专题04 阅读理解之说明文-【好题汇编】5年（2020-2024）中考1年模拟英语分类汇编（陕西专用）

专题04 阅读理解之说明文 【五年考情回顾】 年份 体裁 主题内容 2024年 说明文 本文主要介绍乔纳斯·考夫曼是如何爱上意大利和它的音乐的。 2023年 说明文 本文主要介绍了帮助学生养成良好的学习习惯，更好地理解化学的建议。 2022年 说明文 本文由动物迁徙引出了英语的造词，告诉我们找出单词之间的关系并在一个或多个小组中学习它们也可以是学习语言的一种方式。 2020年 说明文 本文介绍了人们是用语言去交流，而习语是表达人们想法的一种方式，有的时候习语会引起误会，也会让人很头疼，但是另一方面，习语是了解一种新文化的有趣方式。 （2024·陕西·中考真题）SHARE THE MAGIC of Italian song with Jonas Kaufmann as he shows us both on and off stage, how he fell in love with Italy and its music. “ITALIANS LOVE TO SING. They sing in the street. They sing while they go about their business. It is not just a cliché—in Italy, you see grown-up men just singing while they work, because they want to somehow express their feelings. Music is not only to make you smile, music is to make you think, and sometimes to understand that you’re not the only one carrying great problems with you. By expressing that in a song, you can better live with it, because somebody found the right words, the right way to express what you’re feeling at that moment. The songs on this album show the whole range of emotions that Italian music is capable of, just like in opera...” —Jonas Kaufmann The word “album” in the text means a group of songs or pieces of music on a CD． The underlined part means the rich feelings that Italian music is able to express. 1．The songs on this album are sung in ________. A．Russian B．French C．English D．Italian 2．From Kaufmann’s words, we can know ________. A．how much Italians love music B．how he created his music C．his experience of learning music D．his advice on making music 3．Which of the following would Kaufmann most probably agree according to the text? A．Music is a tool to learn a language. B．Music can work as the key to the door of art. C．Music is the most beautiful art form. D．Music can make people less lonely. （2023·陕西·中考真题）Chemistry is usually thought to be more difficult than other subjects, at least for the beginners. There are some reasons for this idea. For one thing, chemistry has a very specialized vocabulary（学科专用语汇）. At first, studying chemistry is like learning a new language. Also, some concepts（概念）of chemistry are hard to understand. However, with hard work and careful study, you can finish this subject successfully— and even enjoy it. Here are some suggestions to help you develop good study habits and better understand the topics in the book: ●Firstly, attend classes on time. Listen to your teacher and take careful notes in class. If possible, always review the topics you learn in class, and review your notes on the same day. ●Secondly, think carefully whether you really understand the meaning of a term or the use of an equation（方程式）. A good way to test your understanding is to explain a concept to a classmate or someone else. ●Thirdly, pay attention to things which have something to do with chemistry in life. Watch or do experiments in class carefully. ●Fourthly, question often and do not be afraid to ask your teacher or classmates for help. You will find that chemistry is much more than numbers, formulas（分子式）and equations. It’s often used in daily life just like math and physics. Once you fall in love with it, you’ll get lots of fun. 4．How many suggestions does the writer give the readers? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 5．The writer thinks that a good way to test your understanding of the formula “H2CO3” is to ________. A．write it on the blackboard B．read it aloud in class C．explain it to someone else D．ask others the meaning of it 6．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．Chemistry is more often used than physics. B．Some concepts of chemistry are hard to understand. C．Studying chemistry is like learning our mother language. D．Chemistry is usually thought to be as difficult as other subjects. 7．The passage is mainly about ________. A．differences between chemistry and physics B．the importance of chemistry and physics C．why chemistry is hard for beginners D．how students study chemistry （2022·陕西·中考真题）Do you know the word migrate? It is a word usually used to talk about certain animals such as birds, fish and so on. When animals migrate, they travel a long way from one part of the world to another according to the season. For example, swallows (燕子) migrate south in winter. Many animals migrate—they do this often at the same time and to the same place each year. They move to places where conditions are better—where the weather is warmer, where there is more food and water, or where their young will be safer. People also migrate. When people migrate, they go to live in another area or country, especially in order to find work. In English, when people leave their home country in order to live in another country, we use the word emigrate instead of migrate. From migrate and emigrate come the words migration and emigration. However, if people move from their home country to another to live there forever (永久地), the word changes from emigrate to immigrate in the English language. Then the word immigration is born. Isn’t word-making of the English language interesting? And can this process (过程) of finding out the relationships between words and learning them in a group or groups be a way for you to learn the language? Based on Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 6th edition. 8．Which of the following situations can match the main idea of Paragraph 1? A．Snakes move into holes to sleep in winter. B．Fish swim to clean waters because of pollution. C．Birds fly very far away to find food and return to give it to their babies. D．Monarch butterflies in North America fly south to stay away from the cold. 9．According to the passage, if people ________ , they leave their home country to live in another forever. A．travel B．migrate C．emigrate D．immigrate 10．The passage is written to ________. A．introduce migration of animals B．tell readers a way of learning English C．show how English words change D．explain why people migrate （2020·陕西·中考真题）People use languages to communicate. Any language has its ways to express people’s minds. One of the ways in common is the use of idioms. An idiom is a group of words. It has a special meaning that is different from the usual meaning. For example, under the weather is an idiom meaning ill. So when people say “I’m under the weather," they are saying that they’re not feeling well. Another example, in all weathers means in all kinds of weather. So, “There are homeless people sleeping on the streets in all weathers" tells us that homeless people sleep on the streets no matter whether it is cold or hot. Different languages may have different ways to make idioms. For people who are learning a foreign language, idioms could cause misunderstandings and bring them endless headaches. On the other hand, if things are done right, idioms can also be a fun way of looking into a new culture and understanding how the people think and talk. Metaphor (比喻) is often used in idioms. Let’s read the following two examples: ● It makes my blood boil (煮沸) when people litter. ● The night was dark and quiet; my blood ran cold when I heard a strange noise outside at dark night. In neither situation above, our blood can reach the point so high or so low in temperature. Yet, with the situations the two sentences created, it is not difficult to work out the unhappy feelings of really angry in the first example and very afraid in the second. Of course, not all idioms are this easy to understand. When we come to idioms of a foreign language, a good dictionary of idioms is always suggested. 11．This passage tells us something about __________ in the English language. A．grammar B．writing C．reading D．idioms 12．If your brother breaks your computer, you can say to him, “__________.” A．I’m under the weather B．I’m there in all weathers C．You’ve made my blood boil D．My blood runs cold 13．What is the writer’s advice when you come to an expression like under the weather? A．We should look it up in a good idiom dictionary. B．We should try to express our minds with it. C．We should find an interesting way to learn it. D．We should create situations to guess its meaning. （2024·陕西商洛·三模）Young people enjoy different kinds of drinks, though they know how bad drinks are for their health. What will happen to you if water takes the place of all drinks? Chris Bailey, a popular blogger, tried this out. Here are the advantages that he has found about drinking water. First, you lose weight faster. You don’t have to exercise but just keep away from drinks for 9 days. So water is very important. It is the same as running for 8 kilometers a day! So write down your resolution on a piece of paper and put it on the wall. And you will see the result soon. Sometimes when you have to stay up late for a test, you may drink a cup of tea or coffee. But do you know 75 to 85 percent of your brain is water? Nothing else! Just by drinking water, your brain can work efficiently. You may remember things quickly. What’s more, water washes out something bad in your body. So drinking enough water can stop you from getting old soon. If you want to look young and beautiful , drink water right now! Keep on doing it for longer, and you will be surprised to touch your soft and clean skin (皮肤). Lastly, you save money! The price of water is much lower than that of other drinks. Drink enough water every day, or spend money visiting doctors. Think about it! So, what are you waiting for? 14．You can write down“________”on a piece of paper according to Paragraph 3. A．Take more exercise! B．Drink more water! C．Use the brain more! D．Save more money! 15．The underlined word “efficiently” in Paragraph 4 means “________”. A．well B．badly C．happily D．slowly 16．What can we infer from the text? A．There is 25% water in your brain. B．Keeping on drinking water makes hair soft and clean. C．Staying away from drinks for 9 days helps lose weight. D．The money spent on coffee is less than that in visiting doctors. （2024·陕西商洛·三模）Have you heard of the horse-face skirts? These Chinese skirts date back to the Song Dynasty (960—1279). They have beautiful patterns (图案) and folds on both sides. And there are openings in the front and back of the skirts. This style is called “mamian”. In Song Dynasty, women used to wear the horse-face skirts when they rode donkeys (驴) or horses. The openings make it convenient for women to get on and off them. In the next hundreds of years, these skirts have become more and more beautiful. In 2022, many hanfu lovers began to spread the knowledge of the skirts. This helped more people learn about traditional Chinese clothes. “For us, wearing the skirts is not just for fashion (时尚),”said Mao, one of the hanfu lovers, “It also shows our love for Chinese culture.” Recently, the skirts have gotten even more popular. Many famous Chinese people have worn them to international events. And during this past Spring Festival, lots of young people wore the skirts when they went on trips. People in other countries like these skirts, too. Chinese clothing factories have gotten a lot of orders for them from abroad. A report studied how popular the skirts were among foreign users of some short video apps. What did the report find? Last year, users from more than 90 countries shared something about the skirts! Besides the skirts, “new Chinese-style clothes” is also a hot topic. These clothes add traditional Chinese symbols to modern fashion. They have won the hearts of many people around the world. 17．Which is the picture of a horse-face skirt? A． B． C． D． 18．Why did women in Song Dynasty wear the horse-face skirts? A．For beauty. B．For riding horses or donkeys. C．For doing housework at home. D．For showing their love for Chinese culture. 19．What did the report find about the horse-face skirts in Paragraph 5? A．They appear in all users’ videos. B．They are more expensive than before. C．They have gotten the world’s attention. D．They have changed western fashion. 20．The passage most probably comes from the ________ part of a magazine. A．Sports B．Business C．Travel D．Culture （2024·陕西渭南·二模）Plants are rooted (扎根) in one place. They can’t run away from danger or walk over the sunny side of the garden. So they have to develop some special ways to protect themselves and grow in the nature. Some scientists found that plants can sense their surroundings. You’ve all seen plants grow towards light which is called phototropism (向光性). Even if the top of them are cut off, the plants don’t change the direction. They sense the light and tell the rest of the plants how to grow then. Some plants “talk” with each other by using “airmail” to warn each other of danger. Researchers in England cut the leaves of cabbages. The cabbages then produce a tiny number of chemicals (化学物质) that protect themselves from some insects. Strangely, the cabbages which aren’t cut nearby also begin to give off their own different chemicals. That means they seem to receive a warning from their cabbage neighbors. Most amazingly, plants have a great system of communication that can connect nearly every plant in a forest by fungi (真菌). It connects the roots of different plants to each other. Scientists call the system the “wood wide web”, similar to the Internet we use. Using the network, plants can communicate and share information and even food with each other. Whatever the case, plants are stranger and more wonderful than we can imagine. 21．Picture ________ shows the word “phototropism”. A． B． C． D． 22．We can find the answer to the question “________” in the third paragraph. A．Why do the cabbages produce the chemicals? B．How do the cabbages grow bigger in England? C．How many researchers are there in England? D．When did the researchers do the experiment? 23．In which part of a magazine can we find the passage? A．Art. B．Nature. C．Culture. D．Sports. （2024·陕西西安·二模）Zheng Huan has a deep love for nature. “Sunshine, air, water, plants and animals...They are the most important things on our planet. However, many people haven’t realized it,” Zheng said. “What’s worse, climate change is greatly affecting biodiversity (生物多样性) and our environment.” Zheng decided to make a change. She set up the Youth Leader Fund and began working with game companies and artists. Together they have made climate change a thing that can be seen, felt and dealt with. Zheng has been working on a game called Guardians of Earth. Players take pictures of different kinds of plants and animals to earn points in the game. “The game has changed my ideas about plants and animals. They have all become alive and meaningful to me,” one player said. Another project Zheng is helping with is on digital (数字的) art works about climate change. She invited artists to create pieces based on a sci-fi novel AI 2041, which talked about how AI would affect the environment in the future. “Online paintings can reach more people in a shorter time,” Zheng said. “I want to increase people’s understanding of nature in beautiful and futuristic ways,” she added. Zheng’s work has got wide attention and praise. She hopes one day biodiversity and climate change will become old ideas—like something that is rooted (植根于) in people’s hearts. 24．Zheng set up the Youth Leader Fund to ________. A．learn from artists B．get closer to nature C．fight against climate change D．make more people get interested in nature 25．Which of the following is TRUE about the book AI 2041? A．It became popular in a very short time. B．It is about the advantages of AI. C．It was written by Zheng Huan. D．It is a sci-fi novel. 26．Where may you find the passage? A．In a guidebook. B．In a magazine about nature. C．In a history textbook. D．In a science fiction. （2024·陕西咸阳·二模）How do you usually sleep—barefoot (赤脚) or with socks on? Scientists have found that wearing socks to bed can help you fall asleep more quickly. Isn’t that amazing? The temperature of your internal organs (内脏器官) is called your core body temperature (核心体温). During the day, your core body temperature stays around 37 degrees. Over the course of seven or eight hours of sleep, it drops by as much as 1.2 degrees. How does this happen? Well, when your brain decides that your internal organs should cool down, it will widen your blood vessels (血管). The warmer blood from your body’s core will then flow to the rest of your body. In this way, your core body temperature gradually drops. This process is important for falling asleep. In fact, the faster your body’s core cools down, the faster you will get to sleep. According to scientists, wearing socks can help widen your blood vessels. This, in turn, lowers your core body temperature and helps you fall asleep more quickly. If you have trouble getting to sleep, why not give it a try? Take a warm foot bath before bed and put on your socks. You’ll probably fall asleep fifteen minutes faster than usual! 27．What is the correct order about your core body temperature’s change? a. The brain widens your blood vessels. b. The brain decides internal organs should cool down. c. Your core body temperature gradually drops. d. The warmer blood flows to the rest of your body. A．b→c→a→d B．b→a→d→c C．c→d→a→b D．c→a→b→d 28．If you can’t go to sleep quickly, you can ________. A．listen to music and do exercise B．drink some milk and listen to music C．take a warm foot bath and wear socks D．take a warm. bath and do exercise 29．What is the best title for the passage? A．Dropping Body Temperature B．Sleeping on Time C．Taking Temperature Correctly D．Sleeping in Socks 30．What is the text? A．A health report. B．A travel guide. C．A story book. D．A sport magazine. （2024·陕西商洛·二模）Think your winter is cold? Temperatures in Yakutsk fell to -62. 7℃ in January this year—the coldest in more than twenty years, scientists say. Yakutsk is the capital of Russia’s Sakha Republic. It is just 300 miles south of the Arctic Circle (北极圈). It is widely thought of as the coldest city in the world. People there know the key to keeping warm: Just dress warmly, like a cabbage. In winter, the city is covered with “ice fog”. That happens when air is so cold that warmer air from houses, people and cars can’t go up. Pyotr Beketov built Yakutsk in 1632. Today, it is the scientific, cultural and economic center for the Russian Far East Federal Region. The city has a population of more than 330, 000. They mainly live on dairy products (奶制品), meat and fish. Although there are rich natural resources, many people live a poor life. Some even live in places worse than their farm animals’ living places. The city also has some special museums. Permafrost Kingdom is one of the most popular. It is an underground museum with beautiful ice sculpture (冰雕). Its summers are cool, but visiting Yakutsk in winter is not a good idea. It you want to experience this kind of life in Yakutsk, please come and see. 31．What can we learn about Yakutsk from Paragraph 2? ① Where it is.       ② When “ice fog” happens. ③ How people keep warm in winter.     ④ What people usually do in winter. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④ D．①③④ 32．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Yakutsk has a history of over 500 years. B．The best time to visit Yakutsk is in winter. C．People in Yakutsk mainly eat vegetables in their daily life. D．Yakutsk has a popular underground museum with ice sculptures. 33．Where can we probably find the passage? A．In a science report. B．In a personal diary. C．In a business newspaper. D．In a travel magazine. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 阅读理解之说明文 【五年考情回顾】 年份 体裁 主题内容 2024年 说明文 本文主要介绍乔纳斯·考夫曼是如何爱上意大利和它的音乐的。 2023年 说明文 本文主要介绍了帮助学生养成良好的学习习惯，更好地理解化学的建议。 2022年 说明文 本文由动物迁徙引出了英语的造词，告诉我们找出单词之间的关系并在一个或多个小组中学习它们也可以是学习语言的一种方式。 2020年 说明文 本文介绍了人们是用语言去交流，而习语是表达人们想法的一种方式，有的时候习语会引起误会，也会让人很头疼，但是另一方面，习语是了解一种新文化的有趣方式。 （2024·陕西·中考真题）SHARE THE MAGIC of Italian song with Jonas Kaufmann as he shows us both on and off stage, how he fell in love with Italy and its music. “ITALIANS LOVE TO SING. They sing in the street. They sing while they go about their business. It is not just a cliché—in Italy, you see grown-up men just singing while they work, because they want to somehow express their feelings. Music is not only to make you smile, music is to make you think, and sometimes to understand that you’re not the only one carrying great problems with you. By expressing that in a song, you can better live with it, because somebody found the right words, the right way to express what you’re feeling at that moment. The songs on this album show the whole range of emotions that Italian music is capable of, just like in opera...” —Jonas Kaufmann The word “album” in the text means a group of songs or pieces of music on a CD． The underlined part means the rich feelings that Italian music is able to express. 1．The songs on this album are sung in ________. A．Russian B．French C．English D．Italian 2．From Kaufmann’s words, we can know ________. A．how much Italians love music B．how he created his music C．his experience of learning music D．his advice on making music 3．Which of the following would Kaufmann most probably agree according to the text? A．Music is a tool to learn a language. B．Music can work as the key to the door of art. C．Music is the most beautiful art form. D．Music can make people less lonely. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文主要介绍乔纳斯·考夫曼是如何爱上意大利和它的音乐的。 1．细节理解题。根据“Dolce Vita is the Italian language for the English expression...”可知，专辑是意大利语的，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“ITALIANS LOVE TO SING. They sing in the street. They sing while they go about their business. It is not just a cliché—in Italy, you see grown-up men just singing while they work, because they want to somehow express their feelings.”可知，意大利人喜欢唱歌。他们在街上唱歌。他们一边做自己的事一边唱歌。这不仅仅是一种陈词滥调——在意大利，你会看到成年男性在工作时唱歌，因为他们想以某种方式表达自己的感受。由此可知，意大利人非常喜欢音乐。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“and sometimes to understand that you’re not the only one carrying great problems with you”可知，音乐有时候让明白你并不是唯一一个有大问题的人，所以音乐可以使人不那么孤独。故选D。 （2023·陕西·中考真题）Chemistry is usually thought to be more difficult than other subjects, at least for the beginners. There are some reasons for this idea. For one thing, chemistry has a very specialized vocabulary（学科专用语汇）. At first, studying chemistry is like learning a new language. Also, some concepts（概念）of chemistry are hard to understand. However, with hard work and careful study, you can finish this subject successfully— and even enjoy it. Here are some suggestions to help you develop good study habits and better understand the topics in the book: ●Firstly, attend classes on time. Listen to your teacher and take careful notes in class. If possible, always review the topics you learn in class, and review your notes on the same day. ●Secondly, think carefully whether you really understand the meaning of a term or the use of an equation（方程式）. A good way to test your understanding is to explain a concept to a classmate or someone else. ●Thirdly, pay attention to things which have something to do with chemistry in life. Watch or do experiments in class carefully. ●Fourthly, question often and do not be afraid to ask your teacher or classmates for help. You will find that chemistry is much more than numbers, formulas（分子式）and equations. It’s often used in daily life just like math and physics. Once you fall in love with it, you’ll get lots of fun. 4．How many suggestions does the writer give the readers? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 5．The writer thinks that a good way to test your understanding of the formula “H2CO3” is to ________. A．write it on the blackboard B．read it aloud in class C．explain it to someone else D．ask others the meaning of it 6．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．Chemistry is more often used than physics. B．Some concepts of chemistry are hard to understand. C．Studying chemistry is like learning our mother language. D．Chemistry is usually thought to be as difficult as other subjects. 7．The passage is mainly about ________. A．differences between chemistry and physics B．the importance of chemistry and physics C．why chemistry is hard for beginners D．how students study chemistry 【答案】4．B 5．C 6．B 7．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了帮助学生养成良好的学习习惯，更好地理解化学的建议。 4．细节理解题。根据“●Firstly...●Secondly...●Thirdly...●Fourthly”可知作者给读者4条建议，故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“A good way to test your understanding is to explain a concept to a classmate or someone else.”可知作者认为测试你对“H2CO3”公式理解程度的一个好方法是向别人解释它。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据“Also, some concepts（概念）of chemistry are hard to understand.”可知有些化学概念很难理解。故选B。 7．主旨大意题。根据“Here are some suggestions to help you develop good study habits and better understand the topics in the book:”可知本文主要介绍了帮助学生养成良好的学习习惯，更好地理解化学的建议，故选D。 （2022·陕西·中考真题）Do you know the word migrate? It is a word usually used to talk about certain animals such as birds, fish and so on. When animals migrate, they travel a long way from one part of the world to another according to the season. For example, swallows (燕子) migrate south in winter. Many animals migrate—they do this often at the same time and to the same place each year. They move to places where conditions are better—where the weather is warmer, where there is more food and water, or where their young will be safer. People also migrate. When people migrate, they go to live in another area or country, especially in order to find work. In English, when people leave their home country in order to live in another country, we use the word emigrate instead of migrate. From migrate and emigrate come the words migration and emigration. However, if people move from their home country to another to live there forever (永久地), the word changes from emigrate to immigrate in the English language. Then the word immigration is born. Isn’t word-making of the English language interesting? And can this process (过程) of finding out the relationships between words and learning them in a group or groups be a way for you to learn the language? Based on Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 6th edition. 8．Which of the following situations can match the main idea of Paragraph 1? A．Snakes move into holes to sleep in winter. B．Fish swim to clean waters because of pollution. C．Birds fly very far away to find food and return to give it to their babies. D．Monarch butterflies in North America fly south to stay away from the cold. 9．According to the passage, if people ________ , they leave their home country to live in another forever. A．travel B．migrate C．emigrate D．immigrate 10．The passage is written to ________. A．introduce migration of animals B．tell readers a way of learning English C．show how English words change D．explain why people migrate 【答案】8．D 9．D 10．B 【导语】本文由动物迁徙引出了英语的造词，告诉我们找出单词之间的关系并在一个或多个小组中学习它们也可以是学习语言的一种方式。 8．推理判断题。根据“When animals migrate, they travel a long way from one part of the world to another according to the season”可知当动物迁徙时，它们会根据季节从世界的一个地方长途跋涉到另一个地方，故选项D“北美帝王蝶南飞避寒”符合第一段的主旨。故选D。 9．细节理解题。根据“if people move from their home country to another to live there forever (永久地), the word changes from emigrate to immigrate in the English language”可知如果人们从他们的祖国搬到另一个国家永远住在那里，这个词在英语中从emigrate变为immigrate。故选D。 10．主旨大意题。本文由动物迁徙引出了英语的造词，告诉我们找出单词之间的关系并在一个或多个小组中学习它们也可以是学习语言的一种方式。故选B。 （2020·陕西·中考真题）People use languages to communicate. Any language has its ways to express people’s minds. One of the ways in common is the use of idioms. An idiom is a group of words. It has a special meaning that is different from the usual meaning. For example, under the weather is an idiom meaning ill. So when people say “I’m under the weather," they are saying that they’re not feeling well. Another example, in all weathers means in all kinds of weather. So, “There are homeless people sleeping on the streets in all weathers" tells us that homeless people sleep on the streets no matter whether it is cold or hot. Different languages may have different ways to make idioms. For people who are learning a foreign language, idioms could cause misunderstandings and bring them endless headaches. On the other hand, if things are done right, idioms can also be a fun way of looking into a new culture and understanding how the people think and talk. Metaphor (比喻) is often used in idioms. Let’s read the following two examples: ● It makes my blood boil (煮沸) when people litter. ● The night was dark and quiet; my blood ran cold when I heard a strange noise outside at dark night. In neither situation above, our blood can reach the point so high or so low in temperature. Yet, with the situations the two sentences created, it is not difficult to work out the unhappy feelings of really angry in the first example and very afraid in the second. Of course, not all idioms are this easy to understand. When we come to idioms of a foreign language, a good dictionary of idioms is always suggested. 11．This passage tells us something about __________ in the English language. A．grammar B．writing C．reading D．idioms 12．If your brother breaks your computer, you can say to him, “__________.” A．I’m under the weather B．I’m there in all weathers C．You’ve made my blood boil D．My blood runs cold 13．What is the writer’s advice when you come to an expression like under the weather? A．We should look it up in a good idiom dictionary. B．We should try to express our minds with it. C．We should find an interesting way to learn it. D．We should create situations to guess its meaning. 【答案】11．D 12．C 13．A 【分析】本文介绍了人们是用语言去交流，而习语是表达人们想法的一种方式，有的时候习语会引起误会，也会让人很头疼，但是另一方面，习语是了解一种新文化的有趣方式。 11．主旨大意题。根据One of the ways in common is the use of idioms及下文的介绍，可知，本文是告诉我们英语中关于习语的一些知识。故选D。 12．细节理解题。根据It makes my blood boil (煮沸) when people litter及it is not difficult to work out the unhappy feelings of really angry in the first example，可知，make my blood boil形容人在生气时的不愉快情绪，所以当你的哥哥弄坏你的电脑时，你一定是生气的，可以用make my blood boil表达。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据When we come to idioms of a foreign language, a good dictionary of idioms is always suggested，可知，当我们碰到一种外国语言的习语时，我们应该在一本好的习语字典里进行查阅。故选A。 （2024·陕西商洛·三模）Young people enjoy different kinds of drinks, though they know how bad drinks are for their health. What will happen to you if water takes the place of all drinks? Chris Bailey, a popular blogger, tried this out. Here are the advantages that he has found about drinking water. First, you lose weight faster. You don’t have to exercise but just keep away from drinks for 9 days. So water is very important. It is the same as running for 8 kilometers a day! So write down your resolution on a piece of paper and put it on the wall. And you will see the result soon. Sometimes when you have to stay up late for a test, you may drink a cup of tea or coffee. But do you know 75 to 85 percent of your brain is water? Nothing else! Just by drinking water, your brain can work efficiently. You may remember things quickly. What’s more, water washes out something bad in your body. So drinking enough water can stop you from getting old soon. If you want to look young and beautiful , drink water right now! Keep on doing it for longer, and you will be surprised to touch your soft and clean skin (皮肤). Lastly, you save money! The price of water is much lower than that of other drinks. Drink enough water every day, or spend money visiting doctors. Think about it! So, what are you waiting for? 14．You can write down“________”on a piece of paper according to Paragraph 3. A．Take more exercise! B．Drink more water! C．Use the brain more! D．Save more money! 15．The underlined word “efficiently” in Paragraph 4 means “________”. A．well B．badly C．happily D．slowly 16．What can we infer from the text? A．There is 25% water in your brain. B．Keeping on drinking water makes hair soft and clean. C．Staying away from drinks for 9 days helps lose weight. D．The money spent on coffee is less than that in visiting doctors. 【答案】14．B 15．A 16．C 【原文】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了博主Chris Bailey,尝试用水替代饮料后的发现与好处。文章强调了用水替代其他饮料的健康和经济优势，例如减肥更快、提高大脑效率、防止衰老、省钱，并鼓励人们多喝水。 14．细节理解题。根据“First, you lose weight faster. You don’t have to …will see the result soon.”可知是与减轻体重有关，这一段表示不是必须要运动，排除A项，CD项与体重无关，B项喝更多的水符合题意。故选B。 15．词义猜测题。根据“But do you know 75 to 85 percent of your brain is water? Nothing else! Just by drinking water, your brain can work efficiently. You may remember things quickly.”可知，大脑75%到85%是水，光是喝水，大脑就能高效工作。故选A。 16．细节理解题。根据“First, you lose weight faster. You don’t have to …will see the result soon.”可知，减肥不需要锻炼，只要9天远离酒精就有助于减肥。故选C。 （2024·陕西商洛·三模）Have you heard of the horse-face skirts? These Chinese skirts date back to the Song Dynasty (960—1279). They have beautiful patterns (图案) and folds on both sides. And there are openings in the front and back of the skirts. This style is called “mamian”. In Song Dynasty, women used to wear the horse-face skirts when they rode donkeys (驴) or horses. The openings make it convenient for women to get on and off them. In the next hundreds of years, these skirts have become more and more beautiful. In 2022, many hanfu lovers began to spread the knowledge of the skirts. This helped more people learn about traditional Chinese clothes. “For us, wearing the skirts is not just for fashion (时尚),”said Mao, one of the hanfu lovers, “It also shows our love for Chinese culture.” Recently, the skirts have gotten even more popular. Many famous Chinese people have worn them to international events. And during this past Spring Festival, lots of young people wore the skirts when they went on trips. People in other countries like these skirts, too. Chinese clothing factories have gotten a lot of orders for them from abroad. A report studied how popular the skirts were among foreign users of some short video apps. What did the report find? Last year, users from more than 90 countries shared something about the skirts! Besides the skirts, “new Chinese-style clothes” is also a hot topic. These clothes add traditional Chinese symbols to modern fashion. They have won the hearts of many people around the world. 17．Which is the picture of a horse-face skirt? A． B． C． D． 18．Why did women in Song Dynasty wear the horse-face skirts? A．For beauty. B．For riding horses or donkeys. C．For doing housework at home. D．For showing their love for Chinese culture. 19．What did the report find about the horse-face skirts in Paragraph 5? A．They appear in all users’ videos. B．They are more expensive than before. C．They have gotten the world’s attention. D．They have changed western fashion. 20．The passage most probably comes from the ________ part of a magazine. A．Sports B．Business C．Travel D．Culture 【答案】17．A 18．B 19．C 20．D 【导语】本文主要讲了马面裙的历史及其在当今社会的受欢迎程度。 17．细节理解题。根据“They have beautiful patterns and folds on both sides. And there are openings in the front and back of the skirts. This style is called ‘mamian’.”可知，马面裙两边有漂亮的图案和褶皱，裙子的前后都有开口。故选A。 18．细节理解题。根据“In Song Dynasty, women used to wear the horse-face skirts when they rode donkeys or horses. The openings make it convenient for women to get on and off them.”可知，在宋代，妇女骑驴或骑马时要穿马脸裙，这些开口方便女性上下。故选B。 19．推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，马面裙在海外也受到了广泛的欢迎，C选项“他们获得了世界的关注”符合题意。故选C。 20．推理判断题。本文主要讲了马面裙的历史及其在当今社会的受欢迎程度，马面裙是中国文化的一部分，所以推测可能在杂志的文化专栏中看到这篇文章。故选D。 （2024·陕西渭南·二模）Plants are rooted (扎根) in one place. They can’t run away from danger or walk over the sunny side of the garden. So they have to develop some special ways to protect themselves and grow in the nature. Some scientists found that plants can sense their surroundings. You’ve all seen plants grow towards light which is called phototropism (向光性). Even if the top of them are cut off, the plants don’t change the direction. They sense the light and tell the rest of the plants how to grow then. Some plants “talk” with each other by using “airmail” to warn each other of danger. Researchers in England cut the leaves of cabbages. The cabbages then produce a tiny number of chemicals (化学物质) that protect themselves from some insects. Strangely, the cabbages which aren’t cut nearby also begin to give off their own different chemicals. That means they seem to receive a warning from their cabbage neighbors. Most amazingly, plants have a great system of communication that can connect nearly every plant in a forest by fungi (真菌). It connects the roots of different plants to each other. Scientists call the system the “wood wide web”, similar to the Internet we use. Using the network, plants can communicate and share information and even food with each other. Whatever the case, plants are stranger and more wonderful than we can imagine. 21．Picture ________ shows the word “phototropism”. A． B． C． D． 22．We can find the answer to the question “________” in the third paragraph. A．Why do the cabbages produce the chemicals? B．How do the cabbages grow bigger in England? C．How many researchers are there in England? D．When did the researchers do the experiment? 23．In which part of a magazine can we find the passage? A．Art. B．Nature. C．Culture. D．Sports. 【答案】21．D 22．A 23．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些植物保护自己的方式以及植物之间的交流。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段“You’ve all seen plants grow towards light...”可知，植物向光生长，这种现象被称为“phototropism”，所以phototropism意为“向光性”，D项图片符合题意。故选D。 22．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Researchers in England cut the leaves of cabbages. The cabbages then produce a tiny number of chemicals...”可知，切卷心菜时，它们会产生一种微量的化学物质来保护自己；因此第三段在讲述为什么卷心菜会产生化学物质。故选A。 23．推理判断题。通读全文可知本文介绍了一些植物保护自己的方式以及植物之间的交流，这属于自然话题。故选B。 （2024·陕西西安·二模）Zheng Huan has a deep love for nature. “Sunshine, air, water, plants and animals...They are the most important things on our planet. However, many people haven’t realized it,” Zheng said. “What’s worse, climate change is greatly affecting biodiversity (生物多样性) and our environment.” Zheng decided to make a change. She set up the Youth Leader Fund and began working with game companies and artists. Together they have made climate change a thing that can be seen, felt and dealt with. Zheng has been working on a game called Guardians of Earth. Players take pictures of different kinds of plants and animals to earn points in the game. “The game has changed my ideas about plants and animals. They have all become alive and meaningful to me,” one player said. Another project Zheng is helping with is on digital (数字的) art works about climate change. She invited artists to create pieces based on a sci-fi novel AI 2041, which talked about how AI would affect the environment in the future. “Online paintings can reach more people in a shorter time,” Zheng said. “I want to increase people’s understanding of nature in beautiful and futuristic ways,” she added. Zheng’s work has got wide attention and praise. She hopes one day biodiversity and climate change will become old ideas—like something that is rooted (植根于) in people’s hearts. 24．Zheng set up the Youth Leader Fund to ________. A．learn from artists B．get closer to nature C．fight against climate change D．make more people get interested in nature 25．Which of the following is TRUE about the book AI 2041? A．It became popular in a very short time. B．It is about the advantages of AI. C．It was written by Zheng Huan. D．It is a sci-fi novel. 26．Where may you find the passage? A．In a guidebook. B．In a magazine about nature. C．In a history textbook. D．In a science fiction. 【答案】24．C 25．D 26．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了郑欢设立青年领袖基金并开展相关项目，让人们更了解自然界的生物多样性及气候变化等问题。 24．推理判断题。根据“She set up the Youth Leader Fund and began working with game companies and artists. Together they have made climate change a thing that can be seen, felt and dealt with.”可知，郑为了改变上文提到的气候变化，于是建立了青年领袖基金会。故选C。 25．细节理解题。根据“She invited artists to create pieces based on a sci-fi novel AI 2041”可知，这是一部科幻小说，故选D。 26．推理判断题。本文主要介绍郑欢热爱自然，及在应对气候变化方面做出的努力，应出现在关于自然的杂志上。故选B。 （2024·陕西咸阳·二模）How do you usually sleep—barefoot (赤脚) or with socks on? Scientists have found that wearing socks to bed can help you fall asleep more quickly. Isn’t that amazing? The temperature of your internal organs (内脏器官) is called your core body temperature (核心体温). During the day, your core body temperature stays around 37 degrees. Over the course of seven or eight hours of sleep, it drops by as much as 1.2 degrees. How does this happen? Well, when your brain decides that your internal organs should cool down, it will widen your blood vessels (血管). The warmer blood from your body’s core will then flow to the rest of your body. In this way, your core body temperature gradually drops. This process is important for falling asleep. In fact, the faster your body’s core cools down, the faster you will get to sleep. According to scientists, wearing socks can help widen your blood vessels. This, in turn, lowers your core body temperature and helps you fall asleep more quickly. If you have trouble getting to sleep, why not give it a try? Take a warm foot bath before bed and put on your socks. You’ll probably fall asleep fifteen minutes faster than usual! 27．What is the correct order about your core body temperature’s change? a. The brain widens your blood vessels. b. The brain decides internal organs should cool down. c. Your core body temperature gradually drops. d. The warmer blood flows to the rest of your body. A．b→c→a→d B．b→a→d→c C．c→d→a→b D．c→a→b→d 28．If you can’t go to sleep quickly, you can ________. A．listen to music and do exercise B．drink some milk and listen to music C．take a warm foot bath and wear socks D．take a warm. bath and do exercise 29．What is the best title for the passage? A．Dropping Body Temperature B．Sleeping on Time C．Taking Temperature Correctly D．Sleeping in Socks 30．What is the text? A．A health report. B．A travel guide. C．A story book. D．A sport magazine. 【答案】27．B 28．C 29．D 30．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家们发现穿袜子睡觉可以帮助你更快入睡，并解释了其中的原因。 27．细节理解题。根据“During the day, your core body temperature stays around 37 degrees. Over the course of seven or eight hours of sleep, it drops by as much as 1.2 degrees”可知当你的大脑决定你的内脏应该冷却下来时，它会拓宽你的血管，然后，来自身体核心的温暖血液会流到身体的其他部位，这样，你的核心体温就会逐渐下降，故正确的顺序是b→ a→d→c。故选B。 28．细节理解题。根据“when your brain decides that your internal organs should cool down, it will widen your blood vessels (血管). The warmer blood from your body’s core will then flow to the rest of your body. In this way, your core body temperature gradually drops.”可知如果你难以入睡，睡前洗个热水澡，穿上袜子。故选C。 29．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了科学家们发现穿袜子睡觉可以帮助你更快入睡，并解释了其中的原因，以选项D“穿袜子睡觉”为标题最合适。故选D。 30．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了科学家们发现穿袜子睡觉可以帮助你更快入睡，并解释了其中的原因，故文章是一个科学报告。故选A。 （2024·陕西商洛·二模）Think your winter is cold? Temperatures in Yakutsk fell to -62. 7℃ in January this year—the coldest in more than twenty years, scientists say. Yakutsk is the capital of Russia’s Sakha Republic. It is just 300 miles south of the Arctic Circle (北极圈). It is widely thought of as the coldest city in the world. People there know the key to keeping warm: Just dress warmly, like a cabbage. In winter, the city is covered with “ice fog”. That happens when air is so cold that warmer air from houses, people and cars can’t go up. Pyotr Beketov built Yakutsk in 1632. Today, it is the scientific, cultural and economic center for the Russian Far East Federal Region. The city has a population of more than 330, 000. They mainly live on dairy products (奶制品), meat and fish. Although there are rich natural resources, many people live a poor life. Some even live in places worse than their farm animals’ living places. The city also has some special museums. Permafrost Kingdom is one of the most popular. It is an underground museum with beautiful ice sculpture (冰雕). Its summers are cool, but visiting Yakutsk in winter is not a good idea. It you want to experience this kind of life in Yakutsk, please come and see. 31．What can we learn about Yakutsk from Paragraph 2? ① Where it is.       ② When “ice fog” happens. ③ How people keep warm in winter.     ④ What people usually do in winter. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④ D．①③④ 32．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Yakutsk has a history of over 500 years. B．The best time to visit Yakutsk is in winter. C．People in Yakutsk mainly eat vegetables in their daily life. D．Yakutsk has a popular underground museum with ice sculptures. 33．Where can we probably find the passage? A．In a science report. B．In a personal diary. C．In a business newspaper. D．In a travel magazine. 【答案】31．A 32．D 33．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了雅库茨克这座城市。 31．细节理解题。根据“Yakutsk is the capital of Russia’s…the Arctic Circle.”、“People there know the key to keeping warm: Just dress warmly, like a cabbage.”以及“In winter, the city is covered with ‘ice fog’…people and cars can’t go up.”可知这段主要介绍了雅库茨克的地理位置、当地人在冬天时如何保暖以及何时会发生“冰雾”现象。故选A。 32．细节理解题。根据“The city also has some special museums. Permafrost Kingdom is one of the most popular. It is an underground museum with beautiful ice sculpture”可知，雅库茨克有一个著名的冰雕博物馆。故选D。 33．推理判断题。通读全文可知文章主要介绍了雅库茨克这座城市，所以我们可能在一份旅行指南中看到这篇文章。故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$