语法精讲专题04 代词 - 2025届高考英语一轮复习语法精讲精练

2024-06-28
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语法精讲专题 04 代词(原卷版) 代词+解题指导+近五年高考真题精练 代词精讲 高考近五年考情 考点一 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 考点二 无词填空中it的特殊用法 考点三 不定代词 考点四 指示代词 考点一 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 1.分类 类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 功能 主语 宾语、表语 定语 主语、表 语、宾语 宾语、表 语、同位语 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 2.反身代词 (1)基本用法 作宾语 动宾:Tom taught himself Chinese. 汤姆自学了汉语。 介宾:You can’t leave the baby by himself. 你不能留下孩子一个人。 作表语 She is not quite herself today. 她今天不在状态。 作同位语 I myself can repair the bike. 我自己能修那辆自行车。 (2)常见搭配 与介词搭配 by oneself  独自地 for oneself 替自己;为自己 of oneself 自动地 in oneself 本质上;本身 与动词搭配 apply oneself to    专心致志于 behave oneself 举止得体;行为检点 dress oneself 打扮;自己穿衣 devote oneself to 致力于;献身于 help oneself to 随便吃/用 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 seat oneself 就座;入席 make oneself at home 别客气 teach oneself 自学 考点二 it的用法 1.基本用法 指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等,也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象,还可以指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。 The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it. 由于当地政府努力提高就业率,大城市的就业率不断上升。 2.it作形式主语和形式宾语的常用句型 it作形式主语 ①It is a pity/shame that... 真可惜…… ②It is no wonder that... 难怪…… ③It seems/appears that... 似乎/看来…… ④It looks/seems as if/as though... 看起来好像…… it作形式主语 ⑤It happens that... 碰巧…… ⑥It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that... 某人突然想起…… ⑦It is said/reported that... 据说/据报道…… ⑧It is certain that... ……是一定的 ⑨It is no use/good doing... 做……没有用/好处 ⑩It takes sb. some time to do... 做……花费某人若干时间 it作形式宾语 ①主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/...+it+adj./n.+for/of sb. to do/that从句 ②主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/...+it+useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy/...+doing... 考点三 不定代词 1.other,others,the other,another other 不能单独使用,常与复数名词连用,如果前面有the, some, any, each,every, no以及形容词性物主代词时,也可与可数名词单数连用。 others 表示泛指,相当于“other+复数名词”,可构成some...others...“一些……另一些……”。 the other “the other+单数可数名词”特指两者中的另一个,常有one...the other...“一个……另一个……”的搭配,其复数形式为the others或“the other+复数名词”,特指在某些人或物中,除去一部分后,其余的人或物。 another 指三者或三者以上中的另一个,表示泛指,后接单数名词,也可以用于“another+数词+名词复数”表示“另外几个……”的含义。 2.both, all, either, any, neither, none的用法      含义 范围      都 任一 都不 两者 both either neither 三者或三者以上 all any none [点拨] 固定搭配:anything but(根本不), nothing but(只不过;仅仅), all but(几乎;差一点), none but(仅仅;只有)。everything意为“每件事物;所有事物”,强调整体,与not连用时表示部分否定,意为“并不是所有事物都……”。 考点四 指示代词:one(s),that, those one(s) one代替的是前面提到的同类异物中的任何一个,相当于“a/an+单数名词”; ones用来代替前面出现的复数名词,也表泛指。 a/an+可数名词单数=one;the+可数名词单数=that/the one; the+不可数名词=that; the+可数名词复数=the ones/those; 可数名词复数=ones。 that 代替前面提到的同类异物中特指的事物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词单数,也可以是不可数名词,其前面通常不能有修饰语,但可以有后置定语。 those 代替前面提到的同类异物中特指的事物,只能指代可数名词复数,相当于the ones。 [点拨] 在文中为避免重复,one(s), that, those等都可以用来代替上文出现的名词。 【解题指导】 1.明确指代 在解答代词类题目时,应首先分析题干,明确代词所指代的对象,从而避免误判。具体来说应从以下几方面考虑: (1)代词所指代的对象是人还是物,与上文出现的人或物是同一个还是同一类,还要注意代词的人称和性别之分。 (2)代词所指代的对象是可数名词还是不可数名词,如果是可数名词,是单数还是复数。 (3)代词所指代的对象表示特指意义还是泛指意义。 【典例】 However,quite a few others,especially in the countryside,would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”. 答案 those  解析:分析句子结构可知,本空应填代词作a few others的同位语,指代前文表示复数概念的a few others,空后的介词短语作后置定语对其进行修饰,故应填指示代词those。 2.理清逻辑 要做出正确判断,还应分析句子之间的逻辑关系。具体来说应从以下几方面考虑: (1)代词表示的是一者、两者还是多于两者,即从代词表示的数量上入手。 (2)代词表示的是肯定意义还是否定意义。 (3)代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。 【典例】 It was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which of the parents spoke the language. 答案 neither  解析:由parents可知,空格处所填代词表示的是两者,又由语境可知空处表示否定含义,故用neither “两者都不”。 单句语法填空(近五年高考真题) 1. (2024全国甲卷)This area, with (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park. 2.(2024全国甲卷改编)Last week, I saw a program about Chongqing hotpot on TV. I was curious but planned a special one-day trip there with a friend of (I). 3. (2024浙江1月卷)Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well. 4.(2024天津3月卷改编)I really want to go to a place for the summer vacation, ________ especially with beautiful scenery and unique culture. 5. (2024九省联考卷)However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and they can feel proud of (they). 6.(2023新课标I卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of (they) contents. 7.(2023全国甲卷改编)In that class, Miss Zhao, our biology teacher, showed (we) insects on stamps. 8.(2023全国乙卷改编)Last Friday my mom decided to color (she) hair. 9.(2022北京卷)Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ____________ (they), they get takeout or order delivery. 10.(2022全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening ____________ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea. 11.(2021新课标I卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____________ (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to 12.(2021全国乙卷)Ecotourism has ____________ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept until the late 1980s. 13.(2021浙江卷)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ____________ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order. 14.(2020新课标卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine ____________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest. 15.(2020全国I卷)Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ____________ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 语法精讲专题 04 代词(解析版) 代词+解题指导+近五年高考真题精练 代词精讲 高考近五年考情 考点一 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 考点二 无词填空中it的特殊用法 考点三 不定代词 考点四 指示代词 考点一 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 1.分类 类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 功能 主语 宾语、表语 定语 主语、表 语、宾语 宾语、表 语、同位语 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 2.反身代词 (1)基本用法 作宾语 动宾:Tom taught himself Chinese. 汤姆自学了汉语。 介宾:You can’t leave the baby by himself. 你不能留下孩子一个人。 作表语 She is not quite herself today. 她今天不在状态。 作同位语 I myself can repair the bike. 我自己能修那辆自行车。 (2)常见搭配 与介词搭配 by oneself  独自地 for oneself 替自己;为自己 of oneself 自动地 in oneself 本质上;本身 与动词搭配 apply oneself to    专心致志于 behave oneself 举止得体;行为检点 dress oneself 打扮;自己穿衣 devote oneself to 致力于;献身于 help oneself to 随便吃/用 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 seat oneself 就座;入席 make oneself at home 别客气 teach oneself 自学 考点二 it的用法 1.基本用法 指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等,也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象,还可以指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。 The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it. 由于当地政府努力提高就业率,大城市的就业率不断上升。 2.it作形式主语和形式宾语的常用句型 it作形式主语 ①It is a pity/shame that... 真可惜…… ②It is no wonder that... 难怪…… ③It seems/appears that... 似乎/看来…… ④It looks/seems as if/as though... 看起来好像…… it作形式主语 ⑤It happens that... 碰巧…… ⑥It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that... 某人突然想起…… ⑦It is said/reported that... 据说/据报道…… ⑧It is certain that... ……是一定的 ⑨It is no use/good doing... 做……没有用/好处 ⑩It takes sb. some time to do... 做……花费某人若干时间 it作形式宾语 ①主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/...+it+adj./n.+for/of sb. to do/that从句 ②主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/...+it+useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy/...+doing... 考点三 不定代词 1.other,others,the other,another other 不能单独使用,常与复数名词连用,如果前面有the, some, any, each,every, no以及形容词性物主代词时,也可与可数名词单数连用。 others 表示泛指,相当于“other+复数名词”,可构成some...others...“一些……另一些……”。 the other “the other+单数可数名词”特指两者中的另一个,常有one...the other...“一个……另一个……”的搭配,其复数形式为the others或“the other+复数名词”,特指在某些人或物中,除去一部分后,其余的人或物。 another 指三者或三者以上中的另一个,表示泛指,后接单数名词,也可以用于“another+数词+名词复数”表示“另外几个……”的含义。 2.both, all, either, any, neither, none的用法      含义 范围      都 任一 都不 两者 both either neither 三者或三者以上 all any none [点拨] 固定搭配:anything but(根本不), nothing but(只不过;仅仅), all but(几乎;差一点), none but(仅仅;只有)。everything意为“每件事物;所有事物”,强调整体,与not连用时表示部分否定,意为“并不是所有事物都……”。 考点四 指示代词:one(s),that, those one(s) one代替的是前面提到的同类异物中的任何一个,相当于“a/an+单数名词”; ones用来代替前面出现的复数名词,也表泛指。 a/an+可数名词单数=one;the+可数名词单数=that/the one; the+不可数名词=that; the+可数名词复数=the ones/those; 可数名词复数=ones。 that 代替前面提到的同类异物中特指的事物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词单数,也可以是不可数名词,其前面通常不能有修饰语,但可以有后置定语。 those 代替前面提到的同类异物中特指的事物,只能指代可数名词复数,相当于the ones。 [点拨] 在文中为避免重复,one(s), that, those等都可以用来代替上文出现的名词。 【解题指导】 1.明确指代 在解答代词类题目时,应首先分析题干,明确代词所指代的对象,从而避免误判。具体来说应从以下几方面考虑: (1)代词所指代的对象是人还是物,与上文出现的人或物是同一个还是同一类,还要注意代词的人称和性别之分。 (2)代词所指代的对象是可数名词还是不可数名词,如果是可数名词,是单数还是复数。 (3)代词所指代的对象表示特指意义还是泛指意义。 【典例】 However,quite a few others,especially in the countryside,would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”. 答案 those  解析:分析句子结构可知,本空应填代词作a few others的同位语,指代前文表示复数概念的a few others,空后的介词短语作后置定语对其进行修饰,故应填指示代词those。 2.理清逻辑 要做出正确判断,还应分析句子之间的逻辑关系。具体来说应从以下几方面考虑: (1)代词表示的是一者、两者还是多于两者,即从代词表示的数量上入手。 (2)代词表示的是肯定意义还是否定意义。 (3)代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。 【典例】 It was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which of the parents spoke the language. 答案 neither  解析:由parents可知,空格处所填代词表示的是两者,又由语境可知空处表示否定含义,故用neither “两者都不”。 单句语法填空(近五年高考真题) 1. (2024全国甲卷)This area, with (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park. 答案its 解析:考查代词。句意:这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园保护好,为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。 2.(2024全国甲卷改编)Last week, I saw a program about Chongqing hotpot on TV. I was curious but planned a special one-day trip there with a friend of (I). 答案mine 【解析】考查代词。句意:我很好奇,和我的一个朋友计划了一个特别的一日游。a friend of mine我的一个朋友。介词of后接是名词性物主代词作宾语。故填mine。 3. (2024浙江1月卷)Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well. 答案ones 解析:考查代词。句意:谁知道呢,也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸,并提供特别优惠。代词one意为“一个人”,在some of后应用复数形式。故填ones。 4.(2024天津3月卷改编)I really want to go to a place for the summer vacation, ________ especially with beautiful scenery and unique culture. 答案one 详解:考查代词辨析。句意:我真的很想去一个地方过暑假,一个特别美丽的风景和独特的文化。此处表示泛指过暑假的地方,one指代的刚提到过的同一类人或物。故填one。 5. (2024九省联考卷)However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and they can feel proud of (they). 答案themselves 解析:考查代词。句意:然而,他认为,用钢笔练习可以帮助学生集中注意力,写得更快,他们可以为自己感到自豪。根据空格前的介词of可知,空格处应填代词作宾语,根据句意“他们自己”应用themselves。故填themselves。 6.(2023新课标I卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of (they) contents. 答案their 解析:考查代词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 7.(2023全国甲卷改编)In that class, Miss Zhao, our biology teacher, showed (we) insects on stamps. 答案us 解析:考查代词。句意:在那节课上,我们的生物老师赵老师给我们看了邮票上的昆虫。作动词show的宾语,应用宾格us。故填us。 8.(2023全国乙卷改编)Last Friday my mom decided to color (she) hair. 答案her 解析:考查代词。句意:上周五,我妈妈决定染头发。此处指“我妈妈染她的头发”,应用代词her。故填her。 9.(2022北京卷)Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ____________ (they), they get takeout or order delivery. 答案themselves 解析:考查反身代词。句意:因为人们不能总是在外面吃饭或者为他们自己做饭,所以他们叫外卖或者叫外卖。空处在句中作介词for的宾语,当主语和宾语为同一物时,宾语要用反身代词。所以此处要用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 10.(2022全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening ____________ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea. 答案its 解析:考查代词。句意:在开幕式上,中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌,开启了它的第一个展览:大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 11.(2021新课标I卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____________ (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to 答案mine 解析:考查代词。上文提到“in the visitor’s memory”,此处相当于“in my memory”,所以用mine代替my memory。 12.(2021全国乙卷)Ecotourism has ____________ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept until the late 1980s. 答案its 解析句意:生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知,此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。 13.(2021浙江卷)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ____________ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order. 答案herself 解析:考查代词。句意:她非常漂亮,她的房子是她自己的写照,一切都很有品位,井井有条。根据句意可知,此处意为“她自己”,可知此处考查反身代词;提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。 14.(2020新课标卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine ____________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest. 答案themselves 解析:考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。 15.(2020全国I卷)Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ____________ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 答案its 解析:考查代词。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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语法精讲专题04 代词 - 2025届高考英语一轮复习语法精讲精练
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语法精讲专题04 代词 - 2025届高考英语一轮复习语法精讲精练
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语法精讲专题04 代词 - 2025届高考英语一轮复习语法精讲精练
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