核心语法知识夯基10 非谓语动词（精讲精练）-2025届高三英语一轮复习闯关攻略

非谓语动词（讲义） 目录 一 非谓语动词的形式  二 非谓语动词的作用  三 易错题解读 四 高考模拟试题 非谓语动词的形式  非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下：  1. 不定式  ①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来） ②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来） ③进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行） ④完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成） ⑤完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成） ⑥完成进行式：to have been doing （表示主动和完成进行）  例如： The teacher told us to do morning exercises . 老师让我们做早操。  The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。  She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时，她假装正在读书。  The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。  The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。  She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。  2. 动名词  ①基本形式：doing （表示主动） ②被动式：being done（表示被动） ③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成） ④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）   例如： Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。  Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans.Freddy和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。  I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。  Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。  3. 现在分词  ①基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行） ②被动式：being done（表示被动和进行） ③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成） ④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成） 例如： He sat there，reading a newspaper.他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。  The area being studied may be rich in coal.这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。  Having finished my homework，I began to watch TV.完成作业后，我开始看电视。  Having been told many times，she still can't remember it.已经被告诉了很多次，她仍然记不住。  4. 过去分词：done   及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。polluted river 被污染的河流fallen leaves 落叶  注意：非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的：和谓语动作同时发生表示进行；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。 非谓语动词的作用  非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。  1. 不定式：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。  To learn a foreign language is difficult .（作主语）学会一门外语是很难的。  It’s easy to see their aunt.（作真正主语，it做形式主语）很容易见到他们的姑姑。  Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.（作宾语）汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。  His wish is to be a driver.（作表语）他的愿望是当一名司机。  I have nothing to say.（作定语）我没有什么可说的。  The teacher told us to do morning exercises . （作宾语补足语）老师让我们做早操。  They went to see their aunt. （目的状语）他们去见他们的姑姑。   2. 动名词：做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。  Learning English is very difficult .（作主语）学英语非常困难。  I enjoy dancing.（作动词宾语）我喜欢跳舞。   I have got used to living in the country.（作介词宾语）我已经习惯了住农村。  His job is driving a bus.（作表语）他的工作是开车。  3. 现在分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。  The story is interesting.这个故事有趣。  He sat there，reading a newspaper.（作状语）他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。  The area being studied may be rich in coal.（作定语）这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。  He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.（作宾补）他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。  4. 过去分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。  He is interested in the news.（作表语）他对这则消息很感兴趣。  polluted river（做定语） 被污染的河流  Given more time,I can do my work better.（做状语）如果再被多给些时间，我会把工作做得更好。  I found my watch stolen.（做宾补）我发现我的手表被偷了。 易错题解读 非谓语动词作状语易混易错点 【分析】非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。 现在分词：doing表示主动关系，表伴随、自然而然的结果、原因、条件等; having done强调动作发生在主句谓语之前。having done强调被动且完成的动作。 过去分词：表被动，表时间、原因、条件等。 不定式： 作目的状语，用于句中时不能用逗号。 不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。作原因、程度等状语。用于固定短语中。 非谓语动词作定语易混易错点 现在分词：表示主动或正在进行的动作。being done表示被动且正进行的动作，作后置定语。 过去分词：表被动，易与谓语动词被动被动语态be done和谓语动词主动语态的过去时混淆。 不定式： 需跟不定式的名词：ability, attempt, decision, effort, failure, way, promise等。 现在分词与过去分词作补语易混易错点 现在分词：作宾补时，表示主动或正进行。 过去分词：在表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾补。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice, feel等；在“使”动词后作宾补。如：have, get, keep, leave, make等。 不定式：常跟不定式作宾补的动词：allow，ask，beg，cause , command, elect, forbid, force, get, help, intend, invite, would like, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, teach, advise, wish, encourage, instruct, urge等. 非谓语动词作宾语易混易错点 常跟动名词作宾语的动词或短语：finish , practice, enjoy, mind, avoid, admit, appreciate, feel like, suggest, stand, risk，consider, escape, miss, delay, dislike, imagine, understand, look forward to, insist on, be busy, can't help, get down to, be worth等。 常接不定式作宾语的动词:afford，agree，arrange, ask,care， choose, decide , demand, determine, expect, hope, manage，of- fer，plan,， prepare ， pretend，promise ，refuse，want, wish, aim， fail , long, happen, hesitate , struggle , attempt, volunteer, desire 等。在wh-疑问词后常跟不定式作宾语。 非谓语动词作表语和主语易混易错点 作主语：动名词、不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 作表语：动名词作表语说明主语的内容；现在分词作表语说明主语的性质；过去分词作表语说明人的状态、表情或感受。当主语部分有all/what/everything/do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号to。 非谓语动词作状语易混易错点 【例1】 The tablet, (find) in Jindong Village, measures 1.4 meters high, 0.61 meters wide, and 0.14 meters thick. 易错分析：不能正确分析句子结构，误判断句子的谓语，容易错填为was found或finding。 Dr. Wang began to question the umbrella species narrative and carried out research, only (find) that panda conservation had not helped large carnivores in China. 易错分析：没有理解句子逻辑意思，未能掌握不定式作结果状语的用法是两大错误原因。 The study, which appeared in the journal PLOS Medicine, indicates that individuals who take in higher-than-average amounts of artificial sweetener are 13% more likely _ (suffer) from cancer. 易错分析：固定搭配没有牢记，be willing to do, be likely to do, be sorry to do等be+adj.+to需牢记。 _______ (dress) in a full body suit of ice, a symbol of purity and strength, the panda wears a helmet with colored halo. 易错分析：没有理解dress作动词与人之间是被动关系，并且其与主语the panda的关系。 非谓语动词作定语易混易错点 【例2】 Huawei, which has endured years of US sanctions, surprised the world on Aug 29, with an unadvertised announcement -the launch of its latest high-end smartphone, the Mate 60 Pro, (price) at 6,999 yuan ($964). 易错分析：长难句结构不会划分，不理解句意，同时不能掌握price的动词词义。应当首先提炼主干Huawei surprise the world. A resort (度假胜地) in Vietnam has opened a glass-bottomed foot bridge, the third such bridge in the Southeast Asian country, ______ (connect) two mountains. 易错分析：长难句结构划分错误，不理解非谓语动词与所修饰词之间的关系，句意理解错误。 There are many ways (enjoy) spring bamboo shoots, from nutritious soups to fun snacks. A stone tablet(牌匾) (date) back to the year 1693, which falls within the Qing Dynasty(1644—1911), was discovered in Daming County, north China’s Hebei Province, said local authorities. 易错分析：未能瞻前顾后发现谓语动词,误将date视作谓语，且date为不及物动词，不能用被动。 非谓语动词作补语易混易错点 【例3】This film not only identifies with the Chinese people but also allows the world __ (explore) the rich tradition of Tang poetry and the “Chinese Poetry Universe.” 易错分析：长难句分析错误造成句意不明了，不能判断其作宾语补足语的用法。 It is estimated that by the end of this year, the number of people using hanfu products in China will reach 6.89 million, with total sales (expect) to reach 10.16 billion yuan. 易错分析：句子结构错误，不完全了解逻辑意思，没有掌握with的复合结构的用法。 When she spotted such abandoned goods, she put a pair of eyeball-shaped stickers on them before publishing notes on her social media accounts, and guiding others_____ ( pick) them up from the streets. With more demand (come) from domestic market, artists began painting different subjects. 易错分析：误将come当作谓语，不能正确分析宾语demand和补语的逻辑关系是两个错误原因。 非谓语动词作宾语易混易错点 【例4】One should be clear about what (love) or hate. Ren comes from learning and self-cultivation: it can be seen from a person’s appearance. 易错分析：没有牢记只跟不定式作宾语的词以及搭配。 What’s more, Chinese Culture Centers in Cairo, Paris, Berlin, Tokyo and Denmark, to name a few, are introducing China by holding cultural activities, opening training classes, and (build) libraries. 易错分析：长难句结构划分错误影响句子成分的判断是错误的直接原因。 Confucius believes that being benevolent does not mean_________ (be)without principles. 易错分析：句意理解错误会混淆mean后面to do和doing的用法。mean to do表示“打算”。 Shyness makes it difficult (meet) new people and make friends. 非谓语动词作表语和主语易混易错点 【例5】As an expert for the Baby Annabell Ask The Experts campaign, people have asked me if (have) a shy personality is something we are born with or if it’s something we develop based on our experiences. 易错分析：长难句拆解错误，未能判断if从句中缺少主语是错误根本原因。 For Wang, (win) this title is just the beginning of a promising future. The rising star said he would head to the top spots in the professional arena. 易错分析：现在分词的变化形式中的特殊形式记忆不牢。 It has indeed been a growing trend for urban residents ________(volunteer) in rural areas. 易错分析：句子结构分析不清楚，影响正确翻译句意，未能判断真正的主语。 What you've said is _________ (convince), so I'll take your advice. 易错分析：如果句子结构不理解，句意便会出错，容易误填过去分词。 convincing 考查非谓语动词作表语。句意：你说的话令人信服，因此，我将接受你的建议。so表示因果关系的并列连词，设空处为非谓语动词作表语，主语是what引导的主语从句。convincing表示“令人信服的”。 高考模拟试题 一、单项选择 1．（2024·天津河北·二模）Mr. Smith is looking for a classroom that is big enough _________ all the students. A．to be held B．to hold C．to have held D．to be holding 2．（2024·山东·三模）Helen’s smartphone doesn’t work. She has to get it ________. A．to be repairing B．repairing C．to repair D．repaired 3．（2024·天津河北·二模）Nowadays doctors can perform incredibly precise operations ______ advanced robotics and live imaging technology. A．using B．used C．having used D．having been used 4．（2024·天津·二模）It is recently reported that the number of people ______ a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change their cooking in some way. A．stick to B．sticking to C．stuck to D．having stuck to 5．（2024·天津和平·二模）Many people have no idea what to do when a disaster strikes. _______ is the best way to increase your chances of survival. A．Prepared B．Having prepared C．Prepare D．Being prepared 6．（2024·天津河东·二模）Jerry received 3 text messages from his bank, ________ him that 3 online payments had just been made from his account. A．informed B．to inform C．informing D．inform 7．（2024·天津·二模）__________ by his actions, she quietly walked away, cutting off all contact with him from that moment on. A．Disappointing B．Disappointed C．To disappoint D．Being disappointed 8．（2024·天津·一模）When I entered the room, I found Emily seated quietly on the sofa, her eyes ______ on the storybook. A．fixed B．fixing C．to fix D．to be fixed 9．（2024·山东济南·二模）--I’m sure you have a plan. --Erm, yes, we are considering ______a trip around the island. A．take B．to take C．to be taking D．taking 10．（2024·天津·二模）______ safety checks outside, the ground recovery team opened the Shenzhou X capsule and conducted an examination of the astronauts’ health. A．To follow B．Following C．Having followed D．Followed 11．（2024·天津·二模）A variety of applications with filters  ________ in allow users to soften wrinkles or adjust the size and shape of their facial features. A．to build B．building C．built D．having been built 12．（2024·天津·二模）The headmaster blamed the naughty student caught ________ flowers in the garden. A．to be picking B．picking C．to pick D．to have picked 13．（2024·天津·二模）A fisherman claimed to have witnessed a giant sea turtle this morning _______ almost two meters long. A．measured B．having measured C．measuring D．to be measured 14．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）Celebrated American author F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, ______ in the 1920s, reveals the emptiness and anxiety of the society then. A．setting B．set C．to set D．having set 15．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）It’s important to share China’s wisdom-filled art with people worldwide, truly ______ traditional Chinese culture to be understood. A．allowed B．to allow C．allowing D．being allowed 16．（2024·天津北辰·三模）Shops in Winsor Castle offer a wide range of souvenirs ______ for the Royal Collection, including books, postcards, china, jewellery, and children’s toys. A．designing B．to be designed C．being designed D．designed 17．（2024·天津河北·一模）When Mrs Smith arrived at her company, she saw her office ________ dark blue by some workers. A．to paint B．painting C．being painted D．to be painted 18．（2024·天津·一模）Hate speech on the Internet causes violence, and undermines diversity and social unity, ________ the common values and principles that bond us together. A．to threaten B．having threatened C．threatening D．threatened 19．（2024·天津·一模）The shopkeeper and assistants will get all these goods ordered ______ to the customers today. A．to deliver B．delivering C．deliver D．delivered 20．（2024·天津和平·一模）The actor is believed ______ the TV drama soon due to personal reasons. A．to have left B．to leave C．to be left D．to have been left 二、翻译 21．（2024·上海浦东新·三模）网络红包的乐趣在于它的未知性，因为收到红包的人只有打开它时才知道自己到底抢到了多少钱。(until) 22．（2024·上海浦东新·三模）景区可利用短视频提升知名度，助力文旅宣传。(facilitate) 23．（2024·上海普陀·二模）这部电影充满正能量，它用一个女孩的成长经历激励人们在人生道路上不断挑战自我，努力成为更好的自己。（which） 24．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）面对网络时代的冲击，实体商店必须寻求创新之道，才能在激烈的竞争中生存，否则将不可避免地退出历史舞台。(survive) 25．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）对于有选择困难症的人来说，决定午餐吃什么都会困扰他们，更别提做一个重大的人生抉择了。 26．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）你能告诉我怎样架设这个梯子，才能使其既稳定又安全吗？(so that) 27．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）作为年轻人，我们具有极强的创造力，可以大胆设想、勇敢探索。(As …) 28．（2024·上海长宁·二模）公司感受到了威胁, 其应对策略是书写长长的警示标签，试图预见可能发生的事故。（respond） 29．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）作为首个致力于城市规划和建设成果的展览中心，它追朔了这座城市从早期到21世纪的惊人演变。（dedicate） 30．（2024·上海闵行·二模）这个提案聚焦如何保护青少年自由活跃的天性，我觉得评审小组会感兴趣。(appeal to) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 非谓语动词（讲义） 目录 一 非谓语动词的形式  二 非谓语动词的作用  三 易错题解读 四 高考模拟试题 非谓语动词的形式  非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下：  1. 不定式  ①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来） ②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来） ③进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行） ④完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成） ⑤完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成） ⑥完成进行式：to have been doing （表示主动和完成进行）  例如： The teacher told us to do morning exercises . 老师让我们做早操。  The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。  She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时，她假装正在读书。  The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。  The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。  She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。  2. 动名词  ①基本形式：doing （表示主动） ②被动式：being done（表示被动） ③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成） ④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）   例如： Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。  Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans.Freddy和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。  I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。  Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。  3. 现在分词  ①基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行） ②被动式：being done（表示被动和进行） ③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成） ④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成） 例如： He sat there，reading a newspaper.他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。  The area being studied may be rich in coal.这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。  Having finished my homework，I began to watch TV.完成作业后，我开始看电视。  Having been told many times，she still can't remember it.已经被告诉了很多次，她仍然记不住。  4. 过去分词：done   及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。polluted river 被污染的河流fallen leaves 落叶  注意：非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的：和谓语动作同时发生表示进行；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。 非谓语动词的作用  非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。  1. 不定式：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。  To learn a foreign language is difficult .（作主语）学会一门外语是很难的。  It’s easy to see their aunt.（作真正主语，it做形式主语）很容易见到他们的姑姑。  Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.（作宾语）汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。  His wish is to be a driver.（作表语）他的愿望是当一名司机。  I have nothing to say.（作定语）我没有什么可说的。  The teacher told us to do morning exercises . （作宾语补足语）老师让我们做早操。  They went to see their aunt. （目的状语）他们去见他们的姑姑。   2. 动名词：做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。  Learning English is very difficult .（作主语）学英语非常困难。  I enjoy dancing.（作动词宾语）我喜欢跳舞。   I have got used to living in the country.（作介词宾语）我已经习惯了住农村。  His job is driving a bus.（作表语）他的工作是开车。  3. 现在分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。  The story is interesting.这个故事有趣。  He sat there，reading a newspaper.（作状语）他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。  The area being studied may be rich in coal.（作定语）这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。  He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.（作宾补）他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。  4. 过去分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。  He is interested in the news.（作表语）他对这则消息很感兴趣。  polluted river（做定语） 被污染的河流  Given more time,I can do my work better.（做状语）如果再被多给些时间，我会把工作做得更好。  I found my watch stolen.（做宾补）我发现我的手表被偷了。 易错题解读 非谓语动词作状语易混易错点 【分析】非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。 现在分词：doing表示主动关系，表伴随、自然而然的结果、原因、条件等; having done强调动作发生在主句谓语之前。having done强调被动且完成的动作。 过去分词：表被动，表时间、原因、条件等。 不定式： 作目的状语，用于句中时不能用逗号。 不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。作原因、程度等状语。用于固定短语中。 非谓语动词作定语易混易错点 现在分词：表示主动或正在进行的动作。being done表示被动且正进行的动作，作后置定语。 过去分词：表被动，易与谓语动词被动被动语态be done和谓语动词主动语态的过去时混淆。 不定式： 需跟不定式的名词：ability, attempt, decision, effort, failure, way, promise等。 现在分词与过去分词作补语易混易错点 现在分词：作宾补时，表示主动或正进行。 过去分词：在表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾补。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice, feel等；在“使”动词后作宾补。如：have, get, keep, leave, make等。 不定式：常跟不定式作宾补的动词：allow，ask，beg，cause , command, elect, forbid, force, get, help, intend, invite, would like, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, teach, advise, wish, encourage, instruct, urge等. 非谓语动词作宾语易混易错点 常跟动名词作宾语的动词或短语：finish , practice, enjoy, mind, avoid, admit, appreciate, feel like, suggest, stand, risk，consider, escape, miss, delay, dislike, imagine, understand, look forward to, insist on, be busy, can't help, get down to, be worth等。 常接不定式作宾语的动词:afford，agree，arrange, ask,care， choose, decide , demand, determine, expect, hope, manage，of- fer，plan,， prepare ， pretend，promise ，refuse，want, wish, aim， fail , long, happen, hesitate , struggle , attempt, volunteer, desire 等。在wh-疑问词后常跟不定式作宾语。 非谓语动词作表语和主语易混易错点 作主语：动名词、不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 作表语：动名词作表语说明主语的内容；现在分词作表语说明主语的性质；过去分词作表语说明人的状态、表情或感受。当主语部分有all/what/everything/do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号to。 非谓语动词作状语易混易错点 【例1】 The tablet, (find) in Jindong Village, measures 1.4 meters high, 0.61 meters wide, and 0.14 meters thick. 易错分析：不能正确分析句子结构，误判断句子的谓语，容易错填为was found或finding。 【答案】found 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这块石碑出土于金洞村，高1.4米，宽0.61米，厚0.14米。本句的谓语动词是measures，所以该空在这里作定语，修饰The tablet，且与逻辑主语为被动关系，故填动词的-ed形式。故填found。 Dr. Wang began to question the umbrella species narrative and carried out research, only (find) that panda conservation had not helped large carnivores in China. 易错分析：没有理解句子逻辑意思，未能掌握不定式作结果状语的用法是两大错误原因。 【答案】to find 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：王博士开始质疑保护伞物种的说法，并进行了研究，结果发现保护熊猫并没有帮助中国的大型食肉动物。此处为only to do sth.，为不定式作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果。故填to find。 The study, which appeared in the journal PLOS Medicine, indicates that individuals who take in higher-than-average amounts of artificial sweetener are 13% more likely _ (suffer) from cancer. 易错分析：固定搭配没有牢记，be willing to do, be likely to do, be sorry to do等be+adj.+to需牢记。 【答案】to suffer 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：这项发表在《公共科学图书馆•医学》杂志上的研究表明，摄入高于平均水平的人工甜味剂的人患癌症的可能性要高13%。be likely to do sth.为固定短语，表示“有可能做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to suffer。 _______ (dress) in a full body suit of ice, a symbol of purity and strength, the panda wears a helmet with colored halo. 易错分析：没有理解dress作动词与人之间是被动关系，并且其与主语the panda的关系。 【答案】Dressed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：熊猫穿着象征纯洁和力量的全套冰衣，戴着带彩色光环的头盔。be dressed in“穿着”。应用过去分词作状语，第一个字母大写，故填Dressed。 非谓语动词作定语易混易错点 【例2】 Huawei, which has endured years of US sanctions, surprised the world on Aug 29, with an unadvertised announcement -the launch of its latest high-end smartphone, the Mate 60 Pro, (price) at 6,999 yuan ($964). 易错分析：长难句结构不会划分，不理解句意，同时不能掌握price的动词词义。应当首先提炼主干Huawei surprise the world. 【答案】priced 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：8月29日，遭受美国多年制裁的华为发布了一份未经宣传的公告，震惊了世界——发布了其最新的高端智能手机Mate 60 Pro，售价为6999元人民币（964美元）。分析句子结构可知price与逻辑主语the Mate 60 Pro构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，修饰名词短语the Mate 60 Pro。故填priced。 A resort (度假胜地) in Vietnam has opened a glass-bottomed foot bridge, the third such bridge in the Southeast Asian country, ______ (connect) two mountains. 易错分析：长难句结构划分错误，不理解非谓语动词与所修饰词之间的关系，句意理解错误。 【答案】connecting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：越南的一个度假胜地开设了一座玻璃底人行桥，这是东南亚国家的第三座这样的桥，连接两座山。句子的谓语为has opened，设空处作非谓语动词，connect与逻辑主语a glass-bottomed foot bridge之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填connecting。 There are many ways (enjoy) spring bamboo shoots, from nutritious soups to fun snacks. 【答案】to enjoy 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：享受春笋有很多方式，从营养汤到有趣的小吃。不定式作后置定语，修饰名词way。故填to enjoy。 A stone tablet(牌匾) (date) back to the year 1693, which falls within the Qing Dynasty(1644—1911), was discovered in Daming County, north China’s Hebei Province, said local authorities. 易错分析：未能瞻前顾后发现谓语动词,误将date视作谓语，且date为不及物动词，不能用被动。 【答案】dating 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：据当地政府称，在中国北部河北省大明县发现了一块1693年的清朝(1644-1911)石碑。本句的谓语动词是was discovered，空处为非谓语动词，A stone tablet与date back to为主动关系。所以用现在分词。故填dating。 非谓语动词作补语易混易错点 【例3】This film not only identifies with the Chinese people but also allows the world __ (explore) the rich tradition of Tang poetry and the “Chinese Poetry Universe.” 易错分析：长难句分析错误造成句意不明了，不能判断其作宾语补足语的用法。 【答案】to explore 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这部电影不仅认同中国人民，而且让世界探索唐诗的丰富传统和“中国诗歌宇宙”。固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。故填to explore。 It is estimated that by the end of this year, the number of people using hanfu products in China will reach 6.89 million, with total sales (expect) to reach 10.16 billion yuan. 易错分析：句子结构错误，不完全了解逻辑意思，没有掌握with的复合结构的用法。 【答案】expected 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：据估计，到今年年底，中国使用汉服产品的人数将达到689万人，总销售额预计将达到101.6亿元。句中构成with sth done的复合结构，此处sales与expect之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作宾补。故填expected。 When she spotted such abandoned goods, she put a pair of eyeball-shaped stickers on them before publishing notes on her social media accounts, and guiding others_____ ( pick) them up from the streets. 【答案】to pick 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当她发现这些被遗弃的物品时，她在上面贴了一对眼球形状的贴纸，然后在她的社交媒体账户上发布注释，并引导其他人从街上捡起这些物品。guide sb. to do sth.意为“指导某人做某事”。故填to pick。 With more demand (come) from domestic market, artists began painting different subjects. 易错分析：误将come当作谓语，不能正确分析宾语demand和补语的逻辑关系是两个错误原因。 【答案】coming 【解析】考查非谓语动词现在分词。句意：随着国内市场需求的增加，艺术家们开始画不同的主题。分析句子可知，此处是with复合结构，demand和come之间是逻辑上的主动关系，因此需使用现在分词表示主动，作宾补。故填coming。 非谓语动词作宾语易混易错点 【例4】One should be clear about what (love) or hate. Ren comes from learning and self-cultivation: it can be seen from a person’s appearance. 易错分析：没有牢记只跟不定式作宾语的词以及搭配。 【答案】to love 【解析】考查不定式。句意：一个人应该清楚地知道爱什么或恨什么。分析句子可知此处为“疑问词+不定式”作介词about的宾语，故填to love。 What’s more, Chinese Culture Centers in Cairo, Paris, Berlin, Tokyo and Denmark, to name a few, are introducing China by holding cultural activities, opening training classes, and (build) libraries. 易错分析：长难句结构划分错误影响句子成分的判断是错误的直接原因。 【答案】building 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，开罗、巴黎、柏林、东京、丹麦等地的中国文化中心正在通过举办文化活动、开设培训班、建设图书馆等方式介绍中国。根据上文opening training classes, and可知本句与上文构成并列非谓语结构，为动名词作介词的宾语。故填building。 Confucius believes that being benevolent does not mean_________ (be)without principles. 易错分析：句意理解错误会混淆mean后面to do和doing的用法。mean to do表示“打算”。 【答案】being 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：孔子认为，仁不等于无原则。mean doing sth.“意味着做某事”，用动名词作宾语，故填being。being。 Shyness makes it difficult (meet) new people and make friends. 【答案】to meet 【解析】考查非谓语。句意：害羞使你很难结识新朋友。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定结构make it + adj.+ to do sth.结构，其中it为形式宾语，不定式作真正的宾语。故填to meet。 非谓语动词作表语和主语易混易错点 【例5】As an expert for the Baby Annabell Ask The Experts campaign, people have asked me if (have) a shy personality is something we are born with or if it’s something we develop based on our experiences. 易错分析：长难句拆解错误，未能判断if从句中缺少主语是错误根本原因。 【答案】having 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在以if为连接词的宾语从句中做主语，使用动名词，故填having。 For Wang, (win) this title is just the beginning of a promising future. The rising star said he would head to the top spots in the professional arena. 易错分析：现在分词的变化形式中的特殊形式记忆不牢。 【答案】winning 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：对王发来说，赢得这个冠军只是他美好未来的开始。动名词作主语。故填winning。 It has indeed been a growing trend for urban residents ________(volunteer) in rural areas. 易错分析：句子结构分析不清楚，影响正确翻译句意，未能判断真正的主语。 【答案】to volunteer 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：城市居民到农村做志愿者确实是一个日益增长的趋势。考查非谓语动词担当主语，用动词不定式形式，构成句型：it + be + for +sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是……的。故填to volunteer。 What you've said is _________ (convince), so I'll take your advice. 易错分析：如果句子结构不理解，句意便会出错，容易误填过去分词。 【答案】convincing 【解析】考查非谓语动词作表语。句意：你说的话令人信服，因此，我将接受你的建议。so表示因果关系的并列连词，设空处为非谓语动词作表语，主语是what引导的主语从句。convincing表示“令人信服的”。 高考模拟试题 一、单项选择 1．（2024·天津河北·二模）Mr. Smith is looking for a classroom that is big enough _________ all the students. A．to be held B．to hold C．to have held D．to be holding 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：史密斯先生正在寻找一间足够大的教室，可以容纳所有的学生。“形容词/副词+enough to do sth”是固定搭配，意为“……足够……做……”，用不定式作结果状语，同时hold与逻辑主语a classroom之间是主动关系，用主动式to hold。故选B项。 2．（2024·山东·三模）Helen’s smartphone doesn’t work. She has to get it ________. A．to be repairing B．repairing C．to repair D．repaired 【答案】D 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：海伦的智能手机坏了。她得把它修好。此空为“get+宾语+宾补”结构，所以此处为非谓语动词短语作宾补，it指代的为smartphone，与repair之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式作宾补。故选D项。 3．（2024·天津河北·二模）Nowadays doctors can perform incredibly precise operations ______ advanced robotics and live imaging technology. A．using B．used C．having used D．having been used 【答案】A 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：如今，医生们可以利用先进的机器人技术和实时成像技术进行难以置信的精确手术。分析句子结构可知，use在句子中为非谓语动词，它和doctors之间为逻辑主动关系，因此使用现在分词作方式状语，故选A。 4．（2024·天津·二模）It is recently reported that the number of people ______ a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change their cooking in some way. A．stick to B．sticking to C．stuck to D．having stuck to 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最近有报道称，坚持传统饮食的人数正在缓慢下降，大约一半的英国消费者希望以某种方式改变他们的烹饪方式。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词people与stick to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故选B。 5．（2024·天津和平·二模）Many people have no idea what to do when a disaster strikes. _______ is the best way to increase your chances of survival. A．Prepared B．Having prepared C．Prepare D．Being prepared 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当灾难发生时，很多人都不知道该做什么。做好准备是提高生存几率的最佳方法。“_______ is the best way to increase your chances of survival.”中is之前的部分应为句子的主语，因此需要使用动名词形式或动名词短语作主语。prepare“准备”，be prepared“准备妥当”。选项A为过去式或过去分词，不可作主语；选项B为动名词的完成式，强调“准备”的动作先于谓语动作发生，但此处未明确表达此时间关系；选项C为动词原形，不能直接作主语；选项D为动名词的一般式，符合语法要求，表示“处于准备状态”的概念，适合充当句子主语。故选D。 6．（2024·天津河东·二模）Jerry received 3 text messages from his bank, ________ him that 3 online payments had just been made from his account. A．informed B．to inform C．informing D．inform 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：杰瑞从银行收到了三条短信，通知他刚刚从他的账户中进行了三笔在线支付。句中已有谓语received，空处作非谓语动词，messages和inform为主动关系，所以空处应用现在分词形式作状语。故选C项。 7．（2024·天津·二模）__________ by his actions, she quietly walked away, cutting off all contact with him from that moment on. A．Disappointing B．Disappointed C．To disappoint D．Being disappointed 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她对他的行为感到失望，悄悄地走开了，从那一刻起就切断了与他的一切联系。动词disappoint“使失望”和主语之间是被动关系，应用其过去分词作状语，表示原因，disappointed已转化为形容词，意为“感到失望的”，修饰人。故选B。 8．（2024·天津·一模）When I entered the room, I found Emily seated quietly on the sofa, her eyes ______ on the storybook. A．fixed B．fixing C．to fix D．to be fixed 【答案】A 【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：当我走进房间时，我发现艾米丽静静地坐在沙发上，眼睛盯着故事书。her eyes为独立主语，此处为独立主格结构，其中的动词fix应为非谓语形式，her eyes和fix为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故选A项。 9．（2024·山东济南·二模）--I’m sure you have a plan. --Erm, yes, we are considering ______a trip around the island. A．take B．to take C．to be taking D．taking 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：——我相信你已经有计划了。——嗯，是的，我们正在考虑环岛旅行。此处是固定搭配：consider doing sth.意为“考虑做某事”。故选D项。 10．（2024·天津·二模）______ safety checks outside, the ground recovery team opened the Shenzhou X capsule and conducted an examination of the astronauts’ health. A．To follow B．Following C．Having followed D．Followed 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在进行了安全检查后，地面回收小组打开了神舟十号太空舱，对宇航员的健康状况进行了检查。动词follow意为“（时间或顺序）在……后”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语构成主动关系，和谓语之间没有明显的先后关系，所以应用现在分词的一般式作状语。故选B。 11．（2024·天津·二模）A variety of applications with filters  ________ in allow users to soften wrinkles or adjust the size and shape of their facial features. A．to build B．building C．built D．having been built 【答案】C 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：各种内置滤镜的应用程序允许用户软化皱纹或调整面部特征的大小和形状。设空处为with的宾语补足语，和宾语 filters之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，构成with的复合结构，故选C。 12．（2024·天津·二模）The headmaster blamed the naughty student caught ________ flowers in the garden. A．to be picking B．picking C．to pick D．to have picked 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：校长指责那个被抓住在花园里摘花的淘气学生。短语catch sb doing sth，意为“抓到某人正在做某事”，符合句意，所以这里应用现在分词作补足语，caught ________flowers in the garden修饰the naughty student作后置定语，故选B。 13．（2024·天津·二模）A fisherman claimed to have witnessed a giant sea turtle this morning _______ almost two meters long. A．measured B．having measured C．measuring D．to be measured 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一位渔民声称今天早上看到了一只将近两米长的巨型海龟。本句谓语为claimed，此处为非谓语动词，且turtle与measure“（指尺寸、长短、数量等）量度为”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语。having measured强调测量的动作已完成，不符合题意，故排除。故选C。 14．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）Celebrated American author F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, ______ in the 1920s, reveals the emptiness and anxiety of the society then. A．setting B．set C．to set D．having set 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：美国著名作家弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的小说《了不起的盖茨比》，以1920年代为背景，揭示了当时社会的空虚与焦虑。be set in“以……为背景”为固定短语，空处在句中作非谓语，把be去掉即可。故选B项。 15．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）It’s important to share China’s wisdom-filled art with people worldwide, truly ______ traditional Chinese culture to be understood. A．allowed B．to allow C．allowing D．being allowed 【答案】C 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：与世界各地的人们分享中国充满智慧的艺术，真正让中国传统文化被理解是很重要的。空处为非谓语动词，allow与上文为逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词作状语。故选C项。 16．（2024·天津北辰·三模）Shops in Winsor Castle offer a wide range of souvenirs ______ for the Royal Collection, including books, postcards, china, jewellery, and children’s toys. A．designing B．to be designed C．being designed D．designed 【答案】D 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：温莎城堡的商店提供为皇家收藏设计的各种纪念品，包括书籍、明信片、瓷器、珠宝和儿童玩具。句中已有谓语offer，空处作非谓语动词，design和逻辑主语souvenirs是被动关系，且结合语意可知，design这一动作已经完成，空处应用design的过去分词形式作souvenirs的后置定语。故选D项。 17．（2024·天津河北·一模）When Mrs Smith arrived at her company, she saw her office ________ dark blue by some workers. A．to paint B．painting C．being painted D．to be painted 【答案】C 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：当史密斯夫人到达她的公司时，她看到她的办公室被一些工人漆成了深蓝色。设空处为宾语补足语，表示看见某事正在发生，应用现在分词作补足语，和宾语her office之间是被动关系，所以应用现在分词的被动语态，故选C。 18．（2024·天津·一模）Hate speech on the Internet causes violence, and undermines diversity and social unity, ________ the common values and principles that bond us together. A．to threaten B．having threatened C．threatening D．threatened 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：互联网上的仇恨言论会引发暴力，逐渐破坏多样性和社会团结，威胁到将我们联系在一起的共同价值观和原则。分析句子结构并根据句意，这里表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词的一般式，作结果状语。故选C。 19．（2024·天津·一模）The shopkeeper and assistants will get all these goods ordered ______ to the customers today. A．to deliver B．delivering C．deliver D．delivered 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：店主和助手们今天会把订购的货物全部送到顾客手中。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语get sth done“使某事被做”，其中ordered为过去分词作后置定语，修饰all these goods；因为all these goods ordered与deliver之间为逻辑上存在动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。故选D项。 20．（2024·天津和平·一模）The actor is believed ______ the TV drama soon due to personal reasons. A．to have left B．to leave C．to be left D．to have been left 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据信，由于个人原因，这位演员很快就会离开这部电视剧。be believed to do意为“据信做某事”，leave“离开”和The actor逻辑上是主动关系，不需要用被动语态，可排除C和D项，且结合“soon”可知，leave的行为没有已经完成，不需要用完成式。故选B。 二、翻译 21．（2024·上海浦东新·三模）网络红包的乐趣在于它的未知性，因为收到红包的人只有打开它时才知道自己到底抢到了多少钱。(until) 【答案】The joy of online red packet lies in its unpredictability, for the one receiving it will never know how much he has grabbed until he opens it. 【详解】考查固定搭配、非谓语动词、并列句、宾语从句和状语从句。根据汉语中的“因为……”可知，这里可用for引出表示原因的句子，for表示“因为”；根据汉语中的“只有……才……”可知，这里应用not/never until(直到……才)表示。“网络红包”可表示为online red packet；“……的乐趣”可表示为the joy of；“在于”可表示为lie in，为固定搭配；“未知性”可表示为unpredictability；“收到”可表示为receive，“红包”在前面已经提及，这里可用it代指，根据句中的“收到红包的人”可知，这里特指收到红包的那个人，应用the one表示，且“收到红包”作定语修饰the one，receive和the one之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，即the one receiving it；“打开”可表示为open；“知道”可表示为know；“抢到了多少钱”作“知道”的宾语，可用how much引导的宾语从句how much he has grabbed表示。故本句可翻译为：The joy of online red packet lies in its unpredictability, for the one receiving it will never know how much he has grabbed until he opens it. 22．（2024·上海浦东新·三模）景区可利用短视频提升知名度，助力文旅宣传。(facilitate) 【答案】Scenic spots can use short videos to raise reputation/profile and facilitate the cultural tourism promotion. 【详解】考查动词。“景区”可以翻译为“scenic spots”，在句中作主语。“可利用”可以翻译为“can use”，该结构在句中作谓语。“短视频”可翻译为“short videos”，在句中作use的宾语。“提升知名度”可翻译为“raise reputation/profile”，“助力”可用动词“facilitate”，“文化宣传”可翻译为“the cultural tourism promotion”，该名词短语作facilitate的宾语。“raise reputation/profile and facilitate the cultural tourism promotion”为并列的目的状，所以需要动词不定式。故翻译为Scenic spots can use short videos to raise reputation/profile and facilitate the cultural tourism promotion. 23．（2024·上海普陀·二模）这部电影充满正能量，它用一个女孩的成长经历激励人们在人生道路上不断挑战自我，努力成为更好的自己。（which） 【答案】This film is full of positive energy, which uses a girl’s experience of growing up to inspire people to challenge themselves in life and try to be a better version of themselves. 【详解】考查短语、非谓语、时态和定语从句。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。“这部电影”翻译为this film，在句中作主语；“充满”用短语be full of；“正能量”翻译为 positive energy；陈述前面的一件事，用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句；“用一个女孩的成长经历”翻译为 use a girl’s experience of growing up，后接不定式作目的状语；“激励某人做某事”用短语inspire sb. to do sth.；“挑战自我”用短语challenge oneselve；“人生道路上”翻译为in life；“努力做某事”用短语try to do sth.；“成为更好的自己”翻译为be a better version of themselves。故翻译为This film is full of positive energy, which uses a girl’s experience of growing up to inspire people to challenge themselves in life and try to be a better version of themselves. 24．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）面对网络时代的冲击，实体商店必须寻求创新之道，才能在激烈的竞争中生存，否则将不可避免地退出历史舞台。(survive) 【答案】Faced with/Facing the impact of the Internet era/age, physical stores must seek innovative/creative ways to survive (in) the intense/fierce competition, or they will inevitably withdraw from the historical stage/step off the stage of history. 【详解】考查非谓语和时态。“面对”be faced with，在句中作状语，把be去掉即可，或及物动词face“面对”与句子主语physical stores构成主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，“网络时代的冲击”the impact of the Internet era/age作with或facing的宾语，句子主语“实体商店”physical stores，“必须”用情态动词must，后接动词原形形式，“寻求”seek，后接宾语“创新的方法”innovative/creative ways，“在激烈的竞争中生存”survive (in) the intense/fierce competition，survive用不定式形式作目的状语，“否则”or，并列连词连接前后两个句子，“他们”they，描述将要发生的动作，应用一般将来时，“不可避免地”inevitably，置于助动词will后，“退出历史舞台” withdraw from the historical stage或step off the stage of history，动词withdraw和step都用动词原形形式。故翻译为Faced with/Facing the impact of the Internet era/age, physical stores must seek innovative/creative ways to survive (in) the intense/fierce competition, or they will inevitably withdraw from the historical stage/step off the stage of history. 25．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）对于有选择困难症的人来说，决定午餐吃什么都会困扰他们，更别提做一个重大的人生抉择了。 【答案】For those who have difficulty/trouble/a hard time (in) making choices, deciding what to eat for lunch can bother/trouble them, let alone making a big life decision.或For people with choice difficulties, they are bothered with/by deciding what to eat for lunch, let alone making a major life decision. 【详解】考查定语从句和动名词。描述现在的一般情况，应用一般过去时。介词“对于”For，“那些……的人” those who，who引导修饰those的定语从句，指代先行词those，并在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词用复数形式，“做某事有困难”have difficulty/trouble/a hard time (in) doing，have用原形形式，“做选择”make choices，make用动名词形式作in的宾语，“决定午餐吃什么”decide what to eat for lunch，decide用动名词形式作主语，表示“可能，会”用情态动词can，后接动词原形“困扰”bother/trouble，宾语“他们”them，“更别提”let alone...，“做重大的人生抉择”make a big life decision，make用动名词形式作宾语。或：介词“对于”For，“人们”people，“有选择困难”with choice difficulties，介词短语作定语修饰people，主语“他们”they，“被……困扰”be bothered with/by，they作主语，be用are，后接“决定”decide的动名词形式作宾语，“午饭吃什么”what to eat for lunch，“更别提”let alone...，“做重大的人生抉择”make a major life decision，make用动名词形式作宾语。故翻译为：For those who have difficulty/trouble/a hard time (in) making choices, deciding what to eat for lunch can bother/trouble them, let alone making a big life decision.或For people with choice difficulties, they are bothered with/by deciding what to eat for lunch, let alone making a major life decision. 26．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）你能告诉我怎样架设这个梯子，才能使其既稳定又安全吗？(so that) 【答案】Can you tell me how to set up/place the ladder so that it can be steady/stable and safe to climb? 【详解】考查一般疑问句、疑问词+to do结构、目的状语从句。观察句子可知，这是Can开头的一般疑问句，表示“告诉我”用tell me，宾语为“怎样架设这个梯子”用how+to do结构，表示“架设”用set up/place，表示“这个梯子”用the ladder，“才能”用so that引导的目的状语从句，用it指代梯子，表示“能够”用can，其后用be动词原形，表示“稳定又安全”用steady/stable and safe，to climb为不定式作状语。故翻译为Can you tell me how to set up/place the ladder so that it can be steady/stable and safe to climb? 27．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）作为年轻人，我们具有极强的创造力，可以大胆设想、勇敢探索。(As …) 【答案】As young individuals, we possess immense creativity, allowing us to imagine boldly and explore fearlessly. /As young individuals, we are very creative, full of imagination and brave/courageous to explore. 【详解】考查时态、介词短语、非谓语动词。表示“作为年轻人”含义的表达为：as young individuals；表示“具有极强的创造力”可以用动词短语possess immense creativity或be very creative，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时；表示“可以大胆设想、勇敢探索”含义的表达为：allow us to imagine boldly and explore fearlessly，因该表达在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词，又因与逻辑主语we之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，该表达还可以使用形容词短语，翻译为：full of imagination and brave或courageous to explore，故翻译为：As young individuals, we possess immense creativity, allowing us to imagine boldly and explore fearlessly. /As young individuals, we are very creative, full of imagination and brave/courageous to explore. 28．（2024·上海长宁·二模）公司感受到了威胁, 其应对策略是书写长长的警示标签，试图预见可能发生的事故。（respond） 【答案】Feeling/Being threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate /foresee any possible accident. 【详解】考查非谓语动词和短语。表示“感受到了威胁”应用现在分词短语feeling/being threatened，作状语；主语为复数名词companies；表示“应对”应用respond；表示“书写长长的警示标签”应用by writing ever-longer warning labels；表示“试图”短语为try to do sth.，为现在分词短语作状语，表示“预见可能发生的事故”翻译为anticipate /foresee any possible accident。为一般过去时。故翻译为Feeling/Being threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate /foresee any possible accident. 29．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）作为首个致力于城市规划和建设成果的展览中心，它追朔了这座城市从早期到21世纪的惊人演变。（dedicate） 【答案】As the first exhibition center dedicated to urban planning and construction achievements, it traces the breathtaking evolution of the city from its early days to its 21st century. 【详解】考查句子结构，非谓语，名词短语和介词短语。分析可知，“作为首个致力于城市规划和建设成果的展览中心”为伴随状语，用“介词as+名词短语”的结构表达。其中，“首个”用序数词“the first”表达；“展览中心”用名词短语“exhibition center”表达；“致力于城市规划和建设成果的”作“exhibition center”的后置定语，“致力于”用动词短语“dedicate (sth) to...”表达，与所修饰词之间为被动关系，应是过去分词形式“dedicated to”；“城市规划和建设成果”用名词短语“urban planning and construction achievements”表达。因此，该部分翻译为“as the first exhibition center dedicated to urban planning and construction achievements”。句子主语“它”用“it”表达；“追朔”用动词“trace”表达，作谓语，结合语境，用一般现在时表客观事实，主语为三单，动词用单数“traces”；“这座城市的惊人的演变”用名词短语“the breathtaking evolution of the city”表达，作宾语；“从早期到21世纪”用介词短语“from the early days to its 21st century”表达。因此，该部分翻译为“it traces the breathtaking evolution of the city from its early days to its 21st century”。故译为：As the first exhibition center dedicated to urban planning and construction achievements, it traces the breathtaking evolution of the city from its early days to its 21st century. 30．（2024·上海闵行·二模）这个提案聚焦如何保护青少年自由活跃的天性，我觉得评审小组会感兴趣。(appeal to) 【答案】The proposal/bill focuses on how to protect teenagers’ nature of freedom and activeness, which I think will appeal to the review group. 【详解】考查时态、定语从句、固定短语。表示“这个提案”用the proposal或the bill，做主语；表示“聚焦”用focus on；表示“如何保护青少年自由活跃的天性”用疑问词加不定式形式，即how to protect teenagers’ nature of freedom and activeness，作宾语；结合句意，应使用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数形式，故主句翻译为The proposal/bill focuses on how to protect teenagers’ nature of freedom and activeness；之后的部分可以用which引导非限制性定语从句，表示主句这件事会使得评审小组感兴趣；I think作为插入语放在引导词之后； appeal to sb.“对某人有吸引力”，为固定短语；表示“评审小组”用review group放在appeal to后作宾语；结合句子意思可知，该部分应使用一般将来时。故翻译为The proposal/bill focuses on how to protect teenagers’ nature of freedom and activeness, which I think will appeal to the review group. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$