Unit 1 Period 1 Reading and Thinking（同步课件）-2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019选择性必修第二册）

Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS Period 1 Reading and Thinking 高中英语 / 人教版2019/ 选择性必修第二册 John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” To get information about how John Snow defeated cholera To summarize stages of scientific research To talk about the significance and contribution of John’s work “To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle, requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science.” --- Albert Einstein “提出新的问题，发现新的问题，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。” -阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦” Lead in Are you familiar with these situations ? Mask up Get vaccinated Self-isolation Positive measures are taken by humans to fight against COVID-19. coronavirus[kəˈrəʊnəvairəs] Besides coronavirus, what other kinds of epidemics (流行病) do you know? bird-flu plague[pleiɡ] Ebola [iˈbəʊlə] malaria [məˈleriə] Who Helped Defeat Malaria? There are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world. Name some famous scientists you know and tell something about them. Tu Youyou She is the first Chinese Nobel laureate (荣誉获得者) in physiology or medicine and the first female citizen of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize in any category (范畴), as well as the first Chinese person to receive the Lasker Award. Stephen Hawking (1942-2018) British scientist worked on astronomy and studied black holes in space Zhong Nanshan who has been committed to the study, prevention and treatment of major respiratory (呼吸道的) diseases and significantly contributed to the COVID-19 fight, was recommended for the Medal of the Republic nomination. COVID-19 (新型冠状病毒): an infectious disease It was discovered in the human body in 2019. The virus is generally characterised by fever, dry cough and gradually dyspnea /dis’pniə/(逐渐出现呼吸困难). The virus was confirmed to be with the phenomenon of human transmission and have latent infection. The disease had no specific treatment at that time, so it broke out in 2020 and swept the globe. Besides coronavirus, there is another dangerous kind of epidemic in the human history. Video Time: How much do you know about cholera? What are the symptoms (症状) of Cholera？ It begins in the stomach and a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment. dehydration (缺水) severe vomiting (呕吐) diarrhea (腹泻) 11 Many years ago, the cholera in the world killed millions of people. People were very afraid of it, but they didn’t know what to do. Luckily, a young doctor decided to find out how to prevent and treat the disease. Finally, the doctor won the battle. John Snow How did he win the battle? 13 In the early 19th century, an infectious disease similar to COVID-19 hit Europe. Now, let’s look at the title and then listen to the passage to get information about the infectious disease. John Snow Defeated “King Cholera” Who ? How ? What ? The text is mainly about ___________ and _____ he defeated ____________. John Snow how king cholera scientific research ? 1. Discuss the following stages of scientific research in groups. What order would you put them in? Stages of Scientific Research ______ analyse the results ______ ask a question ______ draw a conclusion ______ collect data ______ find a problem ______ find supporting evidence ______ think of a method Here are some facts about cholera. Try to present them to your partners and consider whether they are the same as you expected. 1. Cholera can kill sufferers within a few hours if they are left untreated. 2. Researchers have estimated that each year there are 1.3 million to 4 million cases of cholera, and 21, 000 to 143, 000 deaths worldwide due to cholera. 3. Up to 80% of cases can be successfully treated with oral rehydration solution (口服补液). 4. Safe water and waste control can prevent cholera. 5. When there is an outbreak of cholera, it is important to focus on treatment and waste control. 6. Safe and effective cholera vaccines (疫苗) are now used to control the disease. 7. Today, no country requires proof of cholera vaccination as a condition for entry. 2. Skim the passage to see if the order you decided above was correct, and find the main idea of the passage. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. The cause of Cholera was polluted water. The source of all drinking water should be examined. How John Snow collected, analysed data and found the cause of the disease and defeated it. draw a conclusion find a problem ask a question collect data find supporting evidence What causes cholera? Which theory is correct? Mark information on a map to find out where people died or did not die. Find other evidence to confirm the conclusion. The water is to blame. The source of all drinking water should be examined so that it is safe. Use the stages in examining a new scientific idea to describe each paragraph. Reread the whole text quickly and match the main idea. Para. 1 Para. 2 Para. 4 Para. 5 John Snow desired to destroy cholera. John Snow decided to prove the second theory. Snow began his study by marking on the map. Truth of the infection of cholera. Snow’s contributions. Para. 3 Fast reading 19 3. Read the passage again and complete the chart below. It was believed that cholera was caused by bad ____ or germs in ____________. Snow _______________ the places where the people who _____ had lived. Many deaths occurred near the ___________ in Broad Street. Some people _______ drunk the water from the pump, and lived. A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after ________ ___________________. The pump water carried _____________. The _______ of the pump was removed. air food or water marked on a map died water pump hadn’t drinking cholera germs handle A. C. B. D. E. water from the pump No death happened here. multiple deaths happened here. Clue: free beer from public house Public house The water from the pump was to blame. Result: The water came from the river which had been polluted by the dirty water from London. 1. conclusion ___ 2. evidence ___ 3. process ___ 4. solution ___ 5. theories ___ D C B E A 4. Match the following headers with the letters from the chart above. Write A-E in the blanks. Read the passage again and tell whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 1. Many people died of cholera before its cause was found. (     ) 2. It was a fact that cholera spread in a cloud of gas. (     ) 3. When cholera broke out in 1854, it spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods.  (     ) 4. The people who drank beer instead of water did not catch cholera. (     ) 5. The water companies were asked to stop supplying polluted water to people. (     ) T F T T T 1. Q: What ______________________________? A: Snow thought that cholera was caused by germs in food or water. 2. Q: Why __________________________________________? A: Snow had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 3. Q: How ____________________________? A: The cholera threat was defeated thanks to the work of John Snow. caused cholera according to Snow did Snow have the handle of the pump removed was the cholera threat defeated 5. What questions would you ask to get the following answers? most, defeated, river, London, understood, water, sources, drunk, dying No one __________ cholera and every time it came, thousands died. Queen Victoria’s doctor, John Snow, wanted to find out how it was caused. When the disease came to _______ again in 1854, Snow noticed that _____ of the 500 people who died had _______ the water from a water pump in Broad Street. He concluded that the ______ was to blame and found that the pump’s water came from a dirty _____. After he stopped people from using the pump, people gradually stopped ______. Snow suggested all _______ of water be checked and water companies take care not to supply people with dirty water. In this way, cholera was _________. London understood  Below is a summary of the text with some words missing. Choose the right words from the box and make it complete. Then try to retell the story to your partners. most water river sources   drunk dying defeated 24 1. What was the most important tool Snow used to defeat cholera? What common medical tools, e.g. a microscope, didn’t he use? Why? He used maps and statistics to analyse where the deaths occurred. He didn’t use a microscope, for example. He didn’t test the water, nor did he draw blood or examine patients. The reason he did not use medical equipment such as a microscope was because they did not exist during his time. Further, understanding of germs and bacteria was still developing, and he had to innovate methods himself based on the theory he believed. 2. How has John Snow’s work affected our daily lives? Snow’s work has provided readily available clean water to drink, for example, as well as an emphasis on hlygiene such as the need to wash hands after they become dirty. He also showed how to prevent cholera epidemics, and transformed the way scientists study diseases, which has allowed for more protection from once common diseases such as cholera. 6. In groups, discuss the following questions. Language Points Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 (Para. 1, Line 1) until 引导 __________ 从句， how 引导 _____ 从句。 时间状语 宾语 I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. until 表示“直到…为止”，主句的谓语动词为延续性动词，主句为肯定句； not … until 表示“直到…才”，主句的谓语动词为短暂性动词，主句为否定句。 not until 用于一般疑问句型中 It wasn’t until he finished his homework that he went to bed. (改为一般疑问句) Was it not until he finished his homework that he went to bed? 强调句的一般疑问句形式：Is / Was it ＋ 被强调部分＋ that ＋句子的其余部分 He didn’t go to bed until he completed his homework. (对画线部分进行强调) not until 用于强调句型中 要强调until后面的部分：①需要把until部分提前 ②还要把not一起提前 → It wasn’t until he completed his homework that he went to bed. It wasn’t until ..that ＋ 句子的其余部分 not until 用于倒装结构 1. The students didn’t stop talking until the teacher came in. 2. The sports meet will not be held until next week. → Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking. → ______ ______ next week _____ the sports meet be held. Not until will 1. 直到比赛开始他才来到。 He _________________ the game had begun. 2. 如果很多人都说一部电影不好，我不会去看，或者我会一直等到DVD版出来才看。 If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I will ____________________________. 3. 直到约翰进入大学之后，他才意识到时间的重要性。(倒装) __________________________________________________________ wait until it comes out on DVD didn’t arrive until Not until John went to college did he realize the importance of time. 即学即练 2. This illness causes severe diarrhea, dehydration, and even death. severe adj. extremely bad or serious 极为恶劣的; 十分严重的 punishing sb. in an extreme way when they break a particular set of rules 严厉的; 重的 not kind or sympathetic and showing disapproval of sb./sth. 严厉的; 苛刻的 e.g. His injuries are severe when he suffered a car accident. Despite severe weather conditions, they still worked together happily. The courts are becoming more severe on young offenders. She was a severe woman who seldom smiled. 【归纳】 be severe on/with 对……严厉 be severe with oneself 严于律己 【拓展】severely adv. 很严重地; 极为恶劣地 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) He _____________ his children when they are young. 当他的孩子们很小时，他对他们很严格。 2) You are too _______________ such a little boy. 你对这样的一个小男孩太严厉了。 3) 喝完酒之后，我感到胸口剧烈疼痛。 _________________________________________ is severe with severe on (upon) I felt a severe pain in the chest after drinking. 30 3. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. 在19世纪早期，当霍乱爆发袭击欧洲时，数百万人死于这种疾病。 die from: die owing to 死于 die away (声音、风或光) 逐渐消失 die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐平息 die of 因……而死 die out 灭绝；消失 by dying for/ to do sth. 渴望得到某物/ 做某事 die of, die from 词条 相同点 含义 例子 die of “死于疾病”既可用die of, 也可用die from表示。 死于(疾病、过度悲伤等内部原因) die of illness/ hunger/ starvation/ cold, etc die from 死于(某种外部原因) die from an earthquake/ a traffic accident/ drinking, etc. 【语境应用】完成句子。 In 2020, many species of animals __________ (死于) the forest fire in Australia. 2) It is well known that smoking does harm to health. A lot of people ______ (死于) lung cancer and heart disease due to smoking. died from die of 4. In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. contradictory adj. containing or showing a contradiction 互相矛盾的；互相对立的 be contradictory to… 与……矛盾、相反 e.g. His remark was contradictory to the truth. 他的叙述与事实矛盾。 【拓展】 contradict v. 反驳; 与……相矛盾 contradiction n. 抵触; 矛盾; 矛盾的说法 Don’t contradict! 别顶嘴 in direct contradiction to 与……恰恰相反 【语境应用】完成句子。 But the information I got was rich and varied, or even _____________. 但我得到 的信息丰富多样，甚至相互矛盾。 2) People found this sort of _____________ (contradict) reality to accept. 人们觉得这矛盾的现实难以接受。 3) He kept ___________________ when we were arguing ― I think he was a bit confused. 当我们争论的时候他为断自相矛盾―我认为他有点困惑了。 4) Your attitude is in contradiction ___ your character.你的态度和你的性格相矛盾。 contradictory contradictory contradicting himself to 5. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. 本句中that bad air caused the disease是that引导的表语从句, that在从句中不作成分, 没有意义, 只起连接作用。 e.g. My dream was that I could have a three-bedroom house in that city. 我曾经梦想能在那个城市有个三居室的房子。 【思考】请找出课文中的表语从句。 1) The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. 2) It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. 6. Snow subscribed to the second theory. 斯诺赞同第二种理论。 subscribe v. to agree to buy or pay for shares 认购(股份) to pay an amount of money regularly in order to receive or use sth. 定期订购 to pay money regularly to be a member of an organization or to help its work 定期缴纳(会费) ; 定期捐款赞助 e.g. Each employee may subscribe for up to￡2,000 worth of shares. You can subscribe to the magazine for as little as $32 a year. She subscribes to an environmental action group. e.g. I have never subscribed to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life. 【常用搭配】 subscribe to 同意, 赞成 subscribe to a magazine 订阅杂志 subscribe to a view 赞同一个观点 subscribe to a theory 赞同一个理论 subscriber  n. 订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者 a subscriber to… ……的订阅者 subscription  n. 订阅；订阅费；定期捐款 an annual subscription 一年期订阅 take out a subscription 办理订阅 cancel/ renew a subscription 退订/ 续订 【运用】翻译下面句子。 1) I subscribed to a few charities. 我捐助了一些慈善机构。 2) Do you subscribe to her view of the state of the economy? 你是否同意她对经济状况所持的观点？ 3) We subscribed to all the main medical journals. 我们订阅了所有主要的医学期刊。 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) He ____________ the view that children benefit from being independent. 他赞同孩子们能从独立中获益这一观点。 2) Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual ____________ (subscribe) in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. 在19世纪30年代以前，美国的大多数报纸都是通过年度订阅来销售的，通常是一年8到10美元。 3) All scientists subscribe ____ the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels. 所有的科学家都同意这样的观点，即地球温度的升高是化石燃料的燃烧导致的。 subscribes to subscriptions to 7. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。(Para. 2, Line 5) so … that … 意为“如此……以至于……”，用来引导结果状语从句。 It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。 (Para. 3, Line 14) Observe and Find 1. It rained so heavily that we had to stay at home. 2. The question is so difficult that we can not work it out. 3. It is so busy a day that we don’t go swimming. 主语 + 实义动词 + so + 副词 + that 从句 主语 + 系动词（be, become, feel 等）+ so + 形容词 + that 从句 主语 + 系动词 + so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that 从句 39 4. I have made so many mistakes that I must stay at home to reflect on them. 5. What a pity! We have got so little money that we can not eat at restaurants. 6. The shirt cost so much that I did not want to take it. 主语 + 谓语 + so + many / few + 可数名词复数 + that 从句 主语 + 谓语 + so + much / little + 不可数名词 + that 从句 主语 + 谓语 + so + many (much, few, little) + that 从句 so ... that 用于倒装结构 这个演讲者如此紧张，以至于双腿发抖。（翻译） → The speaker was so nervous that his legs were trembling. → So nervous was the speaker that his legs were trembling. 8. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 1) suspect v. to have an idea that sth. is probably true or likely to happen, especially sth. bad, but without having definite proof 疑有, 觉得(尤指坏事可能属实或发生) to have an idea that sb. is guilty of sth., without having definite proof 怀疑(某人有罪) to be suspicious about sth.; to not trust sth. 怀疑; 感觉有问题; 不信任 【常用搭配】 suspect sth. suspect sb. of doing sth. suspect sb. to do sth. suspect + that从句 e.g. I have no reason to suspect her honesty. Pilcher is suspected of giving false information. Who will suspect him to have broken the window? I began to suspect that they were trying to get rid of me. n. a person who is suspected of a crime or of having done sth. wrong 嫌疑犯; 嫌疑分子; 可疑对象 e.g. He is the prime suspect in the case. suspicion n. 怀疑 suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的 常用“vt.+ sb. + of sth.”短语 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事 cure sb. of sth. 给某人治愈某病；改正(某人的不良行为) inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事 convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 remind sb. of sth. 使某人回想起某事 【运用】翻译下面句子。 1) 没有人知道谁偷了那笔钱，但警察怀疑是那个棕色头发的年轻人。 No one knows who took the money, but the police suspect the young man with brown hair. 2) 他曾被怀疑提供假信息。 He was suspected to have given false information. / He was suspected of giving false information. 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) The police _______________________ drugs so they went through his bag, but found nothing. 警察怀疑他携带毒品，因此搜查了他的包，但什么也没发现。 2) We are appealing to anyone who saw the __________ contact us. 我们恳请任何人看到犯罪嫌疑人后与我们联系。 3) The photos remind me _____ the old days which we spent together. 这些照片让我想起了我们一起度过的旧时光。 suspected him of carrying suspect to of 2) blame v. to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad 责备; 指责; 把……归咎于 n. responsibility for doing sth. badly or wrongly; saying that sb. is responsible for sth. 责任; 责备; 指责 【常用搭配】 blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)...而责备... blame sth. on sb. 把...归咎于... be to blame 应承担责任；该受责备 be to blame for 应承担…的责任；因…该受责备 accept/ bear/ take blame for 对...负责；承担责任 put/ lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把...的责任推到...身上 e.g. Marie still blames herself for Patrick’s death. You can’t blame all your problems on your family. Officials believe that more than one person may be to blame for the fire. The police laid / put the blame for the accident on the driver. The company is ready to bear / take / accept / get the blame for what has happened. 【运用】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。 1) 如果你误了火车，不要怪我。 Don’t _______ ____ if you miss the train. 2) 他们把失败归咎于乔治。 They ________ ___ ______ for the failure ____ George. 3) 医院正在调查事故的责任人是谁。 The hospital is investigating to find out _____ ___ ____ _______ for the accident. blame me  laid/put the blame on who is to blame 9. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. have sth. done 结构 so….that 引导结果状语从句 It seemed that … “看来……”, that引导表语从句 have sth. done 使某事被……(可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做); (主语)遭遇/ 经历某种不幸的事 have sth. done 结构中，过去分词作宾补。用过去分词作宾补表示被动或动作已经完成。 have sth. done 可表四种不同的意义： (1) (主语) 请/ 派别人完成某事； (2) (主语) 完成某事(可能参与)； (3) (主语) 遭受某种不幸的情况；(4) 用于否定句中，表示“不允许…”“不让” have sb. to sth.= get sb. to do sth. 使某人去做某事 have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事(动作延续) 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph _______ (take). 我需要一个新护照，所以我得去让人给我照相。 2) You’d better have the old furniture __________ (remove) out of the room. 你最好找人把这些旧家具从房间里搬出去。 taken removed 10. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. handle n.  the part of a door that you use for opening it 把手 the part of an object that you use for holding it 柄 e.g. turn the handle the handle of a knife v. to deal with a situation, a person, an area of work or a strong emotion 处理, 应付(局势、人、工作或感情) to touch, hold or move sth. with your hands 触, 拿, 搬动 to control a vehicle, an animal, a tool, etc 控制, 操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) e.g. She’s very good at handling her patients. The label on the box said: ‘Fragile. Handle with care.’ I wasn’t sure if I could handle such a powerful car. 【拓展】 get / have a handle on 弄懂，理解，搞明白 e.g. It’s difficult to get / have a handle on how widespread this problem is. handle sth. well / perfectly / badly/ poorly 处理某事好/完美/不好/很差 handle a problem 处理问题 handle difficult customers 应付难对付的顾客 handle the situation well 很好地应对局势 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) The public never had faith in his ability __________ (handle) the job. 公众从来不相信他有能力胜任这一职位。 2) We got into trouble because none of us knew how __________ (handle) the machine. 我们遇到了麻烦，因为我们都不知道如何操作这台机器。 to handle to handle so that 是从属连词，在此用来引导 _________ 从句。意义为 “___________”， 可用 ___________ 从句来替换。这种从句的谓语动词一般要和情态动词______________________ 等连用。 目的状语 为了；以便 in order that can / could / may / might Compare and Find It rained hard yesterday so that we had to stay at home. = It rained so hard that we had to stay at home yesterday. so that 引导结果状语从句时， 意义为“结果是……”，“以至于……”，一般不与情态动词连用，有时可用逗号与主句隔开，有时则不用。这种从句可用 so … that … 从句来转换。 50 11. The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. infect v. to make a disease or an illness spread to a person, an animal or a plant 传染; 使感染 to make sb. share a particular feeling 使感染(某种感情); 影响 e.g. People with the virus may feel perfectly well, but they can still infect others. Lucy’s enthusiasm soon infected the rest of the class. 【归纳】 be infected with 感染上……, 传染上…… 【拓展】 infection n. 感染; 传染 infectious adj. 传染性的 12. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. link n. a connection between two or more people or things 联系; 连接 a relationship between two or more people, countries or organizations 关系; 纽带 e.g. We first cut the link between the two cities. Is there a link between smoking and the disease? This company has strong trade links with Justin’s company. link v. to make a physical or electronic connection between one object, machine, place, etc. and another 把……连接起来 if sth. links two things, facts or situations, or they are linked, they are connected in some way 联系; 相关联 e.g. The new bridge will link the island to the mainland. I have heard his name linked with that of a well-known person. 【运用】 写出下面句子中画线部分的词性及中文释义。 1) The road links all the new towns.      _______ ________________ 2) For elderly people, TV is an important link with the outside world.     ________ ________ 动词 将……连接起来 名词 纽带  13. … and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. decrease v. to become less or go down to a lower level, or to make something do this (使)变小, (使)减少 【归纳】 decrease (from…) to… 减少到…… decrease by … 减少了……(表示减少的量) decease in … 在……方面减少 e.g. The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year. Average house prices decreased by 13% last year. This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year. n. the process of becoming less, or the amount by which something becomes less 减少; 减少的量 【归纳】 a decrease in… ……的减少 on the decrease 在减少 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) The number of the students in our school has decreased ____ 1600 this year. 今年我们学校的学生数量下降到了1600人。 2) It is said that the prices of vegetables have increased ____ about 4% recently. 据说最近蔬菜价格增长了约4%。 to by 14. We now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. thanks to with the help of; because of 幸亏，由于 e.g. Thanks to your help, we succeeded． It was all a great success — thanks to a lot of hard work. thanks to, owing to, due to, because of 词条 用法 常作成分 thanks to owing to due to because of “多亏”，多放在句首，用来表达正面意思 (接近于原意 “感谢”)，偶用于讽刺口吻。 作状语 “由于、因为”，可置于句首或句末。 常作状语、表语 表示原因，可与owing to 互换 常作表语、状语或定语 着重某个结果的原因 常作状语 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) ___________ the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. 多亏了甲壳虫乐队，许多机会向市场上的新面孔敞开了大门。 2) It was ___________ their help that a disaster was avoided. 正是因为他们的帮助，才避免了一场灾难。 Thanks to because of 15. … Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. transform v. to completely change the appearance, form, or character of something or someone, especially in a way that improves it 使改观, 使变形, 使转化 【归纳】transform … (from…) into … 把……变成…… transform … with … 用……来改变…… e.g. This equipment can transform light into energy. We can transform the world with our knowledge. 【拓展】 transformation  n.  改变、转化(不可数); 具体变化(可数) transformable  adj. 可变形的；可变化的 transformer  n.  促使改变的人或物；变压器 【运用】 根据括号内的汉语提示，完成下面句子（每空一词）。 1) Well, you’ve certainly ____________ _____ _______ (改变了这个村子) — it looks great! 2) In several decades, my hometown has been ____________ _____ (变成了) a major industrial city. 3) It’s said that the shape of such a toy ___ ______________ (是可变形的). 4) His attitude to life has gone through a(n) ______________ (改变). transformation transformed this village   transformed into is transformable the way+定语从句 way作“方式，方法”讲，后接定语从句。 (1) 关系词在从句中作状语时，关系词用that, in which或省略。 e.g. The way (that/ in which) he did it attracted me. (2) 关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词用that或which (作宾语时关系词可省略)。 e.g. I did it in the way (that/ which) you told me. 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) it’s surprising how much simple movements of the body can affect the way _____________ we think. 令人惊讶的是，这么简单的身体运动会影响我们的思考方式。 2) Even on TV and the radio you will hear differences in ___________________. 即使在电视和收音机里，你也会听到人们说话方式的差异。 (that/ in which) the way people speak What spirits can we learn from a scientist like John Snow? creative strict patient determined positive hard-working confident ambitious … Thank you! x264 0.128.2216+688+32 a17ff54 tMod [8-bit@4:2:0 X86] x264 0.128.2216+688+32 a17ff54 tMod [8-bit@4:2:0 X86] null 248075.17 $$