2024年新牛津译林新七年级上学期暑期课程第二讲：辅音音标、代词

2024新版译林七年级上学期暑期课程第二讲：辅音音标、代词 Teaching objectives 1.知识目标：学生能够掌握辅音的朗读 2.技能目标：学生能够掌握代词的运用 3.情感目标：学生能够有意识将知识和考点相结合。 Key points, Difficult points 辅音, 代词 【课程导入】 Deep down in the Pacific Ocean in the city of Bikini Bottom lives a square yellow sea sponge named Sponge Bob Square Pants, because he always wears square pants. 在太平洋深处一个叫做比基尼堡的城市里，住着一个方形的黄色海绵，名叫海绵鲍勃方短裤，因为它总是穿着方形短裤。 He works as a fry cook at the Krusty Krab, a hamburger fast-food restaurant, and his dream in life is to be the ocean's ultimate fry cook. 海绵宝宝在一家汉保快餐店--解堡王那里做煎炸汉保包的工作，而他的人生，梦想就是成为海洋里最好的煎炸师。 Here's his letter to his pen-fiend. Let's have a look ! 下面是他写给笔友的信。让我们一起看看吧! 【知识讲解】 Part 1辅音 2. 辅音音标（共28个）： 气流在口腔或咽头受到阻碍而形成的音叫做辅音, 又叫子音, 辅音发音时气流受到发音器官的各种阻碍, 声带不一定振动, 不够清晰响亮。 2.1 爆破音 /p/ 双唇紧闭, 然后快速张开, 让气流冲出口腔, 发出爆破音, 但声带不振动。 e.g.: pen pig park pool peach happy speak /b/ 双唇紧闭, 然后快速张开, 让气流冲出口腔, 发出爆破音, 但声带需振动。 e.g.: big bye bad bus job bird bark bike /t/ 舌尖抵上齿龈, 憋住气, 然后突然弹开舌尖, 让气流从口腔喷出, 但声带不振动。 e.g.: to tea tear seat boat town bottle /d/ 舌尖抵上齿龈, 憋住气, 然后弹开舌尖, 让气流从口腔中喷出, 但声带需振动。 e.g.: do dog date down duck glad made window /k/ 舌后部抵住软腭, 憋住气, 然后突然间离开, 将气送出来, 像咳嗽一样, 但声带不震动。 e.g.: cap key cow car card come kite back cold /ɡ/ 舌后部抵住软腭, 憋住气, 然后突然间离开, 将气送出来, 但声带需振动。 e.g.: go bag egg pig gap girl gold gave 2.2 摩擦音 /f/ 上齿轻轻接触下唇, 然后吹气, 让气流从唇齿间通过, 形成摩擦, 但声带不振动。 e.g.: fat fast face fine life fire phone father /v/ 上齿轻轻接触下唇, 然后吹气, 让气流从唇齿间通过, 形成摩擦, 但声带需振动。 e.g.: of love view vine very violin leave /s/ 双唇微微张开, 舌头自然放松, 气流从上下齿隙间送出, 但声带不振动。 e.g.: sun ice sea sell same face snake mouse /z/ 双唇微微张开, 舌头自然放松, 气流从上下齿隙间送出, 但声带需振动。 e.g.: zoo eyes nose knees prize music /ʃ/ 双唇收圆并稍微突出, 舌尖接近上齿龈, 送气, 声带不振动。 e.g.: she sure wash ship sheep share shake /ʒ/ 双唇收圆并稍微突出, 舌头稍微上卷, 舌尖接近上齿龈, 送气, 但声带需振动。 e.g.: pleasure usually /θ/ 舌尖微微伸出, 上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖, 送气, 但声带不振动。 e.g.: both cloth three thing mouth hanks birthday /ð/ 上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖, 送气, 但声带需振动。 e.g.: that than these bathe mother /h/ 嘴唇自然张开, 自然呵气, 声带不振动。 e.g.: he hen hat hill high hair horse /r/ 舌尖向上卷起, 舌头不要接触任何部位, 双唇稍微突出, 声带振动。 e.g.: run red rain free race write read 2.3 破擦音 /tʃ/ 双唇略微张开突出, 舌尖抵住上齿龈, 用力吐气, 声带不振动。 e.g.: watch child China chair cheap lunch /dʒ/ 双唇略微张开突出, 舌尖抵住上齿龈, 用力吐气, 但声带需振动。 e.g.: Jane jeep gem joke bridge orange /tr/ 双唇收圆向前突出, 舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈, 采取发/r/的姿势, 声带不振动。 e.g.: train tree trip /dr/ 双唇收圆向前突出, 舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈, 采取发/r/的姿势, 但声带振动。 e.g.: drive drip dress dream /ts/ 舌尖先抵住上齿, 堵住气流, 使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出, 声带不振动。 e.g.: pats cats shirts skates students /dz/ 舌尖先抵住上齿, 堵住气流, 使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出。 e.g.: seeds cards hands roads 2.4鼻音 /m/ 双唇紧闭, 舌头平放, 气流从鼻腔送出, 声带振动。 e.g.: me home came some mouth game many /n/ 双唇微开, 舌尖抵上齿龈, 气流从鼻孔里出来, 声带振动。 e.g.: son run thin neck noon knife number /ŋ/ 双唇完全张开, 舌尖抵下齿龈, 舌后与软腭接触, 气流从鼻腔送出, 声带振动。 e.g.: sing king song thing strong bring 2.5舌则音 /l/ 舌尖抵住上齿龈, 舌尖轻微用力弯曲, 气流从舌的旁边送出。 e.g.: 清晰的/l/ 例词： letter lesson lion lamp 含糊的/l/ 例词： ball girl tall bottle 2.6半元音 /j/ 嘴形成微笑状, 舌尖抵住下齿, 舌面贴住上颚, 声带需振动。 e.g.: yes yard year yellow /w/ 双唇缩小并向前突出, 舌后部抬起, 嘴慢慢向两边滑开。 e.g.: wheat wheel way wood 【过关检测】 难度星级: ★★★★; 第一关 辨析 /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ 一、圈出下列没有相同发音的词 1. pear ship coat pig 2. taxi bean cab cabbage 3. hat sea ticket wallet 4. seed dance hand full 5. pick pen sit pineapple 6. cold find door chair 7. cloth purple pool push 8. eat fan quiet set 第二关 辨析 /k/ /g/ /s/ /z/ 一、圈出下列没有相同发音的词 1. car stay neck clock 2. gas give drive bag 3. sea boss rice cook 4. lick zoo rose zero 5. tears freeze desk busy 第三关 辨析 /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/ 一、选出下列具有相同发音的单词。 1. shell watch ship see 2. shell pleasure sick treasure 3. chair China Monkey dream 4. job gift door cabbage 5. grass chick start jeans 第四关 辨析 /f/ /v/ /θ/ /ð/ 一、将下列没有相同发音的词找出来 1. foot knife pick fish 2. window move vote vase 3. three fan thousand thin 4. father them brother watch 5. finish van fool fat 第五关 辨析 /ts/ /dz/ /tr/ /dr/ 一、圈出下列选项中具有相同发音的两个单词。 1. dream shoes drink popcorn 2. truck thirsty bath trash 3. beds pets words gates 4. birds boots rats friends 5. drug drain rain dish 第六关 辨析 /h/ /r/ /l/ /m/ 一、写出单词或音标。 /hed/ __________ /raɪt/ __________ /laɪt/ __________ /teɪl/ __________ /ku:l/ __________ /rɪŋ/ __________ /mu:n/ __________ /hæm/ __________ heart __________ hair __________ horse __________ school __________ 第七关 辨析 /n/ /η/ /w/ /j/ 一、写出单词或音标。 /naɪs/ __________ /wɒtʃ/ __________ /wɔ:tә/ __________ /bæηk/ __________ /rɪη/ __________ /ja:d/ __________ /jɪp/ __________ your __________ bank __________ think __________ nose __________ rain __________ Part2 代词综合 考点1 人称代词/物主代词/反身代词 人称 单/复 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its \ itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 人称代词的用法： 1. 主格用作宾语, 表语 e.g. I like sports. It was she who helped us a lot. 2. 宾格作宾语（用于动词和介词的后面） e.g. Please give me a pen. This present is for her. --- Who’s there? --- It’s me. 3. 人称代词的顺序 单数：you, he / she and I 复数：we, you and they e.g. You, she and I are in the same school. We, you and they are all from Beijing. 物主代词的用法 1. 形容词性的物主代词起形容词作用, 用来修饰名词, 放在名词前, 不可单独使用 e.g. This is his football. 2. 名词性的物主代词在句中起名词的作用, 可以单独使用, 相当于“形容词性的物主代词＋名词” e.g. Your shoes are white, Mine are black. (Mine=My shoes) 3. 常用的含有物主代词的固定搭配词组 词组 意义 on one’s way (to)… 在某人去…的路上 of one’s own 某人自己的 do one’s homework 做(某人的)作业 to one’s surprise / joy… 令某人感到惊讶/高兴的是… 反身代词的用法 1. 用作宾语或介词短语 e.g. I finished the work by myself. He often says to himself, “ I believe I can!” 2. 用作同位语 e.g. The teacher herself will visit Peter’s parents. 3. 常用的反身代词的固定搭配词组 词组 意义 by oneself 独自 help oneself to… 随便吃… make oneself at home 别拘束, 像在自己家一样 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 hurt oneself 弄伤自己 teach oneself 自学 say to oneself 自言自语 【练习1】 1.Why are you looking at ______ like that? A. I B. mine C. my D. me 2. Andy is my sister. ______ often takes ______ dog for a walk after supper. A. She; her B. He; he’s C. She; hers D. He; his 3. The sweets are for ______. A. I and you B. you and me C. me and you D. you and I 4. My cat is fatter than ______. A. him B. his C. her D. she 5. It’s 6:00. It’s time ______. A. wake up him B. wake him up C. to wake up him D. to wake him up 6. Miss Wang is ______ teacher. She teaches ______ Chinese. A. their; their B. their; them C. them; their D. them; them 7. ______ name is Mimi. ______ a cat. A. Its; It’s B. It’s; Its C. It’s; It’s D. Its; Its 8. --- Are these _________ (they) bags? --- No, they aren’t ________ (their). They are ________ (we). 9. Write down these __________ (hero) names. 10. Sandy and Millie are both good at English. You can ask __________ (they) for help. 【练习2】 ★1. We enjoy __________ (our) on Children’s Day. ★★2. Sandy and Sue, help __________ (you) to some food, please. 考点2 指示代词 1. it / one / that辨析 It, one, that都可以用来代替上文提到的名词 it 和上文同名同物 代替可数单数/ 不可数名词, 复数用them / they one 和上文同名异物 (泛指) 代替可数名词, 相当于a / an + n., 复数用ones that 和上文同名异物 (特指) 代替可数单数 / 不可数名词, 相当于the + n., 复数用those 2. 代词在动副短语和动介短语中的位置 ① 在动词+副词短语中, 若宾语是代词时, 该代词只能放在动词与副词之间, 而不能放在副词后面。如: “把他叫醒” 翻译成wake him up, 而不是wake up him. ② 在动词+介词短语中, 其宾语无论是名词还是代词, 都要放在介词后面。如: “听我说”翻译成listen to me, 而不能翻译成listen me to, get on it (上车), get off it (下车)。 【练习】 1. Look! Here are your shoes. You must ______. A. put it away B. put them away C. put away them D. put away it 2. Look at the new classroom. ______ is bright and very clean. A. That B. One C. It D. He 3. ______ is Sunday today. ______ is a fine day. A. Today; This B. It; That C. It; It D. It; Today 4. --- What’s ______ in the sky? --- It’s a bird. A. it B. that C. this D. those 5. --- Excuse me, I want some books, but I can’t find a bookshop there. --- I know ______ on my way home. Come with me, please. A. this B. it C. that D. one 6. --- I lost my pen. I can’t find ______. --- You can buy a new one. A. / B. it C. one D. that 7. --- ______ your sister have a computer? --- Sorry, I don’t think she has ______. A. Does; it B. Do; it C. Does; one D. Do; one 8. --- Look! This shirt is beautiful. --- ______? A. Why not try on it B. Why not trying it on? C. Why not try it on D. Why not trying on it 9. The talk show on TV is very famous. ______ often makes people laugh. A. That B. It C. This D. One 10. --- Is that an apple? --- ______. It’s an orange. A. Yes, it is B. No, it isn’t C. No, that isn’t D. No, it is 考点3 不定代词 难度星级: ★★★; 1. some, any 不定代词 用法说明 例句 some 一般用于肯定句 You’ll find some in the box. any 多用于疑问, 否定句中 I need some stamps. Are there any in your bag? 【注意】 ①在疑问句中, 若要希望得到对方肯定的回答或表示请求、建议时用some ②any用于肯定句, 后面修饰可数名词单数时, 表示 “任一” e.g. The teacher likes any student in her class. 这位老师喜欢她班级里的每一个学生 2. 复合不定代词 指代 每一 肯定 疑问/否定 否定 人 everyone / everybody someone / somebody anyone / anybody no one / nobody 物 everything something anything nothing 【注意】 修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在它们的后面 e.g. Did anything interesting happen? 【练习】 1. --- Would you like to drink ______ milk? --- Yes, I’d love to. But there isn’t ______ mike in the cup. A. some; some B. some; any C. any; some D. any; any 2. Is there ______ wrong with your watch? A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing 3. If you want to be ______ in the future, you must try your best to study well from now on. A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody 4. The exam is very easy. But I don’t think ______ can pass it. A. anybody B. everybody C. nobody D. somebody 5. --- Do you do ______ to keep yourself healthy? --- Yes, I do. I usually do some exercise every morning. A. useful anything B. useful something C. anything useful D. nothing useful 6. --- Mom, can I have ______ to eat? --- Sorry, there’s ______ in the fridge. A. something; anything B. something; something C. nothing; nothing D. something; nothing 7. --- Did you buy ______ last weekend? --- No, I bought ______. A. something special; anything B. anything special; something C. something special; nothing D. anything special; nothing 8. -When I went back to my hometown, I was nearly lost. Almost ______ changed. A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything 9. --- Is there ______ in the dining room? --- The light is on (开着). I’m sure there is ______ in it. A. anyone; everyone B. someone; anyone C. anyone; someone D. someone; no one 10. Paul and Mike have ______ in common, although they are brothers. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing Part 3 自然拼读（选讲） 发前一个字母音的双元音组合ai、ay、ee、ea、ey、ie、oa、oe 1. ai 在重读音节中发[ei] ： Tail rain paint painter（画家） pain（痛） jail（监狱） rail（铁轨） nail（指甲） maid（女仆） snail（蜗牛） ail（使苦恼） fail（失败） afraid（害怕） raid（袭击） gain（获得） bait（诱饵） wail（痛哭） wait（等待） daily（每天的）。 在非重读音节中发[i]：Britain（英国） 特殊：在Thailand这个单词中ai发[ai]。 2. ay 发[ei] :Bay（海湾） ray（光线、射线、辐射） way（路、办法） hay（干草、床） pay（付款） may（可以、五月） lay（躺） delay（延迟） slay（杀害） gay stay（停留、保持） display（显示） clay（泥土、黏土） relay（中继、转播） play away betray（出卖、背叛） tray（托盘） spray（喷射、扫射） gray（灰色、暗淡） ▼特殊：在says中ay发[e]。 3. ee 发[i:] :Reeds（芦苇） eel（鳗鱼） bee jeep（吉普车） feet（脚、英尺） Peel（果皮、削皮） see teeth sleep（睡觉） flee（逃跑） fleet（舰队） need meet Greece（希腊） breeze（微风） freeze（冷冻） heel（脚后跟） seek（寻找） leek（青蒜） cheese（奶酪） sweet（甜） sweep（扫） speech（演讲、言语） speed（速度） weep（流泪、哭泣） three cheek（脸蛋） sixteen leech（水蛭）。 4. ea 可发[i:]： teach(教) teacher easy cheap（便宜） cheat（欺骗） please tea（茶） sea meat peanut（花生） eagle（鹰） peach（桃子） leaf（叶子） pea（豌豆） lead（领导） flea（跳蚤） ease（容易、放松） each eager（渴望） east（东方） cream（奶油、霜） bean（豆） beam（微笑） peace（和平） reach（到达、够得着） weave（编织） leave（离开、留下） breathe（呼吸） beach（海岸） beast（野兽、畜生） beat（打） 可发[e]： Head sweater（毛衣） sweat（出汗） lead（领导） leather（皮革） feather（羽毛） ready（准备） heavy（沉重的） bread（面包） breakfast（早餐） breast（胸部、乳房） death（死亡） threat（威胁） thread（线、线索） steady（稳定的） already（已经） pleasure（快乐） health（健康） dread（担心、害怕） instead（代替） headache（头痛） meadow（草场、牧场） pleasant（快乐） heaven（天空） wealth（财富） breath（呼吸）。 可发[iə]： Ear（耳朵） hear（听见） realize（实现） real（真实的） ideal（理想的） Korea（韩国） really（真正地） area（地区） 可发[ei] ：Break（中断、休息） great steak（牛排） 5. ey 在重读音节中发[i:] key 在非重读音节中发[i]： Donkey（驴） monkey jockey（赛马骑师、骑马） Turkey（土耳其、火鸡） money（钱） hockey（曲棍球） trolley（手推车） whiskey（威士忌） honey（宝贝、蜂蜜） 但下面单词中的ey发[ei]： Hey（嗨） they prey（掠夺、牺牲者） grey（灰色的） whey（乳清） obey（遵守） convey（表达、传达） survey（调查） 6. ie 位于单词的末尾, 且这个单词只有一个音节, ie发[ai]： tie（领带） pie（馅饼） lie（躺） die（死亡） vie（战争、对手）。 位于单词的中间, ie发[i：]： Piece（片、块） field（领域） receive（接收） yield（生产、获利）believe（相信） belief（信念、信仰） chief（主要的） niece（侄女） achieve（完成、实现、取得）。 在弱音节中ie发[i]： Cookie（饼干） movie（电影） zombie（僵尸） auntie（婶婶、姑姑、姨妈）。 7.oa 发[əu]：road（路） toast（烤面包） toad（蟾蜍） coal（煤） coat soap（香皂） goal（目的） throat（喉咙） coax（哄、诱骗） hoax（欺骗、愚弄） boast（自夸） foam（泡沫） loath（勉强、不愿意） moan（呻吟、抱怨） 。 ▼在以下单词中oa发[ɔ:] Broad（宽广的） abroad（到国外） Broadway（百老汇） 8.oe 发[əu]：doe（母鹿） foe（敌人） hoe（锄头） floe（浮冰） toe（脚趾） 【专题通关】 建议用时: __________ / 实际用时: __________; 准确率: __________ 一、请圈出与其他单词划线部分发音不同的词 1. name date cake salad 2. how brown now yellow 3. time ice trip price 4. which when who why 5. yes you yellow boy 6. cake black kite nice 7. cute bus use music 8. cap happy pig phone 9. house thousand should mouth 10. head bread deaf sea 二、填空题 1. Most of the students in our city go to school by ___________ /baik/. 2. It’s a ___________ /bæd/ habit to put off today’s work till tomorrow. 3. The bus is too __________ /sləu/. Let's take a taxi instead. 4. __________ /weik/ up and dress now. You are late for school. 5. We should say __________ /həˈləʊ/ to our friends when we meet them. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.My dress is yellow. (you) is blue. 2.It’s great for (we) to live together. ★★3.—I wear size 36 shoes. What about you? —Size 40. My shoes are (big) than (your). 4.Linda is behind (I). 5.Tigers are favourite animals. (I) 6.Are there (some) hills in your school? 7.The English teacher teaches (we) in many ways. 8.Daming asked Simon to read the book with (he). 9.People are doing (they) best to protect them. 10.I like to play on the computer. Jenny likes to play with (she) toys. 【阅读天地】 One sunny Sunday morning, Alex and Emma were playing a ball in the park. Their dad was sluing on a bench (长椅) reading a newspaper. After a while Emma stopped. She walked over to Alex. “It’s too hot,” she told him,“I wish had my sun hat.” Alex agreed,“I wish I had my hat, too.” Emma saw Dad folding (折叠) his newspaper. “I have an idea,” she said. Emma asked Dad for two pages. She folded each page a few times. Then she put one on Alex’s head. She put the other one on her head. Alex smiled, “This paper hat is nice!” They sat down next to Dad and watched everyone in the park. Some people were having a picnic. Some were playing. And some were walling their pets. A moment later, it became windy. Some people started flying kites. “I wish I had a kite,” Emma said, watching a butterfly kite in the wind. “Or a plane.” Alex said, pointing (指向) to a toy plane. “I have an idea.” Emma took of her hat. She folded it another way. “A paper airplane!” Alex folded his hat into a plane, too. They threw their planes into the air. Emma’s plane flew past Alex’s plane. Emma laughed “I won.” They flew their planes until they heard thunder (雷声). “Let’s go,” Dad said. “Or we’ll need a boat to get out of here.” “Hmm,” Emma said. “I have an idea.” Emma folded both planes another way. Then they left, after Emma put two paper boats on the bench. 21. What are the three things Emma made with paper? a. paper hats b. paper airplanes c. paper kites d. paper boats A. abc B. bcd C. acd D. abd 22.. Why did Emma and Alex leave the park? A. They were very tired. B. The weather was getting bad. C. It was time for lunch. D. Dad finished the newspaper. 23. What is the best title for the passage? A. Playing with paper B. A beautiful park C. Activities in the park D. A happy family 答案 第二讲 辅音音标、代词 【辅音过关检测参考答案】 第一关: 1. coat 2. taxi 3. sea 4. full 5. sit 6. chair 7. cloth 8. fan 第二关: 1. stay 2. drive 3. cook 4. lick 5. desk 第三关: 1. shell; ship 2. pleasure; treasure 3. chair; China 4. job; cabbage 5. grass; start 第四关: 1. pick 2. window 3. fan 4. watch 5. van 第五关: 1. dream; drink 2. truck; trash 3. beds; words 4. birds; friends 5. drug; drain 第六关: head right light tail cool ring moon ham /hɑ:t/ /heə/ /hɔ:s/ /sku:l/ 第七关: nice watch water bank ring yard yip /jɔ:/ /bæŋk/ /θɪŋk/ /nəuz/ /reɪn/ 【人称物主反身代词参考答案】 【练习1】 1-5. DABBD 6-7. BA 8. their; theirs; ours 9. heroes’ 10. them 【练习2】1. ourselves 2. yourselves 【指示代词参考答案】1-5. BCCBD 6-10. BCCBB 【不定代词参考答案】1-5 BCABC 6-10 DDCCD 【专题通关】 【参考答案】 一、salad;yellow;trip;who;boy;nice;bus;phone;should;sea 二、bike;bad;slow;Wake;hello 三、1.Yours 2.us 3.bigger yours 4.me 5.my 6.any 7.us 8.him 9.their 10.her 【阅读参考答案】21. D 22. B 23. A ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$