核心语法知识夯基07 动词的时态与语态（精讲精练）-2025届高三英语一轮复习闯关攻略

动词的时态和语态（讲义） 目录 一 动词的时态 二 动词的被动语态 三 动词的时态与语态易错点 四 高考模拟试题 动词的时态和语态是高考必考考点。时态（tense）是一种动词形式，同一动词的不同变化形式表达不同的时态，英语中有16种时态。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对于时态列了十项：（1）一般现在时（2）一般过去时（3）一般将来时（4）现在进行时（5）过去进行时（6）过去将来时（7）将来进行时（8）现在完成时（9）过去完成时（10）现在完成进行时；此外还列了被动语态，并将其作为单独一项。 动词的时态 一、一般现在时：动词原形或第三人称单数 1．构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。 （1）直接加“s”：work→works，take→takes （2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”：carry→carries （3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”：go→goes，dress→dresses，watch→watches，finish→finishes 2．功能： （1）表现在的事实、状态或动作。例如： ①I have a dream. ②She loves music. ③Mary's parents get up very early. （2）表习惯性动作或职业，常与often，sometimes，usually，always，every week，occasionally，frequently，seldom等时间副词连用。例如： 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现 在 do/does is/am/are doing has/have done has/have been doing 过 去 did was /were doing had done had been doing 将 来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 would do would be doing would have done would have been doing ①I always take a walk after supper. ②She writes to me very often. ③She is an English teacher. （3）表客观真理，格言警句或事实。例如： ①The earth moves around the sun. ②The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. ③Two and two makes four. ④ No man but errs. （4）表示将来发生的动作： A．在由when，after, before，as，as soon as，although，because，if，even if，in case，till，until，unless，as long as，where，whatever，wherever 等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。例如： ① I'll tell her when she comes tomorrow. ② Even if it rains this afternoon, I'll meet you. ③Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed. ④ I'll be right here waiting for you wherever you go. B．按时间表将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。例如： ①The play begins at 6:30 this evening. ②When does the plane take off? ③He leaves for that city next week. ④According to the timetable, the train starts at 9 o’clock. 二．一般过去时：动词的过去式 1．表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。例如： ①We visited the school last spring. ②I went to school by bike when I was in middle school. ③China was founded in 1949. 2．在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。例如： ①She told me she would’t go with us if it rained the next day. ②They would not leave until she came back. ③His girlfriend promised to marry him once he bought her a big house. 三．一般将来时：shall / will + 动词原形 1．表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。例如： ①He will graduate from the college next year. ②We shall finish our work as quickly as possible. 2．将来时的其它结构。 例如： I .is/am/are going to do sth.（美国口语中常读作be gonna） ①I'm going to buy a new car this fall. ②He is going to sell his house. 注意：be going to与will的对比：下列情况须用will ①I will be sixteen years old next year. ②It will be the 20th of August tomorrow. ③When he comes, I will give him your message. II. is/am/are + to do sth.表示计划安排做某事或征求意见。例如： ①Am I to take over his work? ②We are to meet at the gate. III. is/am/are about to do sth. 即将做某事。例如： ①The talk is about to begin. 四．一般过去将来时：would + 动词原形 1.表示过去某时之后将出现的情况，通常用于宾语从句中。例如： ①He said that they would meet me at the station. ②She told me that she would come to see me. 2.表示过去习惯性动作（不管什么人称都用would）。例如： ①Whenever he had time,Tom would go to see his grandma. ②The old couple would go for a walk after supper. 注意句型： was/were about to do sth. when……正要做某事,这时…… =was/were on the point of doing sth. when……（when引导的从句要用一般过去时）例如： ①He was about to go out when the telephone rang. ②I was about to go shopping when it rained. ③She was on the point of having supper when the light went off. 五．现在进行时：is / am / are +现在分词 1．表示现在正在进行的动作。例如： ①The water is boiling. Shall I make tea? ②The workers are building a new bridge across the river. 2．表现阶段正进行的动作。例如： ①He is taking physics this semester. ②We are preparing for our final examination this week. ③Don't you think you eat too much? You're putting on weight. 3．go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, die, start, return, join, etc.用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。例如： ① Look! The bus is coming. ②The old man is seriously ill, and he is dying. ③Alice is leaving for Shanghai with her mother. 4．与 always, forever, continually, constantly 等副词连用，表示说话人带有感情色彩：赞赏或厌恶。例如： ①He is always thinking of others. ②The boy is continually making noises. ③The teacher is constantly criticizing her for being late. 六．过去进行时：was /were +现在分词 1．表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。 例如： ①I was playing chess at 8 yesterday evening. ②When I arrived, they were watching TV. ③They were doing housework this time last week. 2．用于条件状语从句中表示过去将来进行的动作。例如： ①She told me to wake him up if she was sleeping. ②I asked my friend to warn me about it as long as I was driving too fast. 3．过去某时将发生的事。例如： ①They told me that they were leaving for New York. ②He was going out when I arrived. 七．将来进行时：shall / will be + 现在分词 1．表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作。例如： ①What will you be doing this time tomorrow? ②I will be having dinner this time tomorrow. 2．用将来进行时询问别人的计划、打算比用一般将来时更显礼貌。例如： ①Will you be having supper with us this evening? ②Will you be coming to see us tomorrow? 3．将来进行时表示对即将发生的动作的推测。例如： ①She will be arriving at Shanghai tomorrow morning. ②The car will be going at the speed of 100 miles an hour. 八．现在完成时：have / has +过去分词 1．表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与yet，just，before，recently，lately，ever，never等表时间的副词搭配使用。例如： ①He hasn't seen her lately. ②I haven't finished the book yet. 2．表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作，常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：so far（迄今为止），up till now（直到现在），for a long time（很长时间），，in the past / in the last few years（在过去的几年里），these days（这些日子）。例如： ①He has worked here for 15 years. ②I have studied English since I came here. ③The foreigner has been away from China for a long time. ④So far, I haven't received a single letter from my brother. 3．某些非延续性动词（即：动作开始便终止的动词），在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。 I．常见的非延续动词：die, arrive，join，leave，go, refuse，fail，finish，buy，marry，divorce，awake ，buy，borrow，lend 等。 II．这类动词并非不能用现在完成时，而是不能接常由for引导的时间状语。 III．但若是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如： ①She has gone away for a month.（误） ②She has been away for a month （正） ①The man has died for two years.（误） ②The man has been dead for two years.（正） ①How long have you bought the book?（误） ②How long have you had the book.（正） 4．几组对比： ①He has gone to Shanghai. 他去上海了。 ②He has been to Shanghai. 他去过上海。 ①She has gone.她已走了。 ②She is gone.她缺席了。（or她死了。） ①The door has been closed.门关上了。（动作） ②The door is closed.门是关着的。（状态） 九．过去完成时：had + 过去分词 1．表示过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。例如： ①They had got everything ready before I came. ②The play had begun before I got to the theater with my boyfriend. 2．过去完成时常用于 hardly / scarcely ... when, no sooner ... than（“一……就”）等固定句型结构中。例如： ①She had hardly / scarcely gone to bed when the bell rang. =Hardly/Scarcely had she gone to bed when the bell rang. ②He had no sooner arrived at the railway station than he met her parents. =No sooner had he arrived at the railway station than he met her parents. 注意 ：hardly /scarcely/no sooner 在句首时要用部分倒装。 3．intend（打算），mean（打算），plan（计划）hope（希望），want（想要）等动词的过去完成时用来表示“本打算/本计划/本希望/本想要做而没有”做的事。例如： ①I had intended to call on you yesterday, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave. ②They had planned to hold a football match last week, but they had to cancel it because of the bad weather. 十．将来完成时：shall / will have +过去分词。 表示将来某时之前已经完成的动作。例如： ①They will have been here for 5 years next Friday. ②By the end of this month, he will have finished the book. 十一．现在完成进行时：have / has + been + 现在分词 1．表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。 例如： ①I have been waiting for an hour but she hasn't come. ②He has been running after her for 8 years. ③I have been learning English since six years ago. 2．表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，例如： ①She has been playing tennis since she was eight. 3.表某种感情色彩。例如： ①I've been wanting to see you for so many years. ②Who's been telling you such nonsense. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时对比： 现在完成时强调“结果”，而现在完成进行时强调“动作的延续”。例如： ①I have thought of it.（我已想到了这一点。） ②I have been thinking of it.（我一直在想这一点。） ①Jim has painted the door.（杰姆已将门油漆过了。） ②Jim has been painting the door.（杰姆一直在油漆门。） 注意：表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。例如，我们可以说：I have known him for years.但是不能说：I have been knowing him for years.这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love，like，hate等等。 十二．过去完成进行时：had been + 现在分词 表示过去某个时间之前一直在进行的动作。例如： ①She said that she had been typing a paper before I came in. ②I had been waiting for him before he arrived. 十三．过去将来进行时：would be + 现在分词 表示从过去某时看将来某个时侯正在进行的动作。例如： ①He asked me what I would be doing when he came the next day. ②He said that he would be reading the book all morning tomorrow. 十四．过去将来完成时：would have +过去分词 表示从过去某个时间看将来某时之前动作已经完成。例如： ①He said that they would have arrived by seven o'clock. ②I thought she would have told you something by then. 十五．将来完成进行时：shall / will have been + 现在分词 表示某一动作从某时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间，是否继续下去由上下文决定。例如： ①By the end of next year，we will have been doing business with each other for 20 years. ②We shall have been staying here for four weeks when Tom arrives. ③It will have been raining for a week if it does not stop tomorrow. 十六. 过去将来完成进行时：would have been + 现在分词 表示从过去的某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来的某一时间。动作是否继续进行，由上下文决定。例如： ①He said that by the end of the spring term he would have been studying English for three years. ②She told me that she would have been teaching in that university for 10 years by that summer. 动词的被动语态 一 .被动语态的构成：被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成，其中be动词本身没有意义，但有人称、单复数以及时态的变化。(不及物动词没有被动语态)常见各种时态 对应的被动语态：（以do为例） 一般时态 完成时态 进行时态 完成进行时态 现 在 is /am/are done has/have been done is/am/are being done 无 过 去 was/were done had been done was /were being done 无 将 来 shall /will be done shall/will have been done 无 无 过去将来 would be done would have been done 无 无 二.含有情态动词的被动语态： 由情态动词must/can/could/may/might/should/would+be done构成。例如： ①The task must be finished before this weekend. ②He should be punished because he told lies. ③The book may be taken away by someone. 三. 被动语态的用法： 1.不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者,被动语态中的介词短语by sb.通常省略。例如： ①The streets are swept every day. ②His car has been stolen. ③Rice is grown in many countries. ④This kind of advertisement can be seen everywhere. 2.带双宾语的及物动词变成被动语态有两种变法，指人的间接宾语用作被动语态的主语更常见。例如： ①He gave her a beautiful gift yesterday. →A beautiful gift was given to her (by him).或者 → She was given a beautiful gift (by him). 3.get +过去分词表被动，表示一种结果或状态。常见结构有：get killed/cheated/burnt/wounded/paid/hurt/lost/married/caught.例如： ①He got killed in the traffic accident last week. ②Don’t get cheated by her beauty. ③He got caught by the police because he exceeded the speed limit. 4.have sth done以及get sth done（主要用于口语中）常常表示安排别人把事情做好或谈论意外的、不好的事情。例如： ①I need to have my hair cut. ②Your watch is broken,you’d better get it repaired. ③If you don’t get out of my house, I will have you arrested . ④We had our money stolen when we were on holiday. ⑤Joe had his leg broken in a fight. 5.have sth to be done表示主动提出请求帮助别人做某事。例如： ①I am going shopping ,do you have anything to be bought? ②I intend to spend my holiday in our hometown,do you have anything to be taken to your parents? ③Do you have anything to be typed,sir? 四．主动形式表被动意义： 1.look，feel，taste，sound，smell，appear，seem，prove，turn，stay，become，fall，get，keep，grow等系动词+形容词或名词构成系表结构。例如： ①The ice feels cold. ②His plan proved practical. 2.表示开始、结果、运动的动词，如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，shut，run，move等。例如： ①Work began at 7'clock this morning. ②The shop closes at 6 p.m every day. 3.形容词easy，hard，fit，nice，dangerous，difficult等后面接动词不定式，且不定式和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例如： ①This kind of water is fit to drink. ②The text is easy to understand. 4.某些动词如read,write,sell,wash,clean,lock,open,dry等在表示主语的某种性质时，常用主动表被动。例如： ①The clothes washes well. ②Your pen writes smoothly. 5.其他的主动表被动的情况。例如： ①The book is worth reading. ②My bike needs/wants/requires repairing. =My bike needs/wants/requires to be repaired. ③Who is to blame? 动词的时态与语态易错点 易错陷阱1：一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时易混易错点 【分析】 一般现在时 常与always，often，sometimes，usually等连用或通过上下文表示。 一般过去时 常与时间状语连用，或者通过上下文逻辑意思及动词时态来体现。 连用时间状语：last week, in 2021, 3 days ago, the other day, in the past 现在完成时 强调对现在造成的结果和影响，通常与时间段连用。 连用时间状语：so far, since, in the past/last 3 days, up to now The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often________ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). 易错分析：对一般规则死记硬背，不具体分析句子结构和句意。在时态题中，上下文的时态暗示是重要线索。应当在句中瞻前顾后寻找并列连词and, but, or, rather than, or, not only...but also...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。 易错陷阱2：一般过去时和过去完成时易混易错点 【分析】 一般过去时 过去的动作或情况。 过去完成时 过去的动作或时间之前发生的事。 连用时间状语：by the end of+过去时间，before+过去时间。 特殊用法 1.下列动词hope、 wish、 expect、 think、 intend、 mean、 suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。 2.This/It/That was the first/second/third ... time that ...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”，that从句中要用过去完成时。 3.hardly ... when ...和no sooner ... than ...两个句型中，主句均用过去完成时。 易错陷阱3：现在完成时和过去完成时易混易错点 【分析】 现在完成时 连用时间状语so far, since, in the past/last 3 days, up to now 过去完成时 过去的动作或时间之前发生的事。即“过去的过去”，句中必须出现表示过去的动作、状态或时间状语。 对比 He has been ill for two weeks。他已经病了两个星期了。 He had been ill for two weeks before she came back。 在她回来之前，他已经病了两个星期了。 易错陷阱4：主动语态和被动语态易混易错点 【分析】 受母语干扰，翻译上下文时混淆被动语态与主动语态。 混淆谓语动词被动语态构词be+done与非谓语动词重点过去分词done。 不及物动词及表示主语品质和状态的动词不用被动语态，如：sell, read, write, lock, wash, drive等。 系动词不用被动语态，如：look看起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, sound听起来, feel摸起来, prove证明时, turn out结果，证明等。 【易错点提醒一】 一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时易混易错点 As a little girl, I ________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 易错分析：不关注句中的时间状语As a little girl和逻辑意思理解错误是失分原因。 The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 易错分析：句子较长，容易引起句子结构分析失误和翻译的重心转移，从而忽略关键词previously。 The bridge (call) the Bach Long suspension bridge. It means “White Dragon” in Vietnamese. 易错分析：未能瞻前顾后，正确理解上下文的含义。下文means给出限速，强调客观事实。 Panda conservation, on its own, _____ (be) a success up to now. 【易错点提醒二】 一般过去时和过去完成时易混易错点 He raised a glass of water and asked the audience, “How heavy do you think this glass of water is?” The students’ answers (range) from 20g to 500g. 易错分析：本题重在分析句子结构，容易误填ranging，应知此处作谓语。谓语与非谓语的考查是高考的重点。 Noting China’s achievements of green development in urban and rural areas, Zhang Xiaohong, vice minister of housing and urban-rural development, ___(stress) the difficult task of saving energy and reducing carbon emissions in urban and rural construction at a press conference on Monday. 易错分析：此句属于长难句，句子结构容易分析错误从而不会正确翻译，同时上下文时态的兼顾也是解题重点。 Since the Chinese highly qualified silk_________(make) its fame to the western countries, the merchants sought the opportunity of trading Chinese silk along this route and gained a great fortune. 易错分析：此题容易因为since而受到干扰，应当正确分析句子结构，理解since此处表“因为”。不能单纯看词形识别时间状语，英语单词由很多是一词多义，需具体分析上下文逻辑意思。 In fact, there is a Lanzhou Beef Noodles restaurant right downstairs, which is about 100 yards from our Beijing apartment, My niece Kim came to visit us in Beijing this summer, and after visiting many fancy restaurants, she declared this bowl of noodles to be the best thing she (eat) in China ever. 【易错点提醒三】现在完成时和过去完成时易混易错点 I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I_____ （make）over the years. 易错分析：本题出错主要因为固定短语记忆不牢及汉语翻译已经错误联想had done运用过去完成时则句中要出现表示过去的动作或时间。要牢记现在完成时经常搭配的时间状语：since, so far, up to now, in/over/during the past days等。 On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example,roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 易错分析：受到母语翻译影响，很多学生只要翻译为“已经”，就联想到have的过去时had，继而had done, 属于现在完成时和过去完成时构成形式记忆不牢。 By Aug 19, Haihua Island________ (receive) over 1 million tourists during the summer vacation. 易错分析：未能牢记过去完成时经常搭配的时间状语如by +过去时间，by the end of+过去时间。 He mentioned that the Chinese market is significant for jade products, and his business (operate) in China for 10 years. 【易错点提醒四】 主动语态和被动语态易混易错点 Wudang martial arts based on the Taoist ideology (create) by one of the most famous Taoists, named Zhang Sanfeng in the early years of the Ming Dynasty. 易错分析：句子结构分析错误，谓语动词分析不当，混淆谓语的被动语态和过去分词都是错误原因。 Today, the modernist complex (stock) with so many art works that the exhibit arenas can show just a part of them at a time, making the artistic special exhibitions a highlight of any visit to the Getty. 易错分析：句子结构分析错误，未能正确理解句子的意思和句子成分，本句属于正确拆分长难句，并分析逻辑关系。 The choice of “Turret of Palace Museum” as the theme for the mini building block project (base) on several factors. The reinforced glass (use) for the bridge can hold up to 450 people at a time. 易错分析：不关注设空后的句子成分，未能发现can hold才是真正的谓语动词，容易误填be done。 高考模拟试题 一、单项选择 1．（2024·天津和平·二模）—He has got A for his term paper. He must have prepared for it for a long time. —Exactly. He _______ the whole summer doing research through Europe. A．has spent B．had spent C．spent D．would spend 2．（2024·天津和平·二模）According to the doctor, this time next week, I_______ around as normal and the cut on my foot _______ completely. A．am walking, healed B．will be walking, will have healed C．walks, is going to heal D．have been walking, heals 3．（2024·天津·一模）The number of firms selling smartphones in this region ______ since last year. A．dropped B．was being dropped C．have been dropping D．has dropped 4．（2024·山东济南·二模）-- ______? --Yes, a bit cold, though. A．Freezing, isn't it B．Nice day, isn't it C．Bad weather, don't you think D．Cold weather, isn't it 5．（2024·天津·二模）Since its establishment, the Flying Tiger Historical Association ______ to friendly interactions between the Chinese and American people. A．has contributed B．has been contributing C．contributed D．contributes 6．（2024·天津·模拟预测）—I really shouldn’t have been so rude and lost my temper. —Well. I ______ you to hold back your anger, but... A．have reminded B．had reminded C．would remind D．reminded 7．（2024·天津武清·模拟预测）— Could you attend the lecture about city development tomorrow afternoon? — Sorry, I ______ to Paris for a Chinese silk exhibition then. A．will be flying B．will fly C．fly D．am flying 8．（2024·天津·二模）I miss my parents very much; I_______ from my home for 5 months by next Sunday. A．am away B．will have been away C．have been away D．will be away 9．（2024·天津·二模）There is a river near my home, into which large quantities of waste water _______ poured every day in the past. A．were B．have been C．was D．has been 10．（2024·天津南开·一模）She ________that the glass would break while opening the window. A．has frightened B．was frightened C．frightened D．had frightened 11．（2024·天津红桥·一模）The cars produced in our factory sell well, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the market that they ________. A．were to play B．were playing C．had played D．played 12．（2024·天津和平·一模）Shadow puppets ______ in China and ______ as far as Turkey and Greece today. A．will originate; have been spreading B．originate; will be spreading C．was originated; is spreading D．originated; have spread 13．（2024·天津河东·一模）I’m afraid I can’t go shopping with you this Sunday afternoon because I ______a meeting at that time. A．will have B．will be having C．has had D．would have 14．（2024·天津河北·一模）Nearly seventeen centuries ________ before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place. A．has rolled away B．had rolled away C．rolled away D．was rolling away 15．（2024·天津和平·一模）I haven’t finished my homework yet. I ______ my mother in the kitchen all day yesterday. A．have been helping B．was helping C．had helped D．have helped 16．（2024·陕西西安·三模）The students spent as much time getting trained as they ______ studying. A．disliked B．were C．had D．did 17．（2024广东深圳·一模）Recent years ______ a significant increase in the use of AI across different aspects of human life. A．saw B．see C．are seeing D．have seen 18．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）For many years, more than one generation of schoolchildren ________ by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. A．have been amazed B．has been amazed C．was amazed D．were amazed 19．（2024山东济南二模）The lady insisted that the young man ________ her wallet and that he should be sent to the police station at once. A．had stolen B．steal C．has stolen D．stole 20．（2024·天津·一模）Better than half a billion dollars ______ that fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat over the past eighty years. A．have gone into B．had gone into C．have been gone into D．has gone into 21．（2024·天津武清·二模）Hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew ______ crowds, discomfort and danger. A．include B．will include C．included D．would include 22．（2024江苏南通三模）The local government announced that only when the fire was under control ________ to return to their homes. A．the residents would be allowed B．had the residents been allowed C．would the residents be allowed D．the residents had been allowed 23．（2024·广东湛江·一模）________that it was already the fourth time that he _________abroad. A．So lucky was he; traveled B．So lucky he was; traveled C．So lucky was he; had traveled D．So lucky he was; had traveled 24．（2024·山东临沂·二模）— I want to know when Lucy ______ to my birthday party this Sunday. — I don’t know. But I think she will tell me when she ______. A．comes; comes B．comes; will come C．will come; comes D．will come; will come 25．（2024·江苏连云港·三模）I __________ to give you just a surprise quiz but on second thought I chose to let you reflect on your exercises. A．had intended B．has intended C．intended D．has been intended 二、单词拼写 26．（2024·陕西西安·一模）As soon as the fire alarm went off, everyone in the building (逃离) to the nearest exit. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 27．（2024·山东潍坊·模拟预测）You have f (原谅) me, haven’t you? (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 三、翻译 28．（2024·上海·模拟预测）这所百年老校近年来开展了一系列“古典乐进课堂”活动，让更多学生感受到经典的独特魅力。(launch) 29．（2024·上海·模拟预测）尽管市场上饮料品种丰富，但我还是深深着迷于中国传统的茶文化。(although) 30．（2024·上海浦东新·三模）他运动之前习惯热身和拉伸以避免受伤。(ritual) 31．（2024·上海浦东新·三模）为缓解人口老龄化的压力，中国政府正在建立更多的社区机构来为老年人的生活提供支持。(ease) 32．（2024·上海宝山·二模）坦率地说，考试分数只能作为一个参考，不能作为评价的唯一标准。(guideline) 33．（2024·上海松江·二模）这位摄影师觉得去热门景点拍照没意思，他已计划好要去沙漠找灵感。(instead) 34．（2024·上海松江·二模）她原以为没多少人会来体育馆看比赛，结果看台上座无虚席。(it) 35．（2024·上海松江·二模）这家软件公司会从技术上保护设计师的创意。(perspective) 36．（2024·上海松江·二模）大多数中国人喜欢在生日的时候吃碗面。(tend) 37．（2024·上海崇明·二模）你只要脚踏实地，努力做好每一件事，你的梦想就会离你越来越近。(effort) 38．（2024·上海崇明·二模）毫无疑问，这个历史小镇已成为了很多游客追捧的旅游胜地。(doubt) 39．（2024·上海崇明·二模）难以置信的是，她看似柔弱，却是一个渴望探险的女孩子。(long) 40．（2024·上海虹口·二模）随着人们的生活回归正轨，工作节奏加快，一些宠物被遗弃街头无家可归。(As) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 动词的时态和语态（讲义） 目录 一 动词的时态 二 动词的被动语态 三 动词的时态与语态易错点 四 高考模拟试题 动词的时态和语态是高考必考考点。时态（tense）是一种动词形式，同一动词的不同变化形式表达不同的时态，英语中有16种时态。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对于时态列了十项：（1）一般现在时（2）一般过去时（3）一般将来时（4）现在进行时（5）过去进行时（6）过去将来时（7）将来进行时（8）现在完成时（9）过去完成时（10）现在完成进行时；此外还列了被动语态，并将其作为单独一项。 动词的时态 一、一般现在时：动词原形或第三人称单数 1．构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。 （1）直接加“s”：work→works，take→takes （2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”：carry→carries （3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”：go→goes，dress→dresses，watch→watches，finish→finishes 2．功能： （1）表现在的事实、状态或动作。例如： ①I have a dream. ②She loves music. ③Mary's parents get up very early. （2）表习惯性动作或职业，常与often，sometimes，usually，always，every week，occasionally，frequently，seldom等时间副词连用。例如： 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现 在 do/does is/am/are doing has/have done has/have been doing 过 去 did was /were doing had done had been doing 将 来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 would do would be doing would have done would have been doing ①I always take a walk after supper. ②She writes to me very often. ③She is an English teacher. （3）表客观真理，格言警句或事实。例如： ①The earth moves around the sun. ②The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. ③Two and two makes four. ④ No man but errs. （4）表示将来发生的动作： A．在由when，after, before，as，as soon as，although，because，if，even if，in case，till，until，unless，as long as，where，whatever，wherever 等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。例如： ① I'll tell her when she comes tomorrow. ② Even if it rains this afternoon, I'll meet you. ③Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed. ④ I'll be right here waiting for you wherever you go. B．按时间表将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。例如： ①The play begins at 6:30 this evening. ②When does the plane take off? ③He leaves for that city next week. ④According to the timetable, the train starts at 9 o’clock. 二．一般过去时：动词的过去式 1．表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。例如： ①We visited the school last spring. ②I went to school by bike when I was in middle school. ③China was founded in 1949. 2．在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。例如： ①She told me she would’t go with us if it rained the next day. ②They would not leave until she came back. ③His girlfriend promised to marry him once he bought her a big house. 三．一般将来时：shall / will + 动词原形 1．表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。例如： ①He will graduate from the college next year. ②We shall finish our work as quickly as possible. 2．将来时的其它结构。 例如： I .is/am/are going to do sth.（美国口语中常读作be gonna） ①I'm going to buy a new car this fall. ②He is going to sell his house. 注意：be going to与will的对比：下列情况须用will ①I will be sixteen years old next year. ②It will be the 20th of August tomorrow. ③When he comes, I will give him your message. II. is/am/are + to do sth.表示计划安排做某事或征求意见。例如： ①Am I to take over his work? ②We are to meet at the gate. III. is/am/are about to do sth. 即将做某事。例如： ①The talk is about to begin. 四．一般过去将来时：would + 动词原形 1.表示过去某时之后将出现的情况，通常用于宾语从句中。例如： ①He said that they would meet me at the station. ②She told me that she would come to see me. 2.表示过去习惯性动作（不管什么人称都用would）。例如： ①Whenever he had time,Tom would go to see his grandma. ②The old couple would go for a walk after supper. 注意句型： was/were about to do sth. when……正要做某事,这时…… =was/were on the point of doing sth. when……（when引导的从句要用一般过去时）例如： ①He was about to go out when the telephone rang. ②I was about to go shopping when it rained. ③She was on the point of having supper when the light went off. 五．现在进行时：is / am / are +现在分词 1．表示现在正在进行的动作。例如： ①The water is boiling. Shall I make tea? ②The workers are building a new bridge across the river. 2．表现阶段正进行的动作。例如： ①He is taking physics this semester. ②We are preparing for our final examination this week. ③Don't you think you eat too much? You're putting on weight. 3．go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, die, start, return, join, etc.用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。例如： ① Look! The bus is coming. ②The old man is seriously ill, and he is dying. ③Alice is leaving for Shanghai with her mother. 4．与 always, forever, continually, constantly 等副词连用，表示说话人带有感情色彩：赞赏或厌恶。例如： ①He is always thinking of others. ②The boy is continually making noises. ③The teacher is constantly criticizing her for being late. 六．过去进行时：was /were +现在分词 1．表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。 例如： ①I was playing chess at 8 yesterday evening. ②When I arrived, they were watching TV. ③They were doing housework this time last week. 2．用于条件状语从句中表示过去将来进行的动作。例如： ①She told me to wake him up if she was sleeping. ②I asked my friend to warn me about it as long as I was driving too fast. 3．过去某时将发生的事。例如： ①They told me that they were leaving for New York. ②He was going out when I arrived. 七．将来进行时：shall / will be + 现在分词 1．表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作。例如： ①What will you be doing this time tomorrow? ②I will be having dinner this time tomorrow. 2．用将来进行时询问别人的计划、打算比用一般将来时更显礼貌。例如： ①Will you be having supper with us this evening? ②Will you be coming to see us tomorrow? 3．将来进行时表示对即将发生的动作的推测。例如： ①She will be arriving at Shanghai tomorrow morning. ②The car will be going at the speed of 100 miles an hour. 八．现在完成时：have / has +过去分词 1．表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与yet，just，before，recently，lately，ever，never等表时间的副词搭配使用。例如： ①He hasn't seen her lately. ②I haven't finished the book yet. 2．表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作，常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：so far（迄今为止），up till now（直到现在），for a long time（很长时间），，in the past / in the last few years（在过去的几年里），these days（这些日子）。例如： ①He has worked here for 15 years. ②I have studied English since I came here. ③The foreigner has been away from China for a long time. ④So far, I haven't received a single letter from my brother. 3．某些非延续性动词（即：动作开始便终止的动词），在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。 I．常见的非延续动词：die, arrive，join，leave，go, refuse，fail，finish，buy，marry，divorce，awake ，buy，borrow，lend 等。 II．这类动词并非不能用现在完成时，而是不能接常由for引导的时间状语。 III．但若是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如： ①She has gone away for a month.（误） ②She has been away for a month （正） ①The man has died for two years.（误） ②The man has been dead for two years.（正） ①How long have you bought the book?（误） ②How long have you had the book.（正） 4．几组对比： ①He has gone to Shanghai. 他去上海了。 ②He has been to Shanghai. 他去过上海。 ①She has gone.她已走了。 ②She is gone.她缺席了。（or她死了。） ①The door has been closed.门关上了。（动作） ②The door is closed.门是关着的。（状态） 九．过去完成时：had + 过去分词 1．表示过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。例如： ①They had got everything ready before I came. ②The play had begun before I got to the theater with my boyfriend. 2．过去完成时常用于 hardly / scarcely ... when, no sooner ... than（“一……就”）等固定句型结构中。例如： ①She had hardly / scarcely gone to bed when the bell rang. =Hardly/Scarcely had she gone to bed when the bell rang. ②He had no sooner arrived at the railway station than he met her parents. =No sooner had he arrived at the railway station than he met her parents. 注意 ：hardly /scarcely/no sooner 在句首时要用部分倒装。 3．intend（打算），mean（打算），plan（计划）hope（希望），want（想要）等动词的过去完成时用来表示“本打算/本计划/本希望/本想要做而没有”做的事。例如： ①I had intended to call on you yesterday, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave. ②They had planned to hold a football match last week, but they had to cancel it because of the bad weather. 十．将来完成时：shall / will have +过去分词。 表示将来某时之前已经完成的动作。例如： ①They will have been here for 5 years next Friday. ②By the end of this month, he will have finished the book. 十一．现在完成进行时：have / has + been + 现在分词 1．表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。 例如： ①I have been waiting for an hour but she hasn't come. ②He has been running after her for 8 years. ③I have been learning English since six years ago. 2．表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，例如： ①She has been playing tennis since she was eight. 3.表某种感情色彩。例如： ①I've been wanting to see you for so many years. ②Who's been telling you such nonsense. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时对比： 现在完成时强调“结果”，而现在完成进行时强调“动作的延续”。例如： ①I have thought of it.（我已想到了这一点。） ②I have been thinking of it.（我一直在想这一点。） ①Jim has painted the door.（杰姆已将门油漆过了。） ②Jim has been painting the door.（杰姆一直在油漆门。） 注意：表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。例如，我们可以说：I have known him for years.但是不能说：I have been knowing him for years.这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love，like，hate等等。 十二．过去完成进行时：had been + 现在分词 表示过去某个时间之前一直在进行的动作。例如： ①She said that she had been typing a paper before I came in. ②I had been waiting for him before he arrived. 十三．过去将来进行时：would be + 现在分词 表示从过去某时看将来某个时侯正在进行的动作。例如： ①He asked me what I would be doing when he came the next day. ②He said that he would be reading the book all morning tomorrow. 十四．过去将来完成时：would have +过去分词 表示从过去某个时间看将来某时之前动作已经完成。例如： ①He said that they would have arrived by seven o'clock. ②I thought she would have told you something by then. 十五．将来完成进行时：shall / will have been + 现在分词 表示某一动作从某时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间，是否继续下去由上下文决定。例如： ①By the end of next year，we will have been doing business with each other for 20 years. ②We shall have been staying here for four weeks when Tom arrives. ③It will have been raining for a week if it does not stop tomorrow. 十六. 过去将来完成进行时：would have been + 现在分词 表示从过去的某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来的某一时间。动作是否继续进行，由上下文决定。例如： ①He said that by the end of the spring term he would have been studying English for three years. ②She told me that she would have been teaching in that university for 10 years by that summer. 动词的被动语态 一 .被动语态的构成：被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成，其中be动词本身没有意义，但有人称、单复数以及时态的变化。(不及物动词没有被动语态)常见各种时态 对应的被动语态：（以do为例） 一般时态 完成时态 进行时态 完成进行时态 现 在 is /am/are done has/have been done is/am/are being done 无 过 去 was/were done had been done was /were being done 无 将 来 shall /will be done shall/will have been done 无 无 过去将来 would be done would have been done 无 无 二.含有情态动词的被动语态： 由情态动词must/can/could/may/might/should/would+be done构成。例如： ①The task must be finished before this weekend. ②He should be punished because he told lies. ③The book may be taken away by someone. 三. 被动语态的用法： 1.不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者,被动语态中的介词短语by sb.通常省略。例如： ①The streets are swept every day. ②His car has been stolen. ③Rice is grown in many countries. ④This kind of advertisement can be seen everywhere. 2.带双宾语的及物动词变成被动语态有两种变法，指人的间接宾语用作被动语态的主语更常见。例如： ①He gave her a beautiful gift yesterday. →A beautiful gift was given to her (by him).或者 → She was given a beautiful gift (by him). 3.get +过去分词表被动，表示一种结果或状态。常见结构有：get killed/cheated/burnt/wounded/paid/hurt/lost/married/caught.例如： ①He got killed in the traffic accident last week. ②Don’t get cheated by her beauty. ③He got caught by the police because he exceeded the speed limit. 4.have sth done以及get sth done（主要用于口语中）常常表示安排别人把事情做好或谈论意外的、不好的事情。例如： ①I need to have my hair cut. ②Your watch is broken,you’d better get it repaired. ③If you don’t get out of my house, I will have you arrested . ④We had our money stolen when we were on holiday. ⑤Joe had his leg broken in a fight. 5.have sth to be done表示主动提出请求帮助别人做某事。例如： ①I am going shopping ,do you have anything to be bought? ②I intend to spend my holiday in our hometown,do you have anything to be taken to your parents? ③Do you have anything to be typed,sir? 四．主动形式表被动意义： 1.look，feel，taste，sound，smell，appear，seem，prove，turn，stay，become，fall，get，keep，grow等系动词+形容词或名词构成系表结构。例如： ①The ice feels cold. ②His plan proved practical. 2.表示开始、结果、运动的动词，如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，shut，run，move等。例如： ①Work began at 7'clock this morning. ②The shop closes at 6 p.m every day. 3.形容词easy，hard，fit，nice，dangerous，difficult等后面接动词不定式，且不定式和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例如： ①This kind of water is fit to drink. ②The text is easy to understand. 4.某些动词如read,write,sell,wash,clean,lock,open,dry等在表示主语的某种性质时，常用主动表被动。例如： ①The clothes washes well. ②Your pen writes smoothly. 5.其他的主动表被动的情况。例如： ①The book is worth reading. ②My bike needs/wants/requires repairing. =My bike needs/wants/requires to be repaired. ③Who is to blame? 动词的时态与语态易错点 易错陷阱1：一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时易混易错点 【分析】 一般现在时 常与always，often，sometimes，usually等连用或通过上下文表示。 一般过去时 常与时间状语连用，或者通过上下文逻辑意思及动词时态来体现。 连用时间状语：last week, in 2021, 3 days ago, the other day, in the past 现在完成时 强调对现在造成的结果和影响，通常与时间段连用。 连用时间状语：so far, since, in the past/last 3 days, up to now The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often________ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). 易错分析：对一般规则死记硬背，不具体分析句子结构和句意。在时态题中，上下文的时态暗示是重要线索。应当在句中瞻前顾后寻找并列连词and, but, or, rather than, or, not only...but also...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。 【答案】featured 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合and后动词时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。 易错陷阱2：一般过去时和过去完成时易混易错点 【分析】 一般过去时 过去的动作或情况。 过去完成时 过去的动作或时间之前发生的事。 连用时间状语：by the end of+过去时间，before+过去时间。 特殊用法 1.下列动词hope、 wish、 expect、 think、 intend、 mean、 suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。 2.This/It/That was the first/second/third ... time that ...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”，that从句中要用过去完成时。 3.hardly ... when ...和no sooner ... than ...两个句型中，主句均用过去完成时。 易错陷阱3：现在完成时和过去完成时易混易错点 【分析】 现在完成时 连用时间状语so far, since, in the past/last 3 days, up to now 过去完成时 过去的动作或时间之前发生的事。即“过去的过去”，句中必须出现表示过去的动作、状态或时间状语。 对比 He has been ill for two weeks。他已经病了两个星期了。 He had been ill for two weeks before she came back。 在她回来之前，他已经病了两个星期了。 易错陷阱4：主动语态和被动语态易混易错点 【分析】 受母语干扰，翻译上下文时混淆被动语态与主动语态。 混淆谓语动词被动语态构词be+done与非谓语动词重点过去分词done。 不及物动词及表示主语品质和状态的动词不用被动语态，如：sell, read, write, lock, wash, drive等。 系动词不用被动语态，如：look看起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, sound听起来, feel摸起来, prove证明时, turn out结果，证明等。 【易错点提醒一】 一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时易混易错点 As a little girl, I ________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 易错分析：不关注句中的时间状语As a little girl和逻辑意思理解错误是失分原因。 【答案】wished 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 易错分析：句子较长，容易引起句子结构分析失误和翻译的重心转移，从而忽略关键词previously。 【答案】were 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句讲的是过去未受保护，所以要用一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。本句句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。故填were。 The bridge (call) the Bach Long suspension bridge. It means “White Dragon” in Vietnamese. 易错分析：未能瞻前顾后，正确理解上下文的含义。下文means给出限速，强调客观事实。 【答案】is called 【解析】考查时态、语态。句意：这座桥被称为巴克隆悬索桥。陈述客观情况，用一般现在时，call与主语The bridge之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，助动词用is。故填is called。 Panda conservation, on its own, _____ (be) a success up to now. 【答案】has been 【解析】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，熊猫保护本身是成功的。根据后文up to now可知为现在完成时，主语为conservation，助动词用has。故填has been。 【易错点提醒二】 一般过去时和过去完成时易混易错点 He raised a glass of water and asked the audience, “How heavy do you think this glass of water is?” The students’ answers (range) from 20g to 500g. 易错分析：本题重在分析句子结构，容易误填ranging，应知此处作谓语。谓语与非谓语的考查是高考的重点。 【答案】ranged 【解析】考查时态。句意：学生们的回答从20克到500克不等。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，结合上下文时态可知，陈述过去所发生的事情，使用一般过去时，故填ranged。 Noting China’s achievements of green development in urban and rural areas, Zhang Xiaohong, vice minister of housing and urban-rural development, ___(stress) the difficult task of saving energy and reducing carbon emissions in urban and rural construction at a press conference on Monday. 易错分析：此句属于长难句，句子结构容易分析错误从而不会正确翻译，同时上下文时态的兼顾也是解题重点。 【答案】stressed 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：住房和城乡建设部副部长张晓红在周一的新闻发布会上提到了中国在城乡绿色发展方面取得的成就，强调了在城乡建设中节能减排的艰巨任务。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，应用动词；主语Zhang Xiaohong与动词stress之间为主动关系，结合时间状语on Monday可知，此处表示过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填stressed。 Since the Chinese highly qualified silk_________(make) its fame to the western countries, the merchants sought the opportunity of trading Chinese silk along this route and gained a great fortune. 易错分析：此题容易因为since而受到干扰，应当正确分析句子结构，理解since此处表“因为”。不能单纯看词形识别时间状语，英语单词由很多是一词多义，需具体分析上下文逻辑意思。 【答案】had made 【解析】考查时态。句意：由于中国高品质的丝绸在西方国家名声大噪，商人们就沿着这条路线寻找交易中国丝绸的机会，并获得了巨大的财富。此处从句表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had made。 In fact, there is a Lanzhou Beef Noodles restaurant right downstairs, which is about 100 yards from our Beijing apartment, My niece Kim came to visit us in Beijing this summer, and after visiting many fancy restaurants, she declared this bowl of noodles to be the best thing she (eat) in China ever. 【答案】had eaten 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用的是动词作谓语，根据前文的 she declared 以及句意可知，此处表示的是动作发生在过去之前故使用过去完成时。故填had eaten。 【易错点提醒三】现在完成时和过去完成时易混易错点 I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I_____ （make）over the years. 易错分析：本题出错主要因为固定短语记忆不牢及汉语翻译已经错误联想had done运用过去完成时则句中要出现表示过去的动作或时间。要牢记现在完成时经常搭配的时间状语：since, so far, up to now, in/over/during the past days等。 【答案】have made 【解析】考查时态。句意：我喜欢去这里，看我的家人和这些年我结交的朋友们。根据句中over the years可知应道使用现在完成时，其构成是have/has done。故填have made。 On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example,roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 易错分析：受到母语翻译影响，很多学生只要翻译为“已经”，就联想到have的过去时had，继而had done, 属于现在完成时和过去完成时构成形式记忆不牢。 【答案】have promised 【解析】考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。 By Aug 19, Haihua Island________ (receive) over 1 million tourists during the summer vacation. 易错分析：未能牢记过去完成时经常搭配的时间状语如by +过去时间，by the end of+过去时间。 【答案】had received 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：截至8月19日，海花岛在暑假期间接待了超过100万游客。根据上文By Aug 19可知，此处表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had received。 He mentioned that the Chinese market is significant for jade products, and his business (operate) in China for 10 years. 【答案】has been operating/has operated 【解析】考查时态。根据后面的时间状语for 10 years可知，此处应用现在完成进行时态或者现在完成时。 【易错点提醒四】 主动语态和被动语态易混易错点 Wudang martial arts based on the Taoist ideology (create) by one of the most famous Taoists, named Zhang Sanfeng in the early years of the Ming Dynasty. 易错分析：句子结构分析错误，谓语动词分析不当，混淆谓语的被动语态和过去分词都是错误原因。 【答案】were created 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：以道家思想为基础的武当武术，是明初著名的道士张三丰所创。根据时间状语in the early years of the Ming Dynasty可知用一般过去时，句中主语Wudang martial arts是复数，和动词create是被动关系，指武当功夫被创造，在句中作谓语用被动语态。故填一般过去时的被动语态were created。 Today, the modernist complex (stock) with so many art works that the exhibit arenas can show just a part of them at a time, making the artistic special exhibitions a highlight of any visit to the Getty. 易错分析：句子结构分析错误，未能正确理解句子的意思和句子成分，本句属于正确拆分长难句，并分析逻辑关系。 【答案】is stocked 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：如今，这座现代主义建筑群里收藏着如此多的艺术作品，以至于展览场一次只能展出其中的一部分，这使得艺术特展成为任何参观盖蒂博物馆的亮点。根据句中can show可知，句子使用一般现在时，stock与主语the modernist complex之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语the modernist complex是单数，be动词应用is。故填is stocked。 The choice of “Turret of Palace Museum” as the theme for the mini building block project (base) on several factors. 【答案】was based 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：选择“故宫角楼”作为迷你积木项目的主题是基于几个因素。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“the choice”，单数，和动词“base”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was based。 The reinforced glass (use) for the bridge can hold up to 450 people at a time. 易错分析：不关注设空后的句子成分，未能发现can hold才是真正的谓语动词，容易误填be done。 【答案】used 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：桥上使用的强化玻璃一次最多可容纳450人。句子谓语hold，设空处应用非谓语动词，use与逻辑主语The reinforced glass之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填used。 高考模拟试题 一、单项选择 1．（2024·天津和平·二模）—He has got A for his term paper. He must have prepared for it for a long time. —Exactly. He _______ the whole summer doing research through Europe. A．has spent B．had spent C．spent D．would spend 【答案】C 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：——他的学期论文得了A。他一定为此准备了很长时间。——没错。他花了整个夏天在欧洲做研究。A. has spent（现在完成时）花时间B. had spent（过去完成时）花时间；C. spent（一般过去时）花时间；D. would spend花时间（过去将来时）。根据the whole summer可知，空处为过去式，空处与主语He之间为主动关系，空处应为一般过去时的主动形式spent，故选C项。 2．（2024·天津和平·二模）According to the doctor, this time next week, I_______ around as normal and the cut on my foot _______ completely. A．am walking, healed B．will be walking, will have healed C．walks, is going to heal D．have been walking, heals 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：根据医生的说法，下周这个时候，我将会像往常一样走路，而且我脚上的伤口也将完全愈合。walk“走路”，heal“康复”。根据时间状语this time next week可知，这里描述的是将来某一时间点正在进行的动作，and前的句子时态应用将来进行时，即will be doing形式，本题用will be walking。the cut on my foot的“康复”是到那时已经完成的动作，and后的句子时态应用将来完成时，即will have done形式，本题用will have healed。故选B。 3．（2024·天津·一模）The number of firms selling smartphones in this region ______ since last year. A．dropped B．was being dropped C．have been dropping D．has dropped 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自去年以来，该地区销售智能手机的公司数量有所下降。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据该句时间状语since last year可知，此处为现在完成时，主语The number of firms selling smartphones为“……的数量”表示单数意义名词，所以为动词三单形式。故选D项。 4．（2024·山东济南·二模）-- ______? --Yes, a bit cold, though. A．Freezing, isn't it B．Nice day, isn't it C．Bad weather, don't you think D．Cold weather, isn't it 【答案】B 【详解】考查反义疑问句。句意：--天气不错吧？ --是的，不过有点冷。根据答句“不过有一点冷”可知存在转折关系，可推知问句是表示好天气。故选B项。 5．（2024·天津·二模）Since its establishment, the Flying Tiger Historical Association ______ to friendly interactions between the Chinese and American people. A．has contributed B．has been contributing C．contributed D．contributes 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意：飞虎历史协会自成立以来，为促进中美两国人民友好交往作出了积极贡献。动词短语contribute to意为“为……做贡献”，根据Since its establishment可知，此处是指动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，且强调动作在这一段时间是一直正在进行的，应用现在完成进行时，主语是the Flying Tiger Historical Association，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 6．（2024·天津·模拟预测）—I really shouldn’t have been so rude and lost my temper. —Well. I ______ you to hold back your anger, but... A．have reminded B．had reminded C．would remind D．reminded 【答案】B 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：——我真的不应该这么粗鲁，发脾气。 ——嗯。我提醒过你忍住怒火，但是……A. have reminded提醒（现在完成时）；B. had reminded提醒（过去完成时）；C. would remind提醒（过去将来时）；D. reminded提醒（一般过去时）。分析可知，lost my temper发生在过去，remind所表示的动作发生在过去的过去，应为过去完成时态，应为had reminded，故选B项。 7．（2024·天津武清·模拟预测）— Could you attend the lecture about city development tomorrow afternoon? — Sorry, I ______ to Paris for a Chinese silk exhibition then. A．will be flying B．will fly C．fly D．am flying 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：——明天下午你能参加关于城市发展的讲座吗？——对不起，那个时候我正飞往巴黎去看中国的丝绸展。分析句子可知，then指代的就是tomorrow afternoon，表在将来的某一个时间正在做某事应用将来进行时。故选A项。 8．（2024·天津·二模）I miss my parents very much; I_______ from my home for 5 months by next Sunday. A．am away B．will have been away C．have been away D．will be away 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：我非常想念我的父母；到下周日，我将离开家5个月了。be away“离开”。根据by next Sunday可知， 到下周日时离开家5个月，所以句子时态用将来完成时，构成为will have done。故选B。 9．（2024·天津·二模）There is a river near my home, into which large quantities of waste water _______ poured every day in the past. A．were B．have been C．was D．has been 【答案】A 【详解】考查一般过去时和主谓一致。句意：我家附近有一条河，过去每天都有大量的废水被倒进河里。根据in the past可知，此处应用一般过去时。large quantities of后跟可数或不可数名词，谓语动词应用复数形式。故选A。 10．（2024·天津南开·一模）She ________that the glass would break while opening the window. A．has frightened B．was frightened C．frightened D．had frightened 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：她害怕打开窗户时玻璃会碎。be frightened that…“对……事情感到害怕”。根据that从句中的would break可知，该句描述的是过去发生的情况，所以用一般过去时态。A和D项的时态不对。而C项中的frighten可作动词，意为“使惊吓”，所以不符合句意。故选B。 11．（2024·天津红桥·一模）The cars produced in our factory sell well, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the market that they ________. A．were to play B．were playing C．had played D．played 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：我们工厂生产的汽车销路很好，但几年前，没有人能想象到它们会在市场上扮演的角色。根据时间状语several years ago可知，表示过去将要发生的事情，应用过去将来时。故选A。 12．（2024·天津和平·一模）Shadow puppets ______ in China and ______ as far as Turkey and Greece today. A．will originate; have been spreading B．originate; will be spreading C．was originated; is spreading D．originated; have spread 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：皮影戏起源于中国，现在已经传播到土耳其和希腊。第一空陈述过去事实，用一般过去时。originate“起源”，为不及物动词，没有被动语态；第二空根据时间状语“today”可知，用现在完成时态。故选D。 13．（2024·天津河东·一模）I’m afraid I can’t go shopping with you this Sunday afternoon because I ______a meeting at that time. A．will have B．will be having C．has had D．would have 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：恐怕这个星期天下午我不能和你一起去购物，因为那时我要开会。分析句子结构可知，空处为原因状语从句的谓语动词。根据主句的时间状语“this Sunday afternoon”以及从句中的时间状语“at that time”可知，本句话为将来进行时态，表示将来的某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生的事情，其结构为“will be doing sth.”。故选B。 14．（2024·天津河北·一模）Nearly seventeen centuries ________ before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place. A．has rolled away B．had rolled away C．rolled away D．was rolling away 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：在庞贝城从沉寂的安息之地被挖掘出来之前，将近17个世纪已经过去了。根据句意，roll away(滚走，消散)表示的动作发生在was dug之前，即过去的过去，所以应用过去完成时。故选B。 15．（2024·天津和平·一模）I haven’t finished my homework yet. I ______ my mother in the kitchen all day yesterday. A．have been helping B．was helping C．had helped D．have helped 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：我还没有完成我的家庭作业。我昨天一整天都在厨房帮我妈妈。根据时间状语“all day yesterday”可知，表示过去的一段时间内正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时态。故选B。 16．（2024·陕西西安·三模）The students spent as much time getting trained as they ______ studying. A．disliked B．were C．had D．did 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和助动词。句意：学生们花在训练上的时间和学习上的时间一样多。A. disliked不喜欢；B. were是；C. had有，过去完成时中助动词；D. did做，一般过去时中助动词。句子表示“学生们花在训练上的时间和学习上的时间一样多”，空格处意为“花费”，由前面的spent可知，空格处也本应用spent，为了避免重复，可用did代替前面的动作。故选D。 17．（2024广东深圳·一模）Recent years ______ a significant increase in the use of AI across different aspects of human life. A．saw B．see C．are seeing D．have seen 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：近年来，人工智能在人类生活的不同方面的应用显著增加。结合句意及“Recent years”可知，此处是描述过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响， 应用现在完成时，主语是名词复数，助动词使用have。故选D。 18．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）For many years, more than one generation of schoolchildren ________ by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. A．have been amazed B．has been amazed C．was amazed D．were amazed 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：多年来，不止一代的学生对他的勇敢和他寻找真理的科学方法感到惊讶。根据时间状语For many years可知，用现在完成时；“more than one + 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。故选B。 19．（2024山东济南二模）The lady insisted that the young man ________ her wallet and that he should be sent to the police station at once. A．had stolen B．steal C．has stolen D．stole 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这位女士坚持说那个年轻人偷了她的钱包，应该立即把他送到警察局。insist表示坚持，有两种情况，一是 “坚决要求”；二是“坚持说”。表示“坚决要求”，和demand，order等词汇一样，宾语从句谓语用虚拟语气形式should do，should可以省略。表示“坚持说”，宾语从句谓语用陈述语气，注意和主句时态一致。分析句子可知，句中第一个that引导的宾语从句表示“坚持说”，应用陈述语气，且steal这个动作发生在主句谓语动词insisted之前，应用过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”。故选A项。 20．（2024·天津·一模）Better than half a billion dollars ______ that fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat over the past eighty years. A．have gone into B．had gone into C．have been gone into D．has gone into 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的80年里，超过5亿美元投入该基金，购买了500多万英亩的栖息地。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据时间状语over the past eighty years可知，此处应使用现在完成时，go into与句子主语Better than half a billion dollars之间为主动关系，且金钱作主语时看作一个整体，所以谓语动词使用单数形式，所以该句的谓语形式为has gone into。故选D项。 21．（2024·天津武清·二模）Hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew ______ crowds, discomfort and danger. A．include B．will include C．included D．would include 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：数百人花了大价钱在一次他们明知道会包括拥挤、不舒适和危险的体验上。设空处为从句谓语，主句是一般过去时，从句表示从过去看将来，应用过去将来时，故选D。 22．（2024江苏南通三模）The local government announced that only when the fire was under control ________ to return to their homes. A．the residents would be allowed B．had the residents been allowed C．would the residents be allowed D．the residents had been allowed 【答案】C 【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意：当地政府宣布，只有当大火被控制住以后，居民们才可以返回家中。分析句子可知，在that引导的宾语从句中，only+强调时间状语从句when the fire was under control置于句首，主句使用部分倒装的形式，主句使用的是一般过去时，宾语从句“允许”的动作还未发生，故应用过去将来时，部分到装时，将助动词would置于主语之前。故选C。 23．（2024·广东湛江·一模）________that it was already the fourth time that he _________abroad. A．So lucky was he; traveled B．So lucky he was; traveled C．So lucky was he; had traveled D．So lucky he was; had traveled 【答案】C 【详解】考查倒装句式和固定句式。句意：他很幸运，这已经是他第四次出国旅行了。在so... that…结构中，若将so+adj. / adv. 置于句首，则其后的主句要用部分倒装，因此第一空填So lucky was he；It is（was）the first time that…这一固定句型中，若主句是谓语是is，则从句谓语用现在完成时，若主句谓语是was，则从句谓语用过去完成时；因此第二空填had traveled。故选C项。 24．（2024·山东临沂·二模）— I want to know when Lucy ______ to my birthday party this Sunday. — I don’t know. But I think she will tell me when she ______. A．comes; comes B．comes; will come C．will come; comes D．will come; will come 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态。句意：——我想知道这个星期天露西什么时候来参加我的生日聚会。——我不知道。但我想她来的时候会告诉我的。第一句when引导宾语从句，宾语从句中，主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用相关时态，根据从句语境“这个星期天露西什么时候来参加我的生日聚会”可知宾语从句使用一般将来时。第二句when引导时间状语从句，主将从现，主句（she will tell me）一般将来时，从句一般现在时。故选C项。 25．（2024·江苏连云港·三模）I __________ to give you just a surprise quiz but on second thought I chose to let you reflect on your exercises. A．had intended B．has intended C．intended D．has been intended 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：我本打算给你一个惊喜测验，但经过仔细考虑，我选择让你反思一下你的练习。根据 I chose to let you reflect on your exercises.可知，had intended to do sth“本打算做某事,实际上却未做”符合句意。故此题选A。 二、单词拼写 26．（2024·陕西西安·一模）As soon as the fire alarm went off, everyone in the building (逃离) to the nearest exit. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】fled/escaped 【详解】考查动词。句意：火警一响，大楼里的每个人都逃到最近的出口。根据汉语提示可知应用动词flee或escape；空处为主句谓语，结合上文went可知为一般过去时。故填fled/escaped。 27．（2024·山东潍坊·模拟预测）You have f (原谅) me, haven’t you? (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】forgiven/orgiven 【详解】考查动词。句意：你已经原谅我了，是吗？根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词forgive，句中缺少谓语动词，根据have可知，应用动词的过去分词形式，构成现在完成时。故填forgiven。 三、翻译 28．（2024·上海·模拟预测）这所百年老校近年来开展了一系列“古典乐进课堂”活动，让更多学生感受到经典的独特魅力。(launch) 【答案】In recent years, this century-old school has launched a series of ‘Classical Music in the Classroom’ activities, allowing more students to experience the unique charm of classics. 【详解】考查介词短语、名词短语、动词、动词短语、非谓语动词好时态。根据句意以及句子结构可知，表示“近年来”应为介词短语In recent years作时间状语；表示“这所百年老校”应为名词短语this century-old school；表示“开展”为动词launch；表示“一系列“古典乐进课堂”活动”应为名词短语a series of ‘Classical Music in the Classroom’ activities；后接非谓语动词作状语，表示“允许某人做某事”应为动词短语allow sb to do sth；此处allow和逻辑主语this century-old school为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式；表示“感受到经典的独特魅力”应为动词短语experience the unique charm of classics；结合句意和时间状语In recent years可知，该句应为现在完成时。故翻译为：In recent years, this century-old school has launched a series of ‘Classical Music in the Classroom’ activities, allowing more students to experience the unique charm of classics. 29．（2024·上海·模拟预测）尽管市场上饮料品种丰富，但我还是深深着迷于中国传统的茶文化。(although) 【答案】Although there are various beverages in/on the market, I am still deeply fascinated by traditional Chinese tea culture. 【详解】考查时态、让步状语从句、固定短语、副词、形容词和名词。表示“尽管”用although，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写；从句中：表示“有”用there be句型，本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且结合“饮料品种丰富”可知，be动词用are；表示“各种各样的”用形容词various，作定语，修饰“饮料”beverage，饮料不止一种，应用名词复数形式，作主语；表示“市场上”用固定短语in/on the market。主句中：表示“我”用I，作主语；表示“着迷于”用be fascinated by，be动词用am；表示“还是，仍然”用副词still；表示“深深地”用副词deeply，作状语；表示“传统的”用形容词traditional，作定语，修饰“中国茶文化”Chinese tea culture。故翻译为Although there are various beverages in/on the market, I am still deeply fascinated by traditional Chinese tea culture. 30．（2024·上海浦东新·三模）他运动之前习惯热身和拉伸以避免受伤。(ritual) 【答案】He makes it a ritual to warm up and stretch before exercising to avoid getting injured. 【详解】考查固定搭配，固定句式和动词不定式。本句描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。he作主语；表示“习惯”为a ritual；表示“热身”短语为warm up；表示“拉伸”动词为stretch；表示“运动之前”的短语为before exercising；表示“他运动之前习惯热身和拉伸”可用固定搭配He makes it a ritual to warm up and stretch before exercising，it作形式宾语，a ritual作宾补，动词不定式作真正的宾语；表示“避免做某事”应用avoid doing sth.。表示“以避免受伤”应用短语to avoid getting injured，动词不定式作目的状语。句首字母大写，故翻译为He makes it a ritual to warm up and stretch before exercising to avoid getting injured. 31．（2024·上海浦东新·三模）为缓解人口老龄化的压力，中国政府正在建立更多的社区机构来为老年人的生活提供支持。(ease) 【答案】To ease the pressure from the aging population, the Chinese government is now establishing more community agencies to support the lives of the elderly. 【详解】考查非谓语动词，时态和短语。分析句意可知，句子描述现阶段正在进行的动作用现在进行时，“为缓解人口老龄化的压力”作目的状语，用不定式形式，译为To ease the pressure from the aging population，主语the Chinese government“中国政府”，establish“建立”作谓语，用现在进行时，宾语“更多的社区”译为more community agencies，“来为老年人的生活提供支持”为目的状语，用不定式短语to support the lives of the elderly。故答案为To ease the pressure from the aging population, the Chinese government is now establishing more community agencies to support the lives of the elderly. 32．（2024·上海宝山·二模）坦率地说，考试分数只能作为一个参考，不能作为评价的唯一标准。(guideline) 【答案】Frankly speaking, a grade in a test is just a guideline, not the only standard for evaluation. 【详解】考查短语和时态。句子描述的为一般事实，使用一般现在时。“坦率地说”为“frankly speaking”，“考试分数”为“a grade in a test”，“只是”为“just”，“一个参考”为“a guideline”，则“考试分数只能作为一个参考”使用“主系表”的结构翻译为“A grade in a test is just a guideline.”，“不”为“not”，名词“评价”为“evaluation”，“唯一标准”为“the only standard”，则“评价的唯一标准”为“the only standard for evaluation”。故翻译为Frankly speaking, a grade in a test is just a guideline, not the only standard for evaluation. 33．（2024·上海松江·二模）这位摄影师觉得去热门景点拍照没意思，他已计划好要去沙漠找灵感。(instead) 【答案】The photographer finds it meaningless/boring to shoot/take pictures in popular tourist destinations, and instead he has planned to look for inspiration/inspiring ideas/things that can inspire him in the desert. 【详解】考查固定句型、名词、形容词、介词短语、动词短语和定语从句。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“摄影师”为名词The photographer；后接find it+adj+to do sth表示“发现做某事是怎样的”的固定句型，句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，表示“毫无意义的”为形容词meaningless；表示“拍照”应为动词短语take pictures；表示“在热门旅游目的地”应为介词短语in popular tourist destinations；表示“相反的是”为副词instead；表示“计划做某事”应为动词短语plan to do sth，此处表示已经完成的动作，为现在完成时；表示“寻找灵感”应为动词短语look for inspiration；后接关系代词that引导的定语从句，对先行词inspiration的修饰，在该定语从句中，表示“在沙漠中激励他”可译为that can inspire him in the desert。故翻译为The photographer finds it meaningless/boring to shoot/take pictures in popular tourist destinations, and instead he has planned to look for inspiration/inspiring ideas/things that can inspire him in the desert. 34．（2024·上海松江·二模）她原以为没多少人会来体育馆看比赛，结果看台上座无虚席。(it) 【答案】She (had) supposed that not many people would come to the stadium to watch the game, but it turned out that all the seats on the stand(s) were occupied. 【详解】考查宾语从句和固定句型。第一句主语为she；表示“以为”应用suppose，可用一般过去时或过去完成时；后跟that引导的宾语从句，表示“没多少人”应用not many people作主语；表示“来体育馆看比赛”翻译为come to the stadium to watch the game，为过去将来时；but连接并列句，表示“结果”句型为it turned out that…，为一般过去时；表示“看台上座无虚席”翻译为all the seats on the stand(s) were occupied。故翻译为She (had) supposed that not many people would come to the stadium to watch the game, but it turned out that all the seats on the stand(s) were occupied. 35．（2024·上海松江·二模）这家软件公司会从技术上保护设计师的创意。(perspective) 【答案】The software company will protect designers’ creativity/creative from a technical perspective/from a perspective of technology. 【详解】考查名词短语、动词短语、介词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“这家软件公司”应为名词短语The software company；表示“保护设计师的创意”应为动词短语protect designers’ creativity；表示“从技术上”应为介词短语from a perspective of technology；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述将来发生的事情，为一般将来时。故翻译为The software company will protect designers’ creativity/creative from a technical perspective/from a perspective of technology. 36．（2024·上海松江·二模）大多数中国人喜欢在生日的时候吃碗面。(tend) 【答案】Most Chinese people tend to eat a bowl of noodles on their birthdays. 【详解】考查动词短语。“大多数中国人”可翻译为“most Chinese people”，该名词短语在句中作主语。“tend to do sth.”意为“倾向于做……”。tend在句中作谓语动词。本句话描述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态，主语为复数，所以谓语动词用原形；“在生日的时候吃碗面”可以翻译为“eat a bowl of noodles on their birthdays”，their指代“most Chinese people”。故翻译为Most Chinese people tend to eat a bowl of noodles on their birthdays. 37．（2024·上海崇明·二模）你只要脚踏实地，努力做好每一件事，你的梦想就会离你越来越近。(effort) 【答案】As long as you stay rooted in the practical and make an effort to do everything well, your dream will get closer and closer to you. 【详解】考查条件状语从句、固定短语和时态。“你只要脚踏实地，努力做好每一件事”为“你的梦想就会离你越来越近”实现的条件，可用固定短语as long as表示“只要”，引导条件状语从句，从句时态用一般现在时表将来，主语“你”用代词you，“脚踏实地”可用固定短语stay rooted in the practical，“努力做好每一件事”可用动词短语make an effort to do everything well，两个动词短语之间用并列连词and连接；主句描述未来的情况，时态应用一般将来时，主语“你的梦想”可用名词短语your dream，“会离……越来越近”可用固定短语will get closer and closer to，“你”用代词you。故可译为：As long as you stay rooted in the practical and make an effort to do everything well, your dream will get closer and closer to you. 38．（2024·上海崇明·二模）毫无疑问，这个历史小镇已成为了很多游客追捧的旅游胜地。(doubt) 【答案】There’s no doubt that the historic town has become a popular tourist attraction for many tourists. 【详解】考查固定句型、名词短语和形容词。“毫无疑问”可用固定句型there’s no doubt that…，that引导同位语从句，从句描述过去发生的行为现在产生的结果，时态应用现在完成时，主语“这个历史小镇”可用名词短语the historic town，为单数，谓语“已成为了”可用动词has become，表语“很多游客追捧的旅游胜地”可用名词短语a popular tourist attraction for many tourists，其中形容词popular作修饰tourist attraction的定语。故可译为：There’s no doubt that the historic town has become a popular tourist attraction for many tourists. 39．（2024·上海崇明·二模）难以置信的是，她看似柔弱，却是一个渴望探险的女孩子。(long) 【答案】It is incredible that she looks weak, but is actually a girl longing for adventures. 【详解】考查固定句型、动词短语、非谓语动词和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，该句应为It is incredible that…“难以置信的是”的固定句型，表示“看似柔弱”应为动词短语looks weak；表示“却，但是”为连词but连接的并列句，表示“一个女孩”为名词a girl；后接非谓语动词作后置定语修饰a girl，a girl和动词短语表示“渴望”的long for为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式，表示“探险”为名词adventures；结合句意可知，该句应为一般现在时。故翻译为：It is incredible that she looks weak, but is actually a girl longing for adventures. 40．（2024·上海虹口·二模）随着人们的生活回归正轨，工作节奏加快，一些宠物被遗弃街头无家可归。(As) 【答案】As people’s lives returned to normal and the pace of work sped up, some pets were left homeless on the streets. 【详解】考查状语从句、动词的时态和语态。表示“回归正轨”应用短语return to normal；表示“节奏”应用名词pace；表示“加快”应用动词短语speed up；表示“无家可归”应用形容词homeless；表示“被遗弃街头无家可归”应用be left homeless on the streets；表示“随着……”应用as引导时间状语从句。由句意可知，本句应用一般过去时态描述过去的动作。故翻译为：As people’s lives returned to normal and the pace of work sped up, some pets were left homeless on the streets. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$