核心语法知识夯基06 动词与动词短语（精讲精练）-2025届高三英语一轮复习闯关攻略

动词和动词短语(讲义) 目录 一 动词的分类 二 动词词义辨析 三 易混动词归纳对比 四 常见的高频动词短语总结 五 易错点纠错练 六 高考模拟试题 动词和动词短语是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词,在历年高考题中所占比例最大,设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中,考纲要求在复习备考中要掌握以下几个方面: 1.动词的词义;2.动词搭配;3.动词短语;4.及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法;5.常用动词的用法;6.熟记16个高频动词构成的短语用法(break, bring, call, come, cut, give, go, get, hold, look, make, put, set, take, turn, set(改为send)等) 动词的分类 根据意义和句法作用,英语动词可分为四类: 1.行为动词(实义动词) ①及物动词 (带宾语):study, develop; ②不及物动词(不带宾语)work, swim, go, come ③状态动词(相对静止)contain, exist, own, prefer, belong ④动作动词 延续性(work, stay);非延续性(marry, go, come) 2.系动词 ①表示人或事物的特征和状态:be, feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound ②表示状态的变化:turn, go, become, get, fall, grow ③表示某种状态的延续或持续:remain, keep, stay 3.助动词(与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语): be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall 4.情态动词:can(could),may(might),must,shall(should) 动词词义辨析 动词是是各类考试的重点,高考试题中,单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中,动词辨义的比重较大,并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指: 1.形状相同的动词之间辨义。如:lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。 2.意义相近的动词之间辨义。如:borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。 3.动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如:advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。 4.意义不同,但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如:explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。 5.某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如:ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。 6.某些常用动词短语的辨义。如:give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。 易混动词归纳对比 1.lay(放), lie(躺)与lie(说谎):这三个易混动词构成见下表: 2.rise和raise:rise是不及物动词,其过去式是rose,过去分词是risen,而raise是及物动词,是规则动词。 3.hear与listen to:hear侧重点是听到,听见什么,而listen to是侧重于听的倾向,但hear用于无意中的听见,而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。 4.see, watch和look:see用作看电影,剧目;watch则用作看电视比赛,而watch还有在旁观看之意。如:Are you going to play or only watch?;look一般用作不及物动词,只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词,如:The little boy looked me in the face.(小男孩直盯着我的脸。) 5.wind和wound:wind意为蜿蜒而行,其过去式与过去分词都是wound,而动词原形wound意为伤害,其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。 6.hang的用法:hang有两个意思:一为悬挂,是不规则动词,过去式、过去分词都是hung;二为绞刑,是规则动词,其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。 7.bear的过去分词born与borne:bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born,borne。只有当be+born…短语后没有by介词短语时,才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne。如:She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲,则一律用borne。 8.sit与seat:seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲,sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如:They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair. 9.borrow, lend与keep:借入英文中用borrow,借出用lend,但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词,不能用于长时间的动作,所以我能借多久应用keep. 10.win与beat:win作胜、赢讲时其后应接,a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet,但不能接人,如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已说服他了,我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲,直接接人、队。 11.steal与rob:steal为偷。rob为抢,其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地,而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。 12.fit与suit:fit与suit均可作合适讲,但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适,而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。 13.take, bring 与fetch:英文中拿三个词,即拿来,拿去,去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来,带来是bring,拿去带走是take,而去取回来是fetch。 14.shut与close:shut与close有时是可以互换的,但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close,而在命令,态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shut your mouth!(闭嘴);又如:Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合,则要用close。 15.answer与reply:作为回答讲answer是及物动词,如作不及物动词,则意义不同,如answer for,意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词,后跟宾语时,要加上to。 16.reach,arrive与get to:reach当到达讲是及物动词,而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲,则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive(at/in)。 17.cost,spend与take:英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take,但各有不同用法。cost作 “花费”讲,主语不能是人,而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花费讲时,可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it,如It takes me three hours to finish this work。 18.lost, gone与missing:作补足语时意为丢失、不见了,可以用lost, gone,但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing。 19.have on, wear, put on及dress:作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on与wear作穿着状态讲;但have on不用进行时态,而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作,但dress既可用作状态,又可用作穿衣动作,但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时,其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词,如:I dress my children in the morning every day. 20.begin与start:begin与Start 均可作开始讲,并无多少区别,同样可接不定式或动名词,但在下面的场合多要用Start:1)机器的开动发动;2)旅途的开始。如:we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。 21.allow 与permit:allow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词,如接人后再接动词则要用不定式,所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如:People are not allowed to spit. 22.find与found:find找到的过去式和过去分词都是found,而found是动词“建立”的原形,其过去式和过去分词是founded,founded,如:The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 23.speak, say, talk 与tell:英文中讲有4个词,speak, say, talk, tell,但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词,但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词,如:Please speak English。而say与tell是及物动词,其中tell常用作接双宾语,如:Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法,如:在作讲实话,讲谎言,表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词,如:My watch was broken. It couldn’t tell time correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said …。在作辨别不同讲时是tell,如:Can you tell me the difference between the two?而讲别人好坏话时用speak,如:The father always speaks well of his son。 24.excuse me 与sorry:excuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语,而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。 25.care for 与care to do:care for其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词,如:Would you care for a cup of tea?但care for作照顾讲时与look after相同。 26.与名词易混的动词有:advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.); 27.意义相近的动词:ring摇铃,打铃,电话铃响,strike专指敲钟,打几点,撞击;suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议,advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告;look由视觉得出的印象,seem暗示一定根据的判定,appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此;stay停留,逗留,remain遗物,某物被取走一部分后剩余部分;discover(发现)找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西,invent(发明)研制出不存在的东西;remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事,remind提醒某人做某事。 28.动词 + 副词 + 介词:catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with … 29.动词 + 介词to的词组有:come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to … 30.与in相结合的动词有:give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in … 动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词,不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点: 1.根据动词短语的不同特点,掌握其运用规律。 (I)动词+副词(不及物) Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚会后,人们都已离去,哈里出现了。 (2)动词+副词(及物) Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。 注意:①如果宾语较长,就应避免把副词同动词分开。如:She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间。如:She gave them away. 她送掉了它们。 (3)动词+介词(及物) I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。 注意:①当它跟宾语时,不能把介词放在宾语后面。②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如:She's got more work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。 (4)动词+副词+介词 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。 注:“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”,这三种搭配都是及物的,如变成被动语态,不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来,粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。 2.熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。 (1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时,意义上的差异。如:①hear from收到…的来信,hear of听说。 ②look after照料,look at看,look for寻找。 (2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时,意义上的差异。如:①ring back回电话, ring off挂断电话, ring up打电话 ②put away放好, put on穿,上演, put up挂起,举起。 (3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时,在意义上的差异。如:look for寻找, call for去取(某物),去接(某人), ask for请求, wait for等候, send for派人去叫。 (4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时,在意义上的差异。如:①break out发生,爆炸, carry out进行,开展, go out熄灭, hand out分发, let out放出, look out当心, sell out卖完, set out出发, take out取出, work out算出。②break down出毛病, come down落下来, get down下车, take down取下, write down写下。 常见的高频动词短语总结 1 break break away 摆脱;逃跑 break down (机器)出故障;中断;分解 break into 闯入;打断;突然中断 break off 中断;折断;突然停止 break out 突然发生;爆发 break through 突破;克服;挣脱而出 break up 打碎;中断;分解 break in 破门而入;打断(谈话);插嘴 2 bring bring about 引起;造成 bring down 使倒下;使下降;使受挫折 bring forward 提出;提前(=put forward) bring into operation实施;使生效 bring out 显示出来;出版;生产 bring up 提出;教育;培养;吐出 bring back 把-送回;使想起;恢复 bring in 引进;挣得 3 call call for 需要;要求;邀请 call off 取消;停止 call on 拜访;看望;号召 call up 打电话;使人想起;召集 call at 访问 call in 请来;召集 call back 回电话;召回 4 come come about 发生 come across 偶遇;碰到;讲清楚 come along 进展;成功;一道走 come into effect 生效 come off 发生;举行;成功 come on 快点;走吧;有进展 come out 出来;结果是出版 come round/around再现;恢复知觉;改变看法 come through 经历;获得成功 come to 苏醒;达到;总数为 come up 发生;走上前去;(时间)快到 come up to 达到(高度、程度);符合 come up against 碰到(困难) come up with 赶上;提出 come back 回来;反驳 come true 变为现实 5 cut cut across 绕劲道穿过;超越;遮住 cut back 削减;终止;急忙返回 cut down 削减;减少 cut in 插嘴;打断;突然出来 cut off 切断;中断;隔绝 cut out 删掉;戒掉 cut short 中断;打断;缩短 6 carry carry on 继续;坚持 carry out 执行;实施 carry through 帮助度过难关;完成;实现 7 die die away 渐弱 die down 熄灭;平静下来 die of 因-(病)死亡 die from 因-(外部原因)死亡 die out 灭绝;绝种 be dying to do sth. 迫切想做某事 8 give give away 赠送;颁发;泄露;告发;失去 give out 分发;公布;公开;用完(vi);耗尽(vi) give off 发出;放出 give up 放弃;自首;将-交给某人(to sb.);对某人不报希望(on sb.) give in 屈服;投降;让步;上交;呈交 9 go go along 进展;陪同前往 go by 时间过去;经过;遵守 go down 下降;下沉;下跌 go for 去;选择;想要;攻击(用语言) go in for 从事;爱好;参加(选拔赛、考试等) go into 研究;调查,从事 go off 离开;爆炸;食品变坏;断电;熄灭;(与副词连用或用于疑问句)进行;发生 go on 继续进行;发生;上场 go out 离开;熄灭;过时 go over 浏览;仔细查看;检查;审查 go through 通过;经历(苦难);仔细检查 go up 上升;增长;涨价 10 get get through 浏览;翻阅;经历困难(痛苦);做完某事 get in 收割;收获;收集;购买;买进;插话 get over 克服;战胜;熬过;做完;结束;走完 get on 继续;进行;上车 get round 传播;散播;说服某人;回避;避开 get about 四处走动;传开 get across 传达;使-让人理解 get along/on (with) 进展;相处 get down 记下;下来;下车;使-人忧愁 get down to(介词) 开始认真干 get back 恢复;回来;收回 get out 泄露;逃离 get tighter 聚会;收集 11 hold hold back 阻碍;阻止;控制;抑制;隐瞒;保留;犹豫不决 hold up 举起;抬起;拿起;支撑;耽搁;使停顿;拦劫;抢劫;举出,提出 hold out 维持;坚持;伸出;拿出 hold off 拖延;延迟 12 keep keep away(from) 使远离 keep back 扣除,保留;隐瞒 keep off 避开;不接近 keep on 继续 keep out 挡在外边;(警示语)请勿靠近 keep up 保持,不低落;持续,继续 keep up with 跟上 13 look look after 照顾;关心 look out 看;当心;查阅;观察 look back 回头看;回顾 look down on/upon轻视;看不起 look for 寻找;寻求;期望 look forward to 盼望;期待 look in 顺便看望;顺便拜访 look into 调查,深入了解 look on 观看; 旁观 look over 翻阅;浏览 look through 浏览;详细调查 look up 查阅;查出 14 make make for 向-前进,快速走向 make out 理解,领悟;辨认出,写出 make up 组成,占-比例;弥补,补偿;捏造 make up for 弥补,补偿 make up of 由-组成;包含有 15 pick pick out 挑出;分辨出;区别出 pick up 拿起;捡起;收拾;偶然获得,学会,接收(节目);(开车)去接;(顺便)捎带 16 put put across 解释清楚;使人接受 put aside 放在一边;储存;保留 put away 放好;收好 put down 写下;记下;镇压 put forward 提出;推荐;把-提前 put in 伸进;提出;提交;申请,请求 put in for 申请;正式要求 put off 延期;推迟;关掉;阻止,妨碍 put on 穿上;戴上;上演;增加(体重) put out 熄灭;关灯;生产出,出版 put up 举起;修建;提供 put up with 忍受;容忍 put through (把电话)接通;做完;向—传达,提出(to sb.);使经受—的考验 17 send send away 送走;解雇 send for 派人去请 send out 发送;长出;发出(光、信号等) send up 上升;发射 18 set set about 开始做,着手 set apart 使分离;使显得突出 set aside 留出;拨出 set back 推迟,阻碍;使花费 set down 记下,写下 set off 动身出发;引起;使爆炸(cause to explode) set out 动身出发;引起;表示“着手做”时后跟动词不定式 set up 建立;创立;引起 19 take take after 与-相似 take apart 拆卸(机器) take away 拿走;时离开;消除(病痛等) take down 记下来;拆掉 take for (错)当作;(误)认为 take in 吸收;接受;领会;欺骗 take off 起飞;匆匆离去;脱下 take on 呈现;采纳;承担,从事 take one’s time 不要着急,慢慢地做 take over 接收,接管,取代 take to 喜欢;养成-的习惯 take up 占据,占(时间、空间);开始从事 20 turn turn down 关小,调低,拒绝 turn off 关上/掉;转向;(使某人感到厌烦) turn out 关(灯);制造;结果是;原来是;培养 turn over (使)翻转/身;移交;周转;仔细考虑 turn to 求助于;(使)转向;(把注意力等)转向;翻书到 turn up 开大;被发现,被找到;到达;露面 易错点纠错练 1.Now my time is almost up. In a few days, someone else will arrive to _, and the tireless work of MSF members around the world will go on. A.step into my shoes B.pull my weight C.take my breath D.come to my aid 2.When you are faced with obstacles in Senior 3, try not to let discouraging thoughts _. Be optimistic and trust yourself, and you’ll make it. A.take over B.take up C.take on D.take in 3.We can _the options and try to come to a decision. A.make up B.set up C.weigh up D.cut up 4.We are determined that our teacher training programs should _ current developments in the field of education. A.catch sight of B.make room for C.take pride in D.keep pace with 5.She told us to _. A.seat B.sit at C.sit D.sit down 6.Will you please help me _? A.open the door B.turn on the door C.opened the door D.to turn on the door 7.With the money his uncle had left to him, Jack decided to _ his own business. A.set up B.set off C.make up D.take up 8.They decided to _ their old furniture to charity. A.give away B.hang on C.hand down D.get down 9.Every customer coming here must do the warm-up exercise before _ swimming. That’s our regulation. A.catching up with B.getting on with C.getting down to D.putting up with 10._ was once predicted by a famous scientist, in another twenty years, AI robots would completely _ humans as workers. A.It; take place of B.As; take the place of C.It; in the place of D.As; in place of 11.—China has made great achievements in many fields over the past thirty years. —Yes, we all this great progress. A.take up B.take off C.take pride in D.take care of 12.The investigation shows that too much love can make boys less independent, weaker and less able to_ frustration. A.switch on B.cope with C.hold up D.in search of 13.—What do you_ your new life in your new house? —It’s comfortable and convenient, especially for the children to go to school. It’s only five-minute walk. A.think over B.think on C.think of D.think out 14.—Why don’t you _ smoking? It’s very harmful. —I tried many times, but it’s really hard. A.give up B.put up C.ring up D.pick up 15.Work hard and practise more, and your effort will _. A.pay off B.give way C.carry on D.burst onto 16.I wish to _ the meeting as quickly as possible, for I have other things to attend to. A.wind up B.turn up C.burn up D.look up 17.—Are you kidding? I can’t believe it! —I’m not_ a story. It really happened! A.making up B.dressing up C.taking up D.putting up 18.She broke_when she heard the news, but quickly recovered. A.down B.up C.away D.through 19.You shouldn’t that I take care of your pet dog. A.take it easy B.take it for granted C.take it seriously D.take your time 20.He _ and invested in a small company. As a consequence, he lost a fortune in the end. A.jumped in with both feet B.played safe C.had a frog in his throat D.wound up 21.If you don’t find a job soon, you may _ begging on the streets. A.wind up B.dry up C.pack up D.set up 22.We are running a flower shop, and females _ the vast majority of our customers. A.account for B.kick off C.give rise to D.take in 23.I was pleased, of course —adoptions were always what _ my soul —but I chalked it up to a lucky break for one black kitten. A.snuggled B.throbbed C.highlighted D.nourished 24.Ken ran over, assessed the situation, and _ his shirt and shoes. Jumping in, he dove under and tried to reach Spica through the larger of the openings. A.fought off B.switched off C.whipped off D.gave off 25.It is thought to be a wise way to have some money _ for old age. A.put aside B.taken off C.given in D.set out 26.After two years of travelling and always having endless business to _, I kind of lost my passion for the job. A.attend to B.apply for C.withdraw from D.test out 27.Some of these non-native fish escaped into other waterways. They can bully ecosystems, quickly _. A.switching off B.taking over C.bouncing around D.turning up 28.She _ on the decision for a long time before she finally made up her mind. A.deliberated B.fed C.carried D.brought 29.Crowds of people _ to watch the charity of performance last night. A.worked out B.turned out C.made out D.reached out 30.The doctor _ me to spend several days at the seaside, so that I’ll _ soon. A.considered; catch up B.hoped; bring up C.suggested; take up D.recommended; pick up 31.Leave the boy _; he can make up his own mind. A.alone B.for C.aside D.out 32.Regular exercise can_to your health. A.make up B.make sense C.make mistake D.make a difference 33.Spending too much time online makes it very difficult to _ other things in life. A.rely on B.focus on C.depend on D.base on 34.For nearly a whole year the people didn’t _ food any more, for the food was so delicious and nutritious. A.talk about B.complain about C.talk with D.complain to 35.Right now, you needn’t go to school to learn knowledge, you can stay at home to learn by _. A.reading a book B.distance learning C.watching TV D.playing games 36.But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to _ other things in life. A.be attracted to B.graduate from C.sign up for D.focus on 37.——Ricky, why hasn’t Billy been with us these days ? ——Oh, he is _ for next month’s 400-meter race. A.standing out B.taking up C.backing out D.working out 38.He_ the workers to fight for their rights . A.called for B.called in C.called on D.called off 39.Working with the medical team in Africa did _ the best in her as a doctor. A.work out B.bring out C.make out D.give out 40.Approximately one million people left their homes and travelled westwards to in the Gold Rush. A.throw the baby out with the bathwater B.seek their fortune C.put them under pressure D.comment on 41.Business negotiation may not necessarily be a game in which one loses if the other wins; we should _a win-win result. A.take away B.make for C.take in D.strive for 42.The witness told the police everything he had seen, being careful not to _ any details. A.give out B.leave out C.take out D.figure out 43.Since keeping positive is beneficial to the progress of our work and study, we should struggle not to let negative ideas _. A.take off B.take over C.take in D.take on 44.If you _ any problem when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring. A.come up with B.set about C.come across D.put aside 45.I went home and _ my schoolbag and started to help Mother do the cooking. A.put off B.dropped off C.turned off D.shut off 46.It’s time you _the fact that it’s a dangerous world out there. Be brave and optimistic. A.put up with B.woke up to C.took the place of D.looked down upon 47.The athlete’s years of hard training _when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. A.picked out B.paid off C.got through D.ended up 48.On the 70th birthday of the PRC, many policemen and policewomen were called out to _. A.take action B.keep order C.make sense D.watch out 49.These teenagers don’t know much of the world yet; that’s why they are so easily _. A.taken in B.taken over C.taken after D.taken off 50.We’ll meet again in the morning and we can _ where we left off. A.pick up B.put down C.take in D.cut off 51.Hearing the injured soldier was saved, I _ a sign of relief. A.left out B.let out C.gave out D.put out 52.I don’t agree with your application for the summer job, which will probably _ your studies. A.interfere with B.argue with C.cooperate with D.react with 53.Einstein finally _ Hans’ plan that Hans took his place and gave the lecture in that distant university. A.agreed with B.agreed to C.agreed on D.agreed for 54.It is believed that the construction of a highway will _ the growth of the suburbs. A.increase to B.contribute to C.keep to D.take to 55.It’s difficult to _ a global population of polar bears because much of their range has been poorly studied. A.put out B.figure out C.come out D.turn out 56.It is pleasant to _ a small talk in the lift. A.cut off B.put off C.take off D.set off 57.Jasper has_ “No Parking” signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. A.put on B.put down C.put out D.put up 58.His early experience enabled him to_ barriers between Scottish Catholics and Protestants. A.break out B.break up C.break in D.break down 59.I was _ when Kenny wanted me to take care of his dog for a few days. I hate dogs. A.brought under control B.set in motion C.taken into account D.put on the spot 60.Our ancestors enjoyed the healing power of nature, and now scientists are starting to _. A.hold back B.move on C.catch up D.get across 61.In spring all kinds of flowers_ their sweet smell. A.give up B.give in C.give out D.give off 62.China is working hard to_the full potential of higher education and will move faster to build world-class universities. A.take in B.set aside C.bring out D.give away 63.Though the young girl earns less than 2000 dollars a month, she still _ some money every month for special goals. A.hands out B.takes on C.sets aside D.watches over 64.Sun Yiwen was apparently when she won the third Olympic medal of her career by winning women’s individual epee (重剑) gold at Tokyo 2020 on July 24. A.throwing in the towel B.scoring an own goal C.walking on air D.letting off steam 65.This is called the hedonic treadmill(快乐水车), in which satisfaction _almost immediately and we must run on to the next reward to avoid the feeling of falling behind. A.wears off B.shows off C.drops out D.misses out 66.Liu Yu’s parents think running can_his schoolwork. A.get in the way of B.be proud of C.fall in love with D.be responsible for 67.It’s important to show support for one another as we _ these difficult times. A.go through B.go over C.get along with D.set down 68.Cooking together gives us a chance to relax and_on each other’s days. A.weigh up B.pass up C.pick up D.catch up 69.Despite the extreme condition, Deng Jiaxian refused to_from his responsibility and kept on conducting scientific research. A.cut down B.back down C.put down D.turn down 70.All theories _practice and in turn service practice. A.originate from B.date from C.learn from D.differ from 71.There are successful examples of cancer patients who have _ because of proper treatment. A.pulled through B.died out C.given up D.got through 72.The tanker, which was full of petrol, _ and gave off heavy and dark flames the moment a truck knocked into it. A.blew up B.put up C.turned up D.brought up 73.A good neighbour is also one who likes to _ in small ways. A.make out B.put out C.help out D.look out 74.Peacock Dance by Yang Liping comes from a traditional belief that it aims to_the Dai women’s beauty. A.bring out B.show off C.pass down D.turn up 75.Faced with a declining population and workforce, Japan has been increasingly _ robots for help. A.turning to B.putting away C.taking up D.holding back 76.A very popular thing to do on Boxing Day is to go shopping and _ the sales. A.keep pace with B.take advantage of C.look forward to D.throw a light on 77.—The soup needs a bit of flavor. —I know, some tomato juice should . A.set in motion B.carry on C.do the trick D.go wild 78.I’m sorry I broke your vase I’ll_it. A.run out of B.make up for C.lose track of D.pass down 79.Many scientists _ the idea that it is human beings’ activities that have resulted in global warming. A.look forward to B.subscribe to C.participate in D.get involved in 80.People with strong immune systems are better able to _ infection. A.fight off B.deal with C.make up D.rest on 高考模拟试题 一、单项选择 1.(2024 湖南株洲 模拟预测)My bag is red, my sister’s red,too. A.and;is B.but;is C.and;isn’t D.but;isn’t 2.(2024黑龙江哈尔滨 二模)Going to the dentist's _ not necessarily have to be _ awful experience. A.do; an B.does; the C.do; / D.does; an 3.(2024 天津南开 一模)That kind of ice-cream _like a mixture of banana and strawberry is delicious. A.tasted B.tastes C.tasting D.being tasted 4.(2024 江苏徐州 三模)Old as my car is, it is in good condition and _ well, even on rough roads. A.handles B.is handled C.has been handled D.will handle 5.(2024 浙江 杭州一模)Childhood memories _ the new gardener that she has a little nature knowledge after all. A.suggest B.remind C.command D.demand 6.(2024 浙江台州 一模)Great changes _ in my hometown and a lot of factories _. A.have been taken place , are being set up B.have taken place , have been set up C.are taken place , had been set up D.had taken place , will be set up 二、翻译 7.(2024 上海嘉定 一模)小张进电梯时把脚踝给崴了,现在医生正在给她缠绷带。(have) 8.(2024 上海长宁 二模)想到睡在帐篷的硬地上,野营就没那么诱人了。(thought) 9.(2024 上海嘉定 二模)听到他安然无恙的消息,我们都如释重负。(relief) 10.(2024 上海杨浦 二模)在等待测试结果的时候,居民们都如坐针毡。(seem) 11.(2024 上海金山 二模)如今人们担心的不再是如何填饱肚子,而是如何防止发胖。(not... but...) 12.(2024 上海金山 二模)究竟是什么驱使人类不断地探索外太空?(on earth) 13.(2024 上海奉贤 二模)那位作家把书房看作是私人领域和精神家园,在那里,他可以坐拥书籍之乐,将尘世烦恼抛诸脑 后。(leave) 14.(2024 上海青浦 二模)正是她那种急于求成的心态让她无缘决赛。(It) (2024 上海杨浦 二模) 15. 弘扬中华民族的美德,并不意味着我们不需要与时俱进。(mean) 16.出于安全考虑,任何账户的密码都应该包括字母、数字和符号。(concern) 17.尽管最后期限延长了一个月,研究团队仍需调整策略,以便如期完成项目。(so that) 18.很多医生表情严肃说着难懂的术语,但张医生是个例外,他做事脚踏实地,话语浅显幽默,赢得了公众的认可。(whose) 试卷第1页,共3页 试卷第1页,共3页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 动词和动词短语（讲义） 目录 一 动词的分类 二 动词词义辨析 三 易混动词归纳对比 四 常见的高频动词短语总结 五 易错点纠错练 六 高考模拟试题 动词和动词短语是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词，在历年高考题中所占比例最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中，考纲要求在复习备考中要掌握以下几个方面: 1.动词的词义；2.动词搭配；3.动词短语；4.及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法；5.常用动词的用法；6.熟记16个高频动词构成的短语用法（break, bring, call, come, cut, give, go, get, hold, look, make, put, set, take, turn, set（改为send）等） 动词的分类 根据意义和句法作用，英语动词可分为四类： 1.行为动词（实义动词） ①及物动词  （带宾语）：study, develop; ②不及物动词（不带宾语）work, swim, go, come ③状态动词（相对静止）contain, exist, own, prefer, belong ④动作动词   延续性（work, stay）；非延续性（marry, go, come） 2.系动词 ①表示人或事物的特征和状态：be, feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound ②表示状态的变化：turn, go, become, get, fall, grow ③表示某种状态的延续或持续：remain, keep, stay 3.助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语）： be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall 4.情态动词：can(could),may(might),must,shall(should) 动词词义辨析 动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指： 1.形状相同的动词之间辨义。如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。 2.意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。 3.动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。 4.意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如：explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。 5.某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。 6.某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。 易混动词归纳对比 1.lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表： 2.rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。 3.hear与listen to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。 4.see, watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：The little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。） 5.wind和wound：wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是wound，而动词原形wound意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。 6.hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。 7.bear的过去分词born与borne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born，borne。只有当be+born…短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne。如：She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲，则一律用borne。 8.sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair. 9.borrow, lend与keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep. 10.win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。 11.steal与rob：steal为偷。rob为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。 12.fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。 13.take, bring 与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。 14.shut与close：shut与close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close，而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shut your mouth!(闭嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合，则要用close。 15.answer与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answer for，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上to。 16.reach，arrive与get to：reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive(at/in)。 17.cost，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost作 “花费”讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it，如It takes me three hours to finish this work。 18.lost, gone与missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用lost, gone，但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing。 19.have on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on与wear作穿着状态讲;但have on不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：I dress my children in the morning every day. 20.begin与start：begin与Start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用Start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如:we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。 21.allow 与permit：allow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit. 22.find与found：find找到的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词是founded，founded，如：The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 23.speak, say, talk 与tell：英文中讲有4个词，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：Please speak English。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用作接双宾语，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：My watch was broken. It couldn’t tell time correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said …。在作辨别不同讲时是tell，如：Can you tell me the difference between the two？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如：The father always speaks well of his son。 24.excuse me 与sorry：excuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。 25.care for 与care to do：care for其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词，如：Would you care for a cup of tea？但care for作照顾讲时与look after相同。 26.与名词易混的动词有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.); 27.意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，strike专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；look由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示一定根据的判定，appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（发现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不存在的东西；remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。 28.动词 + 副词 + 介词：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with … 29.动词 + 介词to的词组有：come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to … 30.与in相结合的动词有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in … 动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点： 1.根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。 (I)动词+副词(不及物) Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。 (2)动词+副词(及物) Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。 注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。如：She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。如：She gave them away. 她送掉了它们。 (3)动词+介词(及物) I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。 注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如：She's got more work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。 (4)动词+副词+介词 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。 注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。 2.熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。 (1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①hear from收到…的来信，hear of听说。 ②look after照料，look at看，look for寻找。 (2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①ring back回电话, ring off挂断电话, ring up打电话 ②put away放好, put on穿，上演, put up挂起，举起。 (3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：look for寻找, call for去取(某物)，去接(某人), ask for请求, wait for等候, send for派人去叫。 (4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：①break out发生，爆炸, carry out进行，开展, go out熄灭, hand out分发, let out放出, look out当心, sell out卖完, set out出发, take out取出, work out算出。②break down出毛病, come down落下来, get down下车, take down取下, write down写下。 常见的高频动词短语总结 1 break break away        摆脱；逃跑 break down       （机器）出故障；中断；分解 break into         闯入；打断；突然中断 break off          中断；折断；突然停止 break out          突然发生；爆发 break through      突破；克服；挣脱而出 break up          打碎；中断；分解 break in           破门而入；打断（谈话）；插嘴 2 bring bring about        引起；造成 bring down        使倒下；使下降；使受挫折 bring forward      提出；提前（=put forward） bring into operation实施；使生效 bring out          显示出来；出版；生产 bring up           提出；教育；培养；吐出 bring back         把---送回；使想起；恢复 bring in           引进；挣得 3 call call for            需要；要求；邀请 call off            取消；停止 call on            拜访；看望；号召 call up            打电话；使人想起；召集 call at             访问 call in            请来；召集 call back          回电话；召回 4 come come about        发生 come across       偶遇；碰到；讲清楚 come along        进展；成功；一道走 come into effect    生效 come off          发生；举行；成功 come on          快点；走吧；有进展 come out          出来；结果是出版 come round/around再现；恢复知觉；改变看法 come through      经历；获得成功 come to           苏醒；达到；总数为 come up          发生；走上前去;(时间)快到 come up to        达到（高度、程度）；符合 come up against    碰到（困难） come up with      赶上；提出 come back         回来；反驳 come true         变为现实 5 cut cut across         绕劲道穿过；超越；遮住 cut back           削减；终止；急忙返回 cut down          削减；减少 cut in             插嘴；打断；突然出来 cut off            切断；中断；隔绝 cut out            删掉；戒掉 cut short          中断；打断；缩短 6 carry carry on          继续；坚持 carry out         执行；实施 carry through     帮助度过难关；完成；实现 7 die die away         渐弱 die down         熄灭；平静下来 die of            因----（病）死亡 die from         因----（外部原因）死亡 die out          灭绝；绝种 be dying to do sth. 迫切想做某事 8 give give away        赠送；颁发；泄露；告发；失去 give out          分发；公布；公开；用完（vi）;耗尽（vi） give off          发出；放出 give up          放弃；自首；将-----交给某人（to sb.）;对某人不报希望（on sb.） give in           屈服；投降；让步；上交；呈交 9 go go along         进展；陪同前往 go by            时间过去；经过；遵守 go down         下降；下沉；下跌 go for           去；选择；想要；攻击（用语言） go in for         从事；爱好；参加（选拔赛、考试等） go into           研究；调查，从事 go off            离开；爆炸；食品变坏；断电；熄灭；（与副词连用或用于疑问句）进行；发生 go on            继续进行；发生；上场 go out           离开；熄灭；过时 go over          浏览；仔细查看；检查；审查 go through       通过；经历（苦难）；仔细检查 go up            上升；增长；涨价 10 get get through      浏览；翻阅；经历困难（痛苦）；做完某事 get in            收割；收获；收集；购买；买进；插话 get over         克服；战胜；熬过；做完；结束；走完 get on           继续；进行；上车 get round        传播；散播；说服某人；回避；避开 get about        四处走动；传开 get across        传达；使---让人理解 get along/on (with) 进展；相处 get down         记下；下来；下车；使---人忧愁 get down to(介词) 开始认真干 get back         恢复；回来；收回 get out          泄露；逃离 get tighter       聚会；收集 11 hold hold back        阻碍；阻止；控制；抑制；隐瞒；保留；犹豫不决 hold up          举起；抬起；拿起；支撑；耽搁；使停顿；拦劫；抢劫；举出，提出 hold out         维持；坚持；伸出；拿出 hold off          拖延；延迟 12 keep keep away(from)  使远离 keep back       扣除，保留；隐瞒 keep off         避开；不接近 keep on         继续 keep out        挡在外边；（警示语）请勿靠近 keep up         保持，不低落；持续，继续 keep up with     跟上 13 look look after        照顾；关心 look out         看；当心；查阅；观察 look back        回头看；回顾 look down on/upon轻视；看不起 look for          寻找；寻求；期望 look forward to   盼望；期待 look in          顺便看望；顺便拜访 look into        调查，深入了解 look on         观看； 旁观 look over        翻阅；浏览 look through     浏览；详细调查 look up         查阅；查出 14 make make for        向----前进，快速走向 make out       理解，领悟；辨认出，写出 make up        组成，占----比例；弥补，补偿；捏造 make up for     弥补，补偿 make up of      由---组成；包含有 15 pick pick out        挑出；分辨出；区别出 pick up        拿起；捡起；收拾；偶然获得，学会，接收（节目）；（开车）去接；（顺便）捎带 16 put put across      解释清楚；使人接受 put aside       放在一边；储存；保留 put away       放好；收好 put down       写下；记下；镇压 put forward    提出；推荐；把---提前 put in         伸进；提出；提交；申请，请求 put in for      申请；正式要求 put off        延期；推迟；关掉；阻止，妨碍 put on         穿上；戴上；上演；增加（体重） put out        熄灭；关灯；生产出，出版 put up        举起；修建；提供 put up with    忍受；容忍 put through   （把电话）接通；做完；向—传达，提出（to sb.）；使经受—的考验 17 send send away     送走；解雇 send for       派人去请 send out       发送；长出；发出（光、信号等） send up       上升；发射 18 set set about      开始做，着手 set apart      使分离；使显得突出 set aside       留出；拨出 set back       推迟，阻碍；使花费 set down      记下，写下 set off         动身出发；引起；使爆炸（cause to explode） set out        动身出发；引起;表示“着手做”时后跟动词不定式 set up         建立；创立；引起 19 take take after      与----相似 take apart     拆卸（机器） take away     拿走；时离开；消除（病痛等） take down     记下来；拆掉 take for      （错）当作；（误）认为 take in        吸收；接受；领会；欺骗 take off       起飞；匆匆离去；脱下 take on       呈现；采纳；承担，从事 take one’s time 不要着急，慢慢地做 take over      接收，接管，取代 take to        喜欢；养成---的习惯 take up       占据，占（时间、空间）；开始从事 20 turn turn down    关小，调低，拒绝 turn off      关上/掉；转向；（使某人感到厌烦） turn out      关（灯）；制造；结果是；原来是；培养 turn over    （使）翻转/身；移交；周转；仔细考虑 turn to       求助于；（使）转向；（把注意力等）转向；翻书到 turn up      开大；被发现，被找到；到达；露面 易错点纠错练 1．Now my time is almost up. In a few days, someone else will arrive to _______, and the tireless work of MSF members around the world will go on. A．step into my shoes B．pull my weight C．take my breath D．come to my aid 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在我的时间快到了。再过几天，就会有其他人来接替我，世界各地无国界医生组织成员的不懈工作将继续下去。A. step into my shoes接替我的工作；B. pull my weight尽职责；C. take my breath夺走我的呼吸；D. come to my aid帮助某人。根据句中的my time is almost up和the tireless work of MSF members around the world will go on可知，我在这里工作的时间快结束了，但有其他人来继续工作，所以是有人来接替我。故选A。 2．When you are faced with obstacles in Senior 3, try not to let discouraging thoughts _______. Be optimistic and trust yourself, and you’ll make it. A．take over B．take up C．take on D．take in 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当你在高三遇到障碍时，尽量不要让沮丧的想法占据主导地位。乐观一点，相信自己，你会成功的。A. take over接管，控制，取代，占上风；B. take up占用（时间），占据（空间）；C. take on呈现；D. take in欺骗，理解，吸收。根据空前的let discouraging thoughts可知，这里指让沮丧的想法占上风。故选A。 3．We can ______the options and try to come to a decision. A．make up B．set up C．weigh up D．cut up 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们可以权衡各种选择，试着做出决定。A. make up化妆；B. set up建立；C. weigh up权衡；D. cut up切碎。根据下文“try to come to a decision(试着做出决定)”可知，空白处应填表示“权衡”含义的动词短语。故选C项。 4．We are determined that our teacher training programs should ________ current developments in the field of education. A．catch sight of B．make room for C．take pride in D．keep pace with 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们决心我们的教师培训计划应该跟上当前教育领域的发展。A. catch sight of看见；B. make room for为……腾出空间；C. take pride in以……为骄傲；D. keep pace with与……保持同步；跟上……。由上文“our teacher training programs should”和下文“current developments in the field of education.”可知，教师培训计划应该跟上当前教育领域的发展，“跟上”为动词短语keep pace with，故选D。 5．She told us to ________. A．seat B．sit at C．sit D．sit down 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词（短语）词义辨析。句意：她告诉我们坐下。A. seat使坐下；B. sit at坐在……；C. sit坐；D. sit down坐下。seat是及物动词，后面需直接加宾语，sit是不及物动词，通常与介词in、on、at等连用，sit at表示“坐在……上”，后面需要加宾语，只有固定搭配，sit down(坐下)符合语法。故选D。 6．Will you please help me ________? A．open the door B．turn on the door C．opened the door D．to turn on the door 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词和动词短语辨析、非谓语动词。句意：你能帮我开门吗？turn on“打开（设备）”；open“打开”；door“门”。turn on一般用于打开“电视、收音机、灯、煤气”等设备，不与door搭配，故排除选项B和D。help sb. (to) do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，故本空用省略to的不定式，作宾补。故选A。 7．With the money his uncle had left to him, Jack decided to ______ his own business. A．set up B．set off C．make up D．take up 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：杰克决定用他叔叔留给他的钱创办自己的企业。A. set up建立，创办；B. set off出发，引爆；C. make up化妆，弥补；D. take up从事，占据。结合句意可知，此处应为“创办”符合语境，且位于不定式符号to之后，所以使用动词原形。故选A项。 8．They decided to ________ their old furniture to charity. A．give away B．hang on C．hand down D．get down 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们决定把旧家具捐给慈善机构。A. give away赠送；B. hang on坚持；C. hand down传给；D. get down咽下，写下。由charity以及句意可知，这里指把旧家具“赠送”给慈善机构。故选A项。 9．Every customer coming here must do the warm-up exercise before ________ swimming. That’s our regulation. A．catching up with B．getting on with C．getting down to D．putting up with 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：每个来这里的顾客在开始游泳前都必须做热身运动。这是我们的规定。A. catching up with 赶上；B. getting on with继续（干某事）；C. getting down to着手做；D. putting up with忍受。由swimming和句意可知，这里表示“开始着手”游泳前需要热身。故选C项。 10．________ was once predicted by a famous scientist, in another twenty years, AI robots would completely ________ humans as workers. A．It; take place of B．As; take the place of C．It; in the place of D．As; in place of 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句和动词短语。句意：正如一位著名科学家曾经预测的那样，再过二十年，人工智能机器人将完全取代人类成为工人。take place of (代替)，take the place of (代替，取代)，in the place of (在……地方)，in place of (代替)，第一空引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代后面的句子，在定语从句中作主语，表示“正如”应用as引导，排除A项和C项；第二空缺少谓语动词，in place of为介词短语，不能作谓语，排除D项。故选B。 11．—China has made great achievements in many fields over the past thirty years. —Yes, we all this great progress. A．take up B．take off C．take pride in D．take care of 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：—— 在过去的30年里，中国在许多领域取得了巨大的成就。—— 是的，我们都为这一巨大进步感到自豪。A. take up占据；B. take off起飞；C. take pride in为......感到骄傲；D. take care of照顾。由“China has made great achievements in many fields”可知，我们为中国取得的成就感到自豪，因此空格处是take pride in。故选C。 12．The investigation shows that too much love can make boys less independent, weaker and less able to______ frustration. A．switch on B．cope with C．hold up D．in search of 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语和介词短语辨析。句意：调查显示，过多的爱会让男孩变得不那么独立、软弱、无法应对挫折。A. switch on打开；B. cope with应对；C. hold up举起；D. in search of寻找。根据前后文“make boys less independent, weaker and less able to______ frustration.”可知，此处指应对挫折。故选B。 13．—What do you__________ your new life in your new house? —It’s comfortable and convenient, especially for the children to go to school. It’s only five-minute walk. A．think over B．think on C．think of D．think out 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——你觉得你在新房子里的新生活怎么样？——舒适方便，尤其是孩子们上学。走路只要五分钟。A. think over仔细考虑；B. think on思考；C. think of认为；D. think out想出。由“It’s comfortable and convenient”可知，第一个人是在问第二个人认为新生活怎么样，空格处意为“认为”。故选C。 14．—Why don’t you ________ smoking? It’s very harmful. —I tried many times, but it’s really hard. A．give up B．put up C．ring up D．pick up 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——你为什么不戒烟？吸烟有害健康。——我试了很多次，但真的很难。A. give up放弃；B. put up张贴；C. ring up电话响起；D. pick up捡起。根据后文“smoking? It’s very harmful.”指戒烟应用give up。故选A。 15．Work hard and practise more, and your effort will __________. A．pay off B．give way C．carry on D．burst onto 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：努力工作，多练习，你的努力会得到回报的。A. pay off得到回报；B. give way让步；C. carry on继续；D. burst onto突然出现。根据“Work hard and practise more,”可知，努力会得到回报。故选A。 16．I wish to ______ the meeting as quickly as possible, for I have other things to attend to. A．wind up B．turn up C．burn up D．look up 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我希望会议尽快结束，因为我还有别的事情要处理。A. wind up结束；B. turn up出现，露面，调高；C. burn up烧毁，消耗；D. look up查找，向上看。根据for I have other things to attend to可知，此处表达“会议尽快结束”的含义。故选A项。 17．—Are you kidding? I can’t believe it! —I’m not__________ a story. It really happened! A．making up B．dressing up C．taking up D．putting up 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——你开玩笑吧？我简直不敢相信！——我不是在编故事。事情真的发生了！A. making up编造；B. dressing up打扮；C. taking up占据；D. putting up搭建。由“It really happened”可知，句子表示“我不是在编造故事。事情真的发生了”，空格处意为“编造”，故选A。 18．She broke____________when she heard the news, but quickly recovered. A．down B．up C．away D．through 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她一听到这个消息就崩溃了，但很快就恢复了。A. break down崩溃；B. break up分手，解散； C. break away脱离；D. break through突破。由句意和when she heard the news可知，这里指她情绪“崩溃”了。故选A项。 19．You shouldn’t that I take care of your pet dog. A．take it easy B．take it for granted C．take it seriously D．take your time 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你不应该认为我照顾你的宠物狗是理所当然的。A. take it easy别急，沉住气；B.  take it for granted认为这理所当然；C.  take it seriously认真对待它；D.  take your time慢慢来。take it for granted that...意为“认为……理所当然”，其中it作形式宾语，that引导宾语从句。根据句中的that I take care of your pet dog可知，选B。 20．He ________ and invested in a small company. As a consequence, he lost a fortune in the end. A．jumped in with both feet B．played safe C．had a frog in his throat D．wound up 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他不加思索地匆匆投入并投资了一家小公司。结果，他最后赔了一大笔钱。A. jumped in with both feet不加思索地匆匆投入；B. played safe稳扎稳打；C. had a frog in his throat喉咙不舒服，嗓子哑了；D. wound up结束。根据句中“he lost a fortune in the end”可推知，他的投入和投资太过匆忙，没有经过沉思熟虑。用动词短语jump in with both feet，符合语境。故选A项。 21．If you don’t find a job soon, you may __________ begging on the streets. A．wind up B．dry up C．pack up D．set up 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你不尽快找到工作，你可能会最终沦落到沿街乞讨。A. wind up 以……告终；B. dry up干涸；C. pack up收拾行李；D. set up建立。结合“begging on the streets”可知，此处表示如果不快点找到工作，最终只能乞讨，wind up“以……告终”符合句意。故选A项。 22．We are running a flower shop, and females __________ the vast majority of our customers. A．account for B．kick off C．give rise to D．take in 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们开了一家花店，顾客中绝大多数是女性。A. account for占比，解释；B. kick off开始，踢开；C. give rise to引起，导致；D. take in理解。根据后文“the vast majority of our customers”此处指女性占顾客的多数，应用account for。故选A。 23．I was pleased, of course —adoptions were always what __________ my soul —but I chalked it up to a lucky break for one black kitten. A．snuggled B．throbbed C．highlighted D．nourished 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，我很高兴——收养一直是滋养我灵魂的东西——但我把它归结为一只黑猫的幸运。A. snuggled偎依；B. throbbed抽痛，悸动；C. highlighted突出，强调；D. nourished滋养。根据“I was pleased”和“but I chalked it up to a lucky break for one black kitten”可知，此处表示收养能滋养心灵。故选D。 24．Ken ran over, assessed the situation, and __________ his shirt and shoes. Jumping in, he dove under and tried to reach Spica through the larger of the openings. A．fought off B．switched off C．whipped off D．gave off 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：肯恩跑过来，评估了情况，然后脱掉了他的衬衫和鞋子。他跳进水里，潜入水中，试图从较大的洞口接近斯皮卡。A. fought off击退，抵御；B. switched off关闭；C. whipped off用迅速的动作取下某物；D. gave off散发，释放。根据空格后面的句子“他跳进水里，潜入水中，试图从较大的洞口接近斯皮卡。”可知，他跳进水里了，所以应该是脱下了衣服。故选C。 25．It is thought to be a wise way to have some money _________ for old age. A．put aside B．taken off C．given in D．set out 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：人们认为存一些钱以备晚年之需是明智的做法。A.put aside存储；B.taken off起飞；C.given in屈服；D.set out出发。根据“for old age”可知，此处是指存一些钱。故选A。 26．After two years of travelling and always having endless business to ________, I kind of lost my passion for the job. A．attend to B．apply for C．withdraw from D．test out 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：经过两年的旅行，总是有没完没了的事情要处理，我对这份工作失去了热情。A. attend to处理；B. apply for申请；C. withdraw from退出；D. test out考验。根据句中“endless business”可推知，有无数的事情要“处理”，用动词短语attend to，符合语境。故选A项。 27．Some of these non-native fish escaped into other waterways. They can bully ecosystems, quickly ________. A．switching off B．taking over C．bouncing around D．turning up 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些外来鱼类逃到了其他水道中。它们可能破坏生态系统，快速占据主导地位。A. switching off关闭； B. taking over接管，占上风； C.bouncing around蹦蹦跳跳；D.turning up 出场，出现。这里指的是这些外来鱼类可能会在其他水域中占据主导地位，破坏生态系统。take over意味着取得控制权或支配地位，与句子的语境相符合，故选B项。 28．She _________ on the decision for a long time before she finally made up her mind. A．deliberated B．fed C．carried D．brought 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她对这个决定考虑了很长时间才最终下定决心。A. deliberated on仔细考虑（某事）；B.fed on以……为食；C. carried on继续；D. brought on引起。由后文she finally made up her mind，可知，她是在“仔细思考”后做的决定。故选A项。 29．Crowds of people ________ to watch the charity of performance last night. A．worked out B．turned out C．made out D．reached out 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：昨晚，成群的人出席观看了慈善演出。A. worked out解决；B. turned out出席，到场；C. made out理解，辨认出；D. reached out伸出。结合句意可知空处表示“出席，参加”，故选B项。 30．The doctor __________ me to spend several days at the seaside, so that I’ll __________ soon. A．considered; catch up B．hoped; bring up C．suggested; take up D．recommended; pick up 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词和短语辨析。句意：医生建议我到海边去玩几天，这样我就会很快恢复健康。A. considered考虑； catch up赶上；B. hoped希望；bring up养育、提出；C. suggested建议；take up占据；D. recommended推荐；pick up恢复健康。分析句意可知，第一空格处表示医生“建议、推荐”我到海边玩，第二空格处表示我会很快“恢复健康”。故选D项。 31．Leave the boy _______; he can make up his own mind. A．alone B．for C．aside D．out 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：不要管那男孩；他能自己拿主意。A. leave alone不打扰；B. leave for离开；C. leave aside撇开；    D. leave out不包括或不提及某人或某事。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语leave sb alone“不打扰某人”，满足句意要求。故选A项。 32．Regular exercise can______to your health. A．make up B．make sense C．make mistake D．make a difference 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：有规律的锻炼对你的健康有很大的影响。A. make up编造；B. make sense说得通；C. make mistake犯错误；D. make a difference产生影响。根据句中的regular exercise可知，此处表示“对健康产生影响”。故选D。 33．Spending too much time online makes it very difficult to ______ other things in life. A．rely on B．focus on C．depend on D．base on 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：花太多时间上网会让你很难专注于生活中的其他事情。A. rely on依赖；B. focus on集中；C. depend on依赖；D. base on以……为基础。根据句意，此处表示“专注于其他事情”，用focus on。故选B。 34．For nearly a whole year the people didn’t ________ food any more, for the food was so delicious and nutritious. A．talk about B．complain about C．talk with D．complain to 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在将近一整年的时间里，人们不再抱怨食物，因为食物是如此美味和营养。A. talk about谈论；B. complain about抱怨（某事）；C. talk with与……交谈；D. complain to向……抱怨，向……投诉。根据后文“for the food was so delicious and nutritious”可知，人们不再抱怨食物了。故选B项。 35．Right now, you needn’t go to school to learn knowledge, you can stay at home to learn by ________. A．reading a book B．distance learning C．watching TV D．playing games 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在，你不必去学校学习知识，你可以待在家里远程学习。A. reading a book读书；B. distance learning远程学习，远程教育；C. watching TV看电视；D. playing games玩游戏。根据前文“you needn’t go to school to learn knowledge”可知，此处指在家远程学习。故选B项。 36．But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to _________ other things in life. A．be attracted to B．graduate from C．sign up for D．focus on 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但是在网上花太多时间是不健康的，这使得你很难集中精力在生活中的其他事情上。A. be attracted to被吸引；B. graduate from毕业于；C. sign up for报名参加；D. focus on专注于。根据句意可知空处表示“专注于”，故选D项。 37．——Ricky, why hasn’t Billy been with us these days ? ——Oh, he is _______ for next month’s 400-meter race. A．standing out B．taking up C．backing out D．working out 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——Ricky，为什么Billy这些天没和我们在一起？——哦，他正在为下个月的400米赛跑锻炼。A. standing out突出；B. taking up占据；C. backing out退出，不履行；D. working out锻炼。根据句意可知，句中表达了“锻炼”的意思。故选D项。 38．He________ the workers to fight for their rights . A．called for B．called in C．called on D．called off 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他号召工人们为自己的权利而战。A. called for要求；B. called in叫进，引入；C.called on号召；D. called off取消。结合语意可知，句子表示号召工人为权利而战，call on sb. to do sth.为固定短语，表示“号召某人做某事”。故选C。 39．Working with the medical team in Africa did ________ the best in her as a doctor. A．work out B．bring out C．make out D．give out 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在非洲与医疗团队一起工作确实激发了她作为一名医生的最佳能力。A. work out锻炼；B. bring out使显现；C. make out看出；D. give out发出。根据后文“the best in her as a doctor”可知，应是“使她作为一名医生的最佳能力显现出来”符合语境。故选B项。 40．Approximately one million people left their homes and travelled westwards to in the Gold Rush. A．throw the baby out with the bathwater B．seek their fortune C．put them under pressure D．comment on 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：大约有一百万人离开家园，向西旅行，在淘金热中寻找财富。A. throw the baby out with the bathwater扔掉宝宝连同洗澡水：一个成语，意指在解决问题时过于激进，导致丢失了有价值的东西；B. seek their fortune谋求财富或成功；C. put them under pressure给他们施加压力；D. comment on评论。根据后文“in the Gold Rush”可知是在淘金热中寻找财富。故选B。 41．Business negotiation may not necessarily be a game in which one loses if the other wins; we should ____a win-win result. A．take away B．make for C．take in D．strive for 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：商业谈判不一定是一场一方赢，一方输的游戏；我们应该争取双赢。A. take away带走；B. make for导致；C. take in吸收；D. strive for争取。结合句意可知，商业谈判不一定是一场一方赢，一方输的游戏；我们应该争取双赢。故选D项。 42．The witness told the police everything he had seen, being careful not to ________ any details. A．give out B．leave out C．take out D．figure out 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：目击者把他所看到的一切都告诉了警方，并注意不遗漏任何细节。A. give out分发；B. leave out遗漏；C. take out取出；D. figure out理解。根据前面提到的“将一切告诉警察”可知，他很小心地不遗漏任何细节。故选B项。 43．Since keeping positive is beneficial to the progress of our work and study, we should struggle not to let negative ideas ______. A．take off B．take over C．take in D．take on 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：既然保持积极的心态有利于我们工作和学习的进步，我们就应该努力不让消极的想法控制你。A. take off起飞，成名；B. take over接管，控制；C. take in欺骗；D. take on呈现。根据上文“struggle not to let negative ideas”可知，此处表达不要让消极的想法控制你。故选A项。 44．If you ________ any problem when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring. A．come up with B．set about C．come across D．put aside 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你到机场后有什么问题，给我打电话。A. come up with提出；B. set about开始；C. come across偶遇；D. put aside搁置。根据后文“any problem”指遇到问题，应用come across。故选C。 45．I went home and _______ my schoolbag and started to help Mother do the cooking. A．put off B．dropped off C．turned off D．shut off 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：我回到家，放下书包，开始帮妈妈做饭。A. put off推迟；B. dropped off放下；C. turned off 关上；D. shut off关闭。根据句意可知，应为介词短语dropped off与“went”和“started”并列作谓语，词义为“放下”。故选B。 46．It’s time you _________the fact that it’s a dangerous world out there. Be brave and optimistic. A．put up with B．woke up to C．took the place of D．looked down upon 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：是时候让你清醒地意识到这是一个危险的世界了。勇敢乐观一些吧。A. put up with忍受；B. woke up to意识到，认识到；C. took the place of代替……；D. looked down upon瞧不起。根据句意可知，句中指意识到这是一个危险的世界，所以要保持勇敢乐观，“wake up to”意为“意识到，认识到”，符合语境，“It’s time (that) sb. did sth.”意为“是时候让某人做某事了”，故应用“wake”的过去式“woke”。故选B项。 47．The athlete’s years of hard training _________when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. A．picked out B．paid off C．got through D．ended up 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这位运动员多年的刻苦训练终于获得了回报，她赢得了奥运会金牌。A. picked out挑出；B. paid off取得成功，获得回报；C. got through（设法）处理，完成；D. ended up结束，最终处于。根据句意可知，她赢得了奥运会金牌，由此可知，她多年的刻苦训练获得了回报，“paid off”意为“取得成功，获得回报”，符合语境。故选B项。 48．On the 70th birthday of the PRC, many policemen and policewomen were called out to _________. A．take action B．keep order C．make sense D．watch out 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在中华人民共和国成立70周年之际，许多男警察和女警被要求去维持秩序。A. take action采取行动；B. keep order维持秩序；C. make sense有道理，讲得通；D. watch out监视。根据句意可知，在中华人民共和国成立70周年之际，人很多，安全很重要，由此可知，许多男警察和女警被要求去维持秩序，“keep order”意为“维持秩序”，符合语境。故选B项。 49．These teenagers don’t know much of the world yet; that’s why they are so easily _________. A．taken in B．taken over C．taken after D．taken off 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这些青少年还不了解世界，这就是为什么他们那么容易上当受骗。A. taken in欺骗；B. taken over接管；C. taken after效仿；D. taken off起飞。由上文“These teenagers don’t know much of the world yet”可知，青少年还不了解世界，所以容易受骗，故选A。 50．We’ll meet again in the morning and we can ________ where we left off. A．pick up B．put down C．take in D．cut off 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们早上再碰一次头，从我们停下来的地方继续进行。A. pick up继续；B. put down放下；C. take in吸收；D. cut off中断。根据“meet again”和“where we left off”可推知，再碰一次头是想从停下来的地方继续，pick up符合题意，表示从谈话、会议等停顿的地方继续。故选A。 51．Hearing the injured soldier was saved, I ________ a sign of relief. A．left out B．let out C．gave out D．put out 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：听说受伤的士兵得救了，我松了一口气。A. left out漏掉；被忽略；B. let out释放；发出；C. gave out分发；D. put out扑灭。根据前文可知，士兵被救了，因此松了一口气，let out a sign of relief表示“松了一口气”。故选B。 52．I don’t agree with your application for the summer job, which will probably ______ your studies. A．interfere with B．argue with C．cooperate with D．react with 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不同意你申请暑期工作，那可能会干扰你的学习。A. interfere with干扰，妨碍；B. argue with与……争论；C. cooperate with与……合作；D. react with与……发生反应。根据“don’t agree with your application for the summer job”可推知，不同意申请暑期工作的原因是会干扰学习，用动词短语interfere with，符合句意。故选A项。 53．Einstein finally ________ Hans’ plan that Hans took his place and gave the lecture in that distant university. A．agreed with B．agreed to C．agreed on D．agreed for 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：爱因斯坦最终同意了汉斯的计划，让汉斯代替他在那所遥远的大学讲课。A. agree with 与某人[观点]一致， 同意[赞同]某人的意见；B. agree to 同意， 赞成， 同意照办；C. agree on 达成协议。D选项不是固定短语。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词短语 agree to，意为“同意某人的计划”，作谓语，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。故选B。 54．It is believed that the construction of a highway will ______ the growth of the suburbs. A．increase to B．contribute to C．keep to D．take to 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：人们相信高速公路的建设将有助于郊区的发展。A. increase to增加到；B. contribute to有助于；C. keep to保持；D. take to喜欢。根据后文“the growth of the suburbs”可知，此处指高速公路的建设将有助于郊区的发展。故选B。 55．It’s difficult to ______ a global population of polar bears because much of their range has been poorly studied. A．put out B．figure out C．come out D．turn out 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：很难计算出全球北极熊的数量，因为它们的大部分活动范围都没有得到很好的研究。A. put out扑灭；B. figure out计算出；C. come out出版；D. turn out结果是。结合a global population of polar bears，是计算全球北极熊的数量，故选B项。 56．It is pleasant to ________ a small talk in the lift. A．cut off B．put off C．take off D．set off 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在电梯里开始一段简短的谈话是令人愉快的。A. cut off切断；B. put off推迟；C. take off起飞；D. set off开始。由“a small talk in the lift”可知，句子表示“在电梯里开始一段简短的谈话是令人愉快的”，空格处意为“开始”。故选D。 57．Jasper has________ “No Parking” signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. A．put on B．put down C．put out D．put up 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：贾斯帕在他的大门外挂了“禁止停车”的标志，但没有任何效果。A. put on穿上；B. put down放下；C. put out熄灭；D. put up张贴。根据后文““No Parking” signs”指张贴标志，故选D。 58．His early experience enabled him to________ barriers between Scottish Catholics and Protestants. A．break out B．break up C．break in D．break down 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的早期经历使他能够打破苏格兰天主教徒和新教徒之间的障碍。A. break out爆发；B. break up破裂；C. break in突然闯入；D. break down打破。根据“barriers between Scottish Catholics and Protestants.”可知，此处是指打破苏格兰天主教徒和新教徒之间的障碍，break down“打破”符合题意。故选D。 59．I was ________ when Kenny wanted me to take care of his dog for a few days. I hate dogs. A．brought under control B．set in motion C．taken into account D．put on the spot 【答案】D 【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：当肯尼要我照顾他的狗几天时，我很为难。我讨厌狗。A. brought under control把……控制起来；B. set in motion启动、使开始运作起来；C. taken into account考虑到；D. put on the spot使陷入困境。根据后面的I hate dogs.可知，应该是感到为难。故选D项。 60．Our ancestors enjoyed the healing power of nature, and now scientists are starting to ________. A．hold back B．move on C．catch up D．get across 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们的祖先曾享受过大自然的治愈力量，现在科学家们开始追赶大自然的治愈力量。A. hold back阻止；B. move on继续前进；C. catch up追赶，赶上；D. get across被理解，解释清楚。结合句意可知，此处表示“赶上”应为catch up。故选C项。 61．In spring all kinds of flowers________ their sweet smell. A．give up B．give in C．give out D．give off 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：春天，各种各样的花都散发出芬芳。A. give up放弃；B. give in让步；C. give out分发；D. give off散发。根据常识可知，到了春天，花朵应该是散发出芬芳的气味。故选D。 62．China is working hard to________the full potential of higher education and will move faster to build world-class universities. A．take in B．set aside C．bring out D．give away 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国正在努力充分发挥高等教育的潜力，加快建设世界一流大学。A. take in吸收；B. set aside搁置；C. bring out使显现，使特点或品质更加突出；D. give away赠送。根据后文“the full potential of higher education”可知，此处指中国正在努力充分发挥高等教育的潜力，故选C。 63．Though the young girl earns less than 2000 dollars a month, she still ______ some money every month for special goals. A．hands out B．takes on C．sets aside D．watches over 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：尽管这个女孩一个月挣不到2000美元，但她仍然会每个月存下一部分钱用于特殊情况。A. hands out分发；B. takes on呈现；C. set aside留出，储存；D. watches over看守，照管。根据句意可知，此处指她会留出一些钱。故选C。 64．Sun Yiwen was apparently when she won the third Olympic medal of her career by winning women’s individual epee (重剑) gold at Tokyo 2020 on July 24. A．throwing in the towel B．scoring an own goal C．walking on air D．letting off steam 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：7月24日，当孙一文在东京奥运会上获得女子个人重剑金牌时，她似乎非常高兴。A. throwing in the towel认输；B. scoring an own goal踢乌龙球；C. walking on air飘飘然，洋洋得意；D. letting off steam花掉多余的精力；发泄强烈的感情。赢得金牌时应该是开心，得意。故选C项。 65．This is called the hedonic treadmill(快乐水车), in which satisfaction ________almost immediately and we must run on to the next reward to avoid the feeling of falling behind. A．wears off B．shows off C．drops out D．misses out 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这就叫做快乐水车，在这种情况下，满足感会立刻消失，我们必须继续跑向下一个奖励，以避免落后的感觉。根据句意可知，此处意为“消失”。A. wears off磨损，消失；B. shows off炫耀；C. drops out退学，脱离；D. misses out错过，遗漏。故选A。 66．Liu Yu’s parents think running can________his schoolwork. A．get in the way of B．be proud of C．fall in love with D．be responsible for 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：刘宇的父母认为跑步会妨碍他的学业。A. get in the way of阻碍；B. be proud of以……为骄傲；C. fall in love with和……相爱；D. be responsible for对……负责。由上文“Liu Yu’s parents think running can”和下文“his schoolwork.”可知，此处指跑步会妨碍他的学业，故选A。 67．It’s important to show support for one another as we ________ these difficult times. A．go through B．go over C．get along with D．set down 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在我们度过难关的时候，互相支持是很重要的。A. go through度过；B. go over检查；复习；C. get along with友好相处；进展；D. set down记下，写下。根据“It’s important to show support for one another”可知，度过难关时互相支持很重要。故选A。 68．Cooking together gives us a chance to relax and________on each other’s days. A．weigh up B．pass up C．pick up D．catch up 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一起做饭给了我们一个放松和了解彼此生活的机会。A. weigh up权衡，估量；B. pass up拒绝，把……向上递；C.  pick up捡起，偶然学到，接收，中途打车；D. catch up赶上。固定搭配：catch up on“得到……消息，弥补”。故选D。 69．Despite the extreme condition, Deng Jiaxian refused to________from his responsibility and kept on conducting scientific research. A．cut down B．back down C．put down D．turn down 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管情况极端，邓稼先仍拒绝放弃自己的责任，继续进行科学研究。A. cut down砍倒；B. back down放弃；C. put down写下；D. turn down拒绝。根据下文“kept on conducting scientific research(继续进行科学研究)”可知，邓稼先继续进行科学研究，拒绝放弃自己的责任，空白处应填表示“放弃”含义的动词短语，故选B项。 70．All theories ________practice and in turn service practice. A．originate from B．date from C．learn from D．differ from 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一切理论来源于实践，反过来又服务于实践。A. originate from源于；B. date from追溯到；C. learn from向……学习；D. differ from不同于。根据“and in turn service practice.”可知，理论来源于实践。故选A。 71．There are successful examples of cancer patients who have ____ because of proper treatment. A．pulled through B．died out C．given up D．got through 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一些成功的癌症患者因为适当的治疗而恢复健康。A. pulled through恢复健康；B. died out灭绝；C. given up放弃；D. got through完成。根据下文“because of proper treatment(因为适当的治疗)”可知，由于有了适当的治疗，可推理出癌症患者从疾病中康复，空白处应填表示“恢复健康”含义的动词短语，故选A项。 72．The tanker, which was full of petrol, ____ and gave off heavy and dark flames the moment a truck knocked into it. A．blew up B．put up C．turned up D．brought up 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一辆卡车撞上这辆装满汽油的油罐车，油罐车随即爆炸，冒出了浓黑的火焰。A. blew up爆发，爆炸；B. put up提供，建造，举起；C. turned up出现；D. brought up提出，抚养。根据句意，此处考查动词短语blow up，意为“爆炸”，两车相撞导致油罐车爆炸，故选A项。 73．A good neighbour is also one who likes to ________ in small ways. A．make out B．put out C．help out D．look out 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个好邻居也是一个喜欢帮助别人的人。A. make out 看清，听清，分清；B. put out 扑灭；C. help out 帮一把；D. look out 当心。根据“A good neighbour”和“in small ways”可知，这里考查动词短语，意为“帮忙”。故选C。 74．Peacock Dance by Yang Liping comes from a traditional belief that it aims to________the Dai women’s beauty. A．bring out B．show off C．pass down D．turn up 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：杨丽萍的《孔雀舞》源于一种传统观念，认为它旨在展现傣族女性的美。A. bring out使明显； 拿出；展现；B. show off炫耀；C. pass down传递；D. turn up出现。根据“the Dai women’s beauty.”可知，杨丽萍的《孔雀舞》展现傣族女性的美。故选A。 75．Faced with a declining population and workforce, Japan has been increasingly ________ robots for help. A．turning to B．putting away C．taking up D．holding back 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：面对人口和劳动力的下降，日本越来越多地求助于机器人。A. turning to求助于； B. putting away整理，收拾； C. taking up从事；占据； D. holding back阻止。根据句中“Faced with a declining population and workforce”可知，人口和劳动力的下降，因此此处指日本转向机器人求助。故选A。 76．A very popular thing to do on Boxing Day is to go shopping and ________ the sales. A．keep pace with B．take advantage of C．look forward to D．throw a light on 【答案】B 【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：节礼日最流行的一件事就是去购物，好好利用这次促销活动。A. keep pace with跟上……的步子； B. take advantage of利用； C. look forward to期盼；盼望； D. throw a light on阐明。结合句中前后内容可知，这里指充分利用促销活动，选项B符合题意，故选B。 77．—The soup needs a bit of flavor. —I know, some tomato juice should . A．set in motion B．carry on C．do the trick D．go wild 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——汤需要一点味道。——我知道，加点番茄汁就可以了。A. set in motion使……运动；B. carry on继续进行；从事；C. do the trick达到目的；有效；D. go wild狂怒； 狂热。根据“The soup needs a bit of flavor.”可知，没有味道的汤中加点番茄汁就达到目的了。故选C。 78．I’m sorry I broke your vase I’ll_______it. A．run out of B．make up for C．lose track of D．pass down 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：对不起，我打碎了你的花瓶，我会赔偿的。A. run out of用完；B. make up for弥补，补偿；C. lose track of失去联系；D. pass down传递下来。结合句意，因为打碎了花瓶，所以要补偿。故选B项。 79．Many scientists    ________  the idea that it is human beings’ activities that have resulted in global warming. A．look forward to B．subscribe to C．participate in D．get involved in 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多科学家赞同人类活动导致全球变暖的观点。A. look forward to期待；B. subscribe to同意；C. participate in参加；D. get involved in参加。根据后文“the idea that it is human beings’ activities that have resulted in global warming”指赞同观点，故选B。 80．People with strong immune systems are better able to ________ infection. A．fight off B．deal with C．make up D．rest on 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：免疫系统强的人能更好地抵抗感染。A.fight off击退；B.deal with处理；C.make up编造；D.rest on依靠。根据“People with strong immune systems”可知，此处是指能更好地抵抗感染。故选A。 高考模拟试题 一、单项选择 1．（2024·湖南株洲·模拟预测）My bag is red, my sister’s red,too. A．and;is B．but;is C．and;isn’t D．but;isn’t 【答案】A 【详解】考查连词和系动词。句意：我的包是红色的，我妹妹的也是红色的。too也，表示和前面的一样，用于肯定句的末尾；可排除C和D两项。and“和”，表并列；but但是，表转折。本题前后是两个并列关系的句子，需用and连接，主语my sister’s“我妹妹的(包)”是单数第三人称，系词需用is。故选A。 2．（2024黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）Going to the dentist's ________ not necessarily have to be ________ awful experience. A．do; an B．does; the C．do; / D．does; an 【答案】D 【详解】考查主谓一致和冠词。句意：去看牙医并不一定是一次可怕的经历。“Going to the dentist's ”是动名词做主语，谓语要用单数形式，因此使用助词does，experience是“经历”意思时，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，用不定冠词。awful是以元音开头，用an修饰。故选D。 3．（2024·天津南开·一模）That kind of ice-cream ________like a mixture of banana and strawberry is delicious. A．tasted B．tastes C．tasting D．being tasted 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词正确形式辨析。句意：那种尝起来像香蕉和草莓的混合味道的冰淇淋很好吃。A.tasted （品尝；尝起来是）动词过去式/过去分词；B.tastes（品尝；尝起来是）动词单三形式； C.tasting（品尝；尝起来是）动词现在分词； D.being tasted（被品尝）动词ing形式的被动式。分析句子主干，主语That kind of ice-cream，谓语动词 is，形容词 delicious.作表语。可知该空为后置定语修饰名词 ice-cream ，表示“尝起来是，有着...口感的 ”，taste为系动词，无被动形式。故选C项。 4．（2024·江苏徐州·三模）Old as my car is, it is in good condition and ________ well, even on rough roads. A．handles B．is handled C．has been handled D．will handle 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：尽管我的汽车年代久远，但即使在崎岖不平的道路上，它的状况良好，操控性也很好。and连接并列谓语is in good condition和______ well，故可推断用一般现在时，主语it指代my car，与谓语handle“操控”是主动关系，handle是不及物动词，故选A。 5．（2024·浙江·杭州一模）Childhood memories _______ the new gardener that she has a little nature knowledge after all. A．suggest B．remind C．command D．demand 【答案】B 【详解】试题分析：动词辨析。A建议B提醒C命令D要求；句意：童年的回忆让这个新的花匠想起了她还有这方面的知识。根据句意说明B正确。Suggest(建议)，command, demand后面的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气（should）+动词原形。 6．（2024·浙江台州·一模）Great changes ___ in my hometown and a lot of factories _______. A．have been taken place , are being set up B．have taken place , have been set up C．are taken place , had been set up D．had taken place , will be set up 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：我的家乡发生了巨大的变化，建立了许多工厂。根据句意可知变化已经发生，很多工厂已经修建，是过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响，用现在完成时。take place是不及物动词短语，没有被动。factories和set up是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动。故选B。 二、翻译 7．（2024·上海嘉定·一模）小张进电梯时把脚踝给崴了，现在医生正在给她缠绷带。(have) 【答案】Xiao Zhang had her ankle sprained when she entered the elevator, and now the doctor is having it bandaged. 【详解】考查时态、从句和使役动词have的用法。“小张进电梯时把脚踝给崴了”陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，“把脚给崴了”可表达为have one’s ankle sprained，sprained为过去分词作宾补，“进电梯时”处理为when的引导的时间状语从句，“进入”用enter表达；“现在医生正在给她缠绷带”陈述现在正在发生的事情，用现在进行时，“正在给她缠绷带”可表达为have it bandaged，it指代上文出现的her ankle，bandaged为过去分词作宾补。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Xiao Zhang had her ankle sprained when she entered the elevator, and now the doctor is having it bandaged. 8．（2024·上海长宁·二模）想到睡在帐篷的硬地上，野营就没那么诱人了。(thought) 【答案】The thought of sleeping on the hard ground of the tent makes camping less attractive. 【详解】考查时态和非谓语以及形容词。根据汉语可知，想到睡在帐篷的硬地上为The thought of sleeping on the hard ground of the tent ，谓语动词选择make表示让，使的意思，使用一般现在时，野营camping做宾语，没那么诱人作为野营的补语，译为less attractive放在camping的后面作宾补，故翻译为The thought of sleeping on the hard ground of the tent makes camping less attractive。 9．（2024·上海嘉定·二模）听到他安然无恙的消息，我们都如释重负。（relief） 【答案】Hearing the news that he was safe and sound, we breathed a sigh of relief. 【详解】考查非谓语动词、动词短语和时态。陈述过去发生的动作，谓语动词用一般过去时态。根据所给单词relief，“如释重负”可表达为动词短语breathe a sigh of relief，作谓语，relief作宾语；“听到消息”可表达动词短语hear the news；“安然无恙”可表达为形容词短语be safe and sound，形容词作表语；“他安然无恙的消息”可用同位语从句，“他安然无恙”作“消息”的同位语，可表达为the news that he was safe and sound；hear与主语“我们”之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Hearing the news that he was safe and sound, we breathed a sigh of relief. 10．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）在等待测试结果的时候，居民们都如坐针毡。(seem) 【答案】The residents seem to be on pins and needles when they are waiting for test results. 【详解】考查时间状语从句和系动词。分析原句，描述现在的状态，用一般现在时态；“居民们都如坐针毡”是主句，“居民们”作主语，是复数概念，用the residents表示，“如坐针毡”用固定短语be on pins and needles表示，用连系动词seem (to be)连接，意为“好像是；似乎是”，译为the residents seem to be on pins and needles；“在等待测试结果的时候”是时间状语从句，用连词when引导，其主语与主句主语一致，用人称代词they代替，“等待”是谓语动词，用动词短语wait for表示，结合句意，用现在进行时态，“测试结果”是宾语，用test results表示，译为when they are waiting for test results。综上，全句译为：The residents seem to be on pins and needles when they are waiting for test results. 11．（2024·上海金山·二模）如今人们担心的不再是如何填饱肚子，而是如何防止发胖。(not... but...) 【答案】Nowadays, what people are concerned about is not how to fill their stomachs but how to prevent themselves from gaining weight. 【详解】考查主语从句、形容词和动词短语。表示“不是……而是……”应用not... but...；表示“担心”应用形容词短语be concerned about；表示“填饱”应用动词fill；表示“防止”应用动词短语prevent...from...；表示“发胖”应用动词短语gain weight。根据句意，主语是由what引导的从句，由“如今”可知时态是一般现在时，由how+动词不定式充当宾语。故翻译为Nowadays, what people are concerned about is not how to fill their stomachs but how to prevent themselves from gaining weight. 12．（2024·上海金山·二模）究竟是什么驱使人类不断地探索外太空？(on earth) 【答案】What on earth motivates humans to keep exploring outer space? 【详解】考查介词短语、动词和名词。表达“究竟”应用介词短语on earth，表达“驱使”应用动词motivate，表达“外太空”应用名词outer space。根据句意可知，此处是由what连接的特殊疑问句，what充当主语，谓语动词是motivate，短语motivate sb. to do sth.“驱使某人做某事”，描述一般事实时态是一般现在时， “不断地探索”应用动词表达keep exploring。故翻译为What on earth motivates humans to keep exploring outer space?。 13．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）那位作家把书房看作是私人领域和精神家园，在那里，他可以坐拥书籍之乐，将尘世烦恼抛诸脑 后。(leave) 【答案】The writer regards his study as his private territory and spiritual home, where he can enjoy the company of the books, leaving behind worries of everyday life. 【详解】考查名词、动词和短语。句意：那位作家把书房看作是私人领域和精神家园，在那里，他可以坐拥书籍之乐，将尘世烦恼抛诸脑后。“把……当作”regard…as…，“私人的”private，“领域，领土”territory，“精神的”spiritual。私人领域和精神家园可翻译为private territory and spiritual home。坐拥书籍的快乐，可理解为享受书籍的陪伴的快乐，enjoy sth，“……的陪伴”the company of sb/sth。“丢弃，抛掉”leave behind。由句子结构可知，时态是一般现在时，主句翻译The writer regards his study as his private territory and spiritual home。“在那里”，用where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词his study，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导该从句，所以是where he can enjoy the company of the books。后半句用现在分词作伴随状语，“在那抛却了烦恼”，可翻译为leaving behind worries of everyday life。故可翻译为The writer regards his study as his private territory and spiritual home, where he can enjoy the company of the books, leaving behind worries of everyday life。 14．（2024·上海青浦·二模）正是她那种急于求成的心态让她无缘决赛。（It） 【答案】It is her eagerness for success that has made her miss the final. 【详解】考查强调句型。根据所给汉语语境，本句强调了造成“她无缘决赛”的正是“她那种急于求成的心态”，故该句可以用强调句型，即“It is +被强调部分+that+其他”用来强调句中主语成分；“她急于求成的心态”可译为her eagerness for success；“让/使某人做某事”可用动词make sb. do sth.结构；分析语境，“她的急于求成”造成了现在“无缘决赛”的结果，所以应用现在完成时；“无缘决赛”可译为miss the final。综上，该句可译为：It is her eagerness for success that has made her miss the final. （2024·上海杨浦·二模） 15．弘扬中华民族的美德，并不意味着我们不需要与时俱进。(mean) 16．出于安全考虑，任何账户的密码都应该包括字母、数字和符号。(concern) 17．尽管最后期限延长了一个月，研究团队仍需调整策略，以便如期完成项目。(so that) 18．很多医生表情严肃说着难懂的术语，但张医生是个例外，他做事脚踏实地，话语浅显幽默，赢得了公众的认可。(whose) 【答案】 15．To promote/Promoting the virtues of the Chinese nation doesn’t mean we needn’t advance/keep pace with the times. 16． Due to/Out of safety concern/As far as safety is concerned, the password for any account should include letters, numbers and symbols. 17． Though the deadline has been extended for a month, the research team still need (s) to adjust their strategy so that they can/may complete the project as scheduled/planned. 18．Many doctors are serious and talk in complex medical terms, but doctor Zhang is an exception, whose down-to-earth/realistic/practical behaviors and (whose) plain and funny speech have won the recognition of the public. 【解析】15．考查动词。分析句子可知，时态为一般现在时，主语为不定式To promote/Promoting the virtues of the Chinese nation，谓语为doesn’t mean，宾语为省略that的宾语从句we needn’t advance/keep pace with the times。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：To promote/Promoting the virtues of the Chinese nation doesn’t mean we needn’t advance/keep pace with the times。 16．考查名词。分析句子可知，前一句为表示原因的状语，主句的主语为the password for any account，谓语为should include，并列宾语为letters, numbers and symbols。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：Due to/Out of safety concern/As far as safety is concerned, the password for any account should include letters, numbers and symbols。 17．考查结果状语从句的引导词。分析句子可知，though引导让步状语从句，主句主语为the research team，谓语为need (s) to adjust，宾语为their strategy，且用so that引导结果状语从句。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：Though the deadline has been extended for a month, the research team still need (s) to adjust their strategy so that they can/may complete the project as scheduled/planned。 18．考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子可知，此处要用“whose+名词”引导的定语从句，先行词是doctor Zhang；定语从句主语为whose down-to-earth/realistic/practical behaviors and (whose) plain and funny speech，谓语为have won，宾语为the recognition of the public。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：Many doctors are serious and talk in complex medical terms, but doctor Zhang is an exception, whose down-to-earth/realistic/practical behaviors and (whose) plain and funny speech have won the recognition of the public。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$