Unit 1　When was it invented？ 学案 2024-2025学年英语鲁教版九年级全一册

Unit 1　When was it invented？ Section A (1a-2d) 考点核心解读 考点1.pleasure n. 高兴;愉快 考点解读 pleasure常用于以下两种搭配: (1)It’s a pleasure./My pleasure.是用来回答感谢的常用语,意为“不客气”; (2)With pleasure.表示客气地接受或同意,意为“乐意效劳”。 【辨析】 please/pleasure/pleased/pleasant 单词 词性 含义 用法 please 动词 使…… 满意 please sb.使某人满意;取悦某人 pleasure 名词 高兴; 愉快 常用于情景交际中,如:It’s a pleasure./With pleasure.等 pleased 形容词 高兴的; 满意的 主语只能是人,常用于固定短语be pleased with,意为“对……满意” pleasant 形容词 令人愉 快的 用来修饰事物,不能修饰人 *With pleasure! 乐意效劳!(教材P2) 语用迁移 汉译英:我们在乡下度过了愉快的一天。 We spent a pleasant day in the countryside.  考点2.such det.&pron.如此;这样的 考点解读 (1)such意为“如此;这样的”,用来修饰名词,具体用法如下: ①such + a(n) +形容词+可数名词单数+that从句 ②such+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数+that从句 (2)so意为“如此;这样”,用来修饰形容词或副词。具体用法如下: ①so+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+that 从句 ②so+much/little+不可数名词+that 从句 so+many/few+可数名词复数+that 从句 ③so+形容词/副词+that 从句 *Is it really such a great invention? 它真的是一项如此伟大的发明吗?(教材P2) 语用迁移 用so或such填空。 ①I have never seen such a beautiful place before. ②I have never read so interesting a book. 考点3.mention v. 提到;说到 考点解读 (1)mention是及物动词,其后可以接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或that从句作宾语。 (2)Don’t mention it.常用于下面的交际情景: ①表示对感谢的应答,意为“不用谢;不客气”; ②表示对道歉的应答,意为“没关系”。 *For example, it mentioned that the zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893. 例如,它提到拉链是惠特科姆·贾德森在1893年发明的。(教材P2) *Don’t mention it.不用谢。/没关系。 语用迁移 ①(2023·泰安质检)His name was mentioned several times at the meeting. ②I don’t like reading, not to mention doing (do) that at night. 特别说明:选择题加阴影的选项为正确答案 课时　分层演练 【A层 基础练】 Ⅰ.根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词 1.The telephone was invented in 1876. 2.The computer is such a great invention.It has changed the world greatly. 3.The computer is used widely in our daily lives. 4.My sister likes to wear shoes with high heels. 5.The useful websites provide lots of vocabulary for everyone. 6.We should learn from the pioneers(先锋). 7.This kind of zipper(拉链)is very beautiful. 8.Do you like to eat ice-cream with scoops(勺子)? 9.All the clerks are busy with the same project(项目). 10.(2023·泰安质检)Was my name mentioned (提及) in his letter? Ⅱ.用方框中所给词的适当形式填空 style, please, list, make, electric 1.All the students in the classroom were doing their homework when the electricity was off. 2.Different styles of clothes are on sale in The Red Star Clothes Store. 3.It’s a pleasure to know my parents will take me to Chengdu for a visit, and I look forward to it. 4.The blender is used for making a banana milk shake. 5.Would you mind listing the names of visitors for me so that I can prepare enough food? Ⅲ.完成句子 1.我能想出一个有用的发明。 I can think of a useful invention. 2.他的话好像有道理。 What he says seems to have a point. 3.这是一项很好的发明,我想知道是谁发明的。 It’s such a nice invention that I’m wondering who invented it. 4.带着特别的鞋跟的鞋子用来改变鞋子的样式。 The shoes with special heels are used for changing the style of shoes. 5.(2023·泰安质检改编)——你能帮我把这个箱子搬到六楼吗? ——很愿意帮忙,没问题。 —Could you do me a favor and take the box up to the sixth floor? —With pleasure.No problem at all. 6.她是一位如此好的医生,每个人都尊敬她。 She is so good a doctor that everyone respects her. 7.——非常感谢你的帮助。 ——别客气。 —Thank you so much for your help. —Don’t mention it. 【B层 能力练】 Ⅳ.阅读理解 (2023·济南期中) A Bright Idea Evans Wadongo was from a village of Africa.He had to do homework by the light of a kerosene lamp (煤油灯).Evans’ eyes hurt and this made studying difficult.It was common in his village.Many children left school for this reason,so they remained poor for the rest of their lives. Although studying was difficult,Evans was an excellent student and went to a university.He continued to worry about the kerosene lamp.By this time,he realized it was not just bad for school children but for the whole family.First,it can cause illnesses such as coughs.Also,the light can hurt people’s eyes.Besides,it can lead to fires.Lastly,kerosene is expensive,so families have less money for food.It was difficult to come up with a different kind of lamp that was cheap and good for the environment.Yet Evans did not give up. One day,he had an idea.He could use a small solar (太阳能的) light.Sunlight is free and solar power is good for the environment.Evans built his first solar lamp,and it worked.He began to build more lamps and sent them to local families.An organization heard about this and provided money for him to build more solar lamps. Each lamp only cost$20.However,this was a lot of money to many villagers,who only earned$34 a week,so Evans made sure he kept the cost down.First,Evans used recycled materials.Next,volunteers built the lamps.Finally,people from many countries gave away money to his team,so the lamps were usually free. Thousands of people had safe light.Julia,a mother of three,said, “Thanks to Evans,my children have light to read,and I have my own light to cook.” The solar lamps made a big difference. 1.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A.Leaving school. B.Doing homework. C.Having eye problems. D.Having a bright idea. 2.How many problems about kerosene lamps are mentioned according to Paragraph 2? A.6.　　 B.5.　　 C.4.　　 D.3. 3.Put the following information into correct order according to the passage. a.Evans went to a university. b.Thousands of people had safe light. c.His first solar lamp was invented. d.Kerosene lamps hurt Evans’ eyes. e.Recycled materials were used in the solar lamps. f.People from many countries gave away money to Evans’ team. A.d-a-c-e-f-b B.d-f-b-a-e-c C.a-d-f-e-c-b D.a-e-c-d-f-b 4.Why does the writer give Julia’s example in Paragraph 5? A.To share Julia’s experience. B.To show Evans’ influence. C.To describe Evans’ feelings. D.To introduce Evans’ invention. 5.What is Evans like according to the passage? A.Polite,talented and humorous. B.Quiet,smart and honest. C.Humorous,clever and friendly. D.Hard-working,loving and creative. 【词汇积累】 hurt /hɜːt/ 　　　v.伤害;(使)疼痛,受伤 continue /kənˈtɪnjuː/ v.(停顿后)继续,再开始;持续 illness /ˈɪlnəs/ n.病;(身体或精神上的)疾病 environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n.环境;生态环境;自然环境 local /ˈləʊk(ə)l/ adj.地方的;本地的;当地的 organization /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n.组织;机构;安排;团体 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1　When was it invented？ Section A (3a-3c) 文本脉络梳理 答案:1.a drink　2.a tea plant　3.a nice smell　4.were grown　5.tea leaves　6.England 7.the popularity 　8.Western countries 考点核心解读 考点1.smell n.气味 v.发出……气味;闻到 考点解读 (1)smell的用法 名词 不可数名词,意为“气味”,但表示“某一种味道”时,用作可数名词 动词 连系动词,意为“闻起来”,常接形容词作表语 及物动词,意为“闻到”,后接名词或代词 【提醒】 smell的过去式为smelt/smelled,过去分词为smelt/smelled。 (2)taste的用法 名词 可数名词,意为“味道”;不可数名词,意为“滋味,味觉” 动词 及物动词,意为“品尝” 连系动词,意为“尝起来”,后接形容词作表语 感官动词 实义/连系动词(译为) look 看;看起来 sound 作响;听起来 smell 闻到;闻起来 taste 品尝;尝起来 feel 感觉到;摸起来 记忆口诀:眼耳口鼻手,感动要形容。 解析:五个感官动词对应人的五种感觉器官,即眼睛、耳朵、嘴巴、鼻子、手,感官动词后面加形容词。 *It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water.它散发出很香的气味所以他尝了一口这棕色的水。(教材P3) *The dish smells nice.饭菜闻起来很香。 *As soon as we opened the door, we could smell the gas. 我们一打开门,就闻到了煤气的味道。 *These dishes have different tastes. 这些菜有不同的味道。 *The fish tastes delicious. 鱼肉尝起来美味可口。 语用迁移 ①The food looked bad, but it 　　　OK.  A.is tasted　　　　　　　B.tasted C.was tasted D.taste ②—Do you like the flower? —Yes, it 　　　sweet.  A.is smelling B.smells C.smelt D.is smelt ③These apples sell well because they look 　　　.  A.nicely B.nicer C.nice D.bad 考点2.take place 发生;出现 考点解读 take place 表示“发生”,一般指必然会发生的事情;还可表示“举行某种活动” happen 指“偶然发生”时,主语为“事”;当主语是“人”时,意为“碰巧”。 常用搭配:happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 *The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century. 从中国到西方国家的茶叶贸易发生在19世纪。(教材P3) *The film festival takes place in October. 电影节于十月举行。 *A traffic accident happened in this street last night. 昨晚,这条街上发生了一起交通事故。 语用迁移 ①—It’s reported that a new high-speed railway will be finished in recent years in our hometown. —Yes.Great changes　　　 since I worked here.  A.will take place　　　 B.were taken place C.have taken place D.took place ②目前,我碰巧正在做一个类似的项目。 I happen to be working on a similar project at the moment. ③昨天晚上发生了什么?(汉译英) What happened last night?  考点3.doubt n.疑惑;疑问 v.怀疑 考点解读 (1)作名词,意为“疑惑;疑问”。“毫无疑问”常用短语without doubt表示,可与There is no doubt that...句型互换。 (2)作动词,意为“怀疑;不相信”,后面可以直接跟名词或代词作宾语。 *Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.虽然现在很多人都了解茶文化,但中国人无疑是最了解茶本质的人。(教材P3) *If there is any doubt,you had better make certain. 如果有什么疑问,你最好弄清楚。 *We have no reason to doubt him. 我们没有理由怀疑他。 语用迁移 ①毫无疑问,你的选择是最好的。 Without doubt, your choice is the best. ②我怀疑他们能否游过河去。 I doubt whether they can swim across the river. ③毫无疑问约翰最终赢得了比赛。 There is no doubt that John won the match at last. 课时　分层演练 【A层 基础练】 Ⅰ.用括号中所给词的适当形式填空 1.You can see lots of national(nation) flags flying over the square. 2.These university students are busy helping to spread the popularity (popular) of environmental protection. 3.My mom is always the first to get(get) up.  4.Cola was an accidental(accident) invention. 5.Tea is one of the most popular drinks(drink) in the world. 6.Drinking boiled(boil) water is good for our health. 7.The dish has a strange taste(taste) so I decide to throw it away. 8.Shun is one of the rulers(rule) in Chinese history. 9.He remained(remain) in Beijing for a week because of the meeting. 10.Our country traded(trade) in many products with many other countries last year. Ⅱ.单项选择 1.They have been in our school for 　　　.  A.some time B.sometime C.some times D.sometimes 2.Let’s keep all the windows open.The 　　　in the office is really terrible.  A.style B.shape C.smell D.space 3.He is an honest boy.I have no reason to 　　　what he said.  A.hear B.doubt C.repeat D.believe 4.On the way to the park, I met an old friend of mine 　　　.We hadn’t seen each other for nearly twenty years.  A.by mistake B.by the way C.by far D.by accident 5.—It’s too late.I have to go now. —Oh, it’s raining outside.Don’t leave 　　　it stops.  A.since B.until C.when D.after Ⅲ.完成句子 1.据说微笑是可以传播给其他人的。 It is said that smiling spreads to other people. 2.上周我偶然找到了我丢失的书。 I found my lost book by accident last week. 3.直到昨天晚上12点,我才做完作业。 I didn’t finish my homework until12 o’clock last night. 4.茶被带到了朝鲜和日本。 Tea was brought to Korea and Japan. 5.一百年以后,中国将发生什么样的巨大变化? What great changes will take place in China in a hundred years? 【B层 能力练】 Ⅳ.综合填空 阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的单词填空。有两个单词为多余选项。 computer, lives, useful, sending, work, controlled, safer, with, to Since computers were invented in the US in the 1940s, they have become very important in many areas of work and leisure.There is no doubt that computers are very 1.useful in technology and business.In space, computers have been used to control the speed and direction of a spaceship.2.With the help of computers, doctors can find diseases easily and solve other problems.For example, tiny computers which are inside patients’ bodies can keep their hearts beating normally.In factories, robots are 3.controlled by computers that are like human beings.They can do work that is dangerous to humans.In business, computers are used to place and cancel orders.They are also making the workplace 4.safer and better.  Since the Internet came into being, people’s 5.lives at home have been changed, too.More and more people have used computers to play games and watch movies.Thanks 6.to the Internet, people can do shopping and do business at home.Instead of writing letters on paper, people communicate by 7.sending e-mails and chatting online.The whole world is connected.The Internet is making the world smaller, like a village.  Ⅴ.完形填空 阅读下面短文,从每小题A、B、C、D中选出一个能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳答案。 (2024·淄博中考模拟) Electric vehicles (电动汽车) have been around for more than a hundred years.But they have really been liked by a large number of people 　1　 the past ten years.More than three million all-electric cars and trucks are now on the road worldwide.  Helping the Environment Most cars run on petrol (汽油).Burning petrol and other fossil fuels (化石燃料) produces greenhouse gases (气体).Electric vehicles don’t burn petrol.　2　, strong batteries (电池) run their electric engines (引擎).So, electric vehicles 　3　 produce greenhouse gases.  Poop(粪便) Power Electric vehicles are better for the environment.But they are not perfect.Their batteries often use electricity 　4　 was made by burning fossil fuels.But an electric vehicle uses 　5　 energy than a vehicle that runs on petrol.Besides, some of the electricity comes from “greener” sources (来源), 　6　 wind power.And some may soon come from a new source—cow poop! An electric car company has worked together with a large farm.They plan to make 　7　 from cow poop.  Always Improving One of the problems for electric vehicles is their limited range(有限的范围).This is 　8　 they can travel before their batteries need another charge (充电).But now their range is improving.Some new electric vehicles can travel almost three times 　9　 as older ones did.Another problem is finding a place to recharge the batteries.But the number of charging stations 　10　 also going up.In Sweden, engineers have even designed (设计) a road that will charge electric vehicles as they drive along.  1.A.to　　　 B.since　　C.at　　　D.in 2.A.Although B.So C.Instead D.Also 3.A.hardly B.often C.usually D.always 4.A.when B.that C.where D.what 5.A.more B.fewer C.less D.worse 6.A.such as B.more than C.close to D.full of 7.A.food B.electricity C.money D.trouble 8.A.how far B.how much C.how often D.how many 9.A.farther B.far C.so far D.as far 10.A.was B.am C.is D.are 【词汇积累】 burn /bɜːn/ 　　　　v.燃烧 perfect /ˈpɜːfɪkt/ adj.完美的;最佳的 /pəˈfekt/ vt.使完善;使完美;使完备 improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ v.改善;改进 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1　When was it invented？ Section A (Grammar Focus-4c) 语法精讲细练 一般过去时的被动语态 【语法解读】 (一)含义及构成 　　一般过去时的被动语态表示主语是过去某个动作的承受者,谓语动词由“was/were + 动词的过去分词”构成。 (二)句式结构 句式 结构 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 (+ by...). 否定句 主语 + was/were not + 过去分词 (+by...). 一般疑 问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by...)? 特殊疑 问句 特殊疑问词 + was/were+主语+过去分词 (+by...)? (三)含双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态的方法 1.buy,give,leave,lend,offer,pay,show,teach,tell等变为被动语态 (1)把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语,直接宾语(指事物)保留下来,称为保留宾语; (2)把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语,间接宾语(指人)改为由介词to或for引导的宾语。 比较: *He gave her some money. →She was given some money by him. →Some money was given to her by him. *He bought her a watch. →She was bought a watch by him. →A watch was bought for her by him. 2.bring,do,make,pass,sell,send,sing,write等变被动语态,通常用直接宾语(指事物)作被动语态的主语,将间接宾语(指人)用作保留宾语,其前根据情况用介词to或for。 *Father made me a doll. →A doll was made for me by Father. *He wrote her a letter. →A letter was written to her by him. 【语法精练】 Ⅰ.同义句转换 1.They will build a new library at the beginning of next year. A new library will be built at the beginning of next year. 2.We saw them play football just now. They were seen to play football just now. 3.Our government takes good care of the old people without children. The old people without children are taken good care of by our government. 4.The teacher didn’t leave the classroom until the students handed in the papers. The teacher didn’t leave the classroom until the papers were handed in. 5.Our English teacher wrote some words on the blackboard. Some words were written on the blackboard by our English teacher. 6.They gave the visitors a warm welcome. The visitors were given a warm welcome by them. 7.He had not thrown the bad food away. The bad food had not been thrown away by him. 8.What does your mother often tell you to do? What are you often told to do by your mother? 9.He told me when the project would start. I was told by him when the project would start. 10.Everybody likes the cute girl. The cute girl is liked by everybody. Ⅱ.单项选择 1.The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it 　　　.  A.invents　　　　　B.invented C.is invented D.was invented 2.The Youth Sports Center 　　　on Zixiao Road last year.  A.built B.was built C.has built D.was building 3.After the boy’s homework　　　,he went out to play.  A.finished B.finishes C.was finished D.is finished 4.Last month,the little girl 　　　well enough by the neighbors while her parents were volunteering.  A.is cared for B.was cared for C.will be cared for D.cared for 5.UNICEF(联合国儿童基金会),part of the United Nations,　　　 in Europe in 1946 after the World War Ⅱ.  A.set up B.was set up C.took up D.was taken up 6. Train tickets　　　online.It is convenient.  A.sold B.were sold C.are sold D.have sold 7.Another bridge over the river　　　last year.  A.builds B.built C.is built D.was built 8.—What’s wrong with Dale? —He　　　with others in his class just now.He’s not happy about that.  A.is compared B.was compared C.compares D.compared 9.—Do you need any help? —No, thanks.We　　　a lot of support since last year.  A.have offered B.have been offered C.were offered D.were offering 10.—Our school sports meet　　　 next week.Which sport will you take part in?   —The long jump and the high jump.I’m good at jumping. A.holds B.held C.was held D.will be held Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成下列句子 1.他的发明被低价出售了。 His invention was sold at a low price. 2.所有学生离开后,教室被锁上了。 The classroom was locked after all the students left. 3.我被迫把整个事件再说了一遍。 I was made to repeat the whole matter. 4.他的小说被翻译成了英语。 His novel was translated into English. 5.茶在六七世纪传到了朝鲜和日本。 Tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1　When was it invented？ Section B (1a-2e) 文本脉络梳理 答案:1.floor　2.two　3.basket　4.James Naismith　5.December 21, 1891　6.Berlin 7.NBA games　8.CBA games　9.100 million　10.200 考点核心解读 考点1.by mistake错误的,无意的 考点解读 by mistake 指由于错误、疏忽或无意中做错了某事,只用作状语。在口语中,相当于do something accidentally or unintentionally。 【辨析】 by mistake和by accident二者的共同点是:都有偶然发生而并非刻意安排、有意为之的意思,区别是:中文意思不同,by mistake为错误地;by accident为偶然地;不经意地。 *Did you know potato chips were invented by mistake? 你知道薯条是无意中被发明的吗?(教材P5) *I took their books by mistake. 我错拿了他们的书。 语用迁移 ①She was badly burnt by accident(by mistake/by accident) when she went out with her grandparents. ②Sorry.I have taken your sports shoes by mistake(by mistake/by accident). 考点2.stop...from doing sth.阻止……做某事 考点解读 (1)stop...from doing sth.意为“阻止……做某事”,其中from在主动语态中可以省略。相当于keep/prevent...from doing sth.。 (2)stop to do sth.“停下来去做某事”,表示停止当前正在做的事去做另一件事。 (3)stop doing sth.“停止做某事”,表示停止正在做的事情。 *At the same time, they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.同时,他们需要阻止竞争队伍把球投到他们自己的篮筐里。(教材P6) *We have worked all day and we should stop to have a rest. 我们工作一天了,应该停下来休息一下。 *We’d better stop talking because our father is sleeping. 我们最好停止说话,因为我们的父亲正在睡觉。 语用迁移 ①She reached the top of the hill and stopped 　　　on a big rock by the side of the path.  A.to have rested　　　B.resting C.to rest D.rest ②I must stop smoking(smoke). ③Nobody can stop him learning(learn) the new language. 考点3.look up to钦佩;仰慕 考点解读 (1)look up to意为“钦佩;仰慕”;还可以表示“抬头看……”。 (2)其他常用的look短语 *Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them. 许多年轻人敬仰这些篮球英雄并且想成为像他们一样的人。(教材P6) *He is so short that he has to look up to his brother. 他是如此矮以至于他不得不抬头看他的哥哥。 语用迁移 ①许多孩子敬佩医生和护士,因为他们能挽救生命。 Many children look up to doctors and nurses because they save lives. ②我一直很敬佩我的祖父。 My grandfather is someone I have always looked up to. 课时　分层演练 【A层 基础练】 Ⅰ.根据句意及汉语或首字母提示完成单词 1.You can take a basket (篮子)with you if you go shopping.Don’t use too many plastic bags. 2.The thirty-first Olympics (奥林匹克运动会) was held in Brazil in 2016. 3.In 1936 in Berlin, basketball became an event at the Olympics. 4.The restaurant offers good service to all its customers. 5.It took me nearly two hours to get there to meet her. Ⅱ.用括号中所给词的适当形式填空 1.The doctors and nurses who are fighting against the disease are real heroes (hero) in my heart. 2.Montreal is the only Canadian (Canada) city which has held the Summer Olympics. 3.The noodles taste too salty (salt) for me.I don’t like them. 4.My brother wants to be a professional (profession) ping-pong player. 5.You should stop those people polluting(pollute) the river right now. Ⅲ.完成句子 1.玛丽误把我的伞拿走了。 Mary took my umbrella by mistake. 2.不但李磊而且他的父母都喜欢打乒乓球。 Not only Li Lei but also his parents enjoy playing table tennis. 3.我们应该阻止人们过度砍伐树木。 We should stop/prevent people from cutting down too many trees. 4.李明下定决心努力学习来实现他的梦想。 Li Ming made up his mind to study hard to achieve his dream(s). 5.我看见两个男孩同时站起来。 I saw two boys rising to their feet at the same time. 6.我时常梦想成为一名律师。 I often dream of becoming a lawyer. 7.老师把学生们分成了4组。 The teacher divided the students into 4 groups. 8.人们相信“有志者事竟成。” It’s believed that “Where there is a will, there is a way.” 9.这个学校的学生数量大约是2 100人。 The number of the students in this school is about 2,100. 10.很多父母经常鼓励孩子努力学习。 Many parents often encourage their children to study hard.  【B层 能力练】 Ⅳ.任务型阅读 　　3.The first newspapers were written by hand and put up on walls in public places. The earliest daily newspaper was started in Rome in 59 BC.In the 700’s the world’s first printed newspaper was published.Europe didn’t have a regularly published newspaper until 1609, when one was started in Germany.  The first regularly published newspaper in the English language was printed in Amsterdam in 1620.In 1621, an English newspaper was started in London and was published once a week.The first daily English newspaper was The Daily Courant(《每日新闻》).It came out in March 1702. In 1690, Benjamin Harris printed the first American newspaper in Boston.But not long after it was first published, the government stopped the paper.In 1704, John Campbell started The Boston News-Letter (《波士顿新闻信》), the first newspaper published in the American colonies.By 1760, the colonies had more than thirty daily newspapers.There are now about 1,800 daily papers in the United States. Today,as a group,4.English language newspapers have the largest circulation (发行量) in the world.But the largest circulation for a newspaper is that of the Japanese newspaper Asahi Dhimbun (《朝日新闻》).It sells more than eleven million copies every day.  根据短文内容简要回答问题。 1.When did the first daily newspaper come out? In 59 BC.  2.Where was the first regularly published newspaper in Europe printed? In Germany.  将短文中画线的句子翻译成汉语。 3.最早的报纸是手写的并被张贴在公共场所的墙上。 4.世界上发行量最大的报纸是英语报纸。 根据短文内容拟一个标题。 5.How the newspaper was started and developed  Ⅴ.阅读理解 (2023·东营质检) 　　What are you holding in your hand while you are taking the examination? Right.A pen. Though it is small, the pen has changed the history, improved the trade of countries, recorded events, carried news, and done far more work for human beings than all other tools. Progress without it would have been almost impossible.The invention of the wheels, the introduction of steam engine, the use of electricity, all these have changed the lives of millions of people, but the pen has done more.It has taken away mountains, and it has prepared the way for all progress and development of the society. In the past, the pen did all the work if you wanted to keep any writing for some time.The lawyers took up their pens and wrote the law of the country from the days when papyrus(纸莎草纸) was first used.The most famous letters in the world were written with a pen.It was with a pen that the greatest thinkers of all time wrote down their thoughts. The pen is very utilitarian.We cannot sign a bill,write a letter or buy a house without our pen.An agreement is worthless till our names are written with a pen.The writers encourage the world with it.The students take their examinations with it as well. Our coming into the world is recorded with a pen.Before we have been at school, our names are written on the name list with a pen.We cannot be married till we have signed.A pen records the important events in our life. Let us remember that we hold in our hand the most powerful instrument which man owns.The pen is a magic tool.Whenever you use it, enjoy it. 1.What is the writer trying to do in this passage? A.Describe what a pen looks like. B.Introduce the history of the pen. C.Advise people to prepare a new pen. D.Show the importance of the pen. 2.The underlined word “mountains” in the third paragraph refers to(指代) “something to 　　　”.  A.explain the use of electricity B.lower the students’ scores C.stop the social development D.change the law of the country 3.The lawyers started to write the law of the country 　　　.  A.before their thoughts were changed B.when papyrus was first used C.as soon as they recorded their names D.after they took an important exam 4.The underlined word “utilitarian” in the fifth paragraph means “　　　” .  A.cheap　B.boring　C.special　D.useful 5.What is the best title for this passage? A.A Powerful Tool B.An Important Law C.A Valuable Record D.An Exciting Event 【词汇积累】 steam engine /stiːmˈendʒɪn/　 蒸汽机 society /səˈsaɪəti/ n.社会 powerful /ˈpaʊəfl/ adj.强有力的 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1　When was it invented？ Section B (3a-3b) 写作素养进阶 主题分析——指明方向 主题:人与社会之科学与技术,涉及子主题“人类发明与创新” 内容:介绍某项发明的历史或用途 要求:正确使用一般过去时的被动语态 典例研磨——示范引领 根据下面的提示内容,写一篇有关纸的改良历史的英语短文。 内容提示: 1.世界上原来没有纸,人们在石头或者木片、竹简上写字;2.中国的蔡伦改良了纸张,他教会人们用各种废料来造纸;3.纸张的改良推动了人类文明的进步,人们会永远记住这位伟大的发明家。 要求:不得逐字翻译内容提示,可适当增加细节,使短文更加连贯。 Step 1　三定审题 1.定人称:第三人称为主 2.定时态:一般现在时和一般过去时为主 3.定核心:纸的改良历史 Step 2　谋篇布局 Step 3　润色成篇 　　About two thousand years ago, there was no paper in the world.People used to carve characters on wood, stone or bamboo slip.① The ①介绍没有纸人们是如何写字的。 续表 rich people wrote on silk or sheepskin. A Chinese inventor named Cai Lun tried his best to improve paper②.He taught people to make paper from waste materials like bark, used cloth and fishing nets.In the year around 105, paper of good quality was finally invented.It could be used for writing③. After the improvement,books became more and more popular all around the world④.The improvement of paper is very important in the development of human civilization.Cai Lun is a great inventor and we should remember him all the time.⑤ ②try one’s best表达了蔡伦的努力程度。 ③be used for意为“被用来……”,表达纸的用途。 ④采用more and more popular,增强了表达效果。 ⑤利用we should remember him all the time表达个人情感。 实战写作——迁移创新 某公司为了开发一款适合中学生在课后学习英语的APP邀请你一起参与设计,请根据以下提示用英语向该公司介绍你的构想。 名称 Happy English Learning 内容 英语类的新闻、电影、歌曲、游戏等 游戏的好处 1.便于和同学一起学习 2.帮助学生扩大词汇量 3.有利于提高英语听力技能 4.自主发挥至少一点 其他方面 自主发挥至少一点 要求:1.必须包括提示内容,可以适当发挥; 2.词数不少于90词; 3.文中不准出现真实的地名和人名。 Here is my design for the new APP. ___________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Here is my design for the new APP.It’s named Happy English Learning.This APP includes English news,English movies,English songs,English games and so on. It can make it easy for students to study together.It is true that vocabulary is very important in English study.Students can enlarge the English vocabulary by using this APP.The English listening skills can be improved.They can also practice their spoken English by singing English songs and watching English films. In a word,students can have fun learning English by using this APP.I think the new APP should be suitable for students of different ages. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1　When was it invented？ 单元语篇提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2023·淄博期末) 　　A human-like robot is helping researchers touch shipwrecks (沉船) up to 1 kilometer under water—without getting wet. OceanOneK is a 1.5-meter-long robot that has a human-like head and arms,while its thrusters(推进器) let it move carefully in the water.Its two camera eyes let a scientist on the surface see with human-like 3D vision (视觉),while a touch-based feedback(反馈)system lets the scientist feel what the robot is touching as if (好像) they were holding them in their own hands.This allows OceanOneK to touch ancient tools with the skill and care of a human diver(潜水员). Even when “deep” diving,human divers usually won’t go more than 40 meters down.And while the world record for the deepest dive is just over 332 meters.OceanOneK’s body is made with a special material that allows it to withstand(承受) underwater pressure 100 times what humans experience. The robot has already been able to search several places that would be too deep for human divers.These include a second-century Roman ship at 334 meters,where OceanOneK successfully brought back several 1,800-year-old oil lamps (灯).And the Italian ship Francesco Crispi now sits under 500 meters of water. Stanford professor Khatib,who used the robot,said, “I’d never experienced anything like that in my life.I’m the one who touched the Francesco Crispi at 500 meters.”Khatib hopes OceanOneK can help humans research space in the future too. 1.What can we learn about OceanOneK according to Paragraph 2? A.It has human-like arms and legs. B.It can move on the surface carefully. C.Its eyes make scientists see with human-like 3D vision. D.Its system can’t make scientists feel as if they are touching things. 2.How does the writer explain his ideas about the deep dive of OceanOneK? A.By telling a story. B.By having a discussion. C.By comparing opinions. D.By listing numbers. 3.What does Khatib think of OceanOneK? A.Doubtful.　　　　B.Hopeful. C.Funny. D.Worried. 4.Where can we probably read the passage? A.In a novel. B.In a travel guide. C.In a storybook. D.In a magazine. Ⅱ.阅读还原 　　Death Valley is a huge place.It is more than 225 kilometers across the southern part of the state of California, and across the border (边界) with the state of Nevada. 1.　D　 It can be dangerously cold during the winter months.The air temperature during the summer can be as high as 57℃.The heat of Death Valley has killed people in the past.It will continue to kill those who do not honor the climate.Death Valley does not forgive (原谅) those who are not careful.  Death Valley was named by a woman in 1849.2.　E　 Thousands of people from other parts of the country traveled to the gold mining (开采) areas in California.They were in a hurry to get there before other people did.  Many people were not careful.They made bad choices or wrong decisions.One group of people had reached Death Valley by December.They avoided the terrible heat of summer, but there was not enough water.There were few plants for their work animals to eat.The people could not find a pass through the tall mountains to the west of the valley.3.　A　 They had to kill their work animals for food and began to walk out of the valley.  As they left, one woman looked back and said, “Goodbye, death valley.” 4.　C　  A.Slowly, they ran out of food. B.Death Valley has a long history. C.The name has never been changed. D.Death Valley is a beautiful but dangerous place. E.That was the year after gold was discovered in California. Ⅲ.综合填空 (2024·淄博模拟) 　　根据短文内容,选择适当的单词填空,使短文意思完整。每个选项只用一次,有两项剩余。 first　ways　feel　more　been　slowly　into keeping　made　most　longer　their They weigh almost nothing, yet they are stronger than steel.In fact, some spiders’ webs are among the world’s strongest materials, and they can be pulled 1.longer than elastic (橡皮筋).They can also be 2.made into different shapes.Spiders have hundreds of small openings (开口) in 3.their bodies.Silk comes out of these openings as liquid (液体), and then it becomes thread-like (像线一样) when it reaches the air.Spiders can make many different kinds of threads.They can be thick or thin, wet or dry, or sticky (黏性的).Each kind has a different purpose.Some webs create an egg box.Others provide hiding places.The 4.most common purpose of spiders’ webs, however, is to catch food. There are many 5.ways a spider can use to catch food using its web.For example, some spiders produce a single thread.An insect then sits on it without realizing what it is doing, and becomes stuck.6.Slowly, the spider moves towards the insect.Suddenly, it covers its food in silk. Some spiders use a different kind of trick.They make webs that cheat insects.At 7.first, an insect sees the web and thinks it is a flower.It then lands on the web.The spider can 8.feel even the smallest movement of the web, and rushes at the insect before it can get away. Spiders’ webs are so amazing that engineers have studied them for years.They want to learn why they are so strong and elastic.However, for the moment, spiders are 9.keeping their secrets.Although they have made great progress in science and technology, humans have not 10.been able to copy natural webs till now. Ⅳ.任务型阅读 The biggest model railway in Britain For some people, sharing their hobbies with a new boyfriend or girlfriend can be a nerve-racking (伤脑筋的) experience.One man in Britain, for example, was worried that his new girlfriend might dump him if she found out he was in the process of building the biggest model railway in the country. So, instead of telling her, he kept the large model hidden in the basement (地下室) of a building.He told his girlfriend he had rented it to store wine in. Simon George said he didn’t want to share his hobby with his girlfriend, Marie. “I met Marie about two years ago.I led her to believe I was a wine merchant,” he said.“It sounded better than saying I was building a model railway, which usually sends women running.She came down to the basement one day and said, ‘Where’s all the wine?’ I told her the truth.She has an art degree, so she liked the model.” After years of work, Simon George has finished the model train set with 1 kilometer of tracks. Fifty-three-year-old businessman Simon George spent eight years and ￡250,000 building the model, which is based on a 2.4-kilometer section (段) of railway tracks in Yorkshire that he would visit as a child.The model is designed to look the way the area did in 1983.George looked at about 500 photographs of the railway that were taken at that time to make sure that everything in his model was correct.He even found a photo of himself watching a train there as a child, which he has included in the model. The finished model is 61 meters long, with 1,000 meters of tracks going across it.George says he has been told by railway magazines that his model is the largest in Britain, but he did not build it to break any records. 1.Why did Simon dislike sharing his hobby with Marie? Because he was worried that Marie might dump him if she knew his hobby.  2.Where did Simon build his model railway? In the basement of a building.  3.What did Marie think of the model? She liked it.  4.How long did it take Simon to build his model railway? Eight years.  5.What does the passage mainly tell us? A British man built a model train set with 1 kilometer of tracks.  【词汇积累】 valley /ˈvæli/　　　　　n.山谷 climate /ˈklaɪmət/ n.气候 amazing /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ adj.(尤指)令人惊喜(或惊羡、惊叹)的 dump /dʌmp/ v.抛弃 rent /rent/ v. 租用;出租 merchant /ˈmɜːtʃənt/ n.商人 art degree 艺术学位 track /træk/ n.轨道 include /ɪnˈkluːd/ v.使成为……的一部分;包括 阶段巩固,请使用　“单元质量测评(一)” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$