精品解析：福建省厦门双十中学2023-2024学年高二下学期第二次月考英语试题

厦门双十中学2023—2024 学年高二年第二学期月考（二） 英语试卷 June 12, 2024 满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟 第一卷（选择题, 共95分） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1 What will the man do tonight? A. Offer a recipe. B. Make some cookies. C. Go to a bakery. 2. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. On a bus. B. In a hotel. C. At the seaside. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. Weather forecast. B. A vacation plan. C. Outdoor activities. 4. What does the woman want to watch? A. Evening news. B. A sports game. C. A quiz show. 5. How does the woman feel about the store? A. It has many choices. B. The prices there are low. C. Most of its assistants are helpful. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Who is the man? A. A part-time salesman. B. A local author. C. A physics teacher. 7. What do we know about the physics section? A. It is newly-opened. B. It is restricted to members. C. It has increased its collection. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What is the major problem of the repair? A. The man has a tight schedule. B. The woman can’t find the right place. C. The replacement parts are hard to get. 9. What will the man do next? A. Buy a new bike. B. Check the cost. C. Deliver the supplies. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What are the speakers discussing? A. A competitive market. B. Various product models. C. Last month’s product sales. 11. What does the woman say about TV commercials? A. They ran for 5 months. B. They are successful. C. They cost a lot. 12. What does the man suggest? A. Having a meeting. B. Talking with the president. C. Reviewing the report together. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What is the woman doing? A. Introducing an art form. B. Hosting a program. C. Giving a lecture. 14. How do visitors attend indoor events at the Uitmarkt? A. By booking tickets in advance. B By buying a pass for the entire weekend. C. By entering freely before the doors are closed. 15. Why do performers offer their services at the Uitmarkt? A. To attract audience to future performances. B. To enhance their own talent and skills. C. To give their support to local artists. 16. What impressed Roland about the Uitmarkt’s organization? A. Various performances. B. Efficient waste clearing. C. Convenient transportation. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What did people worry about concerning the post office? A. It would be closed down. B. It would be expensive to run. C. It would be moved out of Scotland. 18. Why did the Fords want to come back home? A. To start a company. B. To look after their mothers. C. To do business with a company. 19. When did the Fords decide to make an offer for the post office? A. Once they had completed their research. B. Immediately after viewing the listing. C. After taking advice from their mothers. 20. What do the Fords expect? A. To cut back postal services. B. To build a new community. C. To receive more visitors. 第二部分 阅读理解（共2节, 满分50分） 第一节（共15小题, 每题2.5分, 满分37.5分） A The Role of Crowdfunding in Business Growth Crowdfunding is a fundraising method that makes use of the power of the Internet and social networks. It involves raising small amounts of money from a large number of individuals or investors, typically through online platforms. These platforms connect entrepreneurs (创业者) with potential backers who contribute funds to support a specific project, business, or idea. Types of Crowdfunding Reward-Based Crowdfunding—Backers get a reward, such as a product sample or easy access, in exchange for their contribution. This model is popular for startups and creative projects. Equity (股权) Crowdfunding—Investors receive shares or equity in the business in exchange for their funding. This model is ideal for small businesses looking to raise substantial capital and is subject to specific regulations. Debt Crowdfunding—Entrepreneurs borrow money from backers and agree to repay it with interest over time. This model is similar to a loan and is suitable for businesses with a clear repayment plan. Tips for a Successful Crowdfunding Campaign Set clear goals: Define your funding goal, the purpose of the funds, and how you’ll use the money. Persuasive story: Make an appealing and genuine story about your business. Explain why it matters and how backers’ contributions will make a difference. Engage your network: Mobilize your existing network of friends, family, and professional contacts to support your campaign. Their initial contributions can build momentum (动力). Transparency: Be transparent and honest about your project’s progress and any challenges you encounter. Backers appreciate honesty. Fulfill promises: Once your campaign is successful, fulfill your promises to backers timely and communicate regularly. 1. According to the passage, which of the following is accurate about crowdfunding? A. Reward-Based Crowdfunding is the most popular type of crowdfunding. B. Backers can get the same kinds of rewards in the three types of crowdfunding. C. Crowdfunding is a fundraising technique that relies on offline platforms. D Debt Crowdfunding is fit for businesses with a specific repayment schedule. 2 The 4th tip “Transparency” probably means “________”. A. carefulness B. perseverance C. frankness D. optimism 3. The owners of Exploding Kittens, a card game corporation established six years ago, plan to raise a large sum of capital to start a promotion campaign. They are highly recommended to ________. A. prefer Reward-Based Crowdfunding to Equity Crowdfunding B. draft an attractive story about the campaign based on real information C. realize their promises to backers on time even if the campaign is a failure D. compare the initial support provided by different existing contacts 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了众筹在企业发展中的作用、类型以及成功进行众筹活动的技巧。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Types of Crowdfunding的“Debt Crowdfunding—Entrepreneurs borrow money from backers and agree to repay it with interest over time. This model is similar to a loan and is suitable for businesses with a clear repayment plan.(债务众筹——企业家向支持者借钱，并同意在一段时间内连本带利偿还。这种模式类似于贷款，适用于有明确还款计划的企业。)”可知，债务众筹适用于有特定还款计划的企业。故选D。 【2题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的“Be transparent and honest about your project’s progress and any challenges you encounter. Backers appreciate honesty.(对项目的进展和遇到的任何挑战保持透明和诚实。支持者欣赏诚实。) ”可知，对支持者做到直率坦诚是有益的，则划线词意为“坦诚”，故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据Tips for a Successful Crowdfunding Campaign的“Persuasive story: Make an appealing and genuine story about your business. Explain why it matters and how backers’ contributions will make a difference.(有说服力的故事：为你的公司编一个吸引人的真实故事。解释为什么它很重要，以及支持者的贡献将如何产生影响。)”可知，如果6年前成立的纸牌游戏公司“爆炸小猫”的老板们计划筹集一大笔资金来开展促销活动，强烈推荐他们应该编写一个吸引人的、基于真实信息的宣传活动故事，这样可以吸引潜在的支持者。故选B。 B I used to think I was a good person. I was caring to my friends, my partner, my family; I gave to charity and I volunteered. But when I started training to become a therapist (治疗师), I began to understand that however much we might like to think of ourselves as good people, we don’t actually know ourselves very well. I learned about how we might, without consciously realizing it, deny the feelings and motivations we consider to be bad, pushing them down into our unconscious and projecting them out on to others, so they become the bad people. I learned that deep in the human mind, alongside love and kindness, run currents of anger, need, greed, envy, destructiveness, superiority — whether we want to acknowledge them or not. It was 22-year-old Boru who taught me what it really means to be a good grown up. We first spoke two years ago. He was unemployed, living with his parents, watching his friends’ lives progress. A good grown-up, he told me, is “someone who has his ducks in a row” — and that wasn’t him. I also didn’t feel like the competent, confident grown-up I thought I should be — and neither did most of the adults I knew. I researched statistics about people hitting the traditional landmarks of adulthood later and later, if at all — from buying a home to getting married or starting a family. I recognized what made me feel like a bad grown-up: that I’ll sit with a broken fridge rather than call an engineer to repair it. Then I saw Boru again. He told me how, over two years, he’d found a job he loves, rented a flat with a friend. He’s now cycling round the world, having adventures that will keep him strong for the rest of his life. So what changed? “You start to have those conversations with yourself, and you become more of an honest person. I don’t feel like I’m hiding from anything anymore, because I’m not hiding from myself.” I think growing up must involve finding your own way to have those conversations. Boru does it on his bike, I do it in psychoanalysis, others I spoke to do it while cooking or playing music. That, for Boru, and for me, is what it means to “have his ducks in a row”. 4. What does the first paragraph imply about understanding ourselves? A. Recognizing our positive traits is enough for growth. B. Our understanding of our motives and feelings is accurate. C. True self-awareness means accepting both good and bad sides. D. Ignoring our negative traits does not affect our self-perception. 5. What critical lesson did the author learn from Boru about being a good grown-up? A. It involves having a clear career path and financial stability. B. It requires constant self-improvement and education. C. It means being employed and living independently. D. It is like a journey of self-discovery and honesty. 6. What does the author identify as a reason for feeling like an inadequate adult? A. Escaping basic responsibilities. B. Delaying reaching traditional life milestones. C. Comparing personal achievements to others. D. Investigating changing patterns of adult life. 7. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Why Hide Harms B. How to Be Better Adults C. Why Growing up Matters D. How to Have Effective Conversations 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者通过自我反思，并从22岁的博鲁身上学会了如何做一个好成年人。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I learned that deep in the human mind, alongside love and kindness, run currents of anger, need, greed, envy, destructiveness, superiority—whether we want to acknowledge them or not. (我了解到，在人类的内心深处，除了爱和善良之外，还有愤怒、需要、贪婪、嫉妒、破坏性和优越感——无论我们是否愿意承认它们。)”可知，了解我们自己意味着接受自己好的一面和坏的一面。故选C。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的““You start to have those conversations with yourself, and you become more of an honest person. I don’t feel like I’m hiding from anything anymore, because I’m not hiding from myself.” (“你开始与自己进行这些对话，你变得更诚实了。我不再觉得我在隐瞒任何事情，因为我没有隐瞒自己。”)可知，博鲁教会了作者，成为一个好成年人就像是一次自我发现和诚实的旅程。故选D。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ I recognized what made me feel like a bad grown-up: that I’ll sit with a broken fridge rather than call an engineer to repair it. (我意识到是什么让我觉得自己像个坏成年人：我会坐在一个坏冰箱旁边，而不是叫工程师来修理它。)”可知，作者感觉自己像个不称职的成年人，因为他逃避了基本责任。故选A。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“It was 22-year-old Boru who taught me what it really means to be a good grown up. (是22岁的博鲁教会了我做一个好成年人的真正意义。)”以及最后一段中的“I think growing up must involve finding your own way to have those conversations. (我认为成长过程中必须找到自己的方式来进行这些对话。)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了如何成为一个好的成年人。故选B。 C From Marie Tussaud’s Chamber of Horrors to Disneyland’s Haunted Mansion (鬼屋) to horror-themed escape rooms, haunted house attractions have terrified and delighted audiences around the world for more than 200 years. These attractions turn out to be good places to study fear. They help scientists understand the body’s response to fright and how we perceive some situations as enjoyably thrilling and others as truly terrible. One surprising finding: having friends close at hand in a haunted house might make you more jumpy, not less so. Psychologist and study co-author Sarah Tashjian, who is now at the University of Melbourne, and her team conducted their research with 156 adults, who each wore a wireless wrist sensor during their visit. The sensor measured skin responses linked to the body’s reactions to stress and other situations. When the sensor picked up, for example, greater skin conductance — that is, the degree to which the skin can transmit an electric current — that was a sign that the body was more aroused and ready for fight or flight. In addition to this measure, people reported their expected fear (on a scale of 1 to 10) before entering the haunted house and their experienced fear (on the same scale) after completing the haunt. The scientists found that people who reported greater fear also showed heightened skin responses. Being with friends, Tashjian and her colleagues further found, increased physiological arousal during the experience, which was linked to stronger feelings of fright. In fact, the fear response was actually weaker when people went through the house in the presence of strangers. Other investigators have used haunted houses to understand how fear and enjoyment can coexist. In a 2020 study led by Marc Malmdorf Andersen, a member of the Recreational Fear Lab at Aarhus University in Denmark, scientists joined forces with Dystopia Haunted House. The Danish attraction includes such terrifying experiences as being chased by “Mr. Piggy”, a large, chain-saw-wielding man wearing a bloody butcher’s apron and pig mask. People between the ages of 12 and 57 were video recorded at peak moments during the attraction, wore heart-rate monitors throughout and reported on their experience. People’s fright was tied to large-scale heart-rate fluctuations; their enjoyment was linked to small-scale ones. The results suggest that fear and enjoyment can happen together when physiological arousal is balanced “just right”. 8. Studying haunted house attractions helps scientists to learn about ________. A. the psychological effects of fear on individuals B. the history of horror-themed entertainment C. the body’s response to material rewards D. the impact of technology on people’s enjoyment 9. How did Sarah Tashjian and her team conduct their research on haunted house experiences? A. By surveying participants. B. By analyzing historical records. C. By employing wireless wrist sensors. D. By using virtual reality simulations. 10. What did Tashjian and her colleagues discover in their study? A. Being with friends elevated level of physiological arousal. B. The fear reaction was stronger in the company of strangers. C. Psychological effect was unrelated to intensified feelings of fright. D. Those reporting lightened fear showed increased skin responses. 11. It can be concluded from the 2020 study led by Marc Malmdorf Andersen that ________. A. fear and enjoyment can not happen at the same time B. large-scale heart-rate fluctuations were linked to enjoyment C. the age of the participants was not related to the study’s findings D. fear and enjoyment can coexist under certain conditions 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. A 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鬼屋景点帮助科学家了解恐惧对个体的心理影响，一项研究发现，在鬼屋景点里，身边有朋友可能会导致人更加紧张。另一项研究发现，当生理刺激“恰到好处”地平衡时，恐惧和快乐可以同时发生。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“These attractions turn out to be good places to study fear. They help scientists understand the body’s response to fright and how we perceive some situations as enjoyably thrilling and others as truly terrible. (事实证明，这些景点是研究恐惧的好地方。它们帮助科学家了解身体对恐惧的反应，以及我们如何将某些情况视为令人愉快的刺激，而另一些情况则是真正可怕的)”可知，研究鬼屋景点帮助科学家了解恐惧对个体的心理影响。故选A项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Psychologist and study co-author Sarah Tashjian, who is now at the University of Melbourne, and her team conducted their research with 156 adults, who each wore a wireless wrist sensor during their visit. The sensor measured skin responses linked to the body’s reactions to stress and other situations. (目前在墨尔本大学工作的心理学家、研究报告的合著者Sarah Tashjian和她的团队对156名成年人进行了研究，在参观期间他们每人都戴上了无线手腕传感器。传感器测量皮肤对压力和其他情况的反应)”可知，Sarah Tashjian和她的团队通过使用无线手腕传感器对鬼屋体验进行了研究。故选C项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Being with friends, Tashjian and her colleagues further found, increased physiological arousal during the experience, which was linked to stronger feelings of fright. (Tashjian和她的同事进一步发现，与朋友在一起时，生理上的刺激水平会增加，这与更强烈的恐惧感有关)”可知，Tashjian和她的同事发现和朋友在一起会提高生理刺激水平。故选A项。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The results suggest that fear and enjoyment can happen together when physiological arousal is balanced “just right”. (结果表明，当生理刺激“恰到好处”地平衡时，恐惧和快乐可以同时发生)”可知，这项2020年的研究表明恐惧和快乐在一定条件下可以共存。故选D项。 D Hundreds of people die at sea every year due to ship and airplane accidents. Emergency teams have little time to rescue those in the water because the probability of finding a person alive falls dramatically after six hours. Beyond tides and challenging weather conditions, unsteady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult. New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. “Our work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications. In today’s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time. Haller’s research team obtained mathematical results predicting that objects floating on the ocean’s surface should gather along a few special curves (曲线) which they call TRansient Attracting Profiles (TRAPs). These curves can’t be seen with our eyes but can be tracked from instant ocean surface current data using recent mathematical methods developed by the ETH team. This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident. In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller. “Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret, and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. Haller stresses: “Our hope is that this method will become a standard part of the tool kit of coast guards everywhere.” 12. In a search and rescue operation, ________. A. the survival rate drops to almost zero after six hours B. the use of dynamics leads to the wrong location C. weather conditions are a determining factor D. changing currents present a challenge 13. The main significance of the new algorithm is ________. A. accurately predicting weather conditions during rescue operations B. dependence on satellite technology to locate distressed individuals at sea C. cost-effective, efficient tracking of objects and individuals in coastal waters D. predicting the exact time and location of ocean accidents 14. Paragraph 5 mainly talks about ________. A. the collection of data B. the testing of the algorithm C. the identification of the TRAPs D. the cooperation of two research teams 15. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. How Mathematics Can Save Lives at Sea B. How Coastal Waters Affect Saving Lives C. Why Algorithms Are Popular in Rescue Operations D. Why Success Rates of Rescue Operations Have Fallen 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍苏黎世联邦理工学院非线性动力学教授George Haller领导的一个国际研究小组利用动力系统理论和海洋数据中的工具，开发了一种算法以预测漂浮在水中的物体和人将去哪里，有望增强目前使用的海上搜救技术。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“In today’s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time. (在当今的海上救援行动中，复杂的海洋动力学和天气预报模型被用来预测漂浮物体的路径。然而，对于快速变化的沿海水域，由于边界不确定和数据缺失，这种预测往往不准确。因此，搜索可能会在错误的位置启动，从而造成宝贵的时间损失。)”可知，在搜救行动中，不断变化的洋流是一个很大的挑战。故选D。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident. (这使得能够快速准确地规划搜索路径，而搜索路径对事故发生时间和地点的不确定性不太敏感。)”和最后一段““Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret, and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. (Serra指出：“我们的结果获得得很快，易于解释，而且执行成本低廉。”)”可知，新算法可以对沿海水域中的物体和个人进行成本低但却高效的跟踪。故选C。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第五段“In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller. (ETH团队与麻省理工学院的一个团队合作，在美国东北海岸玛莎葡萄园附近的两个独立海洋实验中测试了他们新的基于TRAP的搜索算法。该团队利用海岸警卫队可用的相同实时数据，成功地实时识别了该地区的TRAP。他们发现，扔到水中的浮标和人体模型确实很快沿着这些新出现的曲线聚集起来。Haller说：“在这个项目中测试的几种竞争方法中，这是唯一一种始终找到正确位置的算法。”)”可知，这一段主要介绍这项算法的测试。故选B。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. “Our work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications. (苏黎世联邦理工学院非线性动力学教授George Haller领导的一个国际研究小组对海岸流的新见解有望增强目前使用的搜救技术。该团队利用动力系统理论和海洋数据中的工具，开发了一种算法来预测漂浮在水中的物体和人的去向。最近发表在《自然通讯》上的一项研究的第一作者Mattia Serra说：“我们的工作显然有可能挽救生命。”)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍苏黎世联邦理工学院非线性动力学教授George Haller领导的一个国际研究小组利用动力系统理论和海洋数据中的工具，开发了一种算法以预测漂浮在水中的物体和人将去哪里，有望增强目前使用的海上搜救技术。故选A。 第二节（共5小题, 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分） 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 We humans are comparison creatures. ____16____ This quality may have evolved as a means of helping us fit into the social hierarchy (等级) of the cultures we inhabited. Regardless of the reasons, social comparison plays a significant role in how we view and evaluate ourselves, and how we interact with our world. It used to be that our primary reference of comparison was our local communities, primarily neighbors and co-workers. Because we tend to gather around those similar to ourselves in terms of educational level, work income, and shared interests, the range of differences when we compared ourselves to others was fairly small. Unfortunately, with the emergence of the Internet, we can now compare ourselves to literally anyone in the world. ____17____ What had in previous generations been a small gap in our comparisons has now become so large and unattainable. ____18____ When so many people that are easily discoverable on the Internet seem to be so successful. famous, influential and beautiful, given our preference to compare, it is difficult not to have it influence how we view ourselves. Sadly, these comparisons usually result in our feeling inadequate and “less than”. These harmful comparisons also damage our emotional lives. When we feel lacking, we experience a variety of unpleasant and unhealthy emotions. We feel jealousy and envy for what others have and what we lack. ____19____ It’s one thing to realize that you compare yourself to others. It’s another thing to recognize that social comparison is often corrosive (逐步侵蚀的) to you in so many ways psychologically and emotionally. It’s an entirely other thing to stop yourself from comparing yourself to others. ____20____ A. We are constantly measuring ourselves against other people. B. Yet it is possible, and it is worth the effort for your mental health. C. Thus, we are now exposed to groups that are quite different from us. D. We believe that there is something wrong with us compared to others. E. We can even feel bitterness and anger at others for the unfairness of it all. F. Comparing ourselves to others has the potential to increase our life experience. G. This new level of comparison has huge implications for our psychological lives. 【答案】16. A 17. C 18. G 19. E 20. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人类生来喜爱比较，但互联网让人们比较的范围变得更大，对人们的生活也产生了一定影响。 【16题详解】 根据上文“We humans are comparison creatures.(我们人类是比较动物)”以及后文“This quality may have evolved as a means of helping us fit into the social hierarchy (等级) of the cultures we inhabited.(这种品质可能是作为一种帮助我们融入我们所居住的文化的社会等级制度的手段而进化的)”可知，上文提到了人类是比较动物，且后文提到比较这种品质，可知本句主要对比较动物进行展开说明，说明人类爱和别人比较。故A选项“我们总是拿自己和别人比较”符合语境，故选A。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Unfortunately, with the emergence of the Internet, we can now compare ourselves to literally anyone in the world.(不幸的是，随着互联网的出现，我们现在可以将自己与世界上的任何人进行比较)”以及后文“What had in previous generations been a small gap in our comparisons has now become so large and unattainable.(在我们的比较中，前几代人的小差距现在变得如此之大，难以企及)”可知，上文提到了互联网让我们可以和世界上的任何人进行比较，且后文提到了前几代人的小差距现在变得如此之大，说明互联网导致比较的群体发生了变化，C选项“因此，我们现在接触到的群体与我们完全不同”符合语境，故选C。 【18题详解】 根据后文内容“When so many people that are easily discoverable on the Internet seem to be so successful. famous, influential and beautiful, given our preference to compare, it is difficult not to have it influence how we view ourselves. Sadly, these comparisons usually result in our feeling inadequate and “less than”.(当这么多在互联网上很容易被发现的人看起来很成功的时候。名气、影响力和美貌，考虑到我们喜欢攀比，很难不影响我们对自己的看法。可悲的是，这些比较通常会导致我们感觉不足和“不如”)”可知，后文提到了互联网的比较影响了我们对自己的看法，导致我们感觉不足和“不如”，说明这种比较对我们的心理产生了影响。故G选项“这种新的比较水平对我们的心理生活有着巨大的影响”符合语境，故选G。 【19题详解】 根据上文“These harmful comparisons also damage our emotional lives. When we feel lacking, we experience a variety of unpleasant and unhealthy emotions. We feel jealousy and envy for what others have and what we lack.(这些有害的比较也会损害我们的情感生活。当我们感到匮乏时，我们会经历各种不愉快和不健康的情绪。我们对别人所拥有的和我们所缺乏的感到嫉妒和羡慕)”可知，本段的主旨是有害的比较会损害情感生活，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，主要说明对别人的比较产生的一些负面情绪。故E选项“我们甚至会对别人的不公平感到痛苦和愤怒”符合语境，故选E。 【20题详解】 根据上文“It’s one thing to realize that you compare yourself to others. It’s another thing to recognize that social comparison is often corrosive (逐步侵蚀的) to you in so many ways psychologically and emotionally. It’s an entirely other thing to stop yourself from comparing yourself to others.(意识到你和别人比较是一回事。认识到社会比较通常在心理和情感上对你有多方面的腐蚀性是另一回事。阻止自己和别人比较完全是另一回事)”可知，上文提到了阻止自己和别人进行比较是另一回事，本句为本段最后一句，故说明阻止自己和别人比较所带来的影响，故B选项“但这是可能的，而且为了你的心理健康，这是值得的”符合语境，故选B。 第三部分 语言知识运用 第一节 完形填空（共15题, 每题1分, 满分15分） Many of the world’s islands were previously unexplored places, but over time, people have come to these places with far-reaching effects, including deforestation, over-hunting and the introduction of invasive species. _____21_____, most of the bird species disappeared. While the death of many birds since the 1500s has been _____22_____, our knowledge of the fate of species before this relies on fossils, and these records are limited because birds’ lightweight bones are ____23____ over time. This conceals (隐瞒) the true _____24_____ of global extinctions. Researchers now believe 1,430 bird species — almost 12 per cent — have died out over modern human history since around 130,000 years ago, with the vast majority of them becoming extinct directly or indirectly ____25____ human activity. The study, led by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) and published in Nature Communications, used statistical modelling to ____26____ the undiscovered bird extinctions. Lead author Dr Rob Cooke, an ecological modeler at UKCEH, says: “Our study demonstrates there has been a far higher ____27____ impact on diversity than previously recognized. Humans quickly destroyed bird populations through habitat loss, over-exploitation, and the introduction of rats, pigs, and dogs, which attacked the birds’ nests, and _____28_____ with birds for food. We show that many species became extinct before written records and left no _____29_____, lost from history.” Dr Soren Faurby of the University of Gothenburg, a co-author of the study, adds: “These historic extinctions have had a major impact on the current biodiversity crisis. The world may not only have lost many fascinating birds but also their varied _____30_____ roles, which are likely to have included key functions such as pollination (授粉). This will have had knock-on effects on ecosystems, so, ______31______ bird extinctions, we will have lost a lot of plants and animals that ______32______ these species for survival.” Observations and fossils show 640 bird species have been driven extinct — 90 per cent of these on islands ______33______ by people. These ______34______ from the iconic Dodo of Mauritius to the Great Auk of the North Atlantic to the lesser-known Saint Helena Giant Hoopoe. But the researchers estimate there have been further 790 unknown extinctions, meaning a total of 1,430 lost species — leaving just under 11,000 today. Therefore, from the perspective of protecting species ______35______, the protection of birds is an urgent issue for mankind. 21. A. In other words B. On average C. As a consequence D. In short 22. A. confirmed B. recorded C. abandoned D. discussed 23. A. distracted B. disposed C. dismissed D. decomposed 24. A. extent B. context C. outcome D. influence 25. A. due to B. other than C. instead of D. in spite of 26. A. declare B. illustrate C. estimate D. emphasize 27. A. climate B. human C. environmental D. natural 28. A. connected B. coped C. lived D. competed 29 A. trace B. route C. change D. chaos 30. A. interactive B. ecological C. productive D. social 31. A. in terms of B. because of C. except for D. in addition to 32. A. count on B. cooperate with C. fight against D. keep off 33. A. inhabited B. removed C. developed D. killed 34. A. result B. range C. suffer D. date 35. A. origin B. project C. growth D. diversity 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. A 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究表明，人类活动对鸟类多样性影响严重，直接或间接地导致了大量鸟类灭绝。这意味着世界可能不仅失去了许多迷人的鸟类，而且失去了它们各种各样的生态作用，也将对生态系统产生连锁反应。 【21题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：结果，大多数鸟类消失了。A. In other words换句话说；B. On average平均；C. As a consequence结果；D. In short简而言之。上文“people have come to these places with far-reaching effects, including deforestation, over-hunting and the introduction of invasive species”提到人类产生了深远的影响，包括森林砍伐、过度狩猎和入侵物种的引入，下文“most of the bird species disappeared”提到大多数鸟类消失了，前后为因果关系，前为原因，后为结果。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然自16世纪以来有许多鸟类死亡的记录，但我们对这之前物种命运的了解依赖于化石，而且这些记录是有限的，因为鸟类的轻质骨骼会随着时间的推移而分解。A. confirmed确认；B. recorded记录；C. abandoned遗弃；D. discussed讨论。根据下文“these records are limited”可知，此处指自16世纪以来有许多鸟类死亡的记录。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然自16世纪以来有许多鸟类死亡的记录，但我们对这之前物种命运的了解依赖于化石，而且这些记录是有限的，因为鸟类的轻质骨骼会随着时间的推移而分解。A. distracted使分心；B. disposed处理；C. dismissed解雇；D. decomposed分解。根据上文“birds’ lightweight bones”和下文“over time”可推知，鸟类的轻质骨骼会随着时间的推移而分解。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这掩盖了全球物种灭绝的真实程度。A. extent程度；B. context上下文；C. outcome结果；D. influence影响。根据上文“our knowledge of the fate of species before this relies on fossils, and these records are limited”可知，我们对鸟类命运的了解依赖于化石，而且这些记录是有限的，因此全球物种灭绝的真实程度会被掩盖。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：研究人员现在认为，自大约13万年前以来，1430种鸟类——近12%——在现代人类历史上已经灭绝，其中绝大多数是直接或间接由于人类活动而灭绝的。A. due to由于；B. other than除了；C. instead of代替；D. in spite of尽管。根据上文“with the vast majority of them becoming extinct directly or indirectly”和下文“human activity”可推知，此处介绍鸟类灭绝的原因，指其中绝大多数是直接或间接由于人类活动而灭绝的。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项由英国生态与水文中心（UKCEH）领导并发表在《自然通讯》上的研究使用统计模型来估计未被发现的鸟类灭绝。A. declare宣布；B. illustrate说明；C. estimate估计；D. emphasize强调。根据上文“used statistical modelling to”和下文“the undiscovered bird extinctions”可推知，此处介绍该研究的研究方法，应该是用统计模型来估计未被发现的鸟类灭绝。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究表明，人类对生物多样性的影响远比之前认识到的要大。A. climate气候；B. human人类；C. environmental环境的；D. natural自然的。根据下文“Humans quickly destroyed bird populations through habitat loss, over-exploitation, and the introduction of rats, pigs, and dogs, which attacked the birds’ nests, and _____8_____ with birds for food.”可知，人类迅速摧毁了鸟类种群，因此是人类对生物多样性的影响远比之前认识到的要大。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人类迅速摧毁了鸟类种群，由于栖息地的丧失，过度的开发，以及老鼠、猪和狗的引入，这些动物袭击了鸟类的巢穴，并与鸟类争夺食物。A. connected连接；B. coped应对；C. lived居住；D. competed竞争。根据上文“the introduction of rats, pigs, and dogs, which attacked the birds’ nests”可知，老鼠、猪和狗会袭击了鸟类的巢穴，再结合下文“with birds for food”可推知，它们还会与鸟类争夺食物。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们发现，许多物种在有文字记载之前就灭绝了，没有留下任何痕迹，从历史中消失了。A. trace痕迹；B. route路线；C. change变化；D. chaos混乱。根据上文“many species became extinct before written records”可知，许多物种在有文字记载之前就灭绝了，因此是没有留下任何痕迹。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：世界可能不仅失去了许多迷人的鸟类，而且失去了它们各种各样的生态作用，其中可能包括授粉等关键功能。A. interactive交互的；B. ecological生态的；C. productive生产的；D. social社会的。根据下文“which are likely to have included key functions such as pollination (授粉)”可知，鸟类具有授粉等关键功能，因此是指它们各种各样的生态作用。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：这将对生态系统产生连锁反应，因此，除了鸟类灭绝外，我们还将失去许多依赖这些物种生存的动植物。A. in terms of就……而言；B. because of因为；C. except for除了；D. in addition to除了……之外（还有）。根据下文“bird extinctions, we will have lost a lot of plants and animals that _____12_____ these species for survival”可知，此处介绍对生态系统的连锁反应，是除了鸟类灭绝外，我们还会遭遇其他损失。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这将对生态系统产生连锁反应，因此，除了鸟类灭绝外，我们还将失去许多依赖这些物种生存的动植物。A. count on依赖；B. cooperate with与……合作；C. fight against对抗；D. keep off避开。根据上文“we will have lost a lot of plants and animals”和下文“these species for survival”可推知，我们失去的是许多依赖这些物种生存的动植物。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：观察和化石显示，640种鸟类已经灭绝，其中90%是在有人居住的岛屿上灭绝的。A. inhabited居住；B. removed移除；C. developed发展；D. killed杀害。根据上文“Many of the world’s islands were previously unexplored places, but over time, people have come to these places with far-reaching effects, including deforestation, over-hunting and the introduction of invasive species.”可知，人们来到许多之前未开发的岛屿，产生了深远的影响，因此此处指在有人居住的岛屿上鸟类灭绝。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从毛里求斯标志性的渡渡鸟到北大西洋的大海雀，再到鲜为人知的圣赫勒拿岛巨鸟。A. result导致；B. range（在一定范围内）变动；C. suffer遭受；D. date确定年代。根据下文“from the iconic Dodo of Mauritius to the Great Auk of the North Atlantic to the lesser-known Saint Helena Giant Hoopoe”可知，此处是介绍鸟类灭绝的范围，应该是从毛里求斯的标志性渡渡鸟到北大西洋的大海雀，再到鲜为人知的圣赫勒拿岛巨鸟。固定短语range from… to…意为“范围从……到……”。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，从保护物种多样性的角度来看，保护鸟类是人类迫切需要解决的问题。A. origin起源；B. project项目；C. growth成长；D. diversity多样性。根据上文“Our study demonstrates there has been a far higher ____7____ impact on diversity than previously recognized.”可知，该研究显示了生物多样性被影响的程度，由此推知，此处指从保护物种多样性的角度来看。故选D。 第二卷( 非选择题 共55分) 答案请工整地写在答题卡上 第一节 单句语法填空 （共15题, 每题1分, 满分15分） 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，使句子形式准确，意义完整。 36. They will hold a meeting to discuss the ________ (restrict) laws. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】restrictive 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们将举行一次会议，讨论限制性的法律。空处作修饰laws的定语，应用形容词restrictive，意为“限制（性）的”。故填restrictive。 37. Building a ________ (harmony) society is our common goal. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】harmonious 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：构建和谐社会是我们的共同目标。空格处修饰society，用形容词作定语，harmony对应的形容词为harmonious，意思为：和谐的。故填harmonious。 38. He said after a short space of silence he ________ (consider) the problem again. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would consider 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他沉默了片刻后说他会重新考虑这个问题。分析句子可知，此处为宾语从句中谓语动词的填入，根据主句动词said以及从句句意和again可知，此处从句为表示将来的动作，所以为过去将来时。故填would consider。 39. They need to be ________ (tolerate) of different points of view. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】tolerant 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们需要包容不同的观点。作表语，应用形容词tolerant。故填tolerant。 40. There is some doubt ________ he’ll keep his promise. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whether 【解析】 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：他是否会遵守诺言还有些疑问。空处引导名词性从句作doubt的同位语，同位语从句的成分完整，结合句意可知，空处需表达“是否”，应用连接词whether作引导词。故填whether。 41. Under the agreement, ________ (release) of cancer-causing chemicals have been cut by about 60 percent. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】releases 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：根据该协议，致癌化学物质的释放已经减少了约60%。空处作主语，结合have可知，主语为复数，release应用复数形式releases。故填releases。 42. The house that is being built should be ________ (habit) by the new year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】habitable 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：正在建造的房子到新年时应该可以住人了。结合“that is being built”可知，空处描述主语的性质，应用形容词habitable，意为“可居住的，适于居住的”，作表语。故填habitable。 43. Having undergone something miserable, he did not fall asleep, turning ________ in bed from time to time. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】over 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：由于经历了一些痛苦的事情，他没有睡着，在床上不时地翻来覆去。根据“he did not fall asleep”可知，此处用固定短语turn over表示“翻身”。故填over。 44. Look after your personal ________(belong) while waiting for the bus. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】belongings 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：等车时请保管好你的个人物品。空处作look after的宾语，用名词，此处表示“所有物，财务”用复数形式belongings。故填belongings。 45. The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms _____abandon (尽情地).(用适当的词填空) 【答案】with 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意：姑娘们跳上跳下，尽情地挥舞着手臂。根据汉语提示可知短语为with abandon。故填with。 46. The two friends ________(chat) on the Internet for three hours, and they will go on till next morning. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been chatting 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态句意：这两个朋友在网上已经聊了三个小时了，他们要一直聊到第二天早上。chat作本句谓语，根据时间状语for three hours以及句意可知，表示一直持续的动作，且还未结束，用现在完成进行时，主语为复数。故填have been chatting。 47. Activities all take place under the _____ (guide) of an experienced tutor.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】guidance 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：所有活动都在一名经验丰富的导师指导下进行。冠词后接名词，根据冠词the可知，空处用名词 guidance。故填guidance。 48. We ________ (advertise) in all the local papers for a nurse-companion, but with no result to date. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been advertising 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们在当地所有的报纸上登了招聘护士的广告，但到目前为止还没有结果。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据but连接的分句中“to date(到目前为止)”可知，强调对现在的影响或结果，且这一影响可能会继续下去，所以为现在完成进行时。故填have been advertising。 49. It was the most extreme example of ________(cruel) to animals I had ever seen. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】cruelty 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：这是我见过的虐待动物最极端的例子。作介词of的宾语，应用名词cruelty，表抽象概念不可数。故填cruelty。 50. We________ (stick) in the traffic for over an hour, so we failed to catch our flight. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were stuck##had been stuck 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：我们在路上堵了一个多小时，所以没能赶上飞机。stick作本句谓语，和主语we之间是被动关系，用被动语态，既可以理解为描述已发生的事，用一般过去时，也可以根据时间状语for over an hour理解为持续一段时间，用过去完成时。故填were stuck或者had been stuck。 第四部分 书面表达（40分） 第一节 应用文（15分） 51. 假如你是李华，你所在的国际学校庆祝6月5日“世界环境日(World Environmental Day)”系列活动落下帷幕，校英文报在全校征集活动反馈。请你写一封邮件给编辑，内容包括： 1.对活动的评价； 2.分享个人收获。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Sir or Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best regards, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sir or Madam, I am proud to report to you that our school’s celebration of World Environmental Day on June 5th has been successfully carried out. The environmental experts invited by our school explained to us the current situation of environmental protection and its importance. We also visited the environmental achievements of our school’s teachers and students on our campus. After that, I realized the importance of the environment in our lives. Starting from me, starting from now, we must take measures to contribute to environmental protection. Best regards, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给校报编辑写一封邮件，反馈学校庆祝6月5日“世界环境日(World Environmental Day)”的系列活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 举办：carry out→hold 解释：explain→interpret 成就：achievement→accomplishment 开始：start→begin 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The environmental experts invited by our school explained to us the current situation of environmental protection and its importance. 拓展句：The environmental experts who were invited by our school explained to us the current situation of environmental protection and its importance. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The environmental experts invited by our school explained to us the current situation of environmental protection and its importance. (运用了非谓语动词过去分词作后置定语) 【高分句型2】Starting from me, starting from now, we must take measures to contribute to environmental protection. (运用了非谓语动词现在分词作状语) 第二节 读后续写（25分） 52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成篇完整的短文。 In the town of Greenfield, a group of three adventurous spirits—Jack, Simon, and Lucas—had discovered an ancient map in Jack’s grandfather’s house. The map, yellowed with age, described a mysterious island that had the legendary(传说的) Silver Falcon, a statue that was said to award its finder enormous wisdom and fortune. As typical eighth graders with the excitement of discovery and dreams of greatness, they decided they would be the ones to discover this hidden treasure. They agreed to start this search during the up-and-coming spring break, keeping their plans a secret from the adults who would undoubtedly discourage such a dangerous adventure. The days that followed were filled with preparation. They read books on survival, learned about the stars for navigation, and tested their courage in smaller woods. The boys were united by their unshakable resolve and the promise of an adventure that could change their lives forever. As spring break began, they set out just as the sun painted the sky with colors of orange and gold. They felt a mixture of excitement and slight nervousness. They carried backpacks filled with supplies and the ancient map that they hoped would lead them to glory. The beginning of their journey was full of laughter and songs around the campfire, but as days passed, the trip's reality set in. The path grew more dangerous, and the maps guided them through thick woods and muddy wetlands. They learned to work together as their friendship was tested by constant challenges. Slowly, the island drew nearer. A conflict arose when they reached the foot of Mount Veritas, the final barrier before reaching the island. Lucas twisted his ankle, and the slightest movement sent sharp pains shooting through his leg. With time running out, Jack and Simon had to make a choice: should they push on and risk Lucas’ well-being or turn back after coming so far? 注意: 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 At crossroads, Jack and Simon exchanged knowing glances. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When reaching the Silver Falcon, the three boys found no fortune there at all. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 At crossroads, Jack and Simon exchanged knowing glances. They realized they couldn’t leave Lucas behind and that the statue could wait, but their friendship could not. With great determination and strengthened bonds, they constructed a makeshift stretcher and carried Lucas through the last leg of their journey. As they reached the top of the last hill, the island revealed itself in all its glory. It was more impressive than they could have ever imagined. The Silver Falcon stood in the center, its wings shining in the sunlight. When reaching the Silver Falcon, the three boys found no fortune there at all. At that time, they realized the true treasure of their journey. It wasn't about the wisdom or fortune the Silver Falcon could bring—it was about the memories they had created together and the lessons they learned along the way. In an unexpected turn, the Silver Falcon seemed to acknowledge their growth. As they stood before it, its eyes shone brightly, and the forest around them came alive with the songs of birds and rustling leaves. A soft voice filled the clearing, congratulating them on their bravery and unity. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了在格林菲尔德镇，杰克、西蒙和卢卡斯这三个爱冒险的人在杰克祖父的房子里发现了一张古老的地图。于是他们在春假的时候前往地图上的岛屿进行冒险，在上岛的过程中卢卡斯扭伤了脚踝，杰克和西蒙不得不做出选择，最后他们扛着卢卡斯走完最后一段旅程，也经受住了友谊的考验。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“在十字路口，杰克和西蒙交换了会意的目光”可知，第一段可描写杰克和西蒙选择带着卢卡斯走完最后一段旅程。 ②由第二段首句内容“当他们到达‘银隼’号时，三个男孩没有发现任何财富”可知，第二段可描写男孩意识到真正的财富是什么以及感悟。 2.续写线索：决定带上卢卡斯——到达山顶——意识到旅行的真正价值——认可成长——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①到达：reach/arrive at ②建造：construct/build ③认可：acknowledge/recognize 情绪类 ①勇敢：bravery /courage ②意外：unexpected/ surprising 【点睛】[高分句型1] As they reached the top of the last hill, the island revealed itself in all its glory. (运用了as引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2] A soft voice filled the clearing, congratulating them on their bravery and unity. (运用了现在分词作状语) 听力理解：1-5BABCA 6-10ACCBC 11-15CABCA 16-20BABBC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 厦门双十中学2023—2024 学年高二年第二学期月考（二） 英语试卷 June 12, 2024 满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟 第一卷（选择题, 共95分） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will the man do tonight? A. Offer a recipe. B. Make some cookies. C. Go to a bakery. 2. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. On a bus. B. In a hotel. C. At the seaside. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. Weather forecast. B. A vacation plan. C. Outdoor activities. 4. What does the woman want to watch? A Evening news. B. A sports game. C. A quiz show. 5. How does the woman feel about the store? A. It has many choices. B. The prices there are low. C. Most of its assistants are helpful. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Who is the man? A. A part-time salesman. B. A local author. C. A physics teacher. 7. What do we know about the physics section? A. It is newly-opened. B. It is restricted to members. C. It has increased its collection. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What is the major problem of the repair? A. The man has a tight schedule. B. The woman can’t find the right place. C. The replacement parts are hard to get. 9. What will the man do next? A. Buy a new bike. B. Check the cost. C. Deliver the supplies. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What are the speakers discussing? A. A competitive market. B. Various product models. C. Last month’s product sales. 11. What does the woman say about TV commercials? A. They ran for 5 months. B. They are successful. C. They cost a lot. 12. What does the man suggest? A. Having a meeting. B. Talking with the president. C. Reviewing the report together. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What is the woman doing? A. Introducing an art form. B. Hosting a program. C. Giving a lecture. 14. How do visitors attend indoor events at the Uitmarkt? A. By booking tickets in advance. B. By buying a pass for the entire weekend. C. By entering freely before the doors are closed. 15. Why do performers offer their services at the Uitmarkt? A. To attract audience to future performances. B. To enhance their own talent and skills. C. To give their support to local artists. 16. What impressed Roland about the Uitmarkt’s organization? A. Various performances. B. Efficient waste clearing. C. Convenient transportation. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What did people worry about concerning the post office? A. It would be closed down. B. It would be expensive to run. C. It would be moved out of Scotland. 18. Why did the Fords want to come back home? A. To start a company. B. To look after their mothers. C. To do business with a company. 19. When did the Fords decide to make an offer for the post office? A. Once they had completed their research. B Immediately after viewing the listing. C. After taking advice from their mothers. 20. What do the Fords expect? A. To cut back postal services. B. To build a new community. C. To receive more visitors. 第二部分 阅读理解（共2节, 满分50分） 第一节（共15小题, 每题2.5分, 满分37.5分） A The Role of Crowdfunding in Business Growth Crowdfunding is a fundraising method that makes use of the power of the Internet and social networks. It involves raising small amounts of money from a large number of individuals or investors, typically through online platforms. These platforms connect entrepreneurs (创业者) with potential backers who contribute funds to support a specific project, business, or idea. Types of Crowdfunding Reward-Based Crowdfunding—Backers get a reward, such as a product sample or easy access, in exchange for their contribution. This model is popular for startups and creative projects. Equity (股权) Crowdfunding—Investors receive shares or equity in the business in exchange for their funding. This model is ideal for small businesses looking to raise substantial capital and is subject to specific regulations. Debt Crowdfunding—Entrepreneurs borrow money from backers and agree to repay it with interest over time. This model is similar to a loan and is suitable for businesses with a clear repayment plan. Tips for a Successful Crowdfunding Campaign Set clear goals: Define your funding goal, the purpose of the funds, and how you’ll use the money. Persuasive story: Make an appealing and genuine story about your business. Explain why it matters and how backers’ contributions will make a difference. Engage your network: Mobilize your existing network of friends, family, and professional contacts to support your campaign. Their initial contributions can build momentum (动力). Transparency: Be transparent and honest about your project’s progress and any challenges you encounter. Backers appreciate honesty. Fulfill promises: Once your campaign is successful, fulfill your promises to backers timely and communicate regularly. 1. According to the passage, which of the following is accurate about crowdfunding? A. Reward-Based Crowdfunding is the most popular type of crowdfunding. B. Backers can get the same kinds of rewards in the three types of crowdfunding. C. Crowdfunding is a fundraising technique that relies on offline platforms. D. Debt Crowdfunding is fit for businesses with a specific repayment schedule. 2. The 4th tip “Transparency” probably means “________”. A. carefulness B. perseverance C. frankness D. optimism 3. The owners of Exploding Kittens, a card game corporation established six years ago, plan to raise a large sum of capital to start a promotion campaign. They are highly recommended to ________. A. prefer Reward-Based Crowdfunding to Equity Crowdfunding B. draft an attractive story about the campaign based on real information C. realize their promises to backers on time even if the campaign is a failure D. compare the initial support provided by different existing contacts B I used to think I was a good person. I was caring to my friends, my partner, my family; I gave to charity and I volunteered. But when I started training to become a therapist (治疗师), I began to understand that however much we might like to think of ourselves as good people, we don’t actually know ourselves very well. I learned about how we might, without consciously realizing it, deny the feelings and motivations we consider to be bad, pushing them down into our unconscious and projecting them out on to others, so they become the bad people. I learned that deep in the human mind, alongside love and kindness, run currents of anger, need, greed, envy, destructiveness, superiority — whether we want to acknowledge them or not. It was 22-year-old Boru who taught me what it really means to be a good grown up. We first spoke two years ago. He was unemployed, living with his parents, watching his friends’ lives progress. A good grown-up, he told me, is “someone who has his ducks in a row” — and that wasn’t him. I also didn’t feel like the competent, confident grown-up I thought I should be — and neither did most of the adults I knew. I researched statistics about people hitting the traditional landmarks of adulthood later and later, if at all — from buying a home to getting married or starting a family. I recognized what made me feel like a bad grown-up: that I’ll sit with a broken fridge rather than call an engineer to repair it. Then I saw Boru again. He told me how, over two years, he’d found a job he loves, rented a flat with a friend. He’s now cycling round the world, having adventures that will keep him strong for the rest of his life. So what changed? “You start to have those conversations with yourself, and you become more of an honest person. I don’t feel like I’m hiding from anything anymore, because I’m not hiding from myself.” I think growing up must involve finding your own way to have those conversations. Boru does it on his bike, I do it in psychoanalysis, others I spoke to do it while cooking or playing music. That, for Boru, and for me, is what it means to “have his ducks in a row”. 4. What does the first paragraph imply about understanding ourselves? A. Recognizing our positive traits is enough for growth. B. Our understanding of our motives and feelings is accurate. C. True self-awareness means accepting both good and bad sides. D. Ignoring our negative traits does not affect our self-perception. 5. What critical lesson did the author learn from Boru about being a good grown-up? A. It involves having a clear career path and financial stability. B. It requires constant self-improvement and education. C It means being employed and living independently. D. It is like a journey of self-discovery and honesty. 6. What does the author identify as a reason for feeling like an inadequate adult? A. Escaping basic responsibilities. B. Delaying reaching traditional life milestones. C. Comparing personal achievements to others. D. Investigating changing patterns of adult life. 7. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Why Hide Harms B. How to Be Better Adults C. Why Growing up Matters D. How to Have Effective Conversations C From Marie Tussaud’s Chamber of Horrors to Disneyland’s Haunted Mansion (鬼屋) to horror-themed escape rooms, haunted house attractions have terrified and delighted audiences around the world for more than 200 years. These attractions turn out to be good places to study fear. They help scientists understand the body’s response to fright and how we perceive some situations as enjoyably thrilling and others as truly terrible. One surprising finding: having friends close at hand in a haunted house might make you more jumpy, not less so. Psychologist and study co-author Sarah Tashjian, who is now at the University of Melbourne, and her team conducted their research with 156 adults, who each wore a wireless wrist sensor during their visit. The sensor measured skin responses linked to the body’s reactions to stress and other situations. When the sensor picked up, for example, greater skin conductance — that is, the degree to which the skin can transmit an electric current — that was a sign that the body was more aroused and ready for fight or flight. In addition to this measure, people reported their expected fear (on a scale of 1 to 10) before entering the haunted house and their experienced fear (on the same scale) after completing the haunt. The scientists found that people who reported greater fear also showed heightened skin responses. Being with friends, Tashjian and her colleagues further found, increased physiological arousal during the experience, which was linked to stronger feelings of fright. In fact, the fear response was actually weaker when people went through the house in the presence of strangers. Other investigators have used haunted houses to understand how fear and enjoyment can coexist. In a 2020 study led by Marc Malmdorf Andersen, a member of the Recreational Fear Lab at Aarhus University in Denmark, scientists joined forces with Dystopia Haunted House. The Danish attraction includes such terrifying experiences as being chased by “Mr. Piggy”, a large, chain-saw-wielding man wearing a bloody butcher’s apron and pig mask. People between the ages of 12 and 57 were video recorded at peak moments during the attraction, wore heart-rate monitors throughout and reported on their experience. People’s fright was tied to large-scale heart-rate fluctuations; their enjoyment was linked to small-scale ones. The results suggest that fear and enjoyment can happen together when physiological arousal is balanced “just right”. 8. Studying haunted house attractions helps scientists to learn about ________. A. the psychological effects of fear on individuals B. the history of horror-themed entertainment C. the body’s response to material rewards D. the impact of technology on people’s enjoyment 9. How did Sarah Tashjian and her team conduct their research on haunted house experiences? A. By surveying participants. B. By analyzing historical records. C. By employing wireless wrist sensors. D. By using virtual reality simulations. 10. What did Tashjian and her colleagues discover in their study? A. Being with friends elevated level of physiological arousal. B. The fear reaction was stronger in the company of strangers. C. Psychological effect was unrelated to intensified feelings of fright. D. Those reporting lightened fear showed increased skin responses. 11. It can be concluded from the 2020 study led by Marc Malmdorf Andersen that ________. A. fear and enjoyment can not happen at the same time B. large-scale heart-rate fluctuations were linked to enjoyment C. the age of the participants was not related to the study’s findings D. fear and enjoyment can coexist under certain conditions D Hundreds of people die at sea every year due to ship and airplane accidents. Emergency teams have little time to rescue those in the water because the probability of finding a person alive falls dramatically after six hours. Beyond tides and challenging weather conditions, unsteady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult. New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. “Our work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications. In today’s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time. Haller’s research team obtained mathematical results predicting that objects floating on the ocean’s surface should gather along a few special curves (曲线) which they call TRansient Attracting Profiles (TRAPs). These curves can’t be seen with our eyes but can be tracked from instant ocean surface current data using recent mathematical methods developed by the ETH team. This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident. In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller. “Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret, and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. Haller stresses: “Our hope is that this method will become a standard part of the tool kit of coast guards everywhere.” 12. In a search and rescue operation, ________. A. the survival rate drops to almost zero after six hours B. the use of dynamics leads to the wrong location C. weather conditions are a determining factor D. changing currents present a challenge 13. The main significance of the new algorithm is ________. A. accurately predicting weather conditions during rescue operations B. dependence on satellite technology to locate distressed individuals at sea C. cost-effective, efficient tracking of objects and individuals in coastal waters D. predicting the exact time and location of ocean accidents 14. Paragraph 5 mainly talks about ________. A. the collection of data B. the testing of the algorithm C. the identification of the TRAPs D. the cooperation of two research teams 15. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. How Mathematics Can Save Lives at Sea B. How Coastal Waters Affect Saving Lives C. Why Algorithms Are Popular in Rescue Operations D. Why Success Rates of Rescue Operations Have Fallen 第二节（共5小题, 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分） 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 We humans are comparison creatures. ____16____ This quality may have evolved as a means of helping us fit into the social hierarchy (等级) of the cultures we inhabited. Regardless of the reasons, social comparison plays a significant role in how we view and evaluate ourselves, and how we interact with our world. It used to be that our primary reference of comparison was our local communities, primarily neighbors and co-workers. Because we tend to gather around those similar to ourselves in terms of educational level, work income, and shared interests, the range of differences when we compared ourselves to others was fairly small. Unfortunately, with the emergence of the Internet, we can now compare ourselves to literally anyone in the world. ____17____ What had in previous generations been a small gap in our comparisons has now become so large and unattainable. ____18____ When so many people that are easily discoverable on the Internet seem to be so successful. famous, influential and beautiful, given our preference to compare, it is difficult not to have it influence how we view ourselves. Sadly, these comparisons usually result in our feeling inadequate and “less than”. These harmful comparisons also damage our emotional lives. When we feel lacking, we experience a variety of unpleasant and unhealthy emotions. We feel jealousy and envy for what others have and what we lack. ____19____ It’s one thing to realize that you compare yourself to others. It’s another thing to recognize that social comparison is often corrosive (逐步侵蚀的) to you in so many ways psychologically and emotionally. It’s an entirely other thing to stop yourself from comparing yourself to others. ____20____ A. We are constantly measuring ourselves against other people. B. Yet it is possible, and it is worth the effort for your mental health. C. Thus, we are now exposed to groups that are quite different from us. D. We believe that there is something wrong with us compared to others. E. We can even feel bitterness and anger at others for the unfairness of it all. F. Comparing ourselves to others has the potential to increase our life experience. G. This new level of comparison has huge implications for our psychological lives. 第三部分 语言知识运用 第一节 完形填空（共15题, 每题1分, 满分15分） Many of the world’s islands were previously unexplored places, but over time, people have come to these places with far-reaching effects, including deforestation, over-hunting and the introduction of invasive species. _____21_____, most of the bird species disappeared. While the death of many birds since the 1500s has been _____22_____, our knowledge of the fate of species before this relies on fossils, and these records are limited because birds’ lightweight bones are ____23____ over time. This conceals (隐瞒) the true _____24_____ of global extinctions. Researchers now believe 1,430 bird species — almost 12 per cent — have died out over modern human history since around 130,000 years ago, with the vast majority of them becoming extinct directly or indirectly ____25____ human activity. The study, led by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) and published in Nature Communications, used statistical modelling to ____26____ the undiscovered bird extinctions. Lead author Dr Rob Cooke, an ecological modeler at UKCEH, says: “Our study demonstrates there has been a far higher ____27____ impact on diversity than previously recognized. Humans quickly destroyed bird populations through habitat loss, over-exploitation, and the introduction of rats, pigs, and dogs, which attacked the birds’ nests, and _____28_____ with birds for food. We show that many species became extinct before written records and left no _____29_____, lost from history.” Dr Soren Faurby of the University of Gothenburg, a co-author of the study, adds: “These historic extinctions have had a major impact on the current biodiversity crisis. The world may not only have lost many fascinating birds but also their varied _____30_____ roles, which are likely to have included key functions such as pollination (授粉). This will have had knock-on effects on ecosystems, so, ______31______ bird extinctions, we will have lost a lot of plants and animals that ______32______ these species for survival.” Observations and fossils show 640 bird species have been driven extinct — 90 per cent of these on islands ______33______ by people. These ______34______ from the iconic Dodo of Mauritius to the Great Auk of the North Atlantic to the lesser-known Saint Helena Giant Hoopoe. But the researchers estimate there have been further 790 unknown extinctions meaning a total of 1,430 lost species — leaving just under 11,000 today. Therefore, from the perspective of protecting species ______35______, the protection of birds is an urgent issue for mankind. 21. A. In other words B. On average C. As a consequence D. In short 22. A. confirmed B. recorded C. abandoned D. discussed 23. A. distracted B. disposed C. dismissed D. decomposed 24. A. extent B. context C. outcome D. influence 25. A. due to B. other than C. instead of D. in spite of 26. A. declare B. illustrate C. estimate D. emphasize 27 A. climate B. human C. environmental D. natural 28. A. connected B. coped C. lived D. competed 29. A. trace B. route C. change D. chaos 30. A. interactive B. ecological C. productive D. social 31. A. in terms of B. because of C. except for D. in addition to 32. A. count on B. cooperate with C. fight against D. keep off 33. A. inhabited B. removed C. developed D. killed 34. A. result B. range C. suffer D. date 35. A. origin B. project C. growth D. diversity 第二卷( 非选择题 共55分) 答案请工整地写在答题卡上 第一节 单句语法填空 （共15题, 每题1分, 满分15分） 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，使句子形式准确，意义完整。 36. They will hold a meeting to discuss the ________ (restrict) laws. (所给词的适当形式填空) 37. Building a ________ (harmony) society is our common goal. (所给词的适当形式填空) 38. He said after a short space of silence he ________ (consider) the problem again. (所给词的适当形式填空) 39. They need to be ________ (tolerate) of different points of view. （用适当的词填空） 40. There is some doubt ________ he’ll keep his promise. (用适当的词填空) 41. Under the agreement, ________ (release) of cancer-causing chemicals have been cut by about 60 percent. (所给词的适当形式填空) 42. The house that is being built should be ________ (habit) by the new year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 43. Having undergone something miserable, he did not fall asleep, turning ________ in bed from time to time. (用适当的词填空) 44. Look after your personal ________(belong) while waiting for the bus. (所给词的适当形式填空) 45. The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms _____abandon (尽情地).(用适当的词填空) 46. The two friends ________(chat) on the Internet for three hours, and they will go on till next morning. (所给词的适当形式填空) 47. Activities all take place under the _____ (guide) of an experienced tutor.(所给词的适当形式填空) 48. We ________ (advertise) in all the local papers for a nurse-companion, but with no result to date. (所给词的适当形式填空) 49. It was the most extreme example of ________(cruel) to animals I had ever seen. （所给词的适当形式填空） 50. We________ (stick) in the traffic for over an hour, so we failed to catch our flight. (所给词的适当形式填空) 第四部分 书面表达（40分） 第一节 应用文（15分） 51. 假如你是李华，你所在的国际学校庆祝6月5日“世界环境日(World Environmental Day)”系列活动落下帷幕，校英文报在全校征集活动反馈。请你写一封邮件给编辑，内容包括： 1.对活动的评价； 2.分享个人收获。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Sir or Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best regards, Li Hua 第二节 读后续写（25分） 52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成篇完整的短文。 In the town of Greenfield, a group of three adventurous spirits—Jack, Simon, and Lucas—had discovered an ancient map in Jack’s grandfather’s house. The map, yellowed with age, described a mysterious island that had the legendary(传说的) Silver Falcon, a statue that was said to award its finder enormous wisdom and fortune. As typical eighth graders with the excitement of discovery and dreams of greatness, they decided they would be the ones to discover this hidden treasure. They agreed to start this search during the up-and-coming spring break, keeping their plans a secret from the adults who would undoubtedly discourage such a dangerous adventure. The days that followed were filled with preparation. They read books on survival, learned about the stars for navigation, and tested their courage in smaller woods. The boys were united by their unshakable resolve and the promise of an adventure that could change their lives forever. As spring break began, they set out just as the sun painted the sky with colors of orange and gold. They felt a mixture of excitement and slight nervousness. They carried backpacks filled with supplies and the ancient map that they hoped would lead them to glory. The beginning of their journey was full of laughter and songs around the campfire, but as days passed, the trip's reality set in. The path grew more dangerous, and the maps guided them through thick woods and muddy wetlands. They learned to work together as their friendship was tested by constant challenges. Slowly, the island drew nearer. A conflict arose when they reached the foot of Mount Veritas, the final barrier before reaching the island. Lucas twisted his ankle, and the slightest movement sent sharp pains shooting through his leg. With time running out, Jack and Simon had to make a choice: should they push on and risk Lucas’ well-being or turn back after coming so far? 注意: 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 At crossroads, Jack and Simon exchanged knowing glances. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When reaching the Silver Falcon, the three boys found no fortune there at all. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 听力理解：1-5BABCA 6-10ACCBC 11-15CABCA 16-20BABBC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$