核心语法知识夯基08 主谓一致（精讲精练）-2025届高三英语一轮复习闯关攻略

主谓一致（讲义） 目录 一 主谓一致的三条原则 二 主谓一致的各种情形 三 主谓一致易错点分析 四 高考模拟试题 主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致，句子的主语是第三人称单数，其谓语动词须用第三人称单数，主语是复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。 主谓一致的三条原则 　　英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：意义一致原则、语法一致原则和邻近原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则优先考虑。 1．语法一致原则 　　主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取第三人称单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。 e.g.Mr. Black is a well-known scientist on AIDS. 布莱克先生是著名艾滋科学家。 These books are intended for children under nine years old. 这些书是专门为九岁以下的儿童设计的。 2．意义一致原则 所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是以主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。 e.g.Three months has passed since you left. 你已离开三个月了。(three months表示单数概念。) The professor and writer is invited to many universities to deliver lectures. 这位教授兼作家被邀请到很多大学作报告。(教授与作家是同一个人，是单数。) The old are very well taken care of in our city. 老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。(the old指所有的老年人，为复数概念。) 3．邻近一致原则 邻近一致原则是指谓语动词的变化以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。 e.g.Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk. 他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。(根据靠近谓语的主语he而定。) Not Jack but his parents are to blame for the home accident. 不是杰克而是他父母应为这个家庭事故受到责备。 (根据靠近谓语的主语his parents而定。) 主谓一致的各种情形 1．并列结构作主语 并列结构作主语主要指主语是由并列的名词或名词短语构成，此时主要有如下几种情况。 （1）and及both…and…类 一般来说，两个单数主语用and连接，表示两个不同的人或物时，动词用复数；但如果两个并列的单数主语在意义上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念，则动词须用单数。 e.g.Her teacher and her friend are in the sitting-room. 她的老师和她的朋友都在客厅里。 A smile and handshake show welcome. 微笑和握手表示欢迎。 Bread and butter is healthful food. 涂有黄油的面包是一种有益于健康的食物。 The poet and writer has produced many works. 这个诗人兼作家写出了很多作品。 Truth and honesty is the best policy.真诚为上策。 Both Lily and Henry are my good friends. 莉莉和亨利都是我的好朋友。 Both my sister and I are interested in listening to music. 我和我妹妹都喜欢听音乐。 特别提示 and所连接的表示同一概念的短语有： a horse and cart　马车　　　　　a knife and fork　刀叉 a cup and saucer　茶盘　　　　　a watch and chain　手表 bread and butter　涂有黄油的面包 　　the poet and the writer则表示“诗人和画家”两个人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；而the poet and writer则表示“诗人兼作家”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 （2）each…and each…及every…and every…类 every…and every…，each…and each…或no…and no…作主语时，动词用单数。 e.g.Every man and (every) woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所做的工作感到骄傲。 Each boy and each girl has been invited to the tea-party. 每个男孩和每个女孩都被邀请参加茶话会了。 （3）not…but…，not only…but also，or，either…or…，neither…nor...类 在由not…but…，not only…but (also)，or，either…or，neither…nor等连接的并列主语中，谓语动词的人称和数应该和邻近它的主语相一致。 e.g.Tom or you are to blame. 应该怪汤姆或你。 Was he or you able to persuade her? 是你还是他劝服了她? Not you but I am to blame for the mistake. 不是你而是我该为此错误而受到责备。 Not only I but also my parents are fond of traveling around. 不仅我而且我父母也喜欢到处旅游。 Neither you nor I am fit for the work. 你和我都不适合这个工作。 Are neither you nor I fit for the work? 你和我都不适合这个工作吗? 2．不定代词作主语 （1）不定代词either，neither，each，one，the other，another，someone，somebody，something，anyone，anybody，anything，everyone，everybody，everything，nobody，no one，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 e.g.Someone has parked the car in the way. 有人把车停在了路上，挡住了去路。 No one is actually able to complete the work in such a short time. 没人能够在这么短的时间内完成这项工作。 特别提示： none作主语时如果指人或可数的物，表数目，谓语动词用单复数形式皆可；如果指不可数名词，表量，谓语动词用单数。 e.g.None of the students have made mistakes this time. 这次没有一个学生犯错误。 None of us is/are interested in your new subject. 我们中没人对你的新课题感兴趣。 Jimmy has used up all the money. None is left. 吉米把所有的钱都用光了，一点没留。 （2）neither/either of…作主语 “neither/either of+复数名词或复数形式的代词”作主语，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。 e.g.Either of the two stories is/are interesting. 这两个故事都很有趣。 Neither of us has/have received postcards this Christmas. 今年圣诞节我们两人谁也没收到贺卡。 Either of the children is/are eager to go home. 两个孩子都想回家。 I don’t think either of them has/have married. 我想他们两个都没结婚。 Neither of the topics has/have been discussed so far. 到目前为止这两个话题都没有被讨论过。 （3）the other two (…)等短语作主语 the other+基数词(+复数名词)，another+基数词(+复数名词)，both等作主语谓语动词用复数。 e.g.I keep only one apple for myself, and the other two are yours. 我只给自己留了一个苹果，另外两个给你。 Five people came to help, but another three were still needed. 已经有五个人来帮忙了，但我们还需要三个。 I’m very delighted that both are what we need. 我们很高兴两个都是我们所需要的。 （4）all作主语：all作主语，指人时谓语动词用复数，指物时常用单数。 e.g.All are present besides the professor. 所有的人都出席，包括那位教授。 All is going on very well. 一切顺利。 （5）each修饰的名词作主语：由each修饰的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；each位于复数主语后或句尾作同位语，谓语动词仍与主语一致。 e.g.Each student has a walkman which helps them improve their listening. 每个学生都有一个随身听，这对提高他们的听力大有帮助。 Each of the class has been given a gift. 班里的每一个学生都得到了一份礼物。 They each have won a prize. 他们每人都得了奖。 （6）such作主语：such作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式应根据其意义而定。 e.g.Such is Stephen Hawking，who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much. 这就是史蒂芬·霍金，遭受着巨大的痛苦而作出伟大成就的人。 Such are the difficulties that we are now faced with. 这就是我们现在所面临的困难。 Such as have plenty of money want more money. 那些有许多钱的人还想要更多的钱。 3．形容词的名词化作主语 有些形容词加上the(如the old，the blind，the living，the dead，the rich，the poor，the young，the deaf(等)，用来表示一类人时，其意义为复数，谓语动词需用复数形式。表示一类物或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。 e.g.The old are taken good care of in our country. 在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。 The poor are part of the people we help. 穷人是我们救助的一部分。 The injured have been sent to the hospital. 受伤人员已被送往医院。 The new is sure to replace the old. 新生事物一定会替代旧事物的。 The beautiful goes with the true and the good. 美总是和真、善相伴而生。 4．复数形式、单数意义的名词作主语 （1）以-ics结尾的学科名称的名词作主语时，谓语用单数。 e.g.Mathematics is the science of numbers. 数学是数字的科学。 Politics is often a topic for discussion among us. 政治是我们常常讨论的话题。 Physics is one of the hardest subjects for a middle school student. 物理是中学生感到最难的科目之一。 注意：以-ics结尾的表示学科名称的名词作主语时，若改变词义表示学科能力时，则用复数形式。 e.g.Her mathematics are weak. 她的数学很差。 （2）形式上是复数形式的专有名词作主语 专有名词如国名、人名、书名、组织机构等作主语，形式上虽然是复数，但谓语动词还是要用单数。 e.g.The United Nations was founded in 1945. 联合固是1945年建立的。 The United States is in North America. 美国位于北美洲。 The New York Times has a wide circulation. 《纽约时报》有很广的销路。 （3）以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛等名词作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式。 e.g.The Straits of Gibraltar haven’t lost their strategical importance. 直布罗陀海峡尚未丧失其战略上的重要地位。 The Himalayas extend along the border of India and China. 喜马拉雅山脉沿着中印边境一直延伸。 （4）表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语，通常看作整体，谓语用单数。 e.g.Two hours is a long time to take over a coffee. 用两个小时喝杯咖啡的时间足够长了。 Ten pounds was missing from the till. 钱柜里的钱丢了10镑。 Six hundred miles is a long distance. 六百英里是一段很长的距离。 5．集体名词作主语 （1）谓语动词只能用复数的情况：有些集体名词，如people，cattle，police等形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，谓语动词需用复数。 e.g.Traffic police are always very busy, especially at busy streets. 交通警察总是十分忙碌，特别是在繁忙的街道。 People read for pleasure during their spare time. 人们在业余时间读书自娱。 （2）谓语动词单复数皆可的情况 　　集体名词，如audience(观众)，army(军队)，class(班级)，crew(船员)，company(公司)，crowd(人群)，enemy(敌人)，family(家庭)，group(团，组)，government(政府)，public(公众)，population(人口)，team(队员)等作主语时，若视为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；若着眼于组成该集体的每个成员时，谓语动词则用复数。 e.g.His family was poor and he used to sit in the family garage and draw pictures. 他家很穷，他常常坐在他家的车库里画画。 My family are going on a trip this summer. 我们全家今年夏天要出外旅行。 The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas. 中国人口很多，其中80%的人口在农村。 （3）表示国家、人民的名词作主语的情况 有些以-sh，-ese，-ch结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用时表示复数含义，谓语动词用复数。 e.g.The English like to be with their families at Christmas. 英国人喜欢在圣诞节与家人团聚。 The Chinese are a hard-working people. 中华民族是一个勤劳的民族。 The French are fond of champagne. 法国人喜欢香槟酒。 6．含有修饰语的名词作主语 （1）含有量词的名词作主语 ①量词修饰由两个对应部分组成的名词 　　一些由两个对应部分组成一体的复数名词，如trousers(裤子)，pants(短裤)，glasses(眼镜)，scissors(剪刀)等作主语，前面若无a pair of，a suit of，a set of，a series of等这类的单位词，通常视为复数，谓语动词用复数。若带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。 e.g.My blue trousers have worn out. 我的蓝裤子已经穿破了。 This pair of glasses is very expensive. 这幅眼镜很贵。 The two pairs of scissors are Hangzhou-made. 这两把剪刀都是杭州制造的。 Two pieces of good news have been published on today’s evening paper. 今天的晚报报道了两条好消息。 ②特殊量词修饰普通名词 　　含有像pile(堆)，mountain(山)，row(排)，mass(很多)，cup(杯)，basket(篮)，box(箱)，pack(包)，packet(小包)等词修饰的短语作主语，谓语动词根据修饰语的单复数形式而定。 e.g.Piles of rubbish have not only blocked the way, but polluted the air as well. 成堆的垃圾不仅阻塞了道路，而且污染了环境。 A row of willows is lined on one side of the river. 河的一岸长着一排柳树。 Masses of work are to be done to welcome the new year. 为了迎接新年，我们还有很多活要干。 A packet of letters needs mailing. 一包信需要寄出。 ③ a group of和a couple of修饰复数名词，谓语动词用复数。 e.g.A group of boys and girls are dancing to welcome Children’s Day. 一群儿童在跳舞迎接儿童节。 A couple of days have passed since we parted. 我们分手已经有几天了。 ④ a number of，the number of短语修饰名词作主语 　　a number of意为“许多”，修饰可数名词复数时谓语一般也用复数；the number of意思为“……的数目”，作主语时，谓语用单数。 e.g.A number of the other plants were found in America. 在美洲还发现了许多别的作物。 The number of people who travel by plane in China is larger than ever before. 在中国乘飞机旅行的人数比以往多了。 ⑤ several等词或其修饰的名词作主语 　　只修饰可数名词的量词several，a few，quite a few，a great many (of…)作主语或其修饰的名词作主语，谓语动词都用复数形式。 e.g.Usually few regard their work as a pleasure. 通常很少有人把工作当成一种乐趣。 We’ve gathered varieties of books and a great many are to be sent to primary schools in the west of China. 我们已经募捐了很多书，很多即将送到西部的小学。 Several of us are determined to remain in the city after graduation. 我们中有一些人决定在毕业后留在城市。 ⑥ some等词或其修饰的名词作主语 　　some，plenty of，a lot(of)，lots(of)等词既可修饰或指代可数名词，又可修饰或指代不可数名词，其谓语的形式应根据所修饰词而定。 e.g.A lot of students are coming to the meeting. 很多学生要来参加这次会议。 A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference. 为了准备会议，还有很多工作要做。 特别提示： 　　a quantity (of), (large) quantities (of)作主语或其修饰的名词作主语，其谓语动词应根据quantity的单复数形式而定。 e.g.Quantities of money are needed to equip the school. 学校安装设备需要很多钱。 A quantity of story books has been bought for the children. 为儿童买了大量的故事书。 ⑦ a great/good deal (of)，a little，quite a little，a large amount (of)等修饰不可数名词的量词作主语或其修饰的名词作主语，其谓语动词只用单数形式。 e.g.A great deal of time was wasted playing but ought to have been fully used. 很多时间在玩耍中浪费掉了，但应该好好利用的。 A large amount of medicine is needed in the stricken area. 灾区需要大量的药品。 ⑧ more(…) than one修饰的名词作主语 　　“more than one+单数名词”尽管意义上是复数，但因中心词是单数形式，谓语动词也须用单数。在“more+复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词常用复数。 e.g.More than one person was injured in the accident. 不止一人在这次事故中受伤。 More than one way has been tried to stop noise pollution. 已经试过了很多方法来制止噪音污染。 More members than one are against the proposal. 反对这项提议的会员不止一个。 注意： more than one hundred指复数或修饰可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 e.g.More than one hundred children have joined this year’s summer camp. 100多个孩子参加了今年的夏令营。 ⑨ many a修饰的名词作主语 “many a+单数名词”作主语，尽管意义上是复数，但因中心词是单数形式，谓语动词也须用单数。 e.g.Many a scientist has been trying to research into the SARS bacterin. 许多科学家正在研究非典疫苗。 ⑩ one or two，a… or two修饰的名词作主语 one or two后接复数名词，谓语要用复数，但在“a/an+单数名词+or two”结构之后，谓语却常用单数。 e.g.One or two days are enough for this work. A day or two is enough for this work. 干这活一两天就够了。 the rest (of…)等作主语 the rest (of…)，the remaining，part (of…)，one half (of…)等词或短语或它们所修饰的名词或代词作主语，其谓语动词应根据所表达的意义而定。 e.g.Many people present at the meeting were from the US, many from the UK and the rest were from China. 出席这次会议的很多人来自美国，很多来自英国，其他的来自中国。 The first part of the vacation was frustrating, but the rest of it was exciting. 假期的前半部分非常令人失望，但剩下的部分非常令人兴奋。 The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was dull. 讲座的前半部分很生动，剩下的部分却非常枯燥。 Part of his story was not true. 他讲的故事有一部分不是真的。 Part of the foreign teachers in our school are from Canada. 我们学校的部分外籍教师来自加拿大。 百分数、分数及其他比例词或其修饰的名词作主语 1）“分数/百分数+of+名词”结构作主语：当“分数/百分数+of+名词”结构作主语时，一般应根据of后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。 e.g.50% of the land is now suitable to grow plants. 百分之五十的土地现在适合种庄稼。 20% of the people in the city object to the price for running water going up. 这个城市中百分之二十的人反对自来水价格上调。 This is because two thirds of the earth's surface is made up of vast oceans. 这是因为地球表面的2/3是由广阔的海洋构成的。 Two thirds of these tasks have been completed. 这些任务已完成了三分之二。 2）“one and a half+复数可数名词”作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。 e.g.One and a half days is all I can spare. 我只能抽出一天半的时间。 One and a half apples is a good meal for the child. 一个半苹果对这个小孩来说是一顿美餐。 3）“one in+基数词…”作主语：一般情况下，“one in+基数词”或其修饰的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 e.g.It is reported that in this area one in four people suffers from lung cancer. 据报道此地区有四分之一的人患有肺癌。 7．非谓语形式、从句作主语 （1）非谓语形式作主语 ①单独的不定式、动词的-ing形式作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 e.g.To prevent the air from being polluted is what we’re now researching. 阻止空气污染是我们正在研究的课题。 Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 劝他加入我们似乎很难。 ②由连接词连接的多个非谓语动词作主语 　　如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表达不同概念，谓语动词用复数。 e.g.To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是好习惯。 To work and to live are two different things but they are always together. 工作和生活是两件不同的事情，但它们永远相伴。 （2）从句作主语 that，what，who，which，when，where，why，whatever，whoever，whichever，whenever，wherever等引导的从句作主语或单独引导疑问句时，应根据概念一致原则决定谓语动词的数。 e.g.That Jack has gone abroad makes us all surprised. 杰克出国去了使我们都很惊讶。 Who is Abraham Lincoln? 亚伯拉罕·林肯是谁? Who are talking with each other? 谁正在谈话? What he says and acts does not concern me. 他的言行与我无关。(这里的says and acts笼统指人的行为。) What he says and acts do not agree. 他的言行不一致。(指他说的话和他做的事不一致。) Whichever is yours? 究竟哪一个是你的? Which are yours? 哪一些是你的? 8．算式中的主谓一致 （1）两数相加、相乘：此时谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。 e.g.Fifteen and five is/are/makes/make/equals/equal/is equal to/are equal to twenty. 15加5等于20。 Five times six is/are/makes/make/equals/equal/is equal to/are equal to thirty. 5乘以6等于30。 （2）两数相减、相除：此时谓语动词用单数。 e.g.15 minus 5 is/leaves/makes/is equal to 10. 15减去5等于10。 Fifteen divided by 5 is/makes/equals/is equal to 3. 15除以5等于3。 9．There/Here引起主语的主谓一致 句子是由there，here引起且主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 e.g.There is a lake and some hills around it. 那里被一个湖泊和几座小山环绕着。 There are several grammar mistakes in your composition. 你的作文中出现了几个语法错误。 Here goes the song again. 又唱起了这首歌。 主谓一致易错点分析 分数与百分数及主谓一致易混易错点 【分析】 表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，在分母后加-s。（易错点：1/2不能用a second, 应用a/one half） 分数、百分数+of+名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词而决定。 年龄、世纪年代易混易错点 【分析】 表示“某人多大年龄”用“at the age of+基数词”或“基数词+years old”或“基数词+years of age” 表示“某人几十多岁时”，用in one’s+整十基数词的复数（如in his thirties） 表示“......世纪年代时”，用in the +世纪年代s /世纪年代’s（in the 1980s/1980’s） “一些；许多”的词汇与主谓一致易混易错点 【规律总结】 只修饰可数名词 a few, quit a few, many, a good many, a large number of, hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, dozens of, scores of作主语时，谓语动词用复数 只修饰不可数名词 a little, quite a little, much, a great of, a large amount of 作主语时，谓语动词用单数 即修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some, the rest of作主语时，谓语动词单复数形式由名词来决定 a large quantity of...作主语时，谓语动词用单数 large quantities of...作主语时，谓语动词用复数 分数与百分数及主谓一致易混易错点 The factory used 70 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ______ (be) saved for other purposes. 易错分析：对先行词的指代及句子结构划分易出错，数词及相关修饰词作主语时主谓一致原则应牢记。 Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two ______ (three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce for a month or more every year. 易错分析：分数表达法掌握不牢。分子大于一时，分母使用序数词复数形式。 Two thirds of the region _______ (have) been deforested in the past decade. 易错分析：分数加名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由后面的名词决定。 年龄、世纪年代易混易错点 The majority of the inhabitants left for the mainland in the early _______(1990). 易错分析：本题需牢记世家年代的表达法，易和名词复数所有格混淆，误写为1990s’, Funnily enough I can remember what I had for lunch ________ July 5th,2012, but I’ve forgotten what I had for breakfast today. 易错分析：在具体的某一天前面使用介词on, 易混淆在几点的at, 或在某年的in。 “一些；许多”的词汇与主谓一致易混易错点 On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics — many of the climate scientists ________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 易错分析：对数词的考查常常兼顾对时态和语态的考查，应当综合考虑整体语境。 My parents frequently traveled for work, sometimes as far as Hainan Province when I was a child, and they used to return home every few ______ (month). 易错分析：本题根据few可知后面应当使用名词复数，但month变复数形式易混淆以s,x,sh,ch结尾加-es中的sh和ch。此处应当直接加-e。 A large quantity of students live in the shabby dormitory, while large amounts of money have been spent on the headmaster’s new car. 高考模拟试题 一、单项选择 1．（2024·山东烟台·三模）—A number of students ______ on the bus. —Let me count. The number of them ______ 60. A．are; are B．is; are C．are; is D．is; is 2．（2024·山东济南·二模）— ______of the world’s quality paper ______from this region. —Wow, that’s great! A．Ninety percent; comes B．Ninety percents; comes C．Ninety percents; come D．Ninety percent; come 3．（2024·天津南开·二模）Shi Yuqi, as well as his badminton team members, ______ a gold medal at the Thomas Cup Awarding Ceremony on May 5th. A．is awarded B．are awarded C．was awarded D．were awarded 4．（2024·天津河西·三模）One third of the neighborhood ______ covered with trees and the majority of the residents ______ foreigners. A．is; is B．are; are C．is; are D．are; is 5．（2024·山东泰安·一模）________ of the students in our class ________ going to summer camp in Beijing. A．Two third; is B．Two thirds; is C．Two third; are D．Two thirds; are 6．（2024·天津·一模）Linda as well as her two close friends into universities in Beijing last year. A．was admitted B．were admitted C．has been admitted D．had been admitted 7．（23-24高二上·广东深圳·二模）The issue ________ at this moment yesterday by the company’s managers. A．was being discussed B．is being discussed C．had discussed D．was discussing 8．（23-24·天津河西·一模）The villagers hope that the world knows more about their traditional art that _________ for hundreds of years through the TV program. A．preserved B．has been preserved C．will be preserved D．was preserved 9．（2024江苏·高考真题）The publication of Great Expectations, which ________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist. A．is B．are C．was D．were 10．（2014·湖南·高考真题）（2014·湖南）All we need _________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. A．are B．was C．is D．were 11．（2014·吉林·一模）—Lydia, what did our head-teacher say just now? —Every boy and every girl as well as the teachers who _____ to lead the group _____ asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning. A．is; is B．are; are C．are; is D．is; are 二、翻译 12．（2024·上海闵行·二模）这种新产品防水耐高温，卖得很好。(resistant) water and heat, and sells well. 13．（2024·上海·二模）一般说来，交通繁忙的十字路口可能会发生交通事故。(happen) 【答案】Generally speaking, traffic accidents are likely to happen at a crossroads where traffic is heavy. 14．（2024上海·一模）直播可以让主持人实时回答网络观众的提问，这将提高购物体验，吸引更多的网民在线购物。（allow） 15．（2024·上海闵行·二模）短视频越来越受欢迎的原因是什么？(account) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 主谓一致（讲义） 目录 一 主谓一致的三条原则 二 主谓一致的各种情形 三 主谓一致易错点分析 四 高考模拟试题 主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致，句子的主语是第三人称单数，其谓语动词须用第三人称单数，主语是复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。 主谓一致的三条原则 　　英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：意义一致原则、语法一致原则和邻近原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则优先考虑。 1．语法一致原则 　　主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取第三人称单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。 e.g.Mr. Black is a well-known scientist on AIDS. 布莱克先生是著名艾滋科学家。 These books are intended for children under nine years old. 这些书是专门为九岁以下的儿童设计的。 2．意义一致原则 所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是以主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。 e.g.Three months has passed since you left. 你已离开三个月了。(three months表示单数概念。) The professor and writer is invited to many universities to deliver lectures. 这位教授兼作家被邀请到很多大学作报告。(教授与作家是同一个人，是单数。) The old are very well taken care of in our city. 老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。(the old指所有的老年人，为复数概念。) 3．邻近一致原则 邻近一致原则是指谓语动词的变化以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。 e.g.Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk. 他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。(根据靠近谓语的主语he而定。) Not Jack but his parents are to blame for the home accident. 不是杰克而是他父母应为这个家庭事故受到责备。 (根据靠近谓语的主语his parents而定。) 主谓一致的各种情形 1．并列结构作主语 并列结构作主语主要指主语是由并列的名词或名词短语构成，此时主要有如下几种情况。 （1）and及both…and…类 一般来说，两个单数主语用and连接，表示两个不同的人或物时，动词用复数；但如果两个并列的单数主语在意义上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念，则动词须用单数。 e.g.Her teacher and her friend are in the sitting-room. 她的老师和她的朋友都在客厅里。 A smile and handshake show welcome. 微笑和握手表示欢迎。 Bread and butter is healthful food. 涂有黄油的面包是一种有益于健康的食物。 The poet and writer has produced many works. 这个诗人兼作家写出了很多作品。 Truth and honesty is the best policy.真诚为上策。 Both Lily and Henry are my good friends. 莉莉和亨利都是我的好朋友。 Both my sister and I are interested in listening to music. 我和我妹妹都喜欢听音乐。 特别提示 and所连接的表示同一概念的短语有： a horse and cart　马车　　　　　a knife and fork　刀叉 a cup and saucer　茶盘　　　　　a watch and chain　手表 bread and butter　涂有黄油的面包 　　the poet and the writer则表示“诗人和画家”两个人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；而the poet and writer则表示“诗人兼作家”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 （2）each…and each…及every…and every…类 every…and every…，each…and each…或no…and no…作主语时，动词用单数。 e.g.Every man and (every) woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所做的工作感到骄傲。 Each boy and each girl has been invited to the tea-party. 每个男孩和每个女孩都被邀请参加茶话会了。 （3）not…but…，not only…but also，or，either…or…，neither…nor...类 在由not…but…，not only…but (also)，or，either…or，neither…nor等连接的并列主语中，谓语动词的人称和数应该和邻近它的主语相一致。 e.g.Tom or you are to blame. 应该怪汤姆或你。 Was he or you able to persuade her? 是你还是他劝服了她? Not you but I am to blame for the mistake. 不是你而是我该为此错误而受到责备。 Not only I but also my parents are fond of traveling around. 不仅我而且我父母也喜欢到处旅游。 Neither you nor I am fit for the work. 你和我都不适合这个工作。 Are neither you nor I fit for the work? 你和我都不适合这个工作吗? 2．不定代词作主语 （1）不定代词either，neither，each，one，the other，another，someone，somebody，something，anyone，anybody，anything，everyone，everybody，everything，nobody，no one，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 e.g.Someone has parked the car in the way. 有人把车停在了路上，挡住了去路。 No one is actually able to complete the work in such a short time. 没人能够在这么短的时间内完成这项工作。 特别提示： none作主语时如果指人或可数的物，表数目，谓语动词用单复数形式皆可；如果指不可数名词，表量，谓语动词用单数。 e.g.None of the students have made mistakes this time. 这次没有一个学生犯错误。 None of us is/are interested in your new subject. 我们中没人对你的新课题感兴趣。 Jimmy has used up all the money. None is left. 吉米把所有的钱都用光了，一点没留。 （2）neither/either of…作主语 “neither/either of+复数名词或复数形式的代词”作主语，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。 e.g.Either of the two stories is/are interesting. 这两个故事都很有趣。 Neither of us has/have received postcards this Christmas. 今年圣诞节我们两人谁也没收到贺卡。 Either of the children is/are eager to go home. 两个孩子都想回家。 I don’t think either of them has/have married. 我想他们两个都没结婚。 Neither of the topics has/have been discussed so far. 到目前为止这两个话题都没有被讨论过。 （3）the other two (…)等短语作主语 the other+基数词(+复数名词)，another+基数词(+复数名词)，both等作主语谓语动词用复数。 e.g.I keep only one apple for myself, and the other two are yours. 我只给自己留了一个苹果，另外两个给你。 Five people came to help, but another three were still needed. 已经有五个人来帮忙了，但我们还需要三个。 I’m very delighted that both are what we need. 我们很高兴两个都是我们所需要的。 （4）all作主语：all作主语，指人时谓语动词用复数，指物时常用单数。 e.g.All are present besides the professor. 所有的人都出席，包括那位教授。 All is going on very well. 一切顺利。 （5）each修饰的名词作主语：由each修饰的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；each位于复数主语后或句尾作同位语，谓语动词仍与主语一致。 e.g.Each student has a walkman which helps them improve their listening. 每个学生都有一个随身听，这对提高他们的听力大有帮助。 Each of the class has been given a gift. 班里的每一个学生都得到了一份礼物。 They each have won a prize. 他们每人都得了奖。 （6）such作主语：such作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式应根据其意义而定。 e.g.Such is Stephen Hawking，who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much. 这就是史蒂芬·霍金，遭受着巨大的痛苦而作出伟大成就的人。 Such are the difficulties that we are now faced with. 这就是我们现在所面临的困难。 Such as have plenty of money want more money. 那些有许多钱的人还想要更多的钱。 3．形容词的名词化作主语 有些形容词加上the(如the old，the blind，the living，the dead，the rich，the poor，the young，the deaf(等)，用来表示一类人时，其意义为复数，谓语动词需用复数形式。表示一类物或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。 e.g.The old are taken good care of in our country. 在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。 The poor are part of the people we help. 穷人是我们救助的一部分。 The injured have been sent to the hospital. 受伤人员已被送往医院。 The new is sure to replace the old. 新生事物一定会替代旧事物的。 The beautiful goes with the true and the good. 美总是和真、善相伴而生。 4．复数形式、单数意义的名词作主语 （1）以-ics结尾的学科名称的名词作主语时，谓语用单数。 e.g.Mathematics is the science of numbers. 数学是数字的科学。 Politics is often a topic for discussion among us. 政治是我们常常讨论的话题。 Physics is one of the hardest subjects for a middle school student. 物理是中学生感到最难的科目之一。 注意：以-ics结尾的表示学科名称的名词作主语时，若改变词义表示学科能力时，则用复数形式。 e.g.Her mathematics are weak. 她的数学很差。 （2）形式上是复数形式的专有名词作主语 专有名词如国名、人名、书名、组织机构等作主语，形式上虽然是复数，但谓语动词还是要用单数。 e.g.The United Nations was founded in 1945. 联合固是1945年建立的。 The United States is in North America. 美国位于北美洲。 The New York Times has a wide circulation. 《纽约时报》有很广的销路。 （3）以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛等名词作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式。 e.g.The Straits of Gibraltar haven’t lost their strategical importance. 直布罗陀海峡尚未丧失其战略上的重要地位。 The Himalayas extend along the border of India and China. 喜马拉雅山脉沿着中印边境一直延伸。 （4）表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语，通常看作整体，谓语用单数。 e.g.Two hours is a long time to take over a coffee. 用两个小时喝杯咖啡的时间足够长了。 Ten pounds was missing from the till. 钱柜里的钱丢了10镑。 Six hundred miles is a long distance. 六百英里是一段很长的距离。 5．集体名词作主语 （1）谓语动词只能用复数的情况：有些集体名词，如people，cattle，police等形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，谓语动词需用复数。 e.g.Traffic police are always very busy, especially at busy streets. 交通警察总是十分忙碌，特别是在繁忙的街道。 People read for pleasure during their spare time. 人们在业余时间读书自娱。 （2）谓语动词单复数皆可的情况 　　集体名词，如audience(观众)，army(军队)，class(班级)，crew(船员)，company(公司)，crowd(人群)，enemy(敌人)，family(家庭)，group(团，组)，government(政府)，public(公众)，population(人口)，team(队员)等作主语时，若视为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；若着眼于组成该集体的每个成员时，谓语动词则用复数。 e.g.His family was poor and he used to sit in the family garage and draw pictures. 他家很穷，他常常坐在他家的车库里画画。 My family are going on a trip this summer. 我们全家今年夏天要出外旅行。 The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas. 中国人口很多，其中80%的人口在农村。 （3）表示国家、人民的名词作主语的情况 有些以-sh，-ese，-ch结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用时表示复数含义，谓语动词用复数。 e.g.The English like to be with their families at Christmas. 英国人喜欢在圣诞节与家人团聚。 The Chinese are a hard-working people. 中华民族是一个勤劳的民族。 The French are fond of champagne. 法国人喜欢香槟酒。 6．含有修饰语的名词作主语 （1）含有量词的名词作主语 ①量词修饰由两个对应部分组成的名词 　　一些由两个对应部分组成一体的复数名词，如trousers(裤子)，pants(短裤)，glasses(眼镜)，scissors(剪刀)等作主语，前面若无a pair of，a suit of，a set of，a series of等这类的单位词，通常视为复数，谓语动词用复数。若带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。 e.g.My blue trousers have worn out. 我的蓝裤子已经穿破了。 This pair of glasses is very expensive. 这幅眼镜很贵。 The two pairs of scissors are Hangzhou-made. 这两把剪刀都是杭州制造的。 Two pieces of good news have been published on today’s evening paper. 今天的晚报报道了两条好消息。 ②特殊量词修饰普通名词 　　含有像pile(堆)，mountain(山)，row(排)，mass(很多)，cup(杯)，basket(篮)，box(箱)，pack(包)，packet(小包)等词修饰的短语作主语，谓语动词根据修饰语的单复数形式而定。 e.g.Piles of rubbish have not only blocked the way, but polluted the air as well. 成堆的垃圾不仅阻塞了道路，而且污染了环境。 A row of willows is lined on one side of the river. 河的一岸长着一排柳树。 Masses of work are to be done to welcome the new year. 为了迎接新年，我们还有很多活要干。 A packet of letters needs mailing. 一包信需要寄出。 ③ a group of和a couple of修饰复数名词，谓语动词用复数。 e.g.A group of boys and girls are dancing to welcome Children’s Day. 一群儿童在跳舞迎接儿童节。 A couple of days have passed since we parted. 我们分手已经有几天了。 ④ a number of，the number of短语修饰名词作主语 　　a number of意为“许多”，修饰可数名词复数时谓语一般也用复数；the number of意思为“……的数目”，作主语时，谓语用单数。 e.g.A number of the other plants were found in America. 在美洲还发现了许多别的作物。 The number of people who travel by plane in China is larger than ever before. 在中国乘飞机旅行的人数比以往多了。 ⑤ several等词或其修饰的名词作主语 　　只修饰可数名词的量词several，a few，quite a few，a great many (of…)作主语或其修饰的名词作主语，谓语动词都用复数形式。 e.g.Usually few regard their work as a pleasure. 通常很少有人把工作当成一种乐趣。 We’ve gathered varieties of books and a great many are to be sent to primary schools in the west of China. 我们已经募捐了很多书，很多即将送到西部的小学。 Several of us are determined to remain in the city after graduation. 我们中有一些人决定在毕业后留在城市。 ⑥ some等词或其修饰的名词作主语 　　some，plenty of，a lot(of)，lots(of)等词既可修饰或指代可数名词，又可修饰或指代不可数名词，其谓语的形式应根据所修饰词而定。 e.g.A lot of students are coming to the meeting. 很多学生要来参加这次会议。 A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference. 为了准备会议，还有很多工作要做。 特别提示： 　　a quantity (of), (large) quantities (of)作主语或其修饰的名词作主语，其谓语动词应根据quantity的单复数形式而定。 e.g.Quantities of money are needed to equip the school. 学校安装设备需要很多钱。 A quantity of story books has been bought for the children. 为儿童买了大量的故事书。 ⑦ a great/good deal (of)，a little，quite a little，a large amount (of)等修饰不可数名词的量词作主语或其修饰的名词作主语，其谓语动词只用单数形式。 e.g.A great deal of time was wasted playing but ought to have been fully used. 很多时间在玩耍中浪费掉了，但应该好好利用的。 A large amount of medicine is needed in the stricken area. 灾区需要大量的药品。 ⑧ more(…) than one修饰的名词作主语 　　“more than one+单数名词”尽管意义上是复数，但因中心词是单数形式，谓语动词也须用单数。在“more+复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词常用复数。 e.g.More than one person was injured in the accident. 不止一人在这次事故中受伤。 More than one way has been tried to stop noise pollution. 已经试过了很多方法来制止噪音污染。 More members than one are against the proposal. 反对这项提议的会员不止一个。 注意： more than one hundred指复数或修饰可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 e.g.More than one hundred children have joined this year’s summer camp. 100多个孩子参加了今年的夏令营。 ⑨ many a修饰的名词作主语 “many a+单数名词”作主语，尽管意义上是复数，但因中心词是单数形式，谓语动词也须用单数。 e.g.Many a scientist has been trying to research into the SARS bacterin. 许多科学家正在研究非典疫苗。 ⑩ one or two，a… or two修饰的名词作主语 one or two后接复数名词，谓语要用复数，但在“a/an+单数名词+or two”结构之后，谓语却常用单数。 e.g.One or two days are enough for this work. A day or two is enough for this work. 干这活一两天就够了。 the rest (of…)等作主语 the rest (of…)，the remaining，part (of…)，one half (of…)等词或短语或它们所修饰的名词或代词作主语，其谓语动词应根据所表达的意义而定。 e.g.Many people present at the meeting were from the US, many from the UK and the rest were from China. 出席这次会议的很多人来自美国，很多来自英国，其他的来自中国。 The first part of the vacation was frustrating, but the rest of it was exciting. 假期的前半部分非常令人失望，但剩下的部分非常令人兴奋。 The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was dull. 讲座的前半部分很生动，剩下的部分却非常枯燥。 Part of his story was not true. 他讲的故事有一部分不是真的。 Part of the foreign teachers in our school are from Canada. 我们学校的部分外籍教师来自加拿大。 百分数、分数及其他比例词或其修饰的名词作主语 1）“分数/百分数+of+名词”结构作主语：当“分数/百分数+of+名词”结构作主语时，一般应根据of后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。 e.g.50% of the land is now suitable to grow plants. 百分之五十的土地现在适合种庄稼。 20% of the people in the city object to the price for running water going up. 这个城市中百分之二十的人反对自来水价格上调。 This is because two thirds of the earth's surface is made up of vast oceans. 这是因为地球表面的2/3是由广阔的海洋构成的。 Two thirds of these tasks have been completed. 这些任务已完成了三分之二。 2）“one and a half+复数可数名词”作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。 e.g.One and a half days is all I can spare. 我只能抽出一天半的时间。 One and a half apples is a good meal for the child. 一个半苹果对这个小孩来说是一顿美餐。 3）“one in+基数词…”作主语：一般情况下，“one in+基数词”或其修饰的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 e.g.It is reported that in this area one in four people suffers from lung cancer. 据报道此地区有四分之一的人患有肺癌。 7．非谓语形式、从句作主语 （1）非谓语形式作主语 ①单独的不定式、动词的-ing形式作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 e.g.To prevent the air from being polluted is what we’re now researching. 阻止空气污染是我们正在研究的课题。 Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 劝他加入我们似乎很难。 ②由连接词连接的多个非谓语动词作主语 　　如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表达不同概念，谓语动词用复数。 e.g.To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是好习惯。 To work and to live are two different things but they are always together. 工作和生活是两件不同的事情，但它们永远相伴。 （2）从句作主语 that，what，who，which，when，where，why，whatever，whoever，whichever，whenever，wherever等引导的从句作主语或单独引导疑问句时，应根据概念一致原则决定谓语动词的数。 e.g.That Jack has gone abroad makes us all surprised. 杰克出国去了使我们都很惊讶。 Who is Abraham Lincoln? 亚伯拉罕·林肯是谁? Who are talking with each other? 谁正在谈话? What he says and acts does not concern me. 他的言行与我无关。(这里的says and acts笼统指人的行为。) What he says and acts do not agree. 他的言行不一致。(指他说的话和他做的事不一致。) Whichever is yours? 究竟哪一个是你的? Which are yours? 哪一些是你的? 8．算式中的主谓一致 （1）两数相加、相乘：此时谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。 e.g.Fifteen and five is/are/makes/make/equals/equal/is equal to/are equal to twenty. 15加5等于20。 Five times six is/are/makes/make/equals/equal/is equal to/are equal to thirty. 5乘以6等于30。 （2）两数相减、相除：此时谓语动词用单数。 e.g.15 minus 5 is/leaves/makes/is equal to 10. 15减去5等于10。 Fifteen divided by 5 is/makes/equals/is equal to 3. 15除以5等于3。 9．There/Here引起主语的主谓一致 句子是由there，here引起且主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 e.g.There is a lake and some hills around it. 那里被一个湖泊和几座小山环绕着。 There are several grammar mistakes in your composition. 你的作文中出现了几个语法错误。 Here goes the song again. 又唱起了这首歌。 主谓一致易错点分析 分数与百分数及主谓一致易混易错点 【分析】 表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，在分母后加-s。（易错点：1/2不能用a second, 应用a/one half） 分数、百分数+of+名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词而决定。 年龄、世纪年代易混易错点 【分析】 表示“某人多大年龄”用“at the age of+基数词”或“基数词+years old”或“基数词+years of age” 表示“某人几十多岁时”，用in one’s+整十基数词的复数（如in his thirties） 表示“......世纪年代时”，用in the +世纪年代s /世纪年代’s（in the 1980s/1980’s） “一些；许多”的词汇与主谓一致易混易错点 【规律总结】 只修饰可数名词 a few, quit a few, many, a good many, a large number of, hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, dozens of, scores of作主语时，谓语动词用复数 只修饰不可数名词 a little, quite a little, much, a great of, a large amount of 作主语时，谓语动词用单数 即修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some, the rest of作主语时，谓语动词单复数形式由名词来决定 a large quantity of...作主语时，谓语动词用单数 large quantities of...作主语时，谓语动词用复数 分数与百分数及主谓一致易混易错点 The factory used 70 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ______ (be) saved for other purposes. 易错分析：对先行词的指代及句子结构划分易出错，数词及相关修饰词作主语时主谓一致原则应牢记。 【答案】were 【解析】which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词raw materials, “the rest of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词应与of后的名词保持一致。故设空处应用复数形式，由used可知应当使用过去时，故填were。 Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two ______ (three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce for a month or more every year. 易错分析：分数表达法掌握不牢。分子大于一时，分母使用序数词复数形式。 【答案】 thirds 【解析】考查数词。句意：缺水是我们今天面临的最大危机之一，全球每年有三分之二的人口有一个月或更多的时间生活在缺水的地区。分数由基数词（分子）和序数词（分母）构成。 Two thirds of the region _______ (have) been deforested in the past decade. 易错分析：分数加名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由后面的名词决定。 【答案】 has 【解析】考查数词与主谓一致。句意：在过去的十年来，这个地区的三分之二的地方遭到了森林砍伐。根据时间状语in the past decade应当使用现在完成时，region应当使用单数谓语，故填has。 年龄、世纪年代易混易错点 The majority of the inhabitants left for the mainland in the early _______(1990). 易错分析：本题需牢记世家年代的表达法，易和名词复数所有格混淆，误写为1990s’, 【答案】1990s/1990’s 【解析】考查数词。句意：在二十世纪九十年代早期，大多数居民前往大陆。in the early 1990s表示“在20世纪90年代”。 Funnily enough I can remember what I had for lunch ________ July 5th,2012, but I’ve forgotten what I had for breakfast today. 易错分析：在具体的某一天前面使用介词on, 易混淆在几点的at, 或在某年的in。 【答案】on 【解析】考查具体日期前的介词搭配。句意：有趣的是，我记得2012年7月5日的午餐吃了什么，但我忘记了今天的早餐吃了什么。 “一些；许多”的词汇与主谓一致易混易错点 On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics — many of the climate scientists ________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 易错分析：对数词的考查常常兼顾对时态和语态的考查，应当综合考虑整体语境。 【答案】have promised 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：例如，在一个名为“无蝇气候科学”的网站上，大约200名学者——其中许多气候科学家——承诺自两年前开始这项工作以来，尽可能少地飞行。根据时间状语“since the effort started two years ago”可知，主句应使用现在完成时，主语“many of them climate scientists”是复数，因此空格处是have promised。故填have promised。 My parents frequently traveled for work, sometimes as far as Hainan Province when I was a child, and they used to return home every few ______ (month). 易错分析：本题根据few可知后面应当使用名词复数，但month变复数形式易混淆以s,x,sh,ch结尾加-es中的sh和ch。此处应当直接加-e。 【答案】months 【解析】句意：我的父母经常需要远途去上班，当我小时候有时还去到海南那么远，并且他们以前经常每隔几个月才回家。every few+名词复数表示“每隔几......”。故填months。 A large quantity of students live in the shabby dormitory, while large amounts of money have been spent on the headmaster’s new car. 【答案】live改为lives 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：大量的学生住在破旧的宿舍里，而大量的钱已经花在了校长的新车上。a large quantity of加名词作主语时，谓语动词单复数和quantity保持一致，又根据句意可知使用一般现在时，故将live改为lives。 高考模拟试题 一、单项选择 1．（2024·山东烟台·三模）—A number of students ______ on the bus. —Let me count. The number of them ______ 60. A．are; are B．is; are C．are; is D．is; is 【答案】C 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：——许多学生在公共汽车上。——让我数数。他们的数量是60。第一空，根据空前主语为A number of students，意为：许多学生，是复数形式，因此be动词应选用are，所以排除B项和D项；第二空，根据空前主语为The number of them，意为：他们的数量，是单数形式，因此be动词应选用is，所以排除A项。故选C。 2．（2024·山东济南·二模）— ______of the world’s quality paper ______from this region. —Wow, that’s great! A．Ninety percent; comes B．Ninety percents; comes C．Ninety percents; come D．Ninety percent; come 【答案】A 【详解】考查百分数和主谓一致。句意：——世界上90%的优质纸张来自这个地区。——哇，太棒了! percent与数词连用时，无复数变化，所以此处的percent应为单数形式；第二空为谓语动词，结合句意，此处讲述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，当百分数或分数修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式由该名词决定，paper意为“纸”为不可数名词，所以此处谓语动词应为单数形式。故选A项。 3．（2024·天津南开·二模）Shi Yuqi, as well as his badminton team members, ______ a gold medal at the Thomas Cup Awarding Ceremony on May 5th. A．is awarded B．are awarded C．was awarded D．were awarded 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态、被动语态、主谓一致。句意：石宇奇和他的羽毛球队成员在5月5日的汤姆斯杯颁奖典礼上被授予一枚金牌。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态。根据句子中的“on May 5th(在5月5日)”可知，这个动作发生在过去，因此需要使用一般过去时的被动语态。另外，“Shi Yuqi, as well as his badminton team members(石宇奇和他的羽毛球队成员)”表示主语是Shi Yuqi，而"as well as his badminton team members" 作主语的补充，不影响谓语动词的数。因此，谓语动词应该与单数主语"Shi Yuqi"保持一致，使用单数形式，故选C。 4．（2024·天津河西·三模）One third of the neighborhood ______ covered with trees and the majority of the residents ______ foreigners. A．is; is B．are; are C．is; are D．are; is 【答案】C 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：这个社区的三分之一被树木覆盖，大多数居民是外国人。分数+of+名词作主语，谓语动词的形式要以of后面的名词而定，neighbourhood是不可数名词，所以，第一个空格处用is；the majority of后面的名词决定了它的谓语单复数形式，如果后面接可数名词复数，则谓语用复数，如果接不可数名词，则谓语用单数，所以the majority of the residents指的是复数概念，因此与are连用。故选C项。 5．（2024·山东泰安·一模）________ of the students in our class ________ going to summer camp in Beijing. A．Two third; is B．Two thirds; is C．Two third; are D．Two thirds; are 【答案】D 【详解】考查分数和主谓一致。句意：我们班三分之二的学生打算去北京参加夏令营。分数用基数词作分子，序数词作分母，分子大于1时，做分母的序数词用复数，因此三分之二的表达应该是Two thirds；分数做主语时，谓语动词的单复数由分数指代的名词的数决定，本题分数指代的名词students是复数，因此谓语动词应该用 are。故选D。 6．（2024·天津·一模）Linda as well as her two close friends into universities in Beijing last year. A．was admitted B．were admitted C．has been admitted D．had been admitted 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：琳达和她的两个密友去年被北京的大学录取了。动词admit意为“准许……加入；接收入院”，结合last year可知，事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，且Linda as well as her two close friends有admit为被动关系，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，as well as连接两个成分作主语时，其后的谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致，本句谓语与Linda一致，be动词用was。选项A为一般过去时的被动语态，选项B为一般过去时的被动语态，选项C为现在完成时的被动语态，选项D为过去完成时的被动语态。故选A。 7．（23-24高二上·广东深圳·二模）The issue ________ at this moment yesterday by the company’s managers. A．was being discussed B．is being discussed C．had discussed D．was discussing 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：昨天这个时候公司的经理们正在讨论这个问题分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语at this moment yesterday可知，此处应为过去进行时，且discuss与句子主语The issue之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去进行时态的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词应为was being discussed。 8．（23-24·天津河西·一模）The villagers hope that the world knows more about their traditional art that _________ for hundreds of years through the TV program. A．preserved B．has been preserved C．will be preserved D．was preserved 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：村民们希望通过电视节目让世界更多地了解他们保存了数百年的传统艺术。设空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，关系代词that指代先行词their traditional art在从句中作主语，与动词preserve之间是被动关系，结合时间状语for hundreds of years可知，此从句讲述从过去持续到现在的事情，用现在完成时态，that指代先行词their traditional art作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故选B项。 9．（2024江苏·高考真题）The publication of Great Expectations, which ________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】C 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：《远大前程》的出版，得到了广泛的好评和高度赞扬，加强了狄更斯作为一名主要小说家的地位。先行词The publication of Great Expectations在定语从句中作主语，是单数概念，根据主谓一致的原则，所以谓语动词用单数，再根据主句谓语动词strengthened是一般过去时可知，从句用一般过去时。故应选C项。 10．（2014·湖南·高考真题）（2014·湖南）All we need _________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. A．are B．was C．is D．were 【答案】C 【详解】考查主谓一致及时态用法。句意：我们所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的生长季节，我们能够种各种不同的水果树。句中的主语为不定代词all，代指的是物。不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。再根据从句中的can可以判断用一般现在时。故C正确。 【知识拓展】1. all指人时谓语动词用复数；指物时谓语动词用单数。 Now all has been changed. 一切都已改变。 “All are present today, Mr Li.” answered the monitor. 班长回答说：李老师，今天大家全到了。 2. all + of + 名词”时，若of后为不可数名词，动词用单数形式，若of后为复数名词或代词时，动词用复数形式。 All of us like sports. 我们所有人都喜欢体育。 11．（2014·吉林·一模）—Lydia, what did our head-teacher say just now? —Every boy and every girl as well as the teachers who _____ to lead the group _____ asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning. A．is; is B．are; are C．are; is D．is; are 【答案】C 【详解】考查主谓一致。——莉迪亚，我们班主任刚才说什么了?——要求每个男孩和女孩以及带队的老师在早上六点半以前到校门口。第一空是定语从句中的谓语动词，这个定语从句的先行词是the teachers，所以谓语动词使用复数形式。第二空是主句的谓语动词，句子的主语是Every boy and every girl，所以谓语动词使用单数形式。因为every/each/no+单数名词+ every/each/no做主语的时候，谓语动词使用单数形式。故C正确。 二、翻译 12．（2024·上海闵行·二模）这种新产品防水耐高温，卖得很好。(resistant) 【答案】The new product is resistant to water and heat, and sells well. 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。这种新产品是主语译为“the new product”，短语be resistant to，意为“抵抗……的”，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语单数，谓语第三人称单数形式，水和高温作宾语，译为“water and heat”，卖得很好译为“sell well”，和前半句并列用and的连接，所以sell也用一般现在时，并且用第三人称单数形式，故翻译为The new product is resistant to water and heat, and sells well. 13．（2024·上海·二模）一般说来，交通繁忙的十字路口可能会发生交通事故。(happen) 【答案】Generally speaking, traffic accidents are likely to happen at a crossroads where traffic is heavy. 【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。表示“一般说来”应用固定搭配generally speaking；表示“交通事故”应用traffic accidents；表示“可能做某事”应用be likely to do sth.，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词使用复数形式；表示“发生”应用happen，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形；表示“在十字路口”应用at a crossroads；表示“交通繁忙的”应用where traffic is heavy，此处where引导定语从句，修饰先行词crossroads，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语。故翻译成：Generally speaking, traffic accidents are likely to happen at a crossroads where traffic is heavy.。 14．（2024上海·一模）直播可以让主持人实时回答网络观众的提问，这将提高购物体验，吸引更多的网民在线购物。（allow） 【答案】Livestreaming allows hosts to answer questions from online viewers in real time, which will improve the shopping experience and attract more netizens to shop online. 【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。allow sb. to do允许某人做某事； answer question回答问题； online viewer网络观众； in real time实时；shopping experience购物体验；attract sb to do 吸引某人做某事。指代前面一件事，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。主句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语是livestreaming，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。从句表示将要发生的事情，所以用一般将来时。根据句意，故翻译为Livestreaming allows hosts to answer questions from online viewers in real time, which will improve the shopping experience and attract more netizens to shop online. 15．（2024·上海闵行·二模）短视频越来越受欢迎的原因是什么？(account) 【答案】What accounts for the growing popularity of short videos? 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“短视频越来越受欢迎的原因是什么？”即“什么因素导致了短视频越来越受欢迎？”，“短视频”为“short videos”，“越来越受欢迎”为“growing popularity”，则“短视频越来越受欢迎”为“the growing popularity of short videos”，“导致，解释”为“account for”，句子描述的是客观存在的现状，谓语动词使用一般现在时，主语“什么”为“what”，谓语动词使用单数，故翻译为What accounts for the growing popularity of short videos? 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$