a more aggressive stance. 5. The Archbishop of Canterbury has sounded a warning to Europe’s leaders on third world debt. 6. Our host ran a long extension cord out from the house and set up a screen and a projector. 表语从句的引导词 连接词 连词：在从句中不作成分 连接代词：在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语 连接副词：在从句中作状语 that, whether, as if, as though, because … what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever … when, where, how, why … e.g. The trouble is that we are short of money at present. The question is whether the government should pay for some of the drugs that patients want. It sounds as if / though you are from the south of the United States. This is because this plant is what that trip was all about. That’s why I must trust you to keep this secret. He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. The question is how we can find the suitable man for the job. 表语从句要点归纳 1. 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。 e.g. One advantage of weightlifting is that it can help build our body. 2. that引导表语从句时, 在句中只起连接作用, 不充当句子成分, 无实际意义, 一般不能省略。 e.g. The situation at present is that I have lost his former address. that 引导表语从句时____任何意义，在从句中 ______ 成分,只能起______ 作用，一般情况下_______ 省略。 无 不充当 连接 不能 3. whether引导表语从句时，起连接作用，意为“是否，究竟，到底”，在从句中不作任何成分，也不能省略。而if则不能引导表语从句。 e.g. The question is whether it’s worth trying. 连接词whether起 _____ 作用，意为“_________________”，在句中也不作任何成分。 连接 是否、究竟、到底 4. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，本身有一定的词义。 e.g. Fame and personal gain is what they’re after. The problem is who to pay and when we can start. 连接代词 what,which,who,whom,whose 除在句子中起 ______ 作用外，还可在从句中作 _____、_____、_____或 ______，且各有词义。 连接 主语 表语 定语 宾语 19 5. 连接副词where, when, why, how等除在句中起连接作用，在从句中还充当状语，表示地点、时间、原因、方式等，本身具有一定的词义。 e.g. My doubt is when they will come and go to see the old principal with us. What I don’t understand is how he could do such a silly thing. 连接副词where,when,why,how除在句中起______作用外，在从句中还充当______、_____、______或______状语，本身具有词义。 连接 时间 地点 方式 原因 6. That is because ... 指原因或理由； That is why ... 则指由于某种原因所造成的后果。 e.g. Henry didn’t watch the football game last night. That was because he had to help his little daughter with her homework. Barbera had seen the film online before. That was why she wasn’t willing to come and see it yesterday. 当主句的主语是 __________ 或 why 引导的 _________时常用 _____ 来引导表语从句，而不用 because。 the reason 主语从句 that 7. 需使用虚拟语气的表语从句 在advice, suggestion, desire, requirement, order, proposal等表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词需用“should +动词原形”，should可省略。 e.g. My suggestion is that the sports (should) be put off till tomorrow. 1. The reason why he is late for school is _____ he missed the first early bus. 2. Why we decided to delay the football match is _____ the weather was too bad. that that that/this/it + is/was +why + ______ (原因 / 结果), 表示“__________________” that / this / it + is / was + because + ______ (原因 / 结果), 表示“_________________” the reason why … is that … 中 why 是引导 _________，that 引导的是 _________，表示“___________________”。 原因 这/那就是…的原因 结果 这/那就是因为… 定语从句 表语从句 ……的原因是…… 当主句的主语是表示建议(suggestion, advice)、命令(order)、要求(request, proposal)、计划(plan)等的名词时，表语从句要用虚拟语气，即(should) + 动词原形。 Answer the following questions using the information from the reading passage as well as the predicative clauses. What was it that John Snow showed to the world? →What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome. 1. What was Snow’s discovery in two particular streets in London? Snow’s discovery in two particular streets in London was that ________________________________________________________________________. the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days 22 2. What was Snow determined to find out during the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London? What Snow was determined to find out was why ______________________ ___________________________________. 3. What were the exact places Snow marked on the map? The exact places Snow marked on the map were where __________________ _________. 4. What was the finding that Snow announced? Snow’s finding was that __________________________________. the cholera outbreak had caused over 500 deaths within ten days all those who died had lived the pump water carried cholera germs 23 David is talking to Maria about their scientific research project. First complete David’s lines (A-E), using the words in the box. Then put David’s lines in the correct order and practise the conversation. as if, that, what, who, when, how, why, whose, which, whether A. Absolutely. You may not believe it, but that was ______ happened at the initial stage of our group’s research on developing a vaccine for malaria. B. Yes, it is. And it seemed _____ all the theories were useful, but the fact was _____ we couldn’t persuade one another that one theory was better than another. C. Exactly. The problem was not about ________ all our theories were equally good, but in deciding _______ theory to depend upon. D. We realised that what we cared about was not _______ aspect we needed to develop a theory in, but rather ______ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect! E. You’re right. At last, we became focused on the key issue, which was ______ we had to carry out the research in the first place. what as if that whether whose which how why 24 Maria: This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science. David: Maria: With your theoretical framework? David: Maria: Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance. David: Maria: This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work. David: Maria: So what happened in the end? David: A. Absolutely. You may not believe it, but that was what happened at the initial stage of our group’s research on developing a vaccine for malaria. C. Exactly. The problem was not about whether all our theories were equally good, but in deciding whose theory to depend upon. B. Yes, it is. And it seemed as if all the theories were useful, but the fact was that we couldn’t persuade one another that one theory was better than another. E. You’re right. At last, we became focused on the key issue, which was why we had to carry out the research in the first place. D. We realised that what we cared about was not which aspect we needed to develop a theory in, but rather how we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect! 25 Complete the following ideas by famous scientists with a word or expression that introduces a predicative clause and translate them in your own words. as though because that what whoever why 1. That fact is _______ more than seventy percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water. 2. The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon. It seems ____________ she had been to the moon many times. 3. The problem is __________ we can get to replace her. that as though / if whoever as though because that what whoever why 4. She always plays computer games online. That is ______ she failed to pass the exam. 5. Which road we should take is ______ I want to know . 6. I was punished by the teacher yeterday. It’s ________ I passed a slip of paper for John to Helen in class. why what because Tom: Hi, Jane. I want to become a scientist. My question is _____ scientists work and _____ I need to do in order to become a scientist. First of all, I’d like to know how long I have to study to become a scientist. Jane: Well, that depends. Usually, a scientist must have at least a Bachelor’s degree, so that means about four years in college. Nowadays, most scientists need a Master’s degree, too. Tom: My second question is ______ courses or major should I choose. Jane: Again, that depends on what you want to study in the future. You will need to study maths. If you want to be a successful scientist, you must understand the basics of physics, chemistry and biology. Tom: Wow, that’s a lot. What puzzled me was _______ branch of science I should choose? Jane: Well, I think the best way is _____  you should get some practical experience. Visit scientists and laboratories to see what the life of a scientist is like. Ask scientists to tell you about their work. You should also try to find out which branch of science you like and are good at. Tom: I like physics, but the question is _________ my parents will allow me to major in it. Jane: That’s unbelievable. My first advice is _____ you should make your own decision. Tom: I think so. Do you have any other advice for me? Jane: Yes. I think a good scientist should be careful, curious and creative and that he or she should like to ask a lot of questions and solve problems.   which that whether 用合适的从属连词补全下面的对话。 how what what that 28 Review the words, expressions and sentences we have learned. Review Grammar -- Predicative Clause. 3. Finish the related exercises in the workbook. Thank you! $$