Unit 5 Languages around the World Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Unit 5 Languages around the World Discovering Useful Structures “A different language is different vision of life.” ---Federico Fellini “每种不同的语言都是一种不同的生活视角。” ——费德里科·费里尼 Part 01 Warm up Look at these sentences and underline the restrictive relative clauses. What kind of information does each clause communicate? 1. It was a time when people were divided geographically. 2. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. 3. There are many reasons why people learn a foreign language. 4. These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. 修饰 a time, when 在从句中作时间状语 修饰one unified country, where在从句中作地点状语 修饰reasons, why在从句中作原因状语 修饰 animal bones and shells, on which =on the animal bones and shells。 Part 02 关系副词 When的用法 when引导定语从句，其先行词是表示_________的名词,如_____________________________________等，when在从句中作________。 时间 time, morning, day, week, month, year 时间状语 I still remember the days when we swam together in the river. 我仍然记得我们在这条河中一起游泳的日子。 Do you know the date when they got married? 你知道他们结婚的日期吗? where的用法 where引导定语从句，其先行词是表示_______的名词,如________________________________等,when在从句中作______。 地点 place, spot, room, house, school, city 地点状语 地点 具体的地点：place, house 抽象的地点：position, stage 隐性的地点： news, story, words, something Do you still remember the woods where we first met? 你还记得我们第一次见面的那片树林吗? Please keep your things in a place where you can find them easily. 请把你的东西放在容易找到的地方。 并非所有的表示“地点”和“时间”的先行词,后面的定语从句一定要用 where 和 when 引导。如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，就要用 that 或 which 引导。 why的用法 why引导定语从句，表示___________，其先行词是_______, when在从句中作__________。 reason 原因状语 原因或理由 Is this the reason why you refused me? 这就是你拒绝我的理由吗? She came around to explain the reason why she was absent from the meeting. 她过来是为了解释她当时缺席会议的原因。 如果reason不是定语从句中事件发生的原因，而是充当了定语从句中谓语动词的主语或宾语，这时，要用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，不用 why。。 that的用法 that作关系副词时可以修饰表示_________________________ ______________________的先行词，相当于_________________ ___________，而且一般可以省略。 表示时间时，that相当于when 或"介词+which"可省略。 I still remember the time (that/when/in which) I helped my father on the farm. 我仍然记得在农场里帮助我爸爸的岁月 时间(time)、地点(place)、 原因(reason)、方式(way) when, where, why, in which that的用法 表示地点时that相当于where或“介词+which”可省略。 I have never been to the place (that/where/in which) the Indians live.我从未去过那些印第安人居住的地方。 表示原因时，that相当于why或for which,可省略。 The reason (that/why/for which) he lost his life was lack of medical care. 他死的原因是缺乏医疗护理。 表示方式时,that 相当于in which,可省略。 Can you work out a way (that/in which) we can solve this problem? 你能找出一种我们能够解决这个问题的方法吗? “介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句 when, where, why I'll never forget the day on which (= when) my son was born. 我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。 “介词 +which”可以替代关系副词 when, where, why I'd like you to explain the reason for which (=why) you refused my offer. 我想让你解释一下你拒绝我帮助的原因。(for 依据 for the reason 确定) 关系副词_______________引导定语从句时,关系副词可用“______________”代替。在“介词 +关系代词”引导的定语从句中,关系代词只能用_____________,不可用that或who。 介词 +关系代词 which或whom 替代when 替代where This is the farm on which (=where) I used to work. 这就是我过去工作过的农场。 (on 依据 on the farm 确定) 替代why “介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句 依据与先行词的固定搭配确定使用什么介词 I'll never forget the time during which I was with my friends in the country. 我永远不会忘记和朋友们一起在乡村度过的时光。 依据定语从句中动词或形容词的搭配来确定介词 She bought several books, on which she spent all her money. 她买了几本书,这些书花光了她所有的钱。 根据定语从句所表达的具体意思来确定介词 Can you see the river across which there is a bridge? 你能看见上面有座桥的那条河吗? (during依据during the time确定) (on依据spend...on确定) “介词 + 关系代词”的其他表达法 如果在whom和which 之前用of 表示所属关系(即of whom, of which表示所属关系)，这时名词需要特指，应加定冠词该名词放在of whom, of which之前或之后均可。 I'd like a room the window of which looks out over the sea. I'd like a room of which the window looks out over the sea. 因为whose也表示所属关系,所以可以转换为: I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. “介词 + 关系代词”的其他表达法 在whom和which之前用of,还可以表示部分与整体的关系。这时，表示“部分”的数词或代词，放在 of whom, of which 之前或之后均可。 She has three daughters, one of whom is a doctor. She has three daughters, all of whom are beautiful. 还可以说: She has three daughters, the oldest of whom is called Mary. She has three daughters, of whom one is a doctor. She has three daughters, of whom all are beautiful. Part 03 Practice Complete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or pronouns. Add a preposition where necessary. When I started studying German, it was a struggle. The words felt strange on my tongue, and the grammar would not stay in my head. I told my mum that I wanted to give up, and that I would never live in a country _____________ German was spoken. My mum told me that studying a language was not just for my future. It was exercise for the brain; the more l learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow. where/in which Complete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or pronouns. Add a preposition where necessary. And I remember that day ______________ I suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language. It felt like my brain had doubled in size. I had finally come to a place _______________ I could think in this foreign language, and I could see the world from a different point of view. I felt as if I had reached the goal ____________ I had been fighting for I could open a book and see meanings, not just a sea of words. I finally understood the reason _________ my mum had encouraged me not to give up. Thanks, Mum! when/on which where/at which that/which why 用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句 1. These bone and shell fossils date back to a billion years ago __________ there were no human beings. 2. They are natives __________ attitude towards their civilisation can't be changed. 3. The system still has some faults despite the facts on __________ it is based. 4. We have ignored many factors __________ led to the empire’s ups and downs. 5. We will visit the park __________ there are a variety of stone figures _______________ the sculptor carved. when whose which that where which/that/省略 用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句 1.长春是我们班大多数同学们出生的城市。_____________________________________________________________2.很多时候我们在学习上会犯这样或那样的错误。 (there are many times when...) _____________________________________________________________ 3.在头一个小时内决不令人厌烦的地方是餐桌。 （where引导的定语从句） _____________________________________________________________ 4.他考试不及格的原因是他没有努力学习。(the reason why. . . is that...) _____________________________________________________________ 5.他没来的原因是他的车在半路上拋锚了。 _____________________________________________________________ Changchun is the city where most of the students in our class were born. There are many times when we would make mistakes of this kind or another. The table is the only place where a man is never bored during the first hour. The reason why he failed the exam is that he didn't study hard. The reason why/for which he was absent was that his car broke down halfway. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句 6.你还记得我们一起待在上海的日子吗？_____________________________________________________________7.你最好在你有疑问的地方做一个标记。(where) _____________________________________________________________ 8.毕业后,我决定留在重庆,在那里我曾度过了我的童年和四年的大学生活。_____________________________________________________________ Do you still remember the days when we stayed together in Shanghai? You had better make a mark where you have any questions. After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years’ college life. Part 04 Language Points struggle n. 斗争;奋斗;搏斗 vi. 奋斗,拼搏 the struggle for... 争取……的斗争 a struggle for independence 争取独立的斗争 the struggle between good and evil 善恶之争 It is a struggle for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是件难事。 struggle for 为……而斗争 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 练习：At present, our company has to struggle ___________ all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad. against/with I felt as if I had reached the goal that/which I had been fighting for. 我觉得我好像实现了我一直为之奋斗的目标。 as if引导的从句 as if=as though，意为“好像;似乎” as if/though引导的表语从句或方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时,通常用陈述语气。与事实不符时,通常用虚拟语气。与现在情况不符的，谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were);与过去情况不符的,谓语动词用过去完成时;与将来事实不符的谓语动词用“could/would/might+动词原形”。 It seemed as if the world were at an end! 似乎到了世界末日! They treated him as if/though he were a stranger. 他们对待他就像对待陌生人似的。 The black clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain. 乌云正在聚集。看起来好像要下雨了。 (与现在情况不符) (与事实不符) (事实或具有很大可能性) SEE YOU TIME NEXT $$