Unit 3 重点基础+语法复习讲义 2023-2024学年牛津译林版英语八年级下册

Unit3 重点基础+语法复习讲义 8BU3重要单词的用法 1. mouse pl. mice/ mouses鼠标 click on the mouse 2.receive vt. 收到,接到 receives/ received/ receiving 3. Asia n. 亚洲 Asian n. 亚洲人 adj. 亚洲(人)的 In Asia e.g. He is from Asia. He is Asian. China is an Asian country. 4.Africa n. 非洲 African n. 非洲人 adj. 非洲(人)的 5. Europe n. 欧洲 Eastern Europe European n.欧洲人 adj.欧洲(人)的 _a_ European country _an_ old European country (a/an) 6. America n. 美洲 the USA the United States of America American n. 美国人 adj. 美国(人)的 7. world-famous adj. 世界著名的,举世闻名的 8. southern adj. 南方的,南部的 in the _south_(south) of China in the _southern_(south) part of China 9. relax vi 放松,休息 relaxes/ relaxed/ relaxing e.g. Listening to _relaxing_(relax) music makes you feel _relaxed_(relax). What a _relaxing_(relax) vacation! 10. dream vi./vt 做梦,梦想 dreams/ dreamt 或dreamed/ dreaming dream of/ about sth./doing sth. 梦想,想象 ,梦见做某事 in your dreams 用于口语中,意为“妄想,梦想”,表示希望的事情不可能发生。 11.mind vt./vi 介意 Never mind! —Do you mind (one’s) doing sth? — Certainly not. Of course not. Not at all. You’d better not. 下定决心做某事_make up one’s mind to do sth_ 12. pleasure n. 高兴, 乐意 My pleasure. = It’s my pleasure. 不客气。(回答道谢) With pleasure. 乐意效劳。(回答求助) pleased adj. 感到满意的 对...满意 be pleased with........ pleasant adj.令人满意的 13.look like 看起来像(指长相,即可指人也可指物) e.g. The man looks like our English teacher. The strange thing looks like a plate. 区分:What do/dose sb. look like? 问长相=How do/does sb. look? What be sb. like? 问品质 What do/does sb. like?问喜好 What do/does sb. look like?问外贸 14.chat(动词/名词) have a chat with sb.和某人聊天=chat with chat 现在分词:chatting 15.search v. 搜索,搜寻 search for =look for 搜寻,表示用极大的注意力去寻找人或事物 e.g. The policemen searched the thief but found nothing. They are searching for the child. search n. 搜寻,寻找 e.g.They went there in search of their lost dog. 固定搭配: search sb 搜某人身; search for sb/sth 搜寻某人/某物 search …for sb/sth 为了找到某人某物而搜查… 16.what...for?......为何目的,为何理由?=Why? What did you do that for?=Why did you do that? 17.introduce vt.介绍 introduce sb/sth to sb 把某人某物介绍给某人 introduce oneself to sb 向某人做自我介绍 introduction n. 介绍,说明 e.g.Tobacco was introduced into Europe from America. 18.choose v. 选择,挑选 choice n.选择 choose to do sth 选择做某事 choose sb to do sth 选择某人做某事 19.notice v. 注意到 notice sb doing sth 注意到某人在做某事 notice sb to do sth 注意到某人做了; notice n. 布告,通知,注意 take notice of 注意 20. see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事 (与notice用法相同) see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事(强调动作发生的全过程) 21.be famous for 因......而出名 =be known for be famous as 作为......而出名=be known as be famous to sb. 对于......很出名,被......所熟知=be known to 21.so much for sth.关于......就讲这么多,......到此为止 22.be filled with... 被......填满/充满 = be full of 23.more than 不止......,超过..... more than +数词 = over +数词 反义词less than 8BU3短语、句型 1. send and receive e-mails收发电子邮件 区分: receive客观(被动地)收到 accept主观接受 e.g. She has received his present, but she won’t accept it. 2. Wall Street, the world-famous trade centre, is here at southern end of Manhattan Island. 华尔街,世界著名的贸易中心, 在曼哈顿岛的南端。 1)trade “贸易” e.g. They may refuse the trade, even when they are offered attractive prices. 2) southern adj. 南方的, south n. 南方 3. Every year, thousands of people gather here on New Year’s Eve. 每年,在新年前夕,数以千计的人们聚集在这儿。 thousands of 数以千计, 表约数 e.g. Thousands of visitors go to the Great Wall every year. 数字+thousand 不加s, 表确数 e.g. There are about three thousand students in our school. hundred, thousand, million, billion用法相同 4.It’s exciting to see the huge glass ball falling through the darkness. 观看巨大的玻璃球在夜幕中徐徐落下真是令人激动。 exciting adj.令人激动的more~/most~ excited adj. (人)激动的 more~/most~ 5.With several lakes, hills and a large green lawn, it’s a good place to relax after a hard day’s work. 这里有一些湖泊、山丘和一大片草坪,是一个辛苦工作一天后放松休闲的好地方。 6.Click on it, pick another city and then start your new tour. 点击它,选择另外一座城市,然后开始你新的旅行。 pick vt. 挑选,采摘 Can you help me help me pick apples on the farm? pick up 捡起;搭载;恢复好转 pick out 挑选出,辨认出 7. Sydney is on south-east coast of Australia. 悉尼位于澳大利亚的东南海岸。 Australia n. 澳大利亚 Australian n. 澳大利亚人 adj. 澳大利亚(人)的 8. Australian seasons are the opposite of ours. 澳大利亚的季节与我们的相反。 1). opposite n. 对立的人(或物) e.g.She is tall and slim, but her husband is the complete opposite. 2). opposite adj. 相对的, 对立的 be opposite to… e.g.The library is opposite to the bus stop. The colours black and white are opposite. 8. Would you mind showing me how to start this online tour? Of course not. 你介意演示给我看如何开始这次网上旅行吗?当然不。 1) Would/Do you mind doing sth? 表示委婉请求 Would you mind showing my/me the way to the airport? 2) Would you mind one’s doing sth? 询问对方是否介意自己或别人做某事。 Do you mind if we attends the meeting?= Do you mind his/him attending the meeting? 3) Would/ Do you mind…? 回答 介意:You’d better not ./Certainly./Of course./I’m sorry, but....../I’m afraid.../I’d rather you wouldn’t./I wish you wouldn’t.. 不介意:Not at all. /Of course not. /Certainly not. 10. My pleasure.不用谢。 —Thanks very much for …. —My pleasure. —Can you help me …? —With pleasure. 11. The best time to visit the UK is from May to September because its winter is wet and cold. 参观英国的最佳时间是5月到9月,因为它冬季阴冷潮湿。 the best time to do sth. 做某事的最佳时间 e.g.The best time to go there is in spring. 12. It is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 它由英格兰,苏格兰, 苏格拉,威尔士和北爱尔兰组成。 be made up of…由……组成 be made of… 由……制成(看得见原材料) be made from …由……制成(看不出原材料) be made in +地点/时间 在某地制造 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 1)在完成时强调的是与现在的关系,对现在产生的结果或影响等,属于现在时范围,谈论的是现在的情况; 一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系,现在情况可能已发生变化。 2)时间状语的区别 时态 时间状语 一般过去时 yesterday, the other day (= a few days ago), last…, … ago, the day before yesterday, just now, in +过去时间 现在完成时 already, ever, just, recently, (not) yet, so far (迄今为止), up to now, till now, since, never, before 现在完成时五大句型: 1) It’s +一段时间+since…(或It has been +一段时间+since…) 2) This is the +形容词最高级+ 名词+ that +从句(从句用现在完成时) 3) Where have you been? 4) There have/ has been … e.g: There have been great changes to my hometown in the past two years. 5) It is the first / second/… time that+从句(从句用现在完成时) 注意:when不与现在完成时连用 特殊情况 1. 现在完成时强调的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响,所以若是过去发生的一个动作,现在情况已经发生的变化,则不用现在完成时,而用一般过去时。 e.g: I put my ruler in my pencil-box, but I can’t find it now. 2. 现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用, when后只用一般过去时表示已发生的动作。但现在完成时可与where, why等疑问词连用。 e.g: -The train has left. -When did the train leave? e.g: Where have you been? 综合练习(三) 一、单项选择 1.Nearly 60 million Chinese watched the opening ceremony of the Hangzhou Asain Games online _the night of 23 September, 2023. A.on B.in C.at D./ 2.She failed the college entrance examination, so she doesn’t feel like_. A.to eat anything B.eating anything C.eating something D.to eat something 3.—Have you heard that a classical piano concert will be held in June in Chengdu? —_ exciting news it is! A.How B.What an C.What D.What a 4.Though Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, _ for one year, we will never forget the contribution he made. A.died B.has died C.has been dead D.was dead 5.—Another three Chinese astronauts have arrived in Tiangong space station. When will they come back? —Not until their task _ in six months. A.finishes B.will finish C.will be finished D.is finished 6.—It’s raining harder and harder, and it’s too late. —That’s true. _, we must send the donations to the hospital on time. A.Moreover B.Otherwise C.Instead D.Anyway 7.—How do you find your online tour to the Nanjing Museum? —Fantastic! I think it’s _ I have ever had. A. an amazing experience B.a more boring experience C.the most amazing experience D.the most boring experience 8.—How is your DIY course? —You know, it’s hard for me, but I’ll never _ because of the coming Culture and Art Festival. A.give it up B.hand it out C.put it out D.turn it up 9.—Planting more trees is good for our city. —Of course. Trees can _ dust and help keep the air clean. A.reuse B.recycle C.reduce D.return 10.—It’s said that we’ll have Labor Course next term. —Great! _. A.It’s my pleasure B.You’ve done a good job C.It doesn’t matter to me D.I can’t wait to attend it 二、完形填空 There was a man who had four sons. He hoped that his sons could learn not to judge(评判)things too 11 . So he sent them to a very far place, asking them to go and look at a pear tree during different seasons. The eldest son went out in winter, the second in spring, the third in summer, and the 12 in autumn. When all of them returned home, the father called them together, and let them 13 what they saw. The first son said the tree was ugly and there was 14 there. The second son said the tree was covered with 15 buds(芽儿)and was full of hope. The third son didn’t have the same idea 16 his two brothers, saying that it was filled with 17 . He told them they smelt sweet and looked beautiful. The last son didn’t agree with all of them, saying that there were lots of fruit 18 the tree and the tree was full of life. The man told his four sons that they were all right, 19 each of them only saw the tree during one season. He added, “You can not judge a tree by one season or a person in one time. You should do this only when you know what life is like.” If you give up during the coldness of winter, you will miss the hope of spring, the beauty of summer and the 20 of autumn in your life. 11.A.slowly B.carefully C.quickly D.clearly 12.A.biggest B.smallest C.oldest D.youngest 13.A.decide B.describe C.discuss D.draw 14.A.nothing B.everything C.anything D.something 15.A.white B.yellow C.red D.green 16.A.with B.as C.like D.to 17.A.buds B.leaves C.flowers D.pears 18.A.in B.on C.at D.under 19.A.if B.when C.after D.because 20.A.hope B.life C.beauty D.harvest 三、阅读理解 A This summer, Mary, Tom and Alan are going to have a great vacation. The following are their plans for the coming vacation. Mary Tom Alan Where to go Beijing Spain Canada When to leave The first week of June. The last day of May. July 18th. With whom Her parents. His best friends. His cousin. What to do Go hiking. Go sightseeing. Go shopping. Go sightseeing. Go shopping. Watch a bullfight. Stay on the farm. Watch videos. Go fishing. How long For one month. For two weeks. Until September. 21.When is Mary leaving for Beijing? A.During the first week of June. B.During the first week of May. C.On July 18th. D.On the last day of May. 22.What will Tom do in Spain? A.Go hiking. B.Watch a bullfight. C.Watch videos. D.Go fishing. 23.Who will have the longest vacation? A.Mary. B.Tom. C.Alan. D.Tom and Alan. B You may learn about traditional Chinese culture at school. But can you introduce them in English? A group of students did just that this year. From March 24 to 26, a big speech competition took place in Nanjing. It was the 15th “21st Century New Oriental Cup” National High School and Primary School English Speaking Competition. Sixty-two students competed in the junior group in the final this year. Many of them talked about traditional Chinese culture. The topic of the semi-final (半决赛) was “The Best Gift We Can Give Others Is…”. Li Lianru who came second in the competition is a 13-year-old girl from Beijing. She said in her speech that “the heart of an infant (赤子之心)” was the best gift. These words come from Mencius (孟子). It means we should listen to our heart when facing the outside world. Wen Xinrui, a 15-year-old girl from Shanghai, is the winner in the junior group. She shared her experience of learning Chinese brush painting. The topic of the final was “The Most Beautiful Verb in the World is”. Wen’s answer was “learn”. That’s because in painting hills and rivers, she tried to combine Chinese traditional ways with Western ones. The result was great and she found learning to be such a beautiful thing. The judges (评委) were also happy about this. “Chinese students should be proud of our own culture,” said Wu Minsu, Professor from Communication University of China. “I hope they will tell more people across the world about stories of China through their great English.” 24.The competition is to give students a chance to practice more in English _. A.listening B.writing C.reading D.speaking 25.The topic of the final is “_”. A.The Heart of an Infant B.Learning Is Such a Beautiful Thing C.The Best Gift We Can Give Others Is… D.The Most Beautiful Verb in the World Is… 26.What does the underlined word “combine” in this passage most probably mean? A.Change. B.Mix. C.Improve. D.Spread. 27.Which is Professor Wu Minsu’s opinion? A.Chinese student’s spoken English has greatly improved. B.It’s necessary for people all over the world to learn traditional Chinese culture. C.Students are very proud of taking part in the English speaking competition this year. D.Students can introduce Chinese culture in English to more people all over the world. 参考答案: 1.A 考查介词。on接具体某一天的上下午晚上;in接季节月份年份等时间;at接钟点时间。 2.B 【详解】句意:她高考不及格,所以她什么都不想吃。 考查非谓语动词及不定代词。something一般用于肯定句或表请求允许的疑问句中;anything一般用于否定句或疑问句中。此处是否定句,故用anything。feel like doing sth.“想要做某事”,故用eating。故选B。 3.C 【详解】句意:——你听说六月将在成都举行一场古典钢琴音乐会吗?——多么令人兴奋的消息! 考查感叹句。How引导的感叹句,修饰形容词或副词;What引导的感叹句,修饰名词。本句中心词news是不可数名词,故用What引导,结构是:What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓!。故选C。 4.C 【详解】句意:杂交水稻之父袁隆平虽然已经去世一年了,但我们永远不会忘记他的贡献。 考查动词时态以及延续性动词。“for+一段时间”要与现在完成时连用,其结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”,且动词要用延续性动词,die是短暂性动词,对应的延续性动词是be dead,故选C。 5.D 【详解】句意:——又有三名中国宇航员抵达天宫空间站。他们什么时候回来?——直到六个月内他们的任务完成。 考查时态和语态。根据“Not until their task...in six months.”可知,这是由not until引导的时间状语从句,从句的时态为一般现在时。“任务”和“完成”之间为被动关系。故选D。 6.D 【详解】句意:——雨越下越大,天太晚了。——确实如此。无论如何,我们必须按时把捐款送到医院。 考查副词辨析。Moreover而且;Otherwise否则;Instead反而;Anyway无论如何。根据“we must send the donations to the hospital on time”可知,无论什么情况都要按时把捐款送到医院,故选D。 7.C 【详解】句意:——你觉得你的南京博物馆在线旅游怎么样?——好极了!我认为这是我最神奇的一次经历。 考查形容词最高级的辨析。amazing令人惊奇的;boring无聊的,枯燥的。根据“Fantastic! ”可知,此次经历不错,应用amazing令人惊奇的;根据“I have ever had.”可知,是与以前到现在的经历对比,应用最高级。故选C。 8.A 【详解】句意:——你的DIY课程怎么样?——你知道,它对我来说太难了,但是因为即将到来的文化艺术节我永远不会放弃。 考查动词短语。give up放弃;hand out分发;put out扑灭;turn up调高。根据“it’s hard for me, but I’ll never…”可知,此处指不会放弃DIY课程。故选A。 9.C 【详解】句意:——多种树对我们的城市有好处。——当然。树木可以减少灰尘,有助于保持空气清洁。 考查动词辨析。reuse重复使用;recycle回收利用;reduce减少;return返回。根据“Trees can…dust and help keep the air clean.”可知,树木可以减少灰尘,有助于保持空气清洁。故选C。 10.D 【详解】句意:——据说我们下学期要上劳动课。——太棒了!我等不及要参加了。 考查情景交际。It’s my pleasure这是我的荣幸;You’ve done a good job你做得很好;It doesn’t matter to me这对我来说无关紧要;I can’t wait to attend it我等不及要参加了。根据“It’s said that we’ll have Labor Course next term.”可知,此处指迫不及待要上劳动课。故选D。 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.D 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.D 20.D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个老人让他的四个儿子在不同的季节去看同一棵梨树,结果四个儿子观察到的现象是完全不一样的,说明看事物要看全面,不能只看片面。 11.句意:他希望他的儿子们能学会不要太快下结论。 slowly慢慢地;carefully小心地;quickly迅速地; clearly清晰地。通过下文可知这个人让四个儿子轮番去看同一颗梨树,以及最后他给出的结论,可知这个人是希望他的儿子们能学会不要太快下结论。故选C。 12.句意:大儿子在冬天出去了,二儿子春天去了,三儿子在夏天去了,小儿子则在秋天去了。 biggest最大的;smallest最小的;oldest最年老的;youngest最年幼的。根据句中的“The eldest son”、“the second”和“the third”可知,此处指最年幼的儿子。故选D。 13.句意:当他们都回家后,他把他们叫到一起,让他们描述他们所看到的一切。 decide决定;describe描述;discuss讨论;draw画。根据下文四个儿子对那颗梨树的描绘和形容,可知这里指的是让他们描述他们所看到的一切。故选B。 14.句意:大儿子说这棵树很丑,而且树上什么也没有。 nothing什么也没有;everything每件事情;anything任何事情;something一些事情。根据上文“the tree was ugly”,可知是树很丑,说明树上什么也没有。故选A。 15.句意:二儿子说,树上长满了绿芽,充满了希望。 white白色的;yellow黄色的;red红色的;green绿色的。根据空格后的“buds”可知此处表达的是“绿芽”green buds。故选D。 16.句意:第三个儿子和他两个哥哥的想法不同,他说树上开满了花。 with和……一起;as像;like像;to到。have the same idea as sb“和某人有相同的想法”。故选B。 17.句意:第三个儿子和他两个哥哥的想法不同,他说树上开满了花。 buds芽;leaves树叶;flowers花;pears梨。根据下文“He said they smelled sweet and looked beautiful.”可知是树上开满了鲜花,花朵闻起来很香,看起来很漂亮。故选C。 18.句意:小儿子不同意他们的看法,他说树上结满了果子,整棵树充满了生机。 in在……里面;on在……上面; at在;under在……下面。表示树上结满果子应用介词on。故选B。 19.句意:这个人告诉他的儿子们,他们都是正确的,因为他们每个人只在一个季节里看到这棵树。 if如果;when当……时候;after在……之后;because因为。根据上文“The man told his sons that they were all right”以及空格后的“each of them only saw the tree during one season.”可知前后句表示因果关系,后一句是前一句的原因,所以用because来引导原因状语从句。故选D。 20.句意:如果你在寒冷的冬天放弃,你就会错过人生中春天的希望、夏天的美丽和秋天的收获。 hope希望;life生活;beauty美丽;harvest收获。根据常识可知秋天是收获的季节。故选D。 21.A 22.B 23.C 【导语】本文是玛丽,汤姆和艾伦三人的暑假计划。 21.细节理解题。根据“The first week of June”可知,玛丽是六月第一周启程。故选A。 22.细节理解题。根据“Watch a bullfight”可知,汤姆去西班牙看斗牛。故选B。 23.推理判断题。 根据玛丽“For one month”可知,玛丽去北京待一个月;“For two weeks”可知,汤姆去西班牙待两周;从“July 18th”到“Until September”可知,艾伦去加拿大待的时间超过了一个月,在三人中假期时间最长。故选 C。 24.D 25.D 26.B 27.D 【导语】本文讲述了在第15届“21世纪新东方杯”全国中小学生英语演讲比赛的赛场上,一群初中生用英语讲述了他们引以为傲的中国传统文化。 24.细节理解题。根据第一段“It was the 15th “21st Century New Oriental Cup” National High School and Primary School English Speaking Competition”可知,这是一个英语演讲比赛,给学生一个练习口语的机会,故选D。 25.细节理解题。根据第三段“The topic of the final was ‘The Most Beautiful Verb in the World is’”可知,总决赛的题目是“世界上最美丽的动词是……”,故选D。 26.词义猜测题。根据“That’s because in painting hills and rivers, she tried to combine Chinese traditional ways with Western ones”可知,她将中国传统画法与西方画法相结合,所以combine与mix同义,故选B。 27.推理判断题。根据最后一段“I hope they will tell more people across the world about stories of China through their great English”可知,学生能通过他们出色的英语,向世界各地的人们讲述中国故事,介绍中国文化,故选D。 28.C 29.D 30.B 31.A 【导语】本文介绍了一群青少年在美国消费后没有给合理的小费,最后当他们意识到在美国小费的意义时,写了一封道歉信,并附上合理的小费。 28.细节理解题。根据文中第一段“So he made sure the teens had a pleasant experience at the restaurant.”可知他确保这些青少年在餐厅里有一个愉快的经历,推知作者接待了一群青少年,尽自己最大的努力,让他们开心,故选C。 29.细节理解题。根据文中倒数第二段“but we had completely forgotten (and didn’t know, to be honest) what a tip even was”意为:但是我们完全忘记了(老实说,我们也不知道)什么是小费,可知这群青少年不知道小费意味着什么,故选D。 30.细节理解题。根据文中倒数第二段“Later, we realized our mistake and felt terrible. We knew we had to make it right.”可知这些青少年他们意识到自己的错误,想纠正自己的错误,故选B。 31.推理判断题。根据文中第三段“The waiter went home. And he felt angry for the students who did not know the value of hard work. They looked down on people like him. Or so he thought.”可知服务员对那些不知道努力工作价值的学生感到厌恶。推知,美国服务员认为青少年给这么少的小费是不尊重他的劳动并瞧不起他这样的人。因此,他们是很在意是否得到合乎情理的数额的小费。故选A。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$