核心语法知识夯基11 定语从句（精讲精练）-2025届高三英语一轮复习闯关攻略

定语从句（讲义） 目录 一 关系词的用法 二 　that、 which只能用其中一个的情况 三 关系副词引导的定语从句 四 ＂介词＋关系词＂引导的定语从句 五 as，which引导的定语从句 六 非限制性定语从句 七 定语从句中的主谓一致 八 定语从句易错题解析 九 高考模拟试题 概念：在复合句中修饰或限定先行词的句子称作定语从句。 关系词的用法 关系词 被修饰的先行词 关系词在从句 中充当的成分 who 指人的词 主语、宾语 whom 指人的词 宾语 whose 指人或物的词 定语 that 指人或物的词 主语、宾语、表语 which 指物的词或整个主句 主语、宾语 as 指人或物的词或整个主句 主语、宾语 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 why 表示原因的名词reason 原因状语 例句 Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields. 有些在语言学习上很有成就的人，在其他领域常常一无所成。 I have many friends to whom I’m going to send post cards. 我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。 Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. 很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。 He will tell you everything that he heard about it. 他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。 This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year. 这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。 There are occasions when (＝on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (＝in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (＝for which) he refused our offer？这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 　that、 which只能用其中一个的情况 1. 只能用that，不能用which作先行词的情况 （1）先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词或先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰。 All the people that come from the country work much harder. 所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。 （2）先行词被序数词、 形容词最高级、 the only， the very， the last等修饰时， 关系代词通常只用that， 不用which.如： The first English novel that I read was Cities. 我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。 This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。 （3）先行词既有人又有物时， 关系代词只用that， 不用which.如： The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。 The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace. 外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。 （4） 关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时， 通常只用that， 不用which.如： 　He is no longer the star that he was. 他不再是过去的那位明星了。 Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。 （5） 句中其他位置已出现which， 为避免重复， 不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。如： Which is the car that has overtaken us？ 超过我们的是哪辆车？ 2. 只用which，不能用that作先行词的情况 （1） 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词＋关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时， 关系代词必须用which.如： The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。 This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。 注意： 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that， 如： This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。 （2） 先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如： Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior. 学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。 A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published. 书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。 关系副词引导的定语从句 1.关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用＂介词＋which＂结构替换。 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。 2.当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。 Is this the reason (that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting? 这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？ 3.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。 The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed. 媒体经常能够帮助解决问题，把注意力吸引到需要帮助的情况。 ＂介词＋关系词＂引导的定语从句 介词的选用 1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。 I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。 2.表示＂整体和部分关系＂，介词常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。 John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members. 约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。 3.有时＂介词＋where＂可以引导定语从句，此时要和＂介词＋which＂引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。 His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees. 他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window) as，which引导的定语从句 1.as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为＂正如，正像＂，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。 As everybody knows，China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。 2.which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末，意为＂这，这一点＂。 Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012，which made one of the Chinese people’s long－held dreams come true. 莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。 3.as常用在下列习惯用语中。 (it) often happens，as I remember，as is often the case，as is expected，as is known to us，as is shown等。 He shouts when he gets angry，as is often the case. 他生气时就大叫，这是常有的情形。 4.＂such/so ...as ...＂表＂像……这样……＂的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。 Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out. 上学期数学老师出了一道很难的考试题，没有一个人能解出来。 5.＂the same...that...＂表同一个人或物，而＂the same...as...＂表同种类的东西。 I would like to use the same tool as you used yesterday. 我想用你昨天使用的那种工具。 I would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday. 我想用你昨天使用的那件工具。 非限制性定语从句 非限定性定语从句在句子中是一个独立的成分，不会受到主句的限制，把从句去掉之后，主句仍然是成立的。这也是为什么它会叫做非限定性定语从句。其次，大家要了解该从句的形式：非限制性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密，因而通常要用逗号与主句分隔开。 类别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式 与主句之间不用逗号隔开 与主句之间用逗号隔开 关系词 所有的关系代词和关系副词；作宾语时可省略 除that以外的关系代词和关系副词；关系词不能省略 先行词 主句中的某一个名词、名词词组或代词 主句中的某一个词，也可以是整个句子 意义 对先行词进行限制、说明，是先行词不可缺少的定语，不可省去 对修饰的词或句子作进一步的说明，省去之后主句意思依然完整 翻译 译成＂……的＂，作先行词的定语 常译成并列分句 定语从句中的主谓一致 1.关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。 The recorder that has been given to me is homemade. 给我的那台录音机是国产的。 2.＂one of ＋复数名词＂位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当one前有the，the only，the very 等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。 He is one of the students who have made great progress.他是取得很大进步的学生之一。 定语从句易错题解析 关系代词的选用 1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如： 　　　 The person who broke the window must pay for it. 打碎玻璃的人必须赔偿。 　　　 The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 穿黑色夹克的男孩非常聪明。 2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。如： 　　　 Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？你认识我们在门口遇到的那位男士吗？ 3.whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。如： 　　　 The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. 她妈妈病的那个女孩今天呆在家里。 4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。如： 　　　 A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. 字典是一本解释单词意思的书。 5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如： 　　　 I’ve read the newspaper that / which carries the important news. 我已经读了那份承载重要新闻的报纸。 6.when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。如： 　　　 I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm. 我从不会忘记我们工作在农场的时间。 　　　 He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 就在我离开那天他到得北京。 7.where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。如： 　　　 This is the house where we lived last year. 这是我们去年居住的那个房子。 典例分析 1．A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart. A．who B．whom C．which D．whose 2．The woman astronaut ________ gave us a lesson on space is Liu Yang. A．which B．whose C．who D．whom 3．Lots of Chinese young people ___________ were born after 1995 use door-to-door cooking to save time. A．that B．those C．which D．/ 4．If we study hard with big dreams, there is nothing ________ can’t be achieved. A．who B．that C．whom 5．— Tom, what kind of stories do you prefer? — The ones ________ have a happy ending. A．that B．who C．those D．whom 只使用 which，不能用that的情况 　（1）在非限制性定语从句中。如： 　　　　I will take this one, which was exactly what we wanted. 我想买这个，它确实是我想要的。 　 　(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。如： 　　　　The thing about which he is talking is of great importance. 他在谈论的那个事是很重要的。 　 　(3) which 还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this相似。如： 　 He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. 他在比赛中成功了，这使他父母很高兴。 典例分析 1．We stopped for something of great use, ________ we shouldn’t be lost in. A．who B．that C．which D．what 2．Do you know the city, Kunming, __________ is the capital city of Yunan? A．where B．which C．who D．whose 3．He seems not to have grasped ________ I meant, ________ greatly upsets me. A．what; who B．that; that C．what; which D．how; which 4．Beijing, __________ is the capital of China, is a city with a long history. A．that B．where C．when D．which 5．He was very rude to the customs officer, ________ of course made things even worse. A．who B．whom C．what D．which 只能用that,不用which 的情况 　(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。如： All that he said is true. 所有他说的都是真的。 　(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及 first, last, any, few, much, no, some, only, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which。如： This is the only book that the old woman is interested in. 这是仅有的一本老妇人感兴趣的书。 (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。如： It was the second house that I bought.这是我买的第二个房子。 　(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。如： 如：This is the best book (that) I have read this year. 这是我今年读过的最好的书。 　(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。如： He talked about the people and the things that he remembered. 他谈论他记起得的人和事。 典例分析 1．I like the farm ________ I visited last week. A．where B．that C．who D．whom 2．When I have difficulty in learning English, my teacher Miss Chen always gives me some advice ________ can be useful. A．that B．what C．who D．whose 3．The earth is the planet ________ provides us with everything we need, fresh air, clean water and so on. It’s our duty to protect it. A．whose B．who C．what D．that 4．—Mom is waiting. Can we set off now? —Just a minute. I can’t find the shoes ________ I bought last week. A．that B．who C．what D．who 5．The app “MAYI” encourages people to give away the clothes ________ they don’t need to the poor. A．what B．whom C．who D．that 定语从句中的主谓一致易错情况 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。其中，“one of+复数名词” 作先行词时，谓语动词用复数形式。”the one of/the only one of+复数名词”时，谓语动词用单数形式。 如：He is the man who / that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个男人。 He is one of the students in his class who have been to Germany.他是班上去过德国的学生之一。 典例分析 1．In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one ______ is well worth reading. A．who B．that C．whom D．what 2．The girl ________ is reading under the tree ________ my sister. A．which; is B．whom; was C．who; is D．who; was 3．Hemingway（海明威）is the only one of the most famous writers with many wonderful works ________ born in America. A．that were B．who was C．who were 4．Mr. Lang is a great Chinese pianist ________ become popular with many people around the world. A．who have B．who has C．whom has D．that have 5．He is one of my friends who ________ working hard. A．is B．was C．are D．were 高考模拟试题 一、单项选择 1．（2024·山东·三模）—Do you know ________ will direct the new movie? —Cohen, ________ short films won awards, was chosen to direct the movie. A．whom; whose B．who; whose C．whose; who D．whom; who 2．（2024·天津南开·二模）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _________ his employees enjoy their work. A．where B．which C．when D．that 3．（2024·天津·二模）After ten hours’ drive, we came to a green house, through ______ glass wall we saw lots of green plants. A．what B．that C．whose D．which 4．（2024·天津和平·二模）Our defeat, _______ some players blame themselves, was caused by bad luck. A．for what B．for which C．to whom D．on which 5．（2024·天津河西·二模）John is so selfish that he has reached a point ______ no one in our team wants to talk with him. A．where B．why C．that D．which 6．（2024·天津河东·二模）Recent accidents, ________ fifty people lost their lives, are mainly due to the heavy fog. A．as B．which C．whose D．where 7．（2024·天津·二模）The masterpiece in the exhibition absolutely showed us a vivid scene __________ our ancestors went hunting and resisted the wild beast. A．when B．why C．which D．where 8．（2024·天津·二模）There are hundreds of such scenes in movies, ______ the heavy rain reflects the sad feelings of the characters. A．when B．which C．where D．of which 9．（2024·天津·二模）It is the way ________ you apply your body language to your address that greatly determines whether the listeners are engaged and convinced. A．how B．that C．which D．where 10．（2024·天津河西·三模）After getting back to her hometown after graduation, Jenny finds it is no longer the village ______ it used to be. A．that B．where C．what D．how 11．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）True equality and excellent education are timeless issues ______ we should strive for and gain further insights into. A．where B．why C．when D．which 12．（2024·天津南开·一模）Hate and anger are felt only for those ________ we care deeply. A．for which B．with which C．for whom D．with whom 13．（2024·天津·一模）I admire my English teacher greatly as he always tries his best to create an atmosphere ______ students’ interest can be actively aroused. A．where B．that C．which D．when 14．（2024·天津和平·一模）I know I’ve put my passport in a place ______ I thought it would be safe, but now I can’t remember it. A．which B．that C．where D．what 15．（2024·陕西西安·三模）The president stood by a window inside the room, ______, looking over the square. A．where I entered B．into which I entered C．which I entered D．that I entered 16．（2024·陕西西安·三模）The engineers made two big plans for the dam, ______ was never put in force. A．one of them B．which C．one of which D．every one of which 17．（2023·天津和平·二模）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. A．of whom B．about which C．from which D．by whom 18．（2022·山东·二模）Every student likes the woman teacher ______ temper is very gentle. A．whose B．who C．that D．whom 19．（2020·江苏南通·二模）An interviewee should be good at grasping every opportunity _____he is supposed to show his best self to others. A．when B．where C．that D．which 20．（2013·重庆·一模）______ is surprising to us is that Tom, for _______ English was once boring, can speak English fluently as though he were a native speaker. A．As; whom B．What; whose C．It; whose D．What; whom 二、翻译 21．（2024·上海·模拟预测）我们历时三年时间，开发了一款体育器材，既强身健体，又促进心理健康。(commit) 22．（2024·上海金山·二模）值得一提的是，这个城市的权力部门迅速而有效地解决游客的投诉，这被认为是成功的危机管理。(address) 23．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）受到优秀运动员们为梦想和荣誉全力以赴的可贵精神的影响，很多年轻人喜欢上了看乒乓球比赛，并开始学习打乒乓。(fond) 24．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）农村地区正在逐步过渡到使用节能型电动汽车，其创新设计颇受年轻消费者的青睐。（transition） 25．（2024·上海金山·一模）这个国家不顾人民的安危将废水排入大海，这个行为受到了当地渔民和邻国人民的强烈抗议。(which) 26．（2024·上海金山·一模）凡今天购买这款手机的顾客可享七折优惠。(discount) 27．（2024·上海长宁·一模）中美领导人在旧金山会晤，意义非凡，吸引了世界的关注，推动了中美关系的发展。(importance) 28．（2024·上海闵行·一模）她梦想记录祖国的壮丽风景, 这激励她去探索自然中尚未被发现的角落，并通过摄影来保留那份美丽。(which) 29．（23-24高三上·上海青浦·期末）我们都没有想到，那个曾经腼腆的男孩竟然能在演讲比赛中一举夺魁。 (It) 30．（21-22高三下·上海·阶段练习）这位忧心忡忡的母亲直到成功为她一周没吃过蔬菜的儿子在送餐应用上抢到了2公斤 卷心菜，才感到如释重负。(Not until …) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 定语从句（讲义） 目录 一 关系词的用法 二 　that、 which只能用其中一个的情况 三 关系副词引导的定语从句 四 ＂介词＋关系词＂引导的定语从句 五 as，which引导的定语从句 六 非限制性定语从句 七 定语从句中的主谓一致 八 定语从句易错题解析 九 高考模拟试题 概念：在复合句中修饰或限定先行词的句子称作定语从句。 关系词的用法 关系词 被修饰的先行词 关系词在从句 中充当的成分 who 指人的词 主语、宾语 whom 指人的词 宾语 whose 指人或物的词 定语 that 指人或物的词 主语、宾语、表语 which 指物的词或整个主句 主语、宾语 as 指人或物的词或整个主句 主语、宾语 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 why 表示原因的名词reason 原因状语 例句 Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields. 有些在语言学习上很有成就的人，在其他领域常常一无所成。 I have many friends to whom I’m going to send post cards. 我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。 Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. 很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。 He will tell you everything that he heard about it. 他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。 This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year. 这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。 There are occasions when (＝on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (＝in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (＝for which) he refused our offer？这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 　that、 which只能用其中一个的情况 1. 只能用that，不能用which作先行词的情况 （1）先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词或先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰。 All the people that come from the country work much harder. 所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。 （2）先行词被序数词、 形容词最高级、 the only， the very， the last等修饰时， 关系代词通常只用that， 不用which.如： The first English novel that I read was Cities. 我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。 This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。 （3）先行词既有人又有物时， 关系代词只用that， 不用which.如： The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。 The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace. 外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。 （4） 关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时， 通常只用that， 不用which.如： 　He is no longer the star that he was. 他不再是过去的那位明星了。 Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。 （5） 句中其他位置已出现which， 为避免重复， 不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。如： Which is the car that has overtaken us？ 超过我们的是哪辆车？ 2. 只用which，不能用that作先行词的情况 （1） 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词＋关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时， 关系代词必须用which.如： The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。 This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。 注意： 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that， 如： This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。 （2） 先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如： Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior. 学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。 A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published. 书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。 关系副词引导的定语从句 1.关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用＂介词＋which＂结构替换。 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。 2.当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。 Is this the reason (that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting? 这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？ 3.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。 The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed. 媒体经常能够帮助解决问题，把注意力吸引到需要帮助的情况。 ＂介词＋关系词＂引导的定语从句 介词的选用 1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。 I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。 2.表示＂整体和部分关系＂，介词常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。 John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members. 约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。 3.有时＂介词＋where＂可以引导定语从句，此时要和＂介词＋which＂引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。 His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees. 他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window) as，which引导的定语从句 1.as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为＂正如，正像＂，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。 As everybody knows，China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。 2.which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末，意为＂这，这一点＂。 Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012，which made one of the Chinese people’s long－held dreams come true. 莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。 3.as常用在下列习惯用语中。 (it) often happens，as I remember，as is often the case，as is expected，as is known to us，as is shown等。 He shouts when he gets angry，as is often the case. 他生气时就大叫，这是常有的情形。 4.＂such/so ...as ...＂表＂像……这样……＂的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。 Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out. 上学期数学老师出了一道很难的考试题，没有一个人能解出来。 5.＂the same...that...＂表同一个人或物，而＂the same...as...＂表同种类的东西。 I would like to use the same tool as you used yesterday. 我想用你昨天使用的那种工具。 I would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday. 我想用你昨天使用的那件工具。 非限制性定语从句 非限定性定语从句在句子中是一个独立的成分，不会受到主句的限制，把从句去掉之后，主句仍然是成立的。这也是为什么它会叫做非限定性定语从句。其次，大家要了解该从句的形式：非限制性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密，因而通常要用逗号与主句分隔开。 类别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式 与主句之间不用逗号隔开 与主句之间用逗号隔开 关系词 所有的关系代词和关系副词；作宾语时可省略 除that以外的关系代词和关系副词；关系词不能省略 先行词 主句中的某一个名词、名词词组或代词 主句中的某一个词，也可以是整个句子 意义 对先行词进行限制、说明，是先行词不可缺少的定语，不可省去 对修饰的词或句子作进一步的说明，省去之后主句意思依然完整 翻译 译成＂……的＂，作先行词的定语 常译成并列分句 定语从句中的主谓一致 1.关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。 The recorder that has been given to me is homemade. 给我的那台录音机是国产的。 2.＂one of ＋复数名词＂位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当one前有the，the only，the very 等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。 He is one of the students who have made great progress.他是取得很大进步的学生之一。 定语从句易错题解析 关系代词的选用 1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如： 　　　 The person who broke the window must pay for it. 打碎玻璃的人必须赔偿。 　　　 The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 穿黑色夹克的男孩非常聪明。 2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。如： 　　　 Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？你认识我们在门口遇到的那位男士吗？ 3.whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。如： 　　　 The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. 她妈妈病的那个女孩今天呆在家里。 4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。如： 　　　 A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. 字典是一本解释单词意思的书。 5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如： 　　　 I’ve read the newspaper that / which carries the important news. 我已经读了那份承载重要新闻的报纸。 6.when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。如： 　　　 I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm. 我从不会忘记我们工作在农场的时间。 　　　 He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 就在我离开那天他到得北京。 7.where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。如： 　　　 This is the house where we lived last year. 这是我们去年居住的那个房子。 典例分析 1．A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart. A．who B．whom C．which D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：一个真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并感动你心扉的人。 考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是人，引导词在从句中作主语，故选A。 2．The woman astronaut ________ gave us a lesson on space is Liu Yang. A．which B．whose C．who D．whom 【答案】C 【详解】句意：给我们在太空上上了一课的女宇航员叫刘洋。 考查定语从句。先行词是The woman astronaut，是人，且在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。故选C。 3．Lots of Chinese young people ___________ were born after 1995 use door-to-door cooking to save time. A．that B．those C．which D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了节省时间，很多95后的中国年轻人都采用上门做饭的方式。 考查定语从句引导词。that引导定语从句时，先行词是人/物，在句中作主语或宾语；those那些，指示代词；which引导定语从句时，先行词是物，在句中作主语或宾语；/不填。空后“...were born after 1995”在句中作定语修饰名词，先行词Chinese young people，指人，且空处在句中作主语，所以用who引导，故选A。 4．If we study hard with big dreams, there is nothing ________ can’t be achieved. A．who B．that C．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果我们怀着远大的梦想努力学习，没有什么是不能实现的。 考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是nothing，引导词在从句中作主语，只能用that引导。故选B。 5．— Tom, what kind of stories do you prefer? — The ones ________ have a happy ending. A．that B．who C．those D．whom 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——汤姆，你喜欢什么样的故事？——那些有着幸福结局的故事。 考查定语从句。that用于某些动词、形容词和名词后，引出从句；who谁；those那些；whom谁，宾格。根据“The ones …have a happy ending.”可知，此处空后为定语从句修饰ones，ones指代stories“故事”，为物，使用关系代词that引导定语从句。故选A。 只使用 which，不能用that的情况 　（1）在非限制性定语从句中。如： 　　　　I will take this one, which was exactly what we wanted. 我想买这个，它确实是我想要的。 　 　(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。如： 　　　　The thing about which he is talking is of great importance. 他在谈论的那个事是很重要的。 　 　(3) which 还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this相似。如： 　 He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. 他在比赛中成功了，这使他父母很高兴。 典例分析 1．We stopped for something of great use, ________ we shouldn’t be lost in. A．who B．that C．which D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们为了一些有用的东西停下来，一些我们不应该沉迷其中的东西。 考查定语从句。who先行词指人；that先行词指人或物；which先行词指物；what不引导定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本句是非限制性定语从句，且先行词“something of great use”指物，故用which引导。故选C。 2．Do you know the city, Kunming, __________ is the capital city of Yunan? A．where B．which C．who D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你知道云南的首都昆明吗？ 考查定语从句。where，关系副词，指地点，在从句中作地点状语；which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whose关系代词，who的所有格，在从句中作定语。分析句子可知，is前缺少主语，先行词“Kunming”是物，且在句中作主语。故选B。 3．He seems not to have grasped ________ I meant, ________ greatly upsets me. A．what; who B．that; that C．what; which D．how; which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他似乎没有领会我的意思，这让我非常难过。 考查从句。what什么；who谁；that那个；which哪一个；how怎么样。根据“He seems not to have grasped...I meant,...greatly upsets me.”可知grasped 之后是宾语从句且从句中meant后面缺少宾语,空处需填一个引导词what；逗号后面为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，需填一个引导词指代前面整个句子，用which。故选C。 4．Beijing, __________ is the capital of China, is a city with a long history. A．that B．where C．when D．which 【答案】D 【详解】句意：北京，是中国的首都，是一个有着悠久历史的城市。 考查定语从句。that关系代词，指物/人，在从句中作主语或宾语，不能引导非限制性定语从句；where关系副词，指地点，在从句中作状语；when关系副词，指时间，在从句中作状语；which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。句子是非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，此处应用which引导定语从句，故选D。 5．He was very rude to the customs officer, ________ of course made things even worse. A．who B．whom C．what D．which 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他对海关官员非常粗鲁，这当然使事情变得更糟。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知“...of course made things even worse”说明了主句事件的影响，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是主句，关系词用which，故选D。 只能用that,不用which 的情况 　(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。如： All that he said is true. 所有他说的都是真的。 　(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及 first, last, any, few, much, no, some, only, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which。如： This is the only book that the old woman is interested in. 这是仅有的一本老妇人感兴趣的书。 (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。如： It was the second house that I bought.这是我买的第二个房子。 　(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。如： 如：This is the best book (that) I have read this year. 这是我今年读过的最好的书。 　(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。如： He talked about the people and the things that he remembered. 他谈论他记起得的人和事。 典例分析 1．I like the farm ________ I visited last week. A．where B．that C．who D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我喜欢我上周参观的那个农场。 考查定语从句关系词。根据“the farm ... I visited last week”可知此处是定语从句，先行词the farm指地点，但在从句中作宾语，用that引导定语从句。故选B。 2．When I have difficulty in learning English, my teacher Miss Chen always gives me some advice ________ can be useful. A．that B．what C．who D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我学习英语有困难时，我的老师陈女士总是给我一些有用的建议。 考查定语从句。that引导定语从句，先行词为人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不引导定语从句；who引导定语从句，先行词为人，在从句中作主语；whose引导定语从句，先行词为人或物，在从句中作定语。根据句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为some advice，在从句中作主语，所以用that引导定语从句。故选A。 3．The earth is the planet ________ provides us with everything we need, fresh air, clean water and so on. It’s our duty to protect it. A．whose B．who C．what D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：地球为我们提供了我们所需要的一切，新鲜空气，清洁的水等等。保护它是我们的责任。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是planet，关系词在从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句。故选D。 4．—Mom is waiting. Can we set off now? —Just a minute. I can’t find the shoes ________ I bought last week. A．that B．who C．what D．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——妈妈在等待。我们现在可以出发了吗？——等一下。我找不到我上周买的鞋了。 考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是“the shoes”，指物，引导词在从句中作宾语，所以用that或which，结合选项，故选A。 5．The app “MAYI” encourages people to give away the clothes ________ they don’t need to the poor. A．what B．whom C．who D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这款名为“MAYI”的应用鼓励人们把自己不需要的衣服送给穷人。 考查定语从句关系词。根据“the clothes ... they don’t need”可知此处是定语从句，先行词“the clothes”指物，且在从句中作宾语，用that引导定语从句。故选D。 定语从句中的主谓一致易错情况 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。其中，“one of+复数名词” 作先行词时，谓语动词用复数形式。”the one of/the only one of+复数名词”时，谓语动词用单数形式。 如：He is the man who / that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个男人。 He is one of the students in his class who have been to Germany.他是班上去过德国的学生之一。 典例分析 1．In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one ______ is well worth reading. A．who B．that C．whom D．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在我看来，在所有的书中，这是唯一值得一读的。 考查定语从句关系词。根据“of all the books, this is the only one”可知先行词the only one指物，先行词用the only修饰时，只能用that引导限制性定语从句。故选B。 2．The girl ________ is reading under the tree ________ my sister. A．which; is B．whom; was C．who; is D．who; was 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在树下看书的那个女孩是我妹妹。 考查定语从句和be动词。which引导定语从句，先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom引导定语从句，先行词为人，在从句中作宾语；who引导定语从句，先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语。第一空，分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句，先行词“The girl”指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who来引导从句，排除A和B；第二空，根据“is reading under the tree”可知，句子陈述现在的情况，时态应用一般现在时，主语“The girl”为第三人称单数，谓语be动词用is，排除D。故选C。 3．Hemingway（海明威）is the only one of the most famous writers with many wonderful works ________ born in America. A．that were B．who was C．who were 【答案】B 【详解】句意：海明威是唯一一位在美国出生的有着许多精彩作品的著名作家。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，先行词指人，且先行词被the only修饰，谓语应用单数was。故选B。 4．Mr. Lang is a great Chinese pianist ________ become popular with many people around the world. A．who have B．who has C．whom has D．that have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：郎先生是一位伟大的并深受世界人民欢迎的中国钢琴家。 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处使用定语从句，先行词是“ a pianist”，引导词可使用“who或that，又因为先行词是第三人称单数，助动词应使用has。故选B。 5．He is one of my friends who ________ working hard. A．is B．was C．are D．were 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他是我的一个努力工作的朋友。 考查主谓一致。“one of+名词复数”后如果有定语从句修饰，那么定语从句的谓语动词用复数；结合句子可知是一般现在时，be动词用are。故选C。 高考模拟试题 一、单项选择 1．（2024·山东·三模）—Do you know ________ will direct the new movie? —Cohen, ________ short films won awards, was chosen to direct the movie. A．whom; whose B．who; whose C．whose; who D．whom; who 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句，定语从句。句意：——你知道谁将导演这部新电影吗?——科恩的短片曾获奖，他被选为这部电影的导演。分析第一句中位于动词know之后，因此需要填入，所以需要填入宾语从句的引导词，此处 指的是“导演电影”，所以是指人，且在从句中作主语，所以用who。第二空为定语从句的关系词，且在从句中作定语，所以用whose。故选B。 2．（2024·天津南开·二模）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _________ his employees enjoy their work. A．where B．which C．when D．that 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：公司老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，让他的员工在其中享受工作。根据句意及主句谓语动词is和空后谓语动词enjoy可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere“氛围”，先行词表地点或环境，空处表工作的环境或氛围，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。故选A。 3．（2024·天津·二模）After ten hours’ drive, we came to a green house, through ______ glass wall we saw lots of green plants. A．what B．that C．whose D．which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：开车十小时后，我们来到了一所温室，透过它的玻璃墙我们看到了许多绿色的植物。此处是“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，先行词是house，关与空格后的glass wall是所属关系，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose，故选C。 4．（2024·天津和平·二模）Our defeat, _______ some players blame themselves, was caused by bad luck. A．for what B．for which C．to whom D．on which 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们的失败是运气不好造成的，一些球员为此自责。分析句子可知，这里考查blame sb for sth表“为某事责怪某人”，为固定搭配，且这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为Our defeat，作介词for后面宾语，所以应用关系代词which。故选B项。 5．（2024·天津河西·二模）John is so selfish that he has reached a point ______ no one in our team wants to talk with him. A．where B．why C．that D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：约翰是如此自私，以至于他达到了一个我们团队里没有人想和他说话的地步。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词point，先行词表示抽象地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故选A项。 6．（2024·天津河东·二模）Recent accidents, ________ fifty people lost their lives, are mainly due to the heavy fog. A．as B．which C．whose D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最近的事故中有50人丧生，主要是由于大雾造成的。分析句子可知，此处为关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词accidents“事故”在从句中作地点状语成分。故选D项。 7．（2024·天津·二模）The masterpiece in the exhibition absolutely showed us a vivid scene __________ our ancestors went hunting and resisted the wild beast. A．when B．why C．which D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这次展出的这幅杰作向我们生动地展示了我们的祖先去狩猎和抵抗野兽的情景。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为scene，为抽象地点名词，从句中不缺少主语或宾语，应用关系副词where引导，作地点状语。故选D。 8．（2024·天津·二模）There are hundreds of such scenes in movies, ______ the heavy rain reflects the sad feelings of the characters. A．when B．which C．where D．of which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：电影中有数百个这样的场景，其中瓢泼大雨映射出了角色们的悲伤情绪。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词为scenes，先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导从句。故选C。 9．（2024·天津·二模）It is the way ________ you apply your body language to your address that greatly determines whether the listeners are engaged and convinced. A．how B．that C．which D．where 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正是你将肢体语言运用到演讲中的方式，在很大程度上决定了听众是否参与并信服。由句子结构可知，此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the way，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作状语，关系词可用that、in which或省略。故选B项。 10．（2024·天津河西·三模）After getting back to her hometown after graduation, Jenny finds it is no longer the village ______ it used to be. A．that B．where C．what D．how 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：毕业回到家乡后，珍妮发现它不再是以前的那个村庄了。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，village是先行词，从句中缺少表语，因此使用关系代词that引导定语从句，故选A项。 11．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）True equality and excellent education are timeless issues ______ we should strive for and gain further insights into. A．where B．why C．when D．which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：真正的平等和卓越的教育是我们应该努力追求并进一步深入了解的时代课题。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词issues。先行词指物，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故选D。 12．（2024·天津南开·一模）Hate and anger are felt only for those ________ we care deeply. A．for which B．with which C．for whom D．with whom 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：憎恨和愤怒只会发生在我们深切关心的人身上。care for“关心”。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是those，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作for的宾语，应用介词for+whom引导。故选C。 13．（2024·天津·一模）I admire my English teacher greatly as he always tries his best to create an atmosphere ______ students’ interest can be actively aroused. A．where B．that C．which D．when 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我非常钦佩我的英语老师，因为他总是尽力营造一种可以积极激发学生兴趣的氛围。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是atmosphere，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选A。 14．（2024·天津和平·一模）I know I’ve put my passport in a place ______ I thought it would be safe, but now I can’t remember it. A．which B．that C．where D．what 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我知道我把护照放在了一个我认为安全的地方，但现在我记不起来了。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是place，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选C。 15．（2024·陕西西安·三模）The president stood by a window inside the room, ______, looking over the square. A．where I entered B．into which I entered C．which I entered D．that I entered 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我走进去时，总统站在房间的一扇窗旁，俯瞰着广场。分析句子可知，空处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是room，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导，动词enter是及物动词，后接宾语时无需加介词into，故选C。 16．（2024·陕西西安·三模）The engineers made two big plans for the dam, ______ was never put in force. A．one of them B．which C．one of which D．every one of which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：工程师们为大坝制定了两个大计划，其中一个从未付诸实施。分析句子可知，句中无连词，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，排除A项，先行词是“plans”，从句中的“was”表明从句主语表示单数意义，排除B项，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用one of which引导，every用于三者及三者以上，排除D项。故选C。 17．（2023·天津和平·二模）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. A．of whom B．about which C．from which D．by whom 【答案】C 【详解】考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：威廉·海斯蒂曾提出，历史告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中吸取教训，而不必重蹈覆辙。分析句子可知，空处及之后的句子为定语从句，先行词为mistakes，句子表示“我们可以从错误中吸取教训，而不是重蹈覆辙”，所以空处用“from which”，故选C。 18．（2022·山东·二模）Every student likes the woman teacher ______ temper is very gentle. A．whose B．who C．that D．whom 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：每个学生都喜欢那个脾气很温和的女老师。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是teacher，指人，关系词在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，意为“……的”，所以空处需用whose引导定语从句。故选A。 19．（2020·江苏南通·二模）An interviewee should be good at grasping every opportunity _____he is supposed to show his best self to others. A．when B．where C．that D．which 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一个应聘者应该抓住每一个向别人展示最好自己的机会。先行词opportunity在从句中是抽象地点，其后所跟的定语从句往往是陈述这些活动或情况中所发生的事情，应用关系副词where引导该定语从句。故选B。 20．（2013·重庆·一模）______ is surprising to us is that Tom, for _______ English was once boring, can speak English fluently as though he were a native speaker. A．As; whom B．What; whose C．It; whose D．What; whom 【答案】D 【详解】考查主语从句和定语从句。句意：令我们吃惊的是汤姆对于他来说以前的英语是很烦人的，而现在他的英语讲地如此流利好像他是在说本民族的语言的人。第一空缺少主语从句的主语，故填what。第二空是作介词的宾语，先行词是Tom，故用whom。故选D。 二、翻译 21．（2024·上海·模拟预测）我们历时三年时间，开发了一款体育器材，既强身健体，又促进心理健康。(commit) 【答案】We have committed three years to developing / manufacturing a sports device / a kind of sports equipment that strengthens body / enhances physical health and boosts mental well-being. 【详解】考查定语从句。表示“我们”应用代词we作主句的主语；表示“历时”应用动词commit，根据句意应用现在完成时have committed，作主句的谓语；表示“三年时间”应用three years，作主句的宾语；表示“开发了一款体育器材”应用不定式短语 to developing / manufacturing a sports device / a kind of sports equipment，作状语；表示“既强身健体，又促进心理健康”应用定语从句that strengthens body / enhances physical health and boosts mental well-being修饰先行词equipment，其中关系代词that在从句中作主语指代先行词equipment，表示“强身健体，又促进心理健康”应用动词短语strengthens body / enhances physical health and boosts mental well-being，作并列的谓语和宾语。故翻译为：We have committed three years to developing / manufacturing a sports device / a kind of sports equipment that strengthens body / enhances physical health and boosts mental well-being. 22．（2024·上海金山·二模）值得一提的是，这个城市的权力部门迅速而有效地解决游客的投诉，这被认为是成功的危机管理。(address) 【答案】It is worth mentioning that the city authorities quickly and effectively addressed tourists’ complaints, which is regarded/considered/seen as successful crisis management. 【详解】考查动词。“值得一提的是”可以用句型“It is worth mentioning that…”，It为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。“这个城市的权利部门”可以翻译为“the city authorities”，该名词短语在句中作that从句中的主语。“解决”用动词“address”，该动词在从句中作谓语动词。that从句描述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态。“迅速而有效地”可以翻译为“quickly and effectively”，两个并列副词修饰谓语动词。“游客的投诉”可以翻译为“tourists’ complaints”，该名词短语作address的宾语。后面接which引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰“the city authorities quickly and effectively addressed tourists’ complaints”整个句子。“被认为是……”可用动词短语“be regarded/considered/seen as…”，该短语在定语从句中作谓语动词。该从句中是对一般事实的描述，所以用一般现在时态。which指代整个句子，在从句中做主语，所以be动词用is。“成功的危机管理”可以翻译为“successful crisis management”。故翻译为It is worth mentioning that the city authorities quickly and effectively addressed tourists’ complaints, which is regarded/considered/seen as successful crisis management. 23．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）受到优秀运动员们为梦想和荣誉全力以赴的可贵精神的影响，很多年轻人喜欢上了看乒乓球比赛，并开始学习打乒乓。(fond) 【答案】Influenced by the valuable spirit of outstanding athletes who give their all for dreams and honor, many young people have grown fond of watching table tennis matches and have started to learn to play it. 【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。表示“受到影响”应用过去分词短语influenced by，作状语；表示“可贵精神”短语为the valuable spirit，与“优秀运动员们”outstanding athletes为所属古关系，后跟who引导定语从句，表示“为梦想和荣誉全力以赴”短语为give their all for dreams and honor，为一般现在时；主语为many young people；表示“喜欢上”用grow fond of doing sth.；表示“看乒乓球比赛”应用动名词短语watching table tennis matches；表示“开始学习打乒乓”翻译为start to learn to play it，为现在完成时。故翻译为Influenced by the valuable spirit of outstanding athletes who give their all for dreams and honor, many young people have grown fond of watching table tennis matches and have started to learn to play it. 24．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）农村地区正在逐步过渡到使用节能型电动汽车，其创新设计颇受年轻消费者的青睐。（transition） 【答案】Rural areas are gradually transitioning to energy-saving electric vehicles, whose innovative designs are gaining favor among young consumers. 【详解】考查动词、名词、短语和定语从句。“农村地区”为“rural areas”，“逐步”为“gradually”，“过渡到”为“transition to”，“节能型电动汽车”为“energy-saving electric vehicles”，“创新设计”为“innovative designs”，“受某人青睐”为“gain favor among sb”，“年轻消费者”为“young consumers”，“节能型电动汽车”和“创新设计”为所属关系，则使用whose引导的定语从句，“农村地区正在逐步过渡到使用节能型电动汽车”使用现在进行时，为“Rural areas are gradually transitioning to energy-saving electric vehicles.”，定语从句部分为“whose innovative designs are gaining favor among young consumers”，故翻译为Rural areas are gradually transitioning to energy-saving electric vehicles, whose innovative designs are gaining favor among young consumers. 25．（2024·上海金山·一模）这个国家不顾人民的安危将废水排入大海，这个行为受到了当地渔民和邻国人民的强烈抗议。(which) 【答案】This country ignored the safety of people dumping wastewater into the sea, which sparked strong protest from local fishermen and people in neighbouring countries. 【详解】考查定语从句、时态和非谓语。表示“这个国家”应用this country；表示“忽视”应用ignore；表示“人们的安危”应用the safety of people；表示“将废水排入大海”应用dump wastewater into the sea，dump和this country为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式作状语；表示“受到了强烈抗议”应用spark strong protest；表示“来自当地渔民和邻国人民”应用from local fishmen and people in neighbouring countries；句子陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，ignore和spark的过去式分别是ignored和sparked；“这个行为受到了当地渔民和邻国人民的强烈抗议”处理为非限制性定语从句，先行词是主句，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故翻译成：This country ignored the safety of people dumping wastewater into the sea, which sparked strong protest from local fishermen and people in neighbouring countries。 26．（2024·上海金山·一模）凡今天购买这款手机的顾客可享七折优惠。(discount) 【答案】Customers who purchase this mobile phone today can enjoy a 30% discount. 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。主语为复数名词customers，后跟who引导的定语从句，表示“今天购买这款手机”翻译为purchase this mobile phone today；表示“可享七折优惠”翻译为can enjoy a 30% discount。为一般现在时。故翻译为Customers who purchase this mobile phone today can enjoy a 30% discount. 27．（2024·上海长宁·一模）中美领导人在旧金山会晤，意义非凡，吸引了世界的关注，推动了中美关系的发展。(importance) 【答案】The meeting between Chinese and American presidents/leaders in San Francisco was of significant importance, which attracted the worldwide attention and promoted the Sino-US relation./The meeting between Chinese and American presidents/leaders in San Francisco was of significant importance, attracting the worldwide attention and promoting the Sino-US relation. 【详解】考查名词短语、动词短语、定语从句和非谓语动词。“中美领导人在旧金山会晤”是主语，使用名词短语the meeting between Chinese and American presidents/leaders in San Francisco，为单数，“意义非凡”为系表结构，用be of significant importance，此处是过去发生的事情，时态宜用一般过去式，be动词用was，“吸引了世界的关注，推动了中美关系的发展”可用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，对前面的句子进行补充说明，which在从句中作主语，“吸引了世界的关注”可用动词短语attracted the worldwide attention，“推动了中美关系的发展”可用动词短语promoted the Sino-US relation，或用现在分词形式作结果状语，动词attract和promote用现在分词形式。故译为：The meeting between Chinese and American presidents/leaders in San Francisco was of significant importance, which attracted the worldwide attention and promoted the Sino-US relation. 28．（2024·上海闵行·一模）她梦想记录祖国的壮丽风景, 这激励她去探索自然中尚未被发现的角落，并通过摄影来保留那份美丽。(which) 【答案】She dreams of capturing the magnificent landscapes of her homeland, which motivates her to explore the untouched corners of nature and preserve its beauty through (with) her photography. 【详解】考查动词短语、形容词、名词以及定语从句。表示“梦想做某事”应用动词短语dream of doing sth；表示“记录”应用动词capture；表示“壮丽”应用形容词magnificent；表示“激励”应用动词motivate；表示“探索”应用动词explore；表示“摄影”应用名词photography。分析句子可知，表示“这……”应用which引导非限定性定语从句。故翻译为：She dreams of capturing the magnificent landscapes of her homeland, which motivates her to explore the untouched corners of nature and preserve its beauty through (with) her photography. 29．（23-24高三上·上海青浦·期末）我们都没有想到，那个曾经腼腆的男孩竟然能在演讲比赛中一举夺魁。 (It) 【答案】It never occurred to us that the boy who used to be/was shy should win the first prize in the speech contest. 【详解】考查时态、固定句型、定语从句。it occurs to sb that “（某人）想到……”为固定句型，结合句意“我们都没有想到”可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，故用It never occurred to us that，其中It为形式主语，that引导主语从句。主语从句中，表示“那个男孩竟然能在演讲比赛中一举夺魁”用the boy should win the first prize in the speech contest。表示“曾经腼腆的”用定语从句who used to be/was shy，先行词是the boy，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导。故翻译为It never occurred to us that the boy who used to be/was shy should win the first prize in the speech contest. 30．（21-22高三下·上海·阶段练习）这位忧心忡忡的母亲直到成功为她一周没吃过蔬菜的儿子在送餐应用上抢到了2公斤 卷心菜，才感到如释重负。(Not until …) 【答案】Not until this anxious/worried/concerned mother succeeded in ordering two kilograms of cabbage on the food-delivery app for her son, who hadn’t eaten vegetables for a week, did she feel relieved. 【详解】考查短语、时态、定语从句和倒装。not until直到……才……，位于句首，主句要部分倒装。 succeeded in doing sth.成功做某事； two kilograms of 两公斤； on the food-delivery app 在送餐应用上；for a week(持续)一星期。句中先行词为her son，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为Not until this anxious/worried/concerned mother succeeded in ordering two kilograms of cabbage on the food-delivery app for her son, who hadn’t eaten vegetables for a week, did she feel relieved. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$