核心语法知识夯基05 形容词副词（精讲精练）-2025届高三英语一轮复习闯关攻略

形容词副词（讲义） 目录 一 形容词、副词的功能与位置 二 复合形容词的构成 三 形容词和副词的比较等级 四 最高级的用法 五 形容词副词易错点 六 高考模拟试题 形容词、副词的功能与位置 形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。 (1)形容词短语作定语，定语后置。 a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high (2)表语形容词(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等)作定语，定语后置。如 a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如 well、faint、i 只作表语。sick 既可作表语又可作定语，i 如作定语意为“bad”。 (3)用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every 构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如:I have something important to tell you. (4)else 常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。 (5)enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。 (6)几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是:方式一地点一时间。如:We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday. (7)频度副词如 often、always、usually等在 be 动词后，行为动词前。 (8)副词作定语，定语后置。如: The person there is waiting for you. (9)几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为:限定语(The、A)+描绘性形容词+size(大小)+ shape(形状)+ age(年龄、时间)+ color(颜色)+ origin(国籍、来源)+material(材料)+purpose(目的)+名词。如:a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella, the man's first tow interesting little red French oil paintings (10)以-ly 结尾的词性辨析。 ①下列单词以-1y 结尾，但却是形容词而非副词:lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等. ②表愿意(无-y)和引申意(有-ly)的副词:deep 深 wide 宽厂 high 高 low 位置低deeply 深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly 地位卑微 ③有无-ly 意义大不相同的副词: dead 完全，绝对 be dead asleep deadly 非常 be deadly tired pretty 相当 be pretty certain that. prettily 漂亮地 be prettily dressed close 近 Don't sit close. closely密切地Watch closely! late 晚、迟 arrive late,come late lately 最近I haven't seen him lately(recently) 复合形容词的构成 (1)形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted 好心的，white-haired白发的 (2) 形容词+形容词 red-hot炽热的，dark-blue 深蓝的 (3) 形容词+现在分词 good-looking 好看的，easy-going 随和的 (4) 副词+现在分 hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving 快速转动的 (5) 副词+过去分词hard-won得来不易的，newly-made 新建的 (6) 名词+形容词life-long终生的，world-famous 世界闻名的 (7) 名词+现在分词peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving 爱开玩笑 (8) 名词+过去分词snow-covered 白雪覆盖的，hand-made 手工的 (9) 数词+名词+ed four-storeyed4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的 (10)数词+名词(名词用单数ten-year10年的,two-man 两人的 形容词和副词的比较等级 (1)原级的构成和用法。 构成:形容词、副词的原级即本身。 用法:表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构;表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as)+原级形容词/词+as”的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构。如:Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu. This building looks not so (as)high as that one Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .This room is three times as large as that one. (2)比较级和最高级的构成。 掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。 (3)比较级的用法。 ①对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than"的结构表示。如:This picture is more beautiful than that one. ②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than”的结构表示。如: This room is less beautiful than that one. ③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如 even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。如: He works even harder than before.注意:英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较"或"….一些"或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如: She is better than she was yesterday Please come earlier tomorrow. 另注意:by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面， 应在二者中间加“the”。如: He is taller by far than his brother He is by far the taller of the two brothers. ④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用语 +谓语)”的结构(意为"越……越…")。 如:The harder he works, the happier he feels. ⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构。如:The weather is getting colder and colder. The girl becomes more and more beautiful. ⑥某些以-ior 结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替 than.这些词有inferior(劣等的,次的)superior(较好的，优于.)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)、prior(在.….之前)等。 He is superior to his brother in chemistry. ⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用tat(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one 既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。“the+比较级(主语+谓语)，the+比较级(主 The book on the table is more interesting than that(或 the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. ⑧倍数表达法。 (A) A is three(four,etc.)times the size(height,length etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍(高三倍)。 (B)A is three(four,etc.)times as big(high long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。 A is three(four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B, Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice 或 double. 最高级的用法 ①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如: Tom is the tallest of the three. He works(the)hardest in his class. ②)最高级可被序数词以及 much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如:This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest. How much did the second most expensive hat cost? ③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如 excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。 ④)形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。 如:He is the tallest(boy)in his class. ③作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。 如:Of all the boys he came(the)earliest. (5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。 ①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。 ②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。 如:He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very) The film is most interesting.(most=very) ③表示两者间“较..….的一个"比较级前加the。 who is the older of the tow boys? 在 same 前一般要加 the。有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等 (6)由as/so组成的形容词或副词短语。 ① as much as+不可数名词数量。 Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons She could earn as much as ten dollars a week ②as many as+可数名词数量 多达 I have as a many as sixteen reference books ③as early as 早在 As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island. ④as far as 远到;就...而知(论) We might go as far as (走到)the church and back. As far as l know(就我所知), he has been there before. ⑤may(might, could)as well 不妨、不如Then you might as well stay with us here. ⑥as .. as can be 到了最.的程度，极其They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。⑦as ... as one can He began to run, as fast as he could. ⑧as ... as possible Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible. 几组重要的词语辨析 ①very和much的区别。 (A) 可分等级的形容词和副词前使用 very不用 much。 (B) 表示状态的过去分词前用 very。A very frightened boy,a very tired child, a very complicated problem,一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed 结尾的分词多用 much、very much/greatly等修饰。 如:We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom.l was much amused by Jack's attitude. (C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如:very interesting/worrying/exciting. (D)too前用 much 或 far,不用 very。 You are much/far/a lot too nice.另外，在 too many / much, too few / little i用 far. There's far too little opportunity for adventure these days.We've got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups. (E)关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构: (a)修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用 quite completely、well、entirely。如 quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、 quite impossible、 quite perfect 等. (b)修饰以 a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词:quite alone,very much alone,wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid. (c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有:be well worth,much the same,freezing cold,quite different. terribly cold / frightening. ②)so ... that ... 与such ... that... 的区别。 so+形容词/副词 + that ... S0+形容词+a(n)+单数可数名词 +that so+many/much /little /few+ 名词 + that .. such+a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 +that.. such+形容词+不可数名词 +that ... such+形容词+复数名词 +that.. 注意:下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有 many、much、little、few 等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples 等。但当 little 表示"小”时用 such。如:These are such little boys that they can't dress themselves.下列so的用法是错误的:so a difficult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather. ③其他几组词的辨析。 (A) ago、before:ag0 表示以现在为起点的"以前";before 指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用 before 而不用 ago。 (B) (B)already、yet、still: already表示某事已经发生;yet表示期待某事发生;still 表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。 (C)too、also、either. to0和 also 用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also 多用于书面语，either用于否定句。 (D)good、well:与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。 (E)quick、fast:作形容词皆表"快”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思。quick 多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。 (F)real、true:形容词表"真的"。real 强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语;true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。 (G)hard、difficult:均表“困难”，但 hard 通常指体力上困难;difficult 则指智力或技能上的闲难，困难程度大于hard，它们都可作定语和表语。 形容词副词易错点 词性转换类易混易错点 It is an ancient _________ (architecture) complex with a history of more than 600 years. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, twenty-four emperors lived here ruling China for nearly 500 years. 易错分析：1.不认识单词。2.不熟悉其形容词的正确形式。3.不熟悉complex的名词意思“建筑群”。 “Hospitable Shandong” has become an __ (influence) tourism brand.易错分析：对长难单词的构词变化掌握不牢，平时学习中需要大量积累。 The treatment is based on the TCM principle, which is _______ (effect) for coughs, asthma (哮喘) and other diseases. China is one of the world’s most biologically (diversity) countries. It listed the two-part Vietnamese bridge as the world’s ____ (long), at 632 metres.易错分析：忽略句子的逻辑意思而单纯变为比较级或副词。 In fact, the story is much_______ (complex), according to findings that Dr. Wang, now an ecologist at Fudan University in Shanghai, published last month in Biological Conservation. As the weather turns warmer and air becomes _____ __ (dry), it is recommended that people eat fresh vegetables and juicy fruits to keep themselves hydrated (保持水分). 易错分析：忽略形容词级别变化的特殊形式，误以为都在词尾加-er或-est。 The system sends messages to people (little) than two second after the earthquake happens. 用法类易混易错点 It has appealed to audiences of all ages, who _______ (enthusiastic) recite poetry alongside the characters on screen, taking them on a fantastic journey. 易错分析：1.句子结构分析出错，修饰谓语动词应当使用副词。2.-ic结尾形容词大多加-ally。 publicly除外。 Meanwhile, they found that cancer rates were just as high in excessive consumers of artificial sweetener and excessive sugar intake may be _ (equal) associated with cancer risk, according to the authors. Besides, people around the globe can have access to Confucius ideas in Confucius Institutes and Chinese Culture Centers abroad _______ (free). When it comes to sharing, one of the _______ (great) gifts China gave to the world through the ancient Silk Road was the technology of making paper on an industrial scale. 易错分析：长难句导致的句子结构划分不清，从而句意理解出错，名词复数gifts前应当被形容词修饰。 高考模拟试题 一、单项选择 1．（2024·山东济南·二模）She doesn’t speak ______her friend, but her handwriting is excellent. A．as well as B．so often as C．so much as D．as good as 2．（2024·山东泰安·一模）A craftsman is a man who makes things ________ with his hands. A．skill B．skillful C．skillfully D．skills 3．（2024黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）Students are expected to dress _________, suitable for weather conditions, and in good taste. A．accurately B．adequately C．essentially D．attractively 4．（2024·河南洛阳·二模）Don’t let the child who is ________ go to school. A．so young as to B．not old enough to C．not old enough D．too young to 5．（2024·天津二模）While it is crucial to learn and grow from the disappointments, it is________ important to recognize accomplishments. A．slightly B．equally C．increasingly D．widely 6．（2024天津·一模）It is quite annoying if our close friend _________ checks the cellphone and ignores our heartfelt words. A．properly B．constantly C．officially D．physically 二、单词拼写 7．（2024·江苏·模拟预测）He lifted the baby (温柔地) out of its cot (婴儿床). 8．（2024·陕西西安·一模）The report is based on a survey of over 21,000 (随机地) selected employers from July to September. 9．（2024·湖南株洲·模拟预测） (最近), citizens in Luhe have got the chance to experience a self-service store.   10．（2024吉林长春·模拟预测）To all the villagers’ disappointment, the rescue attempt failed (悲惨地)． 11．（2024吉林长春·模拟预测）The thieves (天才) triggered the alarm and hid inside the house. 12．（2024·陕西西安·模拟预测）“You are an artist,” she said (恭敬地). 13．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）The police decided to investigate (进一步). 14．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）This course will teach you to think (创造性). 15．（2024·广东江门·一模）I thought Little Tom was in his room, but a (实际上) he was in the garden. 16．（2024·山东济南模拟预测）Luckily, his health is g (逐渐地) improving. 17．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）According to observers, the plane exploded (不久) after take-off. 18．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）The speech was (故意地) designed to embarrass the prime minister. 19．（2024·河北衡水·一模）The dictionary is (尤其) useful for beginners. 20．（2024·陕西西安·三模）__________(如今) more and more students are addicted to computer games. 21．（2024·陕西西安·三模）The smoke rose___________(直直地) up into the air and disappeared. 22．（2024·陕西西安·三模）—Do you mean that we are stuck here? —__________(确实如此), my dear. 23．（2024·吉林·二模）As a consequence of smoking, my father coughs ____________ (频繁). 三、翻译 24．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）人工智能使我们得以见证一个日新月异的新时代。 (witness) (汉译英) 25．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）他考试的时候太紧张了，完全想不起这个单词。(escape) (汉译英) 26．（2024·上海松江·二模）我一直相信一个人睡眠充足了才能更好地抵御情绪紊乱。(convince)(汉译英) 27．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）有了无人机，救援人员就可以安全地评估灾区的受灾状况。(enable)(汉译英) 28．（2024·上海·模拟预测）情况是在不断地变化，要使自己的思想适应新的情况，就得学习。(adapt) （汉译英） 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 形容词副词（讲义） 目录 一 形容词、副词的功能与位置 二 复合形容词的构成 三 形容词和副词的比较等级 四 最高级的用法 五 形容词副词易错点 六 高考模拟试题 形容词、副词的功能与位置 形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。 (1)形容词短语作定语，定语后置。 a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high (2)表语形容词(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等)作定语，定语后置。如 a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如 well、faint、i 只作表语。sick 既可作表语又可作定语，i 如作定语意为“bad”。 (3)用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every 构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如:I have something important to tell you. (4)else 常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。 (5)enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。 (6)几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是:方式一地点一时间。如:We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday. (7)频度副词如 often、always、usually等在 be 动词后，行为动词前。 (8)副词作定语，定语后置。如: The person there is waiting for you. (9)几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为:限定语(The、A)+描绘性形容词+size(大小)+ shape(形状)+ age(年龄、时间)+ color(颜色)+ origin(国籍、来源)+material(材料)+purpose(目的)+名词。如:a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella, the man's first tow interesting little red French oil paintings (10)以-ly 结尾的词性辨析。 ①下列单词以-1y 结尾，但却是形容词而非副词:lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等. ②表愿意(无-y)和引申意(有-ly)的副词:deep 深 wide 宽厂 high 高 low 位置低deeply 深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly 地位卑微 ③有无-ly 意义大不相同的副词: dead 完全，绝对 be dead asleep deadly 非常 be deadly tired pretty 相当 be pretty certain that. prettily 漂亮地 be prettily dressed close 近 Don't sit close. closely密切地Watch closely! late 晚、迟 arrive late,come late lately 最近I haven't seen him lately(recently) 复合形容词的构成 (1)形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted 好心的，white-haired白发的 (2) 形容词+形容词 red-hot炽热的，dark-blue 深蓝的 (3) 形容词+现在分词 good-looking 好看的，easy-going 随和的 (4) 副词+现在分 hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving 快速转动的 (5) 副词+过去分词hard-won得来不易的，newly-made 新建的 (6) 名词+形容词life-long终生的，world-famous 世界闻名的 (7) 名词+现在分词peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving 爱开玩笑 (8) 名词+过去分词snow-covered 白雪覆盖的，hand-made 手工的 (9) 数词+名词+ed four-storeyed4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的 (10)数词+名词(名词用单数ten-year10年的,two-man 两人的 形容词和副词的比较等级 (1)原级的构成和用法。 构成:形容词、副词的原级即本身。 用法:表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构;表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as)+原级形容词/词+as”的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构。如:Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu. This building looks not so (as)high as that one Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .This room is three times as large as that one. (2)比较级和最高级的构成。 掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。 (3)比较级的用法。 ①对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than"的结构表示。如:This picture is more beautiful than that one. ②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than”的结构表示。如: This room is less beautiful than that one. ③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如 even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。如: He works even harder than before.注意:英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较"或"….一些"或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如: She is better than she was yesterday Please come earlier tomorrow. 另注意:by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面， 应在二者中间加“the”。如: He is taller by far than his brother He is by far the taller of the two brothers. ④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用语 +谓语)”的结构(意为"越……越…")。 如:The harder he works, the happier he feels. ⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构。如:The weather is getting colder and colder. The girl becomes more and more beautiful. ⑥某些以-ior 结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替 than.这些词有inferior(劣等的,次的)superior(较好的，优于.)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)、prior(在.….之前)等。 He is superior to his brother in chemistry. ⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用tat(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one 既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。“the+比较级(主语+谓语)，the+比较级(主 The book on the table is more interesting than that(或 the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. ⑧倍数表达法。 (A) A is three(four,etc.)times the size(height,length etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍(高三倍)。 (B)A is three(four,etc.)times as big(high long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。 A is three(four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B, Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice 或 double. 最高级的用法 ①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如: Tom is the tallest of the three. He works(the)hardest in his class. ②)最高级可被序数词以及 much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如:This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest. How much did the second most expensive hat cost? ③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如 excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。 ④)形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。 如:He is the tallest(boy)in his class. ③作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。 如:Of all the boys he came(the)earliest. (5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。 ①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。 ②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。 如:He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very) The film is most interesting.(most=very) ③表示两者间“较..….的一个"比较级前加the。 who is the older of the tow boys? 在 same 前一般要加 the。有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等 (6)由as/so组成的形容词或副词短语。 ① as much as+不可数名词数量。 Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons She could earn as much as ten dollars a week ②as many as+可数名词数量 多达 I have as a many as sixteen reference books ③as early as 早在 As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island. ④as far as 远到;就...而知(论) We might go as far as (走到)the church and back. As far as l know(就我所知), he has been there before. ⑤may(might, could)as well 不妨、不如Then you might as well stay with us here. ⑥as .. as can be 到了最.的程度，极其They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。⑦as ... as one can He began to run, as fast as he could. ⑧as ... as possible Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible. 几组重要的词语辨析 ①very和much的区别。 (A) 可分等级的形容词和副词前使用 very不用 much。 (B) 表示状态的过去分词前用 very。A very frightened boy,a very tired child, a very complicated problem,一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed 结尾的分词多用 much、very much/greatly等修饰。 如:We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom.l was much amused by Jack's attitude. (C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如:very interesting/worrying/exciting. (D)too前用 much 或 far,不用 very。 You are much/far/a lot too nice.另外，在 too many / much, too few / little i用 far. There's far too little opportunity for adventure these days.We've got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups. (E)关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构: (a)修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用 quite completely、well、entirely。如 quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、 quite impossible、 quite perfect 等. (b)修饰以 a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词:quite alone,very much alone,wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid. (c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有:be well worth,much the same,freezing cold,quite different. terribly cold / frightening. ②)so ... that ... 与such ... that... 的区别。 so+形容词/副词 + that ... S0+形容词+a(n)+单数可数名词 +that so+many/much /little /few+ 名词 + that .. such+a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 +that.. such+形容词+不可数名词 +that ... such+形容词+复数名词 +that.. 注意:下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有 many、much、little、few 等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples 等。但当 little 表示"小”时用 such。如:These are such little boys that they can't dress themselves.下列so的用法是错误的:so a difficult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather. ③其他几组词的辨析。 (A) ago、before:ag0 表示以现在为起点的"以前";before 指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用 before 而不用 ago。 (B) (B)already、yet、still: already表示某事已经发生;yet表示期待某事发生;still 表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。 (C)too、also、either. to0和 also 用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also 多用于书面语，either用于否定句。 (D)good、well:与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。 (E)quick、fast:作形容词皆表"快”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思。quick 多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。 (F)real、true:形容词表"真的"。real 强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语;true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。 (G)hard、difficult:均表“困难”，但 hard 通常指体力上困难;difficult 则指智力或技能上的闲难，困难程度大于hard，它们都可作定语和表语。 形容词副词易错点 词性转换类易混易错点 It is an ancient _________ (architecture) complex with a history of more than 600 years. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, twenty-four emperors lived here ruling China for nearly 500 years. 易错分析：1.不认识单词。2.不熟悉其形容词的正确形式。3.不熟悉complex的名词意思“建筑群”。 【答案】architectural 【解析】考查形容词。句意：它是一个有600多年历史的古代建筑群。分析句子可知，此处应为形容词，作定语修饰名词“complex”，表示“建筑的”。故填architectural。 “Hospitable Shandong” has become an __ (influence) tourism brand. 易错分析：对长难单词的构词变化掌握不牢，平时学习中需要大量积累。 【答案】influential 【解析】考查形容词。句意：“好客山东”成为有影响力的旅游品牌。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语修饰名词tourism，influence的形容词为influential，意为“有影响力的”。故填influential。 The treatment is based on the TCM principle, which is _______ (effect) for coughs, asthma (哮喘) and other diseases. 【答案】effective 【解析】考查形容词。句意：治疗是基于中医的原则，这是有效的咳嗽，哮喘和其他疾病。此处应用形容词effective作表语，故填effective。 China is one of the world’s most biologically (diversity) countries. 【答案】diverse 【解析】考查形容词。句意：中国是世界上生物多样性最丰富的国家之一。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填形容词修饰名词countries。故填diverse。 It listed the two-part Vietnamese bridge as the world’s ____ (long), at 632 metres. 易错分析：忽略句子的逻辑意思而单纯变为比较级或副词。 【答案】longest 【解析】考查形容词最高等级。句意：它把这座由两部分组成的越南大桥列为世界上最长的大桥，全长632米。根据空前的the world’s可知，此处用形容词的最高等级，故填longest。 In fact, the story is much_______ (complex), according to findings that Dr. Wang, now an ecologist at Fudan University in Shanghai, published last month in Biological Conservation. 【答案】more complex 【解析】考查比较级。句意：事实上，根据王博士上个月发表在《生物保护》杂志上的研究结果，情况要复杂得多，王博士现在是上海复旦大学的生态学家。此处指与上文的情况相比，情况更加复杂，应用比较级，在前面加more。故填more complex。 As the weather turns warmer and air becomes _____ __ (dry), it is recommended that people eat fresh vegetables and juicy fruits to keep themselves hydrated (保持水分). 易错分析：忽略形容词级别变化的特殊形式，误以为都在词尾加-er或-est。 【答案】drier 【解析】考查比较级。句意：随着天气变暖，空气变得干燥，建议人们吃新鲜的蔬菜和多汁的水果来保持自己的水分。根据上文“As the weather turns warmer and air becomes”可知，此处使用比较级。故填drier。 The system sends messages to people (little) than two second after the earthquake happens. 【答案】less 【解析】考查副词比较级。句意：该系统在地震发生后不到两秒就会向人们发送信息。空处修饰动词sends，需用副词，结合than可知，此处需用副词比较级。故填less。 用法类易混易错点 It has appealed to audiences of all ages, who _______ (enthusiastic) recite poetry alongside the characters on screen, taking them on a fantastic journey. 易错分析：1.句子结构分析出错，修饰谓语动词应当使用副词。2.-ic结尾形容词大多加-ally。 publicly除外。 【答案】enthusiastically 【解析】考查副词。句意：它吸引了各个年龄段的观众，他们热情地与银幕上的角色一起背诵诗歌。此处修饰动词recite，应用副词作状语。故填enthusiastically。 Meanwhile, they found that cancer rates were just as high in excessive consumers of artificial sweetener and excessive sugar intake may be _ (equal) associated with cancer risk, according to the authors. 【答案】equally 【解析】考查副词。句意：同时，他们发现，过量食用人造甜味剂的人癌症发病率同样高，根据作者的说法，过量食用糖可能与癌症风险同样相关。空处修饰形容词associated，应填副词形式作状语，equally是副词，表示“同样地”，符合题意。故填equal Besides, people around the globe can have access to Confucius ideas in Confucius Institutes and Chinese Culture Centers abroad _______ (free). 【答案】freely 【解析】考查副词。句意：此外，世界各地的人们可以在海外孔子学院和中国文化中心自由地接触到孔子的思想。free为形容词，需要副词freely修饰，故填freely。 When it comes to sharing, one of the _______ (great) gifts China gave to the world through the ancient Silk Road was the technology of making paper on an industrial scale. 易错分析：长难句导致的句子结构划分不清，从而句意理解出错，名词复数gifts前应当被形容词修饰。 【答案】greatest 【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：说到分享，中国通过古丝绸之路给世界的最大礼物之一是工业规模的造纸技术，这一技术彻底改变了科学和哲学从8世纪开始在阿拉伯和伊斯兰世界一路传播到欧洲的过程。此处是“one of+形容词最高级+名词复数”，表示“最……的……之一”，故填greatest。 高考模拟试题 一、单项选择 1．（2024·山东济南·二模）She doesn’t speak ______her friend, but her handwriting is excellent. A．as well as B．so often as C．so much as D．as good as 【答案】A 【详解】考查“as...as...”结构和副词。句意：她说的不像她朋友说得一样好，但她的字写得很好。该句中应为副词作状语修饰speak，结合“her handwriting is excellent”可知，此处描述的是“她书法好”，所以此处表示“她说的没她朋友说的好”，所以此处使用副词well，用于同级作比较时为ad well as。故选A项。 2．（2024·山东泰安·一模）A craftsman is a man who makes things ________ with his hands. A．skill B．skillful C．skillfully D．skills 【答案】C 【详解】考查副词。句意：能工巧匠是指能巧妙地用手制作东西的人。A. skill技巧；B. skillful熟练的；C. skillfully巧妙地；D. skills技巧（复数形式）。本空用副词skillfully“巧妙地”，作状语，修饰动词makes。故选C。 3．（2024黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）Students are expected to dress _________, suitable for weather conditions, and in good taste. A．accurately B．adequately C．essentially D．attractively 【答案】B 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：学生们要穿着得体，适应天气条件，有品位。A. accurately准确地、精确地；B. adequately足够地、合乎需要地；C. essentially本质上、大体上；D.  attractively迷人地、有吸引力地。根据句意可知，此处指根据不同天气情况穿衣，还要具有良好品味，说明要衣着得体，应用adequately。故选B项。 4．（2024·河南洛阳·二模）Don’t let the child who is ________ go to school. A．so young as to B．not old enough to C．not old enough D．too young to 【答案】C 【详解】考查形容词和副词。句意：不要让年龄不够大的孩子上学。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词who引导的定语从句。is后接形容词old作表语，enough修饰形容词放在形容词之后。故选C项。 5．（2024·天津二模）While it is crucial to learn and grow from the disappointments, it is________ important to recognize accomplishments. A．slightly B．equally C．increasingly D．widely 【答案】B 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然从失望中学习和成长至关重要，但认可成就也同样重要。A. slightly轻微地；B. equally同样地；C. increasingly越来越多地；D. widely普遍地。根据上文“it is crucial to learn and grow from the disappointments(从失望中学习和成长)”以及下文“to recognize accomplishments(认可成就)”可知，句子表达的是“这两者同等重要”，应选择表示“同样地”含义的副词，故选B项。 6．（2024天津·一模）It is quite annoying if our close friend _________ checks the cellphone and ignores our heartfelt words. A．properly B．constantly C．officially D．physically 【答案】B 【详解】考查副词的词义辨析。句意：如果我们的密友不断查看手机而不理会我们真诚的话，那就太烦人了。A. properly正确地，适当地；B. constantly不断地；C. officially官方地；D. physically身体上，根本上。根据句意，此处表示“不断地查看手机”，故用constantly，作状语，修饰checks，故选B。 二、单词拼写 7．（2024·江苏·模拟预测）He lifted the baby (温柔地) out of its cot (婴儿床). 【答案】gently 【详解】考查副词。句意：他轻轻地把婴儿从婴儿床上抱起来。空处修饰空前的动词lifted，应用副词修饰，根据所给中文提示词，应是gently意为“温柔地”。故填gently。 8．（2024·陕西西安·一模）The report is based on a survey of over 21,000 (随机地) selected employers from July to September. 【答案】randomly 【详解】考查副词。句意：该报告是基于从7月到9月对21,000多名随机选择的雇主的调查得出的。根据汉语提示“随机地”可知，此处为副词randomly，作状语，修饰过去分词selected。故填randomly。 9．（2024·湖南株洲·模拟预测） (最近), citizens in Luhe have got the chance to experience a self-service store.   【答案】Recently 【详解】考查副词。句意：最近，陆河的公民有机会体验自助服务商店。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，根据所给中文提示词，应是recently意为“最近”，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Recently。 10．（2024吉林长春·模拟预测）To all the villagers’ disappointment, the rescue attempt failed (悲惨地)． 【答案】tragically 【详解】考查副词。句意：令所有村民失望的是，营救行动不幸失败了。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用副词tragically，修饰动词failed，作状语。故填tragically。 11．（2024吉林长春·模拟预测）The thieves (天才) triggered the alarm and hid inside the house. 【答案】geniusly 【详解】考查副词。句意：小偷们巧妙地触发了警报，躲进了房子里。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用副词geniusly“巧妙地”，修饰动词triggered，作状语。故填geniusly。 12．（2024·陕西西安·模拟预测）“You are an artist,” she said (恭敬地). 【答案】respectfully 【详解】考查副词。句意：她恭敬地说：“你是一个艺术家。”根据汉语提示和句意可知，副词respectfully符合题意，做状语，修饰动词said。故填respectfully。 13．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）The police decided to investigate (进一步). 【答案】further 【详解】考查副词。句意：警方决定进一步调查。根据汉语提示可知应填副词further，作状语。故填further。 14．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）This course will teach you to think (创造性). 【答案】creatively 【详解】考查副词。句意：这门课程将教你创造性地思考。根据汉语提示可知应填副词creatively，作状语。故填creatively。 15．（2024·广东江门·一模）I thought Little Tom was in his room, but a (实际上) he was in the garden. 【答案】actually 【详解】考查副词。句意：我认为小汤姆在屋内，但实际上他在花园。分析句子可知，此处应该为副词作状语。根据提示的汉语和首字母可知，actually意为“实际上”符合句意。故填actually。 16．（2024·山东济南模拟预测）Luckily, his health is g (逐渐地) improving. 【答案】gradually 【详解】考查副词。句意：幸运的是，他的健康正在逐渐改善。副词修饰动词，作状语，根据汉语提示和首字母可知，“逐渐”的副词是gradually。故填gradually。 17．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）According to observers, the plane exploded (不久) after take-off. 【答案】shortly 【详解】考查副词。句意：据观察员说，飞机起飞后不久就爆炸了。此处“不久”应用副词shortly作状语，故填shortly。 18．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）The speech was (故意地) designed to embarrass the prime minister. 【答案】deliberately 【详解】考查副词。句意：这次演讲是故意设计来使首相难堪的。“故意地”应用副词deliberately作状语，修饰动词designed，故填deliberately。 19．（2024·河北衡水·一模）The dictionary is (尤其) useful for beginners. 【答案】particularly/especially 【详解】考查副词。句意：这本词典对初学者特别有用。根据句意可知此处是副词修饰形容词，故答案为particularly/especially。 20．（2024·陕西西安·三模）__________(如今) more and more students are addicted to computer games. 【答案】Nowadays 【详解】考查副词。句意：现如今越来越多的学生沉迷于电脑游戏。根据词义提示可知，使用副词nowadays作状语，修饰后面的句子，首字母大写。故填Nowadays。 21．（2024·陕西西安·三模）The smoke rose___________(直直地) up into the air and disappeared. 【答案】straight 【详解】考查副词。句意：烟一直升到空中，消失了。根据汉语提示可知，使用副词straight修饰动词rose作状语。故填straight。 22．（2024·陕西西安·三模）—Do you mean that we are stuck here? —__________(确实如此), my dear. 【答案】Exactly 【详解】考查副词。句意：——你的意思是我们被困在这里了？——确实如此，亲爱的。根据词义提示可知，使用副词exactly，作状语，首字母大写。故填Exactly。 23．（2024·吉林·二模）As a consequence of smoking, my father coughs ____________ (频繁). 【答案】frequently/constantly 【详解】考查副词。句意：因为吸烟，我父亲频繁地咳嗽。根据谓语动词coughs应由副词修饰，可知空处应填副词形式frequently或constantly，表示“频繁地”。故填frequently/constantly。 三、翻译 24．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）人工智能使我们得以见证一个日新月异的新时代。 (witness) (汉译英) 【答案】Artificial intelligence is enabling us to witness an ever-evolving/a constantly-changing new era/ a new era which/that changes with each passing day/a new era which/that changes quickly/rapidly. 【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词、名词、定语从句、时态。表示“人工智能”用artificial intelligence，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“使某人做某事”用enable us to do sth.，结合语境可知事情正在发生，故时态用现在进行时，且主语为第三人称单数，故be动词用is。表示“我们”用us，作宾语。表示“见证”用witness，用不定式，作us的补足语。表示“日新月异的”用ever-evolving/constantly-changing，作定语，修饰“时代”。此处泛指“一个日新月异的新时代”，且ever-evolving以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an；constantly-changing以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。表示“新时代”用new era，作witness的宾语。或者表示“新月异的”用定语从句，先行词是a new era，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/wich引导，表示“变化”用change，从句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，故谓语用第三人称单数形式changes；表示“快速地”用副词quickly/rapidly，作状语，修饰changes；或者“日益，一天天”用with each passing day。故翻译为Artificial intelligence is enabling us to witness an ever-evolving/a constantly-changing new era/ a new era which/that changes with each passing day/a new era which/that changes quickly/rapidly. 25．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）他考试的时候太紧张了，完全想不起这个单词。(escape) (汉译英) 【答案】He was so nervous in/ during the exam that the word escaped him completely. 【详解】考查一般过去时，形容词，结果状语从句，介词，副词。根据汉语提示可知，此处“由于考试太紧张，以至于他完全想不起这个单词”，所以需要使用结果状语从句，so+adj.+that从句。表示“紧张的”用nervous，“在考试中”用during/in the exam；“完全想不起这个单词”意味着这个单词“逃离了他”。“单词”为word；“escape”意为逃脱，逃离；“完全地”为completely；此处描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。故答案为He was so nervous in/ during the exam that the word escaped him completely. 26．（2024·上海松江·二模）我一直相信一个人睡眠充足了才能更好地抵御情绪紊乱。(convince)(汉译英) 【答案】I’m always convinced that a person can better fight against emotional disorders when he sleeps well/adequately. 【详解】考查固定句型及动词短语。句子陈述目前的事实，应用一般现在时。“我一直相信”可以使用固定句型，译为I’m always convinced that，“一个人”译为a person，“才能更好地抵御”译为can better fight against，“情绪紊乱”译为emotional disorders，“睡眠充足了”可以使用when引导时间状语从句，译为when he sleeps well/adequately。故翻译为I’m always convinced that a person can better fight against emotional disorders when he sleeps well/adequately. 27．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）有了无人机，救援人员就可以安全地评估灾区的受灾状况。(enable)(汉译英) 【答案】Drones enable rescue workers to assess the damage in the disaster area safely. 【详解】考查名词、动词、短语、副词和时态。无人机翻译为“drone”，位于句首首字母大写，表示无人机这一类应该为drones，enable表示“使能够”，enable sb to do sth表示“使某人能做……”，救援人员翻译为“rescue workers”，灾区翻译为“disaster area”，评估受灾状况翻译为“assess the damage”，安全地翻译为“safely”。本句为一般现在时，故翻译为Drones enable rescue workers to assess the damage in the disaster area safely。 28．（2024·上海·模拟预测）情况是在不断地变化，要使自己的思想适应新的情况，就得学习。(adapt) （汉译英） 【答案】The situation is constantly changing. To adapt your thinking to new situations, you have to learn. / Situations are changing continually, so we must study to adapt our thinking to new situations. 【详解】考查动词短语。“情况”使用名词situation，situation是可数名词，此处可表示特指，用单数形式，其前加定冠词the，“不断地”可使用副词constantly，“变化”使用动词change，句子应用现在进行时，故“情况是在不断地变化”可译为The situation is constantly changing.；“使……适应……”使用动词短语adapt...to...，“思想”使用名词thinking，“新情况”译为new situations，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故译为To adapt your thinking to new situations，“就得”使用固定短语have to“不得不，必须”，后接动词原形，“学习”使用动词learn，人称使用第二人称，综上，故本句可译为：The situation is constantly changing. To adapt your thinking to new situations, you have to learn. /“情况”使用名词situation，是可数名词，此处可用复数表示泛指，“不断地”使用副词continually，“变化”使用动词change，句子用现在进行时，故“情况是在不断地变化”可译为Situations are changing continually；“就得学习”与上文是因果关系，此可用连词so连接，使用第一人称复数we作主语，“就得”使用情态动词must，后接动词原形，“学习”可使用动词study，“要使自己的思想适应新的情况”表示目的，可译为动词不定式作目的状语，“使……适应……”使用动词短语adapt...to...，“思想”使用名词thinking，“新情况”译为new situations，所以本句可译为：Situations are changing continually, so we must study to adapt our thinking to new situations.故答案为：The situation is constantly changing. To adapt your thinking to new situations, you have to learn. / Situations are changing continually, so we must study to adapt our thinking to new situations. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$