2024年新牛津译林新七年级上学期暑期课程第三讲：时态讲解&词性突破（一）

2024译林七年级上学期暑期课程第三讲：时态讲解＆词性突破（一） Teaching objectives 1.知识目标：学生能够掌握一般现在时 2.技能目标：学生能够掌握冠词的用法 3.情感目标：学生能够有意识将知识和考点相结合。 Key points, Difficult points 一般现在时, 冠词 【课程导入】 一般现在时之 Somebody & Two Birds小诗两首 Somebody In my house I am really somebody. 我在家里确实是一个人物。 Is that so? 真是这样吗? Yes. 是的， Every night my wife calls out from the kitchen, "Will somebody take out the garbage? 每天晚上我妻子都在厨房里喊“来一个人把垃圾拿出去。” Two Birds Here are two birds, one is a swallow, and the other is a sparrow. 这儿有两只鸟，一只是燕子，另一只是麻雀。 Now who can tell us which is which? 谁能指出哪只是燕子，哪只是麻雀呢? I cannot point out, but I know the answer. 我指不出来，但我知道答案。 Please tell us. 请说说看。 The swallow is beside the sparrow and the sparrow is beside the swallow. 燕子旁边的是麻雀，麻雀旁边的是燕子。 Activity1: 找出所有的be动词 Activity2: 比较be动词前的人称 【知识讲解】 Part 1 一般现在时 一般现在时主要用动词原形表示, 如果主语是第三人称单数, 则用动词的第三人称单数的形式。 1. 一般现在时的定义和用法 ①表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态 ②表示众所周知的客观事实或普遍真理 ③目前存在的事实 2. 时间标志词 ①表示频率的副词：always, often, usually, sometimes等; ②on Sundays, on Monday afternoon, every day, every morning, every year等时间介词; ③once a year, twice a month, three times a week等时间状语 3. 一般现在时的构成形式 ①含be的一般现在时句型转换 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 回答 I am happy. I’m not happy. Are you happy? 肯定：Yes, I am. 否定：No, I am not. She is my sister. She isn’t my sister. Is she your sister? 肯定：Yes, she is. 否定：No, she isn’t. They are sad. They aren’t sad. Are they sad? 肯定：Yes, they are. 否定：No, they aren’t. ②含助动词的一般现在时句型转换 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 回答 I like reading. I don’t like reading. Do you like reading? 肯定: Yes I do. 否定: No, I don’t. He/She/It feels tired. He/She/It doesn’t feel tired. Does he/she/it feel tired? 肯定：Yes, he / she / it does. 否定：No, he / she / it doesn’t. We/You/They buy some books. We/You/They don’t buy some books. Do you/we/they buy some books? 肯定：Yes, we / you / they do. 否定：No, we / you / they don’t. 4. 动词三单变形规则： 动词分类 变化 动词原形 三单 大部分 + s like walk eat play likes walks eats plays 辅音+y结尾 -y + ies study try carry studies tries carries 以ch/ sh/ ss/ x结尾 + es watch wash dress fix watches washes dresses fixes 一些以o结尾 + es go do goes does 【练习】 1. --- Can your father drive? --- Yes, and he ______ to work every day. A. is driving B. has driven C. drives D. drove 2. This girl is ready to help people any time. When she is on the bus, she always ______ her seat to someone in need. A. gives B. give C. gave D. giving 3. We often __________ (play) in the playground. 4. Danny __________ (study) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school. 5. His father usually __________ (read) morning newspaper at seven o’clock . 6. __________ she often __________ (read) English books? 7. How many lessons __________ your classmate __________ (have) on Mondays? 8. His grandfather __________ (not) like __________ (read) newspapers on Sundays. 9. Where __________ his mother usually __________ (play) chess? Part 2 冠 词 难度星级: ★★★★; 英语中常用a, an, the来说明名词所表示的人和事物, 这三个词常位于名词前面, 故称之为冠词。冠词分为不定冠词a, an和定冠词the两种。不定冠词表示泛指概念, 定冠词表示特指概念。冠词是名词的一种标志, 它不能脱离名词独立存在, 不能单独作句子成分。 考点1 不定冠词a/an 1. 基本用法： 1) 用于第一次提到的某人/物前或泛指 Look! Here is a panda. I want a new watch. 2) 用于表示时间、价格、速度等名词前, 表示“每一” 每小时一次 once an hour 3) 在序数词前, 表示“再一, 又一” 再试一次 try a second time 4) 固定词组： 匆忙 in a hurry 一会儿 for a while 玩的开心 have a good time 一个巨大的成功 a great success 帮某人的忙 do sb. a favor 2. 不定冠词a/an, a用于辅音音素前, an用于元音音素前 1) 核心：不看字母看发音。 若单词第一个音素为/a/ /ɔ/ /ə/ /i/ /u/ /æ/ /ʌ/ /e/中任意一个, 则用an。 2) 题型一: a tree an idea a useful book an umbrella a university a European country an hour an honest boy 3) 题型二：口诀“Mr. Li has one fox.”【该口诀里出现的字母, 其前均用an】 an f an h an m an n an r an s an x 【练习】 1. 用a/an填空。 ★(1) __________ university (2) __________ hour (3) __________ orange (4) __________ engineer ★(5) __________ ordinary man (6) __________ honest person (7) __________ European (8) __________ one-way street (9) __________ island ★(10) __________ onion 考点2 定冠词the 1) 特指：上文中已提及的事物, 谈话双方都知晓或被短语修饰表特指时 Here is a panda. The panda is eating bamboo. Do you know the girl over there? 2) 西洋乐器名词前 弹吉他 play the guitar 3) the + 形容词表一类人/姓氏的复数表一家人 年轻人 the young 富人 the rich 格林一家人 the Greens 4) 用在序数词或形容词最高级前 在一楼 on the first floor 最美味的食物 the most delicious food 5) 用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前, 或者由普通名词构成的专有名词前；4.表示世界上和宇宙中独一无二的事物。世界上独一无二的东西很多, 这里所说的事物 主要指各种天体及世界上比较有影响力的事物。 地球 the earth 长城 the Great Wall 美国 the United States 6) 固定搭配 in the morning; at the beginning of; at the moment; all the time; by the way, etc. 【总结】定冠词的核心就是“特定”两个字。当通过句意分析,名词是特定的某件事物,不能被任意同类事物替换时用定冠词。 考点3 零冠词 1) 在季节、月份、星期、节日前 in winter; in September; on Wednesday; at Christmas, etc. 2) 在三餐、球类、棋类、交通工具、学科前 at breakfast; play volleyball; play chess; by underground; in Maths, etc. 3) 在专有名词前, 如地名、人名 in America; in / on Nanjing Road; with Lily, etc. 4) 名词前有this; that; some; any; no; my等代词；或whose等疑问词；或复数名词前 没有原因 There is no reason. 孩子们喜欢狗。 Children like dogs. 5) 固定搭配 at night; face to face; day and night; in time; on time; watch TV; go to school / cinema, etc. 【练习】 1.There is _____“u”and _____ “s”in the word“use”. A. a, an B. an. a C. an, an D. a, a 2. I have_____ old friend and _____ new friend. A. a; a B. a; an C. an; a D. an;an 3. I think PE is _____ most important subject. A. a B. / C. the D. an 4. This summer, I'm going to visit _____ Great Wall. A. a B. an C. the D. / ★5. Can you assure us_____ photos you took on Mountain Tai last week? A. a B. an C. the D. / 6. _____ horse is _____ useful animal. A. A; a B. A; an C. An; the D. /; the 7. Eric is going to London by ____ plane. Instead, he is taking ____ train. A. /; a B. a; / C. a; the D. the; a 8. Mary will go to ____ America for ____ important meeting next month. A. an; an B. /; an C. /; a D. an; the 9. ---What do you usually have for ____ breakfast? ---A piece of bread and ____ egg. A. a; an B. /; the C. a; the D. /; an 10.--- Have you read a book called "The Merchant of Venice"? --- Yes. _____book is very interesting. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【专题通关】 建议用时: __________ / 实际用时: __________; 准确率: __________ 【一般现在时专练】 1. Jenny! Do you know that one-third of the boys in our class ______ the singer Zhang Shaohan? A. like B. likes C. liking D. liked 2. Lily’s teachers ______ from America. A. comes B. is C. are D. coming 3. --- Maths ______ my favorite subject. What about you? --- English ______. I think it’s very interesting. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are 4. My family __________ (not) like __________ __________ (have dinner) too late. 5. The boy always __________（fly）kites on windy days. 6. Tom with his sister __________ reading. (like) 7. Who __________ very happy? (be) 8. One of my best friends __________ Helen. (be) 9. Listen! The music __________ __________ so wonderful. (not sound) 10.Helen does well at school. (改成一般疑问句) Helen well at school? 11.There are many e-bikes on the street. (改为否定句） There e-bikes on the street. 12.My brother does his homework every day. (否定句) My brother his homework every day. 13.Kitty goes to the park on foot. (改为同义句) Kitty the park. 14.I want to be a worker. (把I改成Danny) Danny to be a worker. 15.我喜欢跳舞。因为舞蹈使人健康和开心。 I like dancing. Because dancing people and . 16.在马路上玩手机是不安全的。 It’s not to play with on the road. 17.看红灯, 意味着我们必须停下。 Look at the red . It we must stop. 18.他很快弄来些水, 并把它倒进了洞里。 He some water and the hole. 19.我妈妈经常为我煮一些面条。(汉译英) My mother often cooks some for . 20.他总是早上和睡前刷牙。 He always his in the morning and before bedtime. 21.牛奶对你的身体有好处。你早餐应该喝一些。 Mike is your body. You should drink some . 【冠词专练】 1. We’d better get ready for the dinner now because_____Jones are coming to visit us tonight. A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. ---Where may you advise me to start my business? --- In my opinion, London is _____ one of _____best places for you. A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /;/ 3._____ plane on the table is mine. It’s_____ model plane. A. The; an B. The; a C. A; a D. A; an 4. Have you heard _____ news? The price of _____ petrol around the world is going up by 30%! A. the; the B. the; 不填 C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填 5. The newspaper said that a car went out of _____ control on the highway_____ south of the city and rushed into a river. A. 不填; 不填 B. the; 　the C. the; 不填 D. 不填; 　the ★★6. Sam has been appointed _____ manager of the engineering department to take _____ place of George. A. the；不填 B. 不填；不填 C. 不填；the D. the；the ★★7. --- Do not give up! Perhaps _____ tough task needs more of your effort. --- I won't. I'll have _____ second try anyway. A. a； a B. the； a C. a； the D. the； the 用a、an或the填空, 不需要的地方画“/”。 8.Listen to teacher, please. 9.On Children’s Day, children sing and dance happily. 10.Spring Festival is most important festival in China. 11.Please give me pen. I left my pen home. 12.It’s rainy day. The children are playing in the rain. 13.There is ruler on the desk. 14.I like picture on piano very much. 15.Let’s take bus to school. 16.I can go to Beijing by plane. 17. man behind me is my father. 【阅读天地】 根据对话内容, 从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。 (David is reading a newspaper when Simon comes around.) David: Hey, Simon! Come and look at the snowman in the picture! Simon: Oh, It’s lovely with a red hat. How tall is it? David: ____31____ Simon: Wow! What is in its right hand? David: It is a big torch. Simon: A torch? ____32____ David: To celebrate the Asian Winter Games to be held (举办) in the city in 2025. Simon: ____33____ David: About 10 days! Simon: I wish I could see it for myself. Where is it? David: ____34____ Simon: Oh, the city is popular these days. Could you tell me more about it? David: Sure. ____35____ Simon: I really want to go there and have a look. A. In the city Harbin. B. Why is the snowman holding it? C. It is the tallest snowman in China. D. When did people finish building it? E. The newspaper says it is 20 meters tall. F. How long does it take them to build such a snowman? G. It’s a city of ice and snow, and you can see colorful ice lanterns there. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$