山东省部分市2023-2024学年高二下学期期中英语汇编：阅读理解

江苏省部分市 2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题汇编 阅读理解 山东省潍坊市寿光市2023-2024学年高二下学期4月期中英语试题 一、阅读理解 A A new museum called Showtown has opened in Blackpool, in north-west England. Blackpool’s miles of sandy beaches, three piers (码头) and giant roller-coaster made it one of the UK’s top holiday destinations. Showtown is the “all-singing, all-dancing museum” situated in the heart of the Golden Mile, close to Blackpool Tower. It’s been 10 years in the making and is the only museum UK dedicated to circus (马戏团), dance and shows. Showtown features five galleries, including “How’s Tricks?’ where visitors can go behind the scenes in a Blackpool magic shop to try out practical jokes and magic tricks. The “Roll Up! Roll Up!” gallery features ringmasters, acrobats and clowns and highlights the close connection between Blackpool and the circus. Visitors to “It’s Showtime!” can go through a stage door to discover musicians and comedians who have all seen their names up in lights. “It’s Better with the Lights On” gallery celebrates Blackpool’s famous illuminations (huge displays of lights) that date back to 1879, and  “Everybody Dance Now” shows the town’s history of ballroom dancing and Northerm Soul (a style of music and dance). Showtown is a fascinating, bright, bold collage of all of those stories, those entertainment greats-but done in a really innovative and colourful way. Rain never stops play at Showtown, one of the must visit Blackpool attractions, so don’t forget to book your tickets online for fast track admission to the museum. TICKET PRICES —General Admission Adults aged  16-64 —£15. 00 Children aged 4-15 —£11. 50 Children aged 3 and under —FREE Students/Adults age 65+-£13. 50 Our address is Showtown, Bank Hey Strect, Blackpool, FY14 TQ. For booking and general questions, call 08081756929. 1．What can we learn about Showtown in paragraph 1? A．It has various entertainments. B．It is located near Blackpool Mile. C．It was completed in a short period. D．It makes Blackpool a tourist attraction. 2．Which gallery offers visitors hands-on experience? A．It’s Showtime! B．Roll  Up! Roll Up! C．How’s Tricks? D．Everybody Dance Now. 3．How much would a couple aged 65 with two children under 3 pay for admission? A．£13. 5. B．£15. C．£23. D．£27. B We do love our friends very much, but they have one habit that drives us crazy. They think they are coffee experts, and they don’t hesitate to inform you of that fact, over and over and over again. They talk about this new bean and that new growing area, coffee cups vs mug cups, black vs cream and sugar, various brands of coffee makers etc. You get the idea. And we tolerate it. But just because of your tolerance of your friends’ behavior, it doesn’t mean you can’t try to fool them. My husband Frank and I were planning to pull off the trick of the century. At weekend, we invited our friends to our home. Now it began. Frank knew what he had to do. He had to keep our friends occupied so that they wouldn’t come into the kitchen. If they did, the whole thing would be ruined. I was nervous. Would our trick work?Our friends were coffee experts and Frank and I were not. I made lots of noise while preparing the coffee. I hoped that our friends would think that all the noise meant better coffee. I turned on the coffee bean grinder (研磨机) that I had bought especially for this trick. They wouldn’t be able to tell that I had put rice in the grinder rather than coffee beans. The noise level would be the same. Then I put a fresh coffee filter(过滤器)in the coffeemaker, added the filtered water, and very, very carefully counted out the number of spoons of coffee I needed for twelve cups. Twelve cups of instant coffee, that is! From a jar. No beans to be seen. Time to serve. I set the tray (托盘) down on the table and poured coffee for everyone in grand style. They smelt, they stirred, they tasted, and then they sighed. Could they have a second cup? And then maybe just a little more? They said that finally I had learmed how to make really good coffee. They said it was obvious that the beans I had chosen had made all the difference. They asked which beans I used. I told them that it was a secret mixture of varlous beans that a friend had suggested and I wasn’t able to expose the exact combination. 4．What do the underlined words “pull off” mean in paragraph 1? A．Reveal. B．Revise. C．Clarify. D．Accomplish. 5．What’s the purpose of the author and her husband inviting their friends? A．To test their taste. B．To play a trick on them. C．To learn about their hobby. D．To know more about coffee. 6．What did the author’s friends drink in her home? A．Instant coffee. B．Rice  porridge. C．Filtered water. D．Fresh ground coffee. 7．What’s the reason for the author not telling their friends about beans? A．It was a secret recipe. B．There was no bean at all. C．She was mean and selfish. D．Her husband didn’t allow her. C Exposure to new technologies including trackers, robots and AI-based software at work is bad for people's quality of life, according to a groundbreaking study from the Institute for the Future of Work. The authors found that the more workers were exposed to technologies in three of these categories —software based on AI and machine learning; monitor devices such as wearable trackers; and robotics-the worse their health and wellbeing tended to be. By contrast, use of more long-established information and communication technologies (ICTs)such as laptops, tablets and instant messaging at work tended to have a more positive effect on wellbeing. Dr Magdalena Soffia, the study's lead author, said it was not necessarily the technologies themselves that are the problem, but the way in which they are adopted. "We don't want to claim that there is some sort of determinism in what technology causes, in terms of wellbeing, "she said, “We say it really depends on the context:on lots of structural factors, on  environmental conditions, how it is designed and how it is used. So lots of human decisions. ” “We wanted to give a more multidimensional understanding of what was happening in terms of wellbeing. So we used a well-established measure which is a very effective measure, used by the UK public health sector;"Soffia said. Discussing the promotion to quality of life from ICTs, she suggested"one possible potential mechanism is that actually what they do is to streamline work processes, and they make working life a bit more efficient. And that in turn, gives you kind of a sense of achievement. " By contrast, the findings about trackers and monitor technologies corespond with recent wanings from trades unions and campaigners about the negative impact on workers whose performance is being constantly monitored. Mary Towers, the TUC's lead on Al, said:"These findings should worry us all. They show that without strong new regulation, Al could make the world of work a cruel and unhealthy place for many. Things don't have to be this way. If we put the proper guardrails in place, AI can be controlled to genuinely enhance productivity and improve working lives. " 8．What does the study find about new technologies? A．They are well received. B．They worsen people's life. C．They consist of three items. D．They are developing rapidly. 9．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A．Influence on humans. B．Origin of the problem. C．Solutions to the problem. D．Decisive role of the environment. 10．How are ICTs good to us? A．Increase work efficiency. B．Enhance our confidence. C．Ensure our safety at work. D．Improve working conditions. 11．What is Mary Towers' attitude to new technologies? A．Critical. B．Doubtful. C．Hopeful. D．Unclear. D In 1776 Thomas Paine, an Englishman, published a book called Common Sense, which became a best-seller. But in a paper, Mark Whiting and Duncan Watts, a pair of computational social scientists, note that the idea has seldom been seriously studied. The two researchers set out to fix that. They started by noting that the standard concept of common sense has a somewhat circular definition: common sense is a set of claims that sensible (明智的) people agree with, and sensible people are those who possess common sense. To get around such philosophical messes, the researchers recruited 2, 046 human participants and asked them to rate 50 statements from a language database of 4, 407 claims that might be seen as commonsensical. As common sense might have predicted, the researchers found that plainly worded claims concerning facts about the real world were the most likely to berated as demonstrating common sense (“triangles have three sides”, for example, which is true by definition, or “avoid close contact with people who are ill”). The more abstract the claims, the less likely participants were to agree that they were common sense (“all human beings are created equal”; “perception is the only source of knowledge”). When they split the claims by subject, the researchers found that  those concerning technology and science were the most likely to be rated as commonsensical, while matters of history and philosophy were the least likely. A respondent’s age, sex, income and personal politics had little effect on what they thought counted as common sense, although psychological measures of social perceptiveness and the ability to reflect on one’s opinions did. Having investigated individual opinions, the researchers looked at how common sense works across big groups. Here, they found much less agreement than might have been expected: Only around 44% of claims in the language database were rated as commonsensical by at least 75%of respondents. A stricter definition of common sense, in which everyone has to agree with a claim for it to count, cut that number to just 6. 6%. Where exactly a reasonable cut-offices is a matter for debate. But truly “common” sense, it seems, is an unreadable thing. 12．What is the standard idea on common sense? A．It is what everybody knows. B．It is what we take for granted. C．It is facts about the real world. D．It is agreements of wise people. 13．Which is most probably considered common sense by the participants? A．Money is equal to happiness. B．Wash your hands before meals. C．Failure is the mother of success. D．Practice is the only criterion to test truth. 14．Which factor influences people’s judgment of common sense? A．Mental health. B．Personal salary. C．Social insight. D．Others’ comments. 15．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Common Sense Does Not Really Exist B．Common Sense Works Across Crowds C．Common Sense Originates From The Minority D．Common Sense Is Not Actually Very Common 山东省济宁市曲阜市2023—2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试卷 一、阅读理解 A Smart Home Products for Living a Connected Life What makes something a smart home product? Generally, it’s defined by its ability to connect to a Wi-Fi network, allowing users to interact with it from their smartphones.We’ve rounded up some cool, diverse offerings that you’ll love to have in your home.Nest Cam IQ walmart.com $299.00 The Nest Cam IQ is a beautifully designed home security camera that can recognize faces. It can warn you if there’s a stranger in your home. The device also supports two-way communication via built-in microphones and a powerful speaker.Apple HomePod bhphotovideo.com $349.00 The Apple HomePod has better audio quality than any other smart speaker available today. Available in white or space gray, the Siri-powered device also allows you to control a number of devices with your voice.August Smart Lock Pro amazon.com $279.99 The August Smart Lock Pro is compatible (兼容的) with most locks. A mobile app allows you to manage access to the lock, check its usage history, and get informed when someone opens the door. You can control it and check on the state of your door with voice commands.Logitech Harmony Elite amazon.com $249.99 The Logitech Harmony Elite is one of the best universal remote controls available on the market. It can control just about every piece of electronics you own (it supports over 270,000 devices!) in every room of your house or apartment, including TVs, streaming devices, and sound systems. 1．What can the Nest Cam IQ help you do? A．Keep your home safe. B．Check the locks of your house. C．Control electronics with your voice. D．Properly use your smartphone camera. 2．Which device can help you operate almost all your electronic equipment remotely? A．Nest Cam IQ. B．Apple HomePod. C．August Smart Lock Pro. D．Logitech Harmony Elite. 3．Which column of a website is the text most probably taken from? A．Society. B．News. C．Technology. D．Education. B More than one billion pounds of pumpkins are grown in the U.S. every year, and after they’ve been used for Halloween decorations, millions of them—large, mini, orange, white—will end up in a landfill (垃圾填埋场). “Driving around after Halloween, you see people with pumpkins on top of their garbage bins. All of that will go to a landfill and become methane gas which warms the atmosphere in a shorter amount of time than carbon dioxide,” says Kay McKeen, the director of an environmental education organization based in State of Illinois. “And landfills—where we send as much as 40 percent of the food we produce—contribute to 14 percent of U.S. methane emissions every year.” That’s why, in 2014, McKeen began Pumpkin Smash. For this collection event, local people can bring their used pumpkins to 69 different locations to send them off to trash bins, and of course smash them to pieces. Though the event is currently limited to several towns, but by their own calculations, the event has saved 538 tons of pumpkins from the landfill. “It puts nutrients (营养物) back in our soil, it saves water, and it doesn’t make methane gas,” says McKeen. Baking and cooking offers an easier solution. Pureed (糊状的) pumpkin is a common ingredient in baked goods like breads and pies. Actually, pumpkins are full of vitamins and fiber, making it a great source of human nutrition. And according to the American Kennel Club, pumpkin mixed into dog food can even help settle a dog’s upset stomach. “They love it mixed with their dry dog food, and it’s very good for them,” says Anne Meier, president of the club. 4．Out of what did McKeen start Pumpkin Smash? A．Company profit. B．Educational purpose. C．Food saving. D．Environmental concern. 5．What can we learn about Pumpkin Smash from Paragraph 3? A．It is widely accepted nationwide. B．It reduces the use of pumpkins. C．It needs further improvement. D．It creates a win-win result. 6．What’s advised in the last paragraph? A．Place more smashing bins around. B．Use pureed pumpkins in baking. C．Treat dog diseases with pumpkins. D．Expand the source of nutrition. 7．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A local newspaper. B．A story collection. C．A biology textbook. D．An academic article. C Every year thousands of tourists flock to China. They come to see the grand sights of the Great Wall and the Forbidden City, but often it is the hutongs that leave the strongest impression, as they offer travellers a rare view into Beijing’s past. Hutongs — the many little alleys that connect the rectangular courtyards of traditional houses — are a feature of ancient Chinese architecture. Beijing’s hutongs are particularly famous, however, as there are thousands of them. Nowadays, the word “hutong” has come to mean more than just the alleys that connect the courtyards. It also refers to the courtyards themselves and even to the communities that live there. The majority of Beijing’s hutongs were built between the 13th and 19th centuries during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. To help them keep control over the city, the Emperors during these periods arranged different areas of Beijing in neat blocks of houses built around courtyards. They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made it easier to keep an eye on people’s movements. The Emperor’s home, the Forbbiden City, was in the center of Beijing and the homes of the nobles and wealthy citizens were in the hutongs closest to the royal palace. Ordinary citizens lived in the hutongs further away from the palace. By connecting people’s homes, the hutongs in fact connected people’s lives, whether the lives of the rich or the lives of the ordinary citizens. Because the houses were built facing each other around courtyards, the families who lived there were an important part of each other’s lives. They supported each other when help was needed and shared the joy and sorrow of everyday life, no doubt sharing recipes, borrowing mops, and burning fragrant incense together when they pay respect to the ancestors or Buddhists. Because of the hutongs, courtyards were joined together for miles around creating a network of people working, playing and living together — a real community. 8．Why do the hutongs impress the foreigners most? A．Because they are unique to the ancient China. B．Because they are particularly popular with tourists. C．Because they provide travelers a chance to connect each other. D．Because they enable travelers to understand Beijing’s history better. 9．What was the purpose of building hutongs? A．To defend against the enemies. B．To offer the travelers a rare view. C．To strengthen the emperor’s ruling over the country. D．To deepen the connection between people in the communities. 10．How were hutongs arranged? A．They were arranged according to ranks of the classes. B．They were arranged according to people’s life demands. C．They were arranged according to city’s geographic features. D．They were arranged according to the closeness among people. 11．What is the author’s intention to write the text? A．To persuade people to travel in Beijing. B．To introduce a traditional architecture. C．To encourage people to live in hutongs. D．To explain the feature of hutongs. D Common water plant could provide a green energy source. Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed, one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants. Transferring such plant oil into biodiesel (生物柴油) for transportation and heating could be a big part of a more sustainable future. For a new study, researcher genetically engineered duckweed plants to produce seven times more oil per acre than soybeans. John Shanklin, a biochemist says further research could double the engineered duckweed’s oil output in the next few years. Unlike fossil fuels, which form underground, biofuels can be refreshed faster than they are used. Fuels made from new and used vegetable oils, animal fat and seaweed can have a lower carbon footprint than fossil fuels do, but there has been a recent negative view against them. This is partly because so many crops now go into energy production rather than food and biofuels take up more than 100 million acres of the world’s agricultural land. Duckweed, common on every continent but Antarctica, is among the world’s most productive plants and the researchers suggest it could be a game-changing renewable energy source for three key reasons. First, it grows readily in water, so it wouldn’t compete with food crops for agricultural land. Second, duckweed can grow fast in agricultural pollution released into the water. Third, Shanklin and his team found a way to avoid a major biotechnological barrier. For the new study, Shanklin says, the researchers added an oil-producing gene, “turning it on like a light switch” by introducing a particular molecule (分子) only when the plant had finished growing. To expand production to industrial levels, scientists will need to design and produce large-scale bases for growing engineered plants and obtaining oil a challenge. Shanklin says, because duckweed is a non-mainstream crop without much existing infrastructure (基础设施). 12．What can people get from duckweed firsthand? A．Plant oil B．Stable biodiesel C．Sustainable water. D．Natural heat. 13．What does paragraph 4 mainly convey? A．Options for renewable energy. B．Reasons for engineering genes. C．The potential of revolutionary energy source. D．The approach to avoiding agricultural pollution. 14．What is the decisive factor to mass-produce the plant? A．Industrial levels. B．Unique design. C．Academic research. D．Basic facilities. 15．What would be the best title for the text? A．Duckweed Power B．Duckweed Production C．Genetic Engineering D．Genetic Testing 山东省邹城市2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题 二、阅读理解 A Study Areas in Iowa State University’s Library Quiet Area The Periodical Room on Floor 2 is a Quiet Zone, requiring an absolute minimum of noise and distraction. Users are completely banned from conversations (including mobile phones), and no group work is allowed. Group Study Rooms •Group study rooms must be reserved online using a valid University account and a University Card on a first-come-first-served basis. •Thirteen rooms are available for groups wanting to work together in the Library. •Reservations can be made up to 30 days in advance. •Groups have 15 minutes after the start of their reservation to arrive. If a group has not claimed their study space by that time, their reservation will be cancelled. Research Study Rooms •Research study rooms are assigned to individual users for research and other scholarly activities that require extensive use of library materials. •Applications can be picked up at the Circulation Desk in the Library or request one via email at libstudy @iastate. edu. •There is usually a waiting list for these rooms. Applications should be made in advance if possible. Generally, these rooms are shared spaces because of the high level of demand. •Essential equipment is provided for each study, and additional equipment may not be added without authorization. The Library is not responsible for personal property (laptops, textbooks, notebooks, etc) left in these rooms. All Library rules and regulations apply to these rooms. Food and fruit are forbidden, though drinks in covered, spill-proof containers are permitted. •At the end of the assigned period, the key issued for each study room must be returned promptly to Circulation staff or the user will be billed. 21．What may be suggested doing in the Periodical Room? A．Reading in small groups. B．Having a discussion in a low voice. C．Putting one’s stuff in order. D．Setting one’s phone on silent mode. 22．What condition should be met to book a group study room? A．Possessing an active student card. B．Leaving phones out of the room. C．Groups consisting of over 15 members. D．Filling in an application form 30 days earlier. 23．What is prohibited in a Research Study Room? A．Personal computers. B．Bottled water. C．Sandwiches. D．Study materials. B Aarav Anil, the 17-year-old student With a passion for robotics from Bengraluro, invented a smart spoon that can help people with Parkinson’s disease eat with dignity. Aarrav’s interest in creating a smart spoon came from seeing his uncle Arjun who has Parkinson’s disease struggling to feed himself. This disease affects the brain and leads to involuntary shaking. Hence, food kept spilling out of his mouth and onto his clothing.Aarrav wanted his uncle to be able to eat by himself with dignity. Aarrav took to his room with microcontrollers, motors,sensors and a 3-D printer. Not everything went smoothly.“It was frustrating not being able to find the tiny electronics parts I needed here in India. I had to order some from China.but they took ages to arrive.”Aarrav said.Through tireless efforts. Aarrav made a first model but the handle was too slippery for his uncle to use so he had to change it.Then the prototype (维形) went to be tested at the RV College of Physiotherapy in Bengaluru. “I’ve been fine tuning the design based on the college’s feedback — that it needs to be waterproof so that it can be washed without damaging all the electronics inside; and that it must be detachable (可拆卸的) so it can be cleaned and replaced by a fork.” Aarrav said. The trials being conducted at the college are expected to be completed by early 2024 and the results will be published in a medical journal. Aarrav hopes that his smart spoon will begin to be manufactured on a small scale when the testing is complete.While other smart spoons already exist and two US companies are already producing their own versions,the cost is too high for most Indians. Aarrav’s version is estimated to cost around 580). His hope is that everyone with Parkinson’s disease will have access to a smart spoon. 24．What can Aarav’s invention help people with Parkinson’s disease do? A．Maintain their physical balance. B．Boost their mood and relieve stress. C．Feed themselves much more easily. D．Rid them of uncontrollable shaking. 25．What is emphasized about the invention of the smart spoon in Paragraph 3? A．Its popularity. B．Its challenges. C．Its functions. D．Its application. 26．Which can best replace the underlined word “tuning” in Paragraph 4? A．Adjusting. B．Publicizing C．Outlining. D．Simplifying 27．Which of the following best describes Aarrav? A．Industrious and sociable. B．Intelligent and humble C．Sensitive and conservative. D．Ambitious and caring. C After decades of exploring the moon, a dramatic vision is finally becoming reality. The Guardian recently reported that a project called Lunar Codex is planning to send and store over 30,000 works on the moon from artists, writers, filmmakers, and musicians from over 150 countries and regions. The goods to be stored range from novels and paintings to music, films，and even soil from Earth. In fact, this is not the first time that people have tried sending human legacies (遗产) to outer space. In 1969, the Apollo 12 mission carried a ceramic piece with drawings. In 1971, the Apollo 15 staff left a sculpture to honor those who had died in space exploration. What’s more famous is the Golden Record carried by spacecraft Voyager 1 and 2 from NASA in 1977, which contains human language, music and images. For example, a piece of Chinese guqin music, called Flowing Streams was included in it. Although we don’t know who determines which symbols of human legacy get sent out to space in most projects, it’s obvious that the criteria keep changing. In the past，space heritage products only focused on space-related works; but gradually, more human-related contemporary goods which held great importance in their respective eras have been added to the list. In the Lunar Codex, films, diverse art and literary works produced by women, disabled artists, and even AI have been collected for the first time to be sent to the moon. These changing criteria also leave space for ordinary people to imagine and think. Many people are now trying to store their DNA information digitally. Will people be able to find even more surprising and inventive ways to preserve their legacy in the future? Only time can tell. 28．What is the goal of the project? A．To make the moon livable. B．To show respect to artists. C．To enrich the life of astronauts. D．To preserve human legacies. 29．How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed? A．By explaining reasons. B．By giving examples. C．By making comparisons D．By analyzing previous data. 30．What does the change of the criteria reflect? A．AI technology is amazing. B．The selective rules are strict. C．Human civilization is inclusive. D．Space-related works are popular. 31．Where does the text most probably come from? A．A magazine. B．A textbook. C．An advertisement. D．A poster. D In today’s digital age, where a vast ocean of information is just a click away, the question arises: can one learn too much? Given that no individual can grasp the entirety of human knowledge. However, there exists a phenomenon where excessive learning can lead to inaction, a state of being overwhelmed by too much information. Consider a situation where you’re eager to achieve a particular goal. You begin by conducting extensive research, diving deep into the subject. As you absorb more information, it paradoxically (矛盾地) feels like your understanding weakens. Each new concept or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more complex and out of reach. This situation is a common trap: the endless pursuit of more information. Although gaining comprehensive knowledge is valuable, that is to say there’s nothing wrong with learning a lot, issues arise when this pursuit obstructs practical application. If learning continuously prevents you from starting, you’ll find yourself stuck, unable to achieve your desired outcomes. An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then transition into action swiftly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical knowledge alone cannot. The comparison with a baby learning to walk is a good example here. A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually mastered. This method is applicable to goal achievement too. By engaging in action, learning from the outcomes, and adjusting accordingly, you gradually move closer to your goals. In summary, while the pursuit of knowledge is valuable, it’s crucial not to let it become a barrier to action. Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interplay of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our ambitions. 32．What stops people from achieving the goal? A．The distraction caused by unrelated tasks. B．The inability to find relevant information. C．The confusion caused by the information. D．The desire to learn basic concept or strategy. 33．What does the author try to advocate in paragraph 3&4? A．Sticking to continuous learning B．Taking practical action without delay. C．Gaining as much knowledge as possible. D．Prioritizing theoretical knowledge in study. 34．Why is the example “baby learning to walk” mentioned in Paragraph 5? A．To compare different learning styles. B．To show the importance of making mistakes. C．To emphasize the need for parental guidance. D．To illustrate learning through action and experience. 35．What makes the best title for the passage? A．The Harmony of Learning and Doing. B．The Process of Accessing Information. C．The Pursuit of Advanced Knowledge. D．The significance of Hands-on Experience. 山东省枣庄市滕州市2023-2024学年高二下学期4月期中英语试题 一、阅读理解 A Best Spring Destinations In TibetPeach blossom valley, Nyingchi The peach blossoms in Nyingchi, Tibet autonomous region have been dubbed as “the most beautiful peach flowers in the world”. The annual Nyingchi peach blossom festival has become a signature tourism event on the plateau. The peach blossom valley stretches for 30 kilometers, making it one of the longest in China. Nanyi Valley Nanyigou scenic spot is 20 kilometers away from Milin county and is an important birthplace of the mysterious Tibetan medicine culture. The scenic area covers a total area of 820 hectares. The ecological conditions here are so good that the place is rich in various animal and plant species. Surrounded by mountains, Nanyi Valley is an ideal spring destination for visitors, where you can find peach and azalea blossoms everywhere. The Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon The Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon is the deepest canyon in the world. With a total length of about 500 kilometers, its altitude spans from 7, 782 meters at Namchak Barwa, the highest peak of the eastern Himalayas, to 550 meters around the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley. One unique feature of the spring sight here is that visitors can enjoy both the peach blossoms and the snow-capped mountains at the same time. Lulang Scenic Zone Lulang Scenic Zone, located in Lulang town, covers a land area of 859, 000 square meters with artificial lakes. The scenic zone contains rich natural scenery, including forest-clad mountains, flowers, lakes and beautiful landscapes, with snowy mountains seen in the far background. Every year from April to June, with wild flowers blossoming alongside the meandering streams and snowy mountains towering in the backdrop, the whole landscape presents a peaceful and pleasant sight. 1．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A market report. B．A travel brochure. C．A geography textbook. D．A science magazine. 2．Which is best recommended to the one interested in medicine and biology? A．Peach blossom valley, Nyingchi. B．Nanyi Valley. C．The Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon. D．Lulang Scenic Zone. 3．What do the last two destinations have in common? A．They are in the town. B．They have a top record in the world. C．They are rich in the natural attractions. D．They are famous for the artificial scenic spots. B When cultural heritage sites disappear, they’re gone forever. However, they are being endangered at an alarming rate by rising seas (Venice), pollution (the Taj Mahal) and overtourism (Angkor Wat). Just to name a few. But when we try to protect these heritage sites, we also have to face such thorny questions as “What part of the past is worth preserving and passing on to the next generations? What duty do we owe to the creations of our ancestors? What strength do we draw from their presence — and when, on the contrary, do they become a lead weight, preventing us from projecting ourselves into the future?” Humankind has answered these difficult questions differently in different places. In Dresden, Germany, the Frauenkirche was an 18th-century church whose bell-shaped top was a landmark. In February, 1945, one of the most destructive bombing attacks of World War II killed more than 25, 000 people and reduced the city to ruins. With Dresden slowly rebuilt after the war, the Frauenkirche was left in ruins. But after German reunification, the church was reconstructed using many of its original materials, as a statement of peace and harmony. Like the Frauenkirche, Notre Dame, a landmark in Paris, which was destroyed by fire in 2019, is being rebuilt as close as possible to how it was before, including using the original and poisonous metal-lead-for the roof. That choice was controversial, as future choices are bound to be in the debate about how to restore and preserve historic buildings. Perhaps, no one can claim to have the right answers on preservation. There may not even be right answers. What we will do is to continue to take care of important cultural heritage sites, as a matter of significance to humanity’s past, present and future. 4．Which heritage site is overcrowded? A．Venice. B．Dresden. C．The Taj Mahal. D．Angkor Wat. 5．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “thorny” in paragraph 2? A．Tough. B．Smart. C．Interesting. D．Important. 6．What does the author dislike about the rebuilding of Notre Dame? A．The high rebuilding costs. B．The timing of reconstruction. C．The choice of certain material. D．The significance of preservation 7．What message does the author seem to convey in the text? A．We should protect as many heritage sites as possible. B．It is better to leave the damaged historic buildings alone. C．Historic buildings should be rebuilt with the same materials. D．Heritage sites serve as an important link among human beings. C Polar bears normally need sea ice to hunt seals, but an isolated group of polar bears living on the mountainous coast of southeast Greenland have figured out how to make a living, even though the sea ice there melts away early in the year. These bears have found a way to supplement their limited sea ice supply by hunting on freshwater ice that comes from glaciers on land. The glacial ice falls off in pieces into fjords, where the pieces get together into a floating platform that the polar bears use to catch seals, according to a report in the journal Science. Climate change is making sea ice more and more scarce. Loss of sea ice is “the primary threat to polar bears, ” says Kristin Laidre of the University of Washington, lead author of the new study. But, she says, this new work suggests some bears might be able to cope with a decreased amount of sea ice—at least for a while—in places like Greenland where they can take advantage of floating glacier ice. While local people have long known that bears live in southeast Greenland, it’s a remote, challenging environment that’s not frequented by humans. “It’s a coastline with huge mountain peaks, lots of winds, extreme conditions and plenty of fogs, ” says Laidre, who has spent years working with colleagues to survey polar bears living on Greenland’s 1, 800-mile-long east coast. To see what they could find in southeast Greenland, the team had to take helicopters from the nearest settlement and fly for two hours in a straight line to the coast, “We arrived in these fjords, very isolated fjords, and there’s essentially no sea ice or very poor sea ice offshore, ” says Laidre, explaining that the researchers expected to find few bears. “But there were a lot of bears in these fjords, ” she says. “It was clearly just a unique habitat. ” The sea ice persisted in these fjords for only around a hundred days a year, she notes, meaning that bears don’t have much time to use it as a hunting ground. 8．What does the underlined word “supplement” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Make up for. B．Keep up with. C．Look forward to. D．Break away from. 9．What will happen to pieces of glacial ice after falling off? A．They will form various fjords. B．They will exist in fjords for only a hundred years. C．They will float into cold places and never disappear. D．They will gather to be a platform for polar bears to hunt. 10．What is the environment like in southeast Greenland? A．Crowded. B．Pleasant. C．Severe. D．Windless. 11．What is the text mainly about? A．Polar bears are on the edge of dying out. B．Polar bears no longer need sea ice to hunt seals. C．Polar bears can replace sea water with fresh water. D．Polar bears have another way to hunt with little sea ice. D Have you ever dreamed of meeting top scientists in person? If so, what would you want to ask them? For Tan Fanglin, a 15-year-old girl from No. 2 High School of East China Normal University in Shanghai, her dream of meeting top scientists has already come true. In October 2019, she attended the World Laureates Forum for a second time, which had attracted 44 Nobel Prize Winners and 21 other world-class award winners. Tan was by far the youngest participant among the scientists invited to be at the meeting of the world’s sharpest minds. Her discovery about the relationship between the Fibonacci sequence (斐波那契数列) and Bézout numbers (贝祖数) has won her many prizes in youth innovation competitions both in Shanghai and elsewhere in China. Her finding has been praised by the famous Canadian mathematician, Professor Rankin, who has been studying the same theme for five years but with no conclusions. From a very young age, Tan has always been fascinated by mathematics. This is largely because her father, who teaches mathematics in East China Normal University, has a profound impact on her. According to Xu Jun, the head teacher, Tan doesn’t take after-school classes or too many extra exercises either. Her mastering of Advanced Mathematics and her good grades in school are thanks to the right study method. Her mother told Guangming Daily that Tan always treats studying and life with a positive state of mind so she can feel happy while studying. Attending this forum enabled Tan to get more inspiration from top scientists. She even got the opportunity to talk with Gero Miesenbock, the 2019 Warren Alpert Foundation Prize winner. She asked Professor Miesenbock what he considered were the best personal qualities for conducting scientific research. Miesenbock encouraged her not to lose her passion and love for what she does. He said that accepting failures is crucial for researchers. He stressed that people all knew that even Thomas Edison went through hundreds of unsuccessful attempts before finally inventing the light bulb. The words made Tan feel inspired and she promised to keep her curiosity and interests in mathematics and overcome any obstacles in her research. 12．What can we learn about Tan Fanglin according to paragraph 2? A．She is a student from East China Normal University. B．She frequently participates in the World laureates Forum. C．She achieved her goal of meeting world-class award winners. D．She was the youngest and sharpest mind among the invited scientists. 13．What made Tan so interested in the study of mathematics? A．Her father's influence. B．Her right study method. C．Her positive attitude. D．Her head teacher’s encouragement. 14．According to Miesenbock, the most important quality for science researchers is . A．learning from the past failures B．being curious and interested C．being passionate about science D．getting inspiration from scientists 15．What might be the best title for the passage? A．The Key to Be a Top Scientist B．A Student Inspired by Top Minds C．A Dream to Be a Mathematician D．An Outstanding Girl Tan Fanglin 山东省烟台市招远市2023-2024学年高二下学期期中英语试题 一、阅读理解 A One of the best ways to pay for college is to find work that helps foot part of the school fee. Here are 4 types of part-time jobs that provide students with extra income. Jobs with employer scholarships Some companies offer help paying for college through scholarship programs. Taco Bell, for instance, offers its part- time employees the chance to win up to a $ 25 ,000 award through its Live Mas Scholarship. The award can be used toward vocational schools or a two- or four-year college. Employees must have worked for the company at least three continuous months. Work-study For years the work-study program has allowed students to earn money through part-time work. Students aged between 16 and 24 who file  Free Application for Student Aid maybe qualified for the program.While these jobs aren't always on campus, students in work study earn at least $7.25 per hour一the state minimum wage. Paid internships A paid internship (实习) can not only help students pay for college but can also open doors for full-time work after graduation .According to a 2019 survey by the National Association of Colleges and Employers, nearly two-thirds of paid interns received a job offer，while just about 44% of  unpaid interns were offered a job. On-demand economy jobs Known for its flexibility，the jobs can help students earn cash between classes.These on-demand jobs include completing small jobs， making deliveries or even driving for ride-booking services.Students can typically earn more through on-demand work，ranging from $10 to $20 an hour. 1．What are the applicants for the work-study program required to do? A．Submit an application form. B．Work part time for years. C．Accept the minimum wage. D．Live and work one campus. 2．What is the advantage of On-demand economy jobs? A．Providing scholarships. B．Having fixed workplace. C．Including an extra award. D．Offering more job options. 3．Which program is of great help for students to find a full-time job? A．Jobs with employer scholarships. B．On- demand economy jobs. C．Paid internships. D．Work- study. B Cooking is Chris Spear's passion. He's been professionally cooking since he was 16. Over the years, he worked for big restaurants and reached a point where he had almost 100 employees reporting to him. That's when he missed flexibility and wanted to be more creative. So, he quit working for restaurants and set up his own catering (餐饮) company, Perfect Little Bites in Frederick, Maryland. Spending long hours in the kitchen doesn't tire Spear, but he had often been concerned that becoming an independent chef would make him feel lonely. Spear said he wanted to find an arrangement that would be beneficial to all such groups but didn't cost them any money. That inspired him to found Chefs Without Restaurants, an online resource for chefs. Now he has a Facebook group where he can post information about, for instance, a potential customer who wants to arrange a dinner in a given location and within a certain price range, and he can offer interested chefs more information. Customers can also benefit from this network. Spear is building a website where customers will be able to check out profiles of the Chefs Without Restaurants members, learn about their specialties and see what kinds of events they can cater, large or small. Sharon Streb, owner of Oil & Vinegar Frederick which introduces cooking ideas and chefs to their customers, said small businesses should help one another succeed. "When other chefs and businesses come to my store, they get in front of our customers and hopefully we get in front of their customers. That's a win-win for both of us," she said. "It's tough out there for a small business, and not a lot of small businesses succeed. It's important that we can work together and be successful, both of us. " That's the goal for Spear, who wants to carve out a space for independent chefs on the food map in the area. 4．Why did Spear start his own business? A．He got tired of being a chef. B．He longed to help other chefs. C．He wanted to make more profits. D．He sought not to be bound. 5．What is the original purpose of Chefs Without Restaurants? A．To compete with other chefs. B．To provide training for chefs. C．To share resources among chefs. D．To set up virtual restaurants. 6．What of the network will appeal to customers? A．Data about chefs. B．Price ranges of dinners. C．Locations of restaurants. D．Events held around. 7．What does the author intend to do by quoting Sharon Streb's words in paragraph 4? A．Reveal the toughness of small businesses. B．Stress the significance of Spear's work. C．Call on other businesses to join the group. D．Show customers' appreciation for Spear. C A food-tech startup in New York has developed technology to preserve food for months without a fridge and artificial preservatives(人工防腐剂). To cut down millions of tons of food waste worldwide, it also may transform agriculture in developing countries where refrigerated shipping containers and trains are rare or expensive. Have you ever wondered why we don’t devote more farmland to growing fruits and vegetables since they’re much more nutritious? The reason is food’s spoilage(变质). Farther Farms’ unique CO₂ pasteurization(巴氏杀菌法) technology is a simple fix that can spin out packaged foods ’shelf life at room temperature. Their first choice was French fries which would normally need to be frozen to survive trips between production facilities and supermarkets. They can’t be pasteurized like other goods. Instead, Farther Farms puts them into special packaging and fills it with specially made CO₂, preventing damage from bacteria. Growing up in India in a farming family, co-founder Vipul Saran developed Farther Farms as a student at Cornell University. His familiarity with the costs and the trouble of moving agricultural products from farms into towns and cities before they spoiled influenced his development of the technology. “The whole goal is, basically, how we can look into new food processing technologies that can allow us to create value-added food products from these easily spoilt food products, which avoids the need and the dependency on freezing as much as possible,” Saran said. Rather than packaging apples or potatoes in a plastic bag, the Farther Farms tech is ideal for value-added food products, not only because they require packaging of some kind, but also because they earn farmers more money. Rather than needing to transport them by refrigerated boxcar or shipping container, Farther Farms would ship them at any temperature, thus allowing food producers of all kinds to reach the maximal number of markets. 8．What can be learned about the new technology? A．It improves food safety standards. B．It’s used for reducing food waste. C．It strengthens the cold chain in India. D．It simplifies the food production process. 9．What does the underlined phrase “spin out” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Check. B．Limit. C．Lengthen. D．Damage. 10．How does the new technology work? A．By heating the food before packaging. B．By freezing the food as early as possible. C．By recycling special packaging materials. D．By filling food packaging with special CO₂. 11．What’s the impact of this new technology on farmers? A．It reduces the storm damage to their crops. B．It expands the market and increases their income. C．It offers them more farmland available for food production. D．It makes them gain more professional agricultural knowledge. D The world's largest iceberg is floating toward South Georgia in the southern Atlantic Ocean. Scientists fear the iceberg could crash into the island and block major feeding areas for a large population of penguins and seals. If the iceberg hits the island, it could prevent the penguins and seals from reaching food supplies. The huge iceberg is named A68a. It broke away from Antarctica's Larsen C Ice Shelf in 2017. Satellite images show the iceberg has remained in one piece. It is estimated to be about 150 kilometers long and 48 kilometers wide. It is traveling at one kilometer per hour and is on a path to hit South Georgia in around 30 days. This is the time of year when seals and penguins spend a lot of time caring for their young. The distance that parents have to travel to find food is crucial. That means they have to go a lot further or go around the iceberg to find sources of food. Ecologists say an iceberg crash would also disturb materials settled on the seabed, possibly polluting the surrounding seas. As the iceberg melts, it would also release large amounts of fresh water into the ocean. This could affect krill （磷虾）populations that are a major source of food for the island's wildlife. The iceberg could remain for up to 10 years and change the area's whole ecosystem. These are globally significant populations of these species. If these species fail in this particular area, then the numbers globally are going to go down quite dramatically. Professor Geraint Tarling, an ecologist at the British Antarctic Survey, said, "The breaking off of icebergs from Antarctica is a natural process. But the process is changing with climate change. What we're seeing with models and some observations now is that this is happening at an increasing rate. And so, this might become more of a usual thing in the future." 12．Why are the scientists worried about the coming iceberg crash? A．It will bring extremely cold weather. B．It will destroy the feeding areas of the animals. C．It will put wildlife on the island at risk of starving. D．It will prevent animals from moving to other places. 13．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The characteristic of the iceberg. B．The importance of the iceberg. C．The traveling speed of the iceberg. D．The forming process of the iceberg. 14．What damage can an iceberg crash bring according to paragraph 4? A．Using up much fresh water. B．Polluting the surrounding farms. C．Changing the world's ecosystem. D．Affecting the number of certain species. 15．How does Tarling think of the breaking off of icebergs from Antarctica? A．It may slow down in the near future. B．It may become common in the future. C．It has a great influence on the climate. D．It helps scientists conduct a sea study. 答案： 山东省潍坊市寿光市2023-2024学年高二下学期4月期中英语试题 1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文，主要介绍了英国西北部城市布莱克浦的一个新开的博物馆Showtown，以及它的各种展览和门票价格等相关信息。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It’s been 10 years in the making and is the only museum UK dedicated to circus (马戏团), dance and shows. ”（这座博物馆历时10年，是英国唯一一座致力于马戏、舞蹈和表演的博物馆。）可知，Showtown里有各种娱乐活动。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Showtown features five galleries, including “How’s Tricks?” where visitors can go behind the scenes in a Blackpool magic shop to try out practical jokes and magic tricks. ”（Showtown有五个小剧场，包括“How’s Tricks?”，游客可以走进布莱克浦的魔术店的幕后，尝试恶作剧和魔术。）可知，How’s Tricks?这个展览让游客有亲手体验的机会，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Children aged 3 and under —FREE；Students/Adults age 65+ - £13. 50”（3岁及以下儿童免费；学生/65岁以上的成人13. 50英镑）可知，一对65岁的夫妇带着两个3岁以下的孩子要付13. 5+13. 5=27英镑。故选D。 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．B 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章作者叙述了自己和丈夫Frank如何策划并执行一个恶作剧，即用速溶咖啡冒充研磨咖啡来愚弄一群自认为是咖啡专家的朋友。 4．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“But just because of your tolerance of your friends’ behavior, it doesn’t mean you can’t try to fool them. (但仅仅因为你能容忍朋友的行为，并不意味着你不能愚弄他们。)”可知，作者和丈夫一直想要戏弄一下朋友们。再根据下文内容可知，两人执行了这个恶作剧。由此可推测，划线词pull off的意思是“实施、完成”。选项A“Reveal(揭示)”；选项B“Revise (修改)”；选项C“Clarify (澄清)”；选项D“Accomplish (完成)”。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“My husband Frank and I were planning to pull off the trick of the century. At weekend, we invited our friends to our home. (我丈夫Frank和我正计划上演世纪恶作剧。在周末，我们邀请我们的朋友到我们家。)”可知，作者和她的丈夫Frank计划了一个恶作剧，并在周末邀请了他们的朋友来家里。因此，作者和丈夫邀请朋友们是为了对他们开一个玩笑。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“They wouldn’t be able to tell that I had put rice in the grinder rather than coffee beans. The noise level would be the same. Then I put a fresh coffee filter(过滤器)in the coffeemaker, added the filtered water, and very, very carefully counted out the number of spoons of coffee I needed for twelve cups. Twelve cups of instant coffee, that is! From a jar. No beans to be seen. (他们不会知道我在研磨机里放的是大米而不是咖啡豆。噪音水平是一样的。然后我把一个新鲜的咖啡滤纸放进咖啡机，加入过滤过的水，然后非常非常仔细地数出我需要12杯咖啡的勺数。就是12杯速溶咖啡！从一个罐子里。没有豆子。)”可知，作者并没有使用咖啡豆，而是从罐子里取出了速溶咖啡。因此，她的朋友们在她家喝的是速溶咖啡。故选A。 7．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Then I put a fresh coffee filter(过滤器)in the coffeemaker, added the filtered water, and very, very carefully counted out the number of spoons of coffee I needed for twelve cups. Twelve cups of instant coffee, that is! From a jar. No beans to be seen. (然后我把一个新鲜的咖啡滤纸放进咖啡机，加入过滤过的水，然后非常非常仔细地数出我需要12杯咖啡的勺数。就是12杯速溶咖啡！从一个罐子里。没有豆子。)”可知，作者给朋友们喝的是速溶咖啡，没有使用咖啡豆。再根据最后一段“I told them that it was a secret mixture of various beans that a friend had suggested and I wasn’t able to expose the exact combination. (我告诉他们，这是一个朋友建议的各种豆子的秘密混合物，我无法透露确切的混合物。)”可知，作者告诉她的朋友们她使用了一种秘密配方的咖啡豆，这是为了掩盖真相，即她其实没有使用任何咖啡豆，而是用了速溶咖啡。因此，她没有告诉她的朋友们关于咖啡豆的真正原因是因为根本就没有咖啡豆。故选B。 8．B 9．B 10．A 11．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一项来自未来工作研究所的开创性研究发现，新技术（包括追踪器、机器人和基于AI的软件）在工作中的使用对人们的生活质量产生了负面影响，而长期使用的信息和通信技术（如笔记本电脑、平板电脑和即时通讯）在工作中的使用对人们的健康和幸福感产生了更积极的影响。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The authors found that the more workers were exposed to technologies in three of these categories —software based on AI and machine learning; monitor devices such as wearable trackers; and robotics-the worse their health and wellbeing tended to be. ”（作者发现，工人们接触到的这三类技术——基于AI和机器学习的软件，如可穿戴追踪器的监控设备；和机器人——越多，他们的健康和幸福感就越差。）可知，新技术使人们的生活变得更糟。故选B。 9．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Dr Magdalena Soffia, the study's lead author, said it was not necessarily the technologies themselves that are the problem, but the way in which they are adopted. ”（研究的主要作者Magdalena Soffia博士说，问题不一定在于技术本身，而在于它们被采用的方式。）可知，本段描述了问题的起源在于新技术的采用方式。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Discussing the promotion to quality of life from ICTs, she suggestedone possible potential mechanism is that actually what they do is to streamline work processes, and they make working life a bit more efficient. ”（在讨论ICTs对生活质量的提升时，她提出一种可能的潜在机制实际上是它们简化了工作流程，使工作生活变得更有效率。）可知，ICTs通过提高工作效率对我们有益。故选A。 11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If we put the proper guardrails in place, AI can be controlled to genuinely enhance productivity and improve working lives. ”（如果我们设置了适当的护栏，人工智能就可以被控制，真正提高生产力，改善工作生活。）可知，Mary Towers觉得新技术是有希望的。故选C。 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了两位计算社会科学家Mark Whiting和Duncan Watts对“常识”这一概念进行的研究，他们发现真正的“常识”是一种难以捉摸的东西。 12．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They started by noting that the standard concept of common sense has a somewhat circular definition: common sense is a set of claims that sensible (明智的) people agree with, and sensible people are those who possess common sense. ”（他们首先指出，标准的常识概念有一个相当循环的定义：常识是一组明智的人们所同意的主张，而明智的人就是那些拥有常识的人。）可推知，标准的常识观念是明智的人们所达成的共识。故选D。 13．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“the researchers found that plainly worded claims concerning facts about the real world were the most likely to berated as demonstrating common sense (“triangles have three sides”, for example, which is true by definition, or “avoid close contact with people who are ill”). ”（研究人员发现，关于现实世界的事实的明确表述最有可能被认为是展示常识的（例如，“三角形有三条边”，这是定义上的真理，或者“避免与生病的人密切接触”））可推知，参与者最有可能认为“饭前洗手”是常识。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“A respondent’s age, sex, income and personal politics had little effect on what they thought counted as common sense, although psychological measures of social perceptiveness and the ability to reflect on one’s opinions did. ”（应答者的年龄、性别、收入和个人政治观念对他们认为什么算是常识的影响很小，尽管社会洞察力和反思自己观点的能力的心理测量确实有影响。）可推知，社会洞察力影响人们对常识的判断。故选C。 15．主旨大意题。根据全文内容和最后一段“But truly “common” sense, it seems, is an unreadable thing. ”（但是，真正的“常识”，看起来，是一种难以捉摸的东西。）可知，本文主要介绍了两位计算社会科学家Mark Whiting和Duncan Watts对“常识”这一概念进行的研究，他们发现真正的“常识”是一种难以捉摸的东西，所以“常识其实并不普遍”适合作为文章标题。故选D。 山东省济宁市曲阜市2023—2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试卷 1．A 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了智能家居产品，让生活互联，并提供了一些智能家居产品供了解。 1．细节理解题。根据Nest Cam IQ部分中的“The Nest Cam IQ is a beautifully designed home security camera that can recognize faces. It can warn you if there’s a stranger in your home. The device also supports two-way communication via built-in microphones and a powerful speaker.(Nest Cam IQ是一款设计精美的家庭安全摄像头，可以识别人脸。如果家里有陌生人，它会提醒你。该设备还支持通过内置麦克风和强大的扬声器进行双向通信)”可知，该设备可保障家居安全。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据Logitech Harmony Elite部分中的“It can control just about every piece of electronics you own (it supports over 270,000 devices!) in every room of your house or apartment, including TVs, streaming devices, and sound systems.(它可以控制你家里或公寓每个房间里的几乎每一件电子产品（它支持超过27万台设备！），包括电视、流媒体设备和音响系统)”可知，可远程控制家居电子设备的是Logitech Harmony Elite。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章标题“Smart Home Products for Living a Connected Life(智能家居产品，实现互联生活)”及下文介绍可知，文章主要介绍了智能家居产品，让生活互联，并提供了一些智能家居产品供了解。由此推知，这篇文章很可能来自某网站的科技专栏。故选C。 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了每年万圣节后，会有许多南瓜被浪费，所以Kay McKeen创办《南瓜粉碎》来保护环境。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段““Driving around after Halloween, you see people with pumpkins on top of their garbage bins. All of that will go to a landfill and become methane gas which warms the atmosphere in a shorter amount of time than carbon dioxide,” says Kay McKeen, the director of an environmental education organization based in State of Illinois. “And landfills—where we send as much as 40 percent of the food we produce—contribute to 14 percent of U.S. methane emissions every year.” That’s why, in 2014, McKeen began Pumpkin Smash.(“万圣节过后开车四处转转，你会看到人们在垃圾桶上放南瓜。所有这些都将进入垃圾填埋场，变成甲烷气体，在比二氧化碳更短的时间内使大气变暖，”伊利诺斯州一家环境教育组织的负责人凯·麦基恩说。“而垃圾填埋场——我们生产的40%的食物都被送到那里——每年占美国甲烷排放量的14%。”这就是为什么麦基恩在2014年创办了《南瓜粉碎》)”可知，麦基恩出于环境问题开始《南瓜粉碎》。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Though the event is currently limited to several towns, but by their own calculations, the event has saved 538 tons of pumpkins from the landfill. “It puts nutrients (营养物) back in our soil, it saves water, and it doesn’t make methane gas,” says McKeen.(虽然这项活动目前仅限于几个城镇，但据他们自己的计算，这项活动已经从垃圾填埋场中节省了538吨南瓜。麦基恩说：“它把营养物质放回土壤中，它节约了水，而且它不会产生甲烷气体。”)”可知，《南瓜粉碎》创造了一个双赢的结果。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Pureed (糊状的) pumpkin is a common ingredient in baked goods like breads and pies.(南瓜泥是面包和馅饼等烘焙食品的常见成分)”可知，最后一段的建议是在烘焙时使用南瓜泥。故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据第一段“More than one billion pounds of pumpkins are grown in the U.S. every year, and after they’ve been used for Halloween decorations, millions of them—large, mini, orange, white—will end up in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).(美国每年种植超过10亿磅的南瓜，在它们被用作万圣节装饰之后，数百万的南瓜——大的、小的、橙色的、白色的——最终会被扔进垃圾填埋场)”结合文章主要说明了每年万圣节后，会有许多南瓜被浪费，所以Kay McKeen创办《南瓜粉碎》来保护环境。可推知，文章选自当地报纸，故选A。 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是北京胡同的历史，成因及作用。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“They come to see the grand sights of the Great Wall and the Forbidden City, but often it is the hutongs that leave the strongest impression, as they offer travellers a rare view into Beijing’s past.(他们来这里是为了参观长城和紫禁城等宏伟的景点，但给人留下最深印象的往往是胡同，因为它们为游客提供了了解北京历史的难得机会)”可知，胡同给外国人留下最深刻的印象，因为它们使游客更好地了解北京的历史。故选D。 9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The majority of Beijing’s hutongs were built between the 13th and 19th centuries during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. To help them keep control over the city, the Emperors during these periods arranged different areas of Beijing in neat blocks of houses built around courtyards. They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made it easier to keep an eye on people’s movements. (北京的胡同大多建于13世纪至19世纪的元、明、清时期。为了保持对城市的控制，这些时期的皇帝在北京的不同区域安排了整齐的房屋，这些房屋围绕着庭院建造。然后，他们可以在各个胡同的入口处设置警卫，这样更容易监视人们的行动。)”可知，修建胡同的目的是为了加强皇帝对国家的统治。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The Emperor’s home, the Forbbiden City, was in the center of Beijing and the homes of the nobles and wealthy citizens were in the hutongs closest to the royal palace. Ordinary citizens lived in the hutongs further away from the palace.(皇帝的家，紫禁城，在北京的中心，贵族和富有的市民的家在最靠近皇宫的胡同里。)”可知，普通市民住在远离宫殿的胡同里，胡同是按阶级等级排列的。故选A。 11．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Hutongs — the many little alleys that connect the rectangular courtyards of traditional houses — are a feature of ancient Chinese architecture. Beijing’s hutongs are particularly famous, however, as there are thousands of them. Nowadays, the word “hutong” has come to mean more than just the alleys that connect the courtyards. It also refers to the courtyards themselves and even to the communities that live there.(胡同——连接传统房屋的长方形庭院的许多小巷子——是中国古代建筑的一个特色。然而，北京的胡同尤其有名，因为有成千上万的胡同。如今，“胡同”一词已经不仅仅意味着连接庭院的小巷。它也指庭院本身，甚至指居住在那里的社区。)”以及后文对胡同的作用，目的和安排的介绍可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一种传统的建筑——胡同。故选B。 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了常见的水生植物浮萍中可以生产出生物燃料，未来可能是非常重要的可持续能源来源。但是也面临着很多的争议和局限性。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed, one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants.”（科学家们已经找到了从浮萍中提取大量油的方法，浮萍是自然界中生长最快的水生植物之一。）可知，人们可以从浮萍中提炼出植物油。故选A项。 13．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“and the researchers suggest it could be a game-changing renewable energy source for three key reasons.”（研究人员认为，浮萍可能是一种改变游戏规则的可再生能源，原因有三个。）以及“For the new study, Shanklin says, the researchers added an oil-producing gene, “turning it on like a light switch” by introducing a particular molecule (分子) only when the plant had finished growing.”（Shanklin说，在这项新研究中，研究人员添加了一种产油基因，只有在植物生长结束时才引入一种特定的分子，“像打开电灯开关一样打开它”。）可知，第四段主要讲的是关于革命性能源的潜力。故选C项。 14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“To expand production to industrial levels, scientists will need to design and produce large-scale bases for growing engineered plants and obtaining oil a challenge. Shanklin says, because duckweed is a non-mainstream crop without much existing infrastructure (基础设施).”（为了将生产扩大到工业水平，科学家将需要设计和生产大规模的基地来种植转基因植物，而获取石油是一个挑战。尚克林说，因为浮萍是一种非主流作物，没有太多现有的基础设施。）可知，基础设施决定了工厂的大规模生产。故选D项。 15．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed, one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants. Transferring such plant oil into biodiesel (生物柴油) for transportation and heating could be a big part of a more sustainable future.”（科学家们已经找到了从浮萍中提取大量油的方法，浮萍是自然界中生长最快的水生植物之一。将这种植物油转化为生物柴油，用于运输和供暖，可能是一个更可持续的未来的重要组成部分。）可知，文章主要介绍常见的水生植物浮萍中可以生产出生物燃料，未来可能是非常重要的可持续能源来源。A选项Duckweed Power“浮萍的力量”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选A项。 山东省邹城市2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题 21．D 22．A 23．C 【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Iowa州立大学图书馆的不同分区。 21．推理判断题。根据文章Quiet Area部分内容“The Periodical Room on Floor 2 is a Quiet Zone, requiring an absolute minimum of noise and distraction. Users are completely banned from conversations (including mobile phones), and no group work is allowed. (二楼的期刊室是一个安静的区域，要求绝对的最小噪音和干扰。用户被完全禁止对话（包括手机），也不允许小组工作。)”可知，二楼的期刊室是一个安静的区域，要求绝对的最小噪音和干扰，故可推知其建议将手机调至静音模式，故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据文章Group Study Rooms部分“Group study rooms must be reserved online using a valid University account and a University Card on a first-come-first-served basis. (小组自习室必须使用有效的大学账户和大学卡在线预订，遵循先到先得的原则。)”可知，想要预订小组自习室，需要持有有效的学生卡，故选A。 23．细节理解题。根据文章Research Study Rooms部分“Food and fruit are forbidden, though drinks in covered, spill-proof containers are permitted. (食物和饮料是被禁止的，但饮料可以放在有盖的防溅容器里。)”可知，三明治是食物，是禁止带进的，故选C。 24．C 25．B 26．A 27．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Aarrav发明智能勺子的原因和过程。 24．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Aarrav Anil, the 17-year-old student With a passion for robotics from Bengraluro, invented a smart spoon that can help people with Parkinson’s disease eat with dignity. (这位17岁的学生从本格拉鲁罗开始热爱机器人技术，他发明了一种智能勺子，可以帮助帕金森病患者有尊严地吃饭。)”可知，Aarrav的发明能帮助帕金森氏症患者更容易地自己进食。故选C。 25．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Not everything went smoothly. ’It was frustrating not being able to find the tiny electronics parts I needed here in India. I had to order some from China. but they took ages to arrive. ’Aarrav said. Through tireless efforts. Aarrav made a first model but the handle was too slippery for his uncle to use so he had to change it. (“并不是一切都很顺利。“在印度找不到我需要的微型电子部件，我很沮丧。我不得不从中国订购一些，但它们花了很长时间才到。”阿尔拉夫说。通过不知疲倦的努力。阿尔拉夫做了第一个模型，但把手太滑了，他的叔叔无法使用，所以他不得不更换它。)”可知，Aarrav在采购原件和设计中都遇到了困难。由此可知，第三段强调了智能勺子的发明所面临的挑战。故选B。 26．词句猜测题。根据文章划线词后“the design based on the college’s feedback-that it needs to be waterproof so that it can be washed without damaging all the electronics inside; that it must be removable so it can be cleaned and replaced by a fork (根据学院的反馈，它需要防水，这样在清洗时不会损坏里面的所有电子设备;它必须是可拆卸的，这样就可以清洁和更换叉子)”可知，Aarrav根据学院的反馈对智能勺子进行调整，所以划线词的意思是“调整”。故选A。 27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Aarrav hopes that his smart spoon will begin to be manufactured on a small scale when the testing is complete. While other smart spoons already exist and two US companies are already producing their own versions, the cost is too high for most Indians. Aarrav’s version is estimated to cost around $80. His hope is that everyone with Parkinson’s disease will have access to a smart spoon. (Aarrav希望他的智能勺子能在测试完成后开始小规模生产虽然其他的智能勺子已经存在，两家美国公司已经在生产自己的版本，但对大多数印度人来说，成本太高了。Aarrav的版本估计售价在80美元左右。他希望每个患有帕金森氏症的人都能使用一个智能勺子。)”可知，他希望他的产品能投产，让患有帕金森氏症的人使用便宜的智能勺子，因此他是有雄心且有爱心的。故选D。 28．D 29．B 30．C 31．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是经过几十年的月球探索，一个戏剧性的愿景终于成为现实，即人类的许多象征性遗产将被储存在月球上。 28．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Guardian recently reported that a project called Lunar Codex is planning to send and store over 30, 000 works on the moon from artists, writers, filmmakers, and musicians from over 150 countries and regions. (《卫报》最近报道称，一个名为Lunar Codex的项目计划将来自150多个国家和地区的艺术家、作家、电影制作人和音乐家的3万多件作品发送并储存在月球上。)”可知，此处活动将一些人类的艺术作品发送并储存在月球上，由此可知，此次活动的目的是保护一些人类的艺术作品和文化遗产。故选D项。 29．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In 1969, the Apollo 12 mission carried a ceramic piece with drawings. In 1971, the Apollo 15 staff left a sculpture to honor those who had died in space exploration. What’s more famous is the Golden Record carried by spacecraft Voyager 1 and 2 from NASA in 1977, which contains human language, music and images. For example, a piece of Chinese guqin music, called Flowing Streams was included in it. (1969年，阿波罗12号的任务携带了一件带有图画的陶瓷作品。1971年，阿波罗15号的工作人员留下了一座雕塑，以纪念那些在太空探索中遇难的人。更著名的是1977年美国宇航局的旅行者1号和2号携带的黄金唱片，其中包含了人类语言、音乐和图像。例如，其中包括一首名为流水的中国古筝音乐。)”可知，文中提到了不同年代的送上太空作品的例子，由此可知，本段是通过举例子的手法介绍的。故选B项。 30．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although we don’t know who determines which symbols of human legacy get sent out to space in most projects, it’s obvious that the criteria keep changing. In the past，space heritage products only focused on space-related works; but gradually, more human-related contemporary goods which held great importance in their respective eras have been added to the list. In the Lunar Codex, films, diverse art and literary works produced by women, disabled artists, and even AI have been collected for the first time to be sent to the moon. (虽然我们不知道在大多数项目中是谁决定将哪些人类遗产的象征送入太空，但很明显，标准在不断变化。过去，空间遗产产品只关注与空间相关的作品;但渐渐地，更多与人类有关的、在各自时代具有重要意义的当代商品被加入了名单。在Lunar Codex中，首次收集了电影、女性、残疾人艺术家制作的各种艺术和文学作品，甚至人工智能也被送往月球。)”可知，随着标准的不断变化，越来越多的与人类有关的、在各自时代具有重要意义的当代商品被加入了送往太空的人类遗产名单，由此可以推断人类文明是包容的。故选C项。 31．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The Guardian recently reported that a project called Lunar Codex is planning to send and store over 30, 000 works on the moon from artists, writers, filmmakers, and musicians from over 150 countries and regions. The goods to be stored range from novels and paintings to music, films，and even soil from Earth. (《卫报》最近报道称，一个名为“月球法典”的项目计划将来自150多个国家和地区的艺术家、作家、电影制作人和音乐家的3万多件作品发送并储存在月球上。储存的物品从小说、绘画到音乐、电影，甚至是地球上的土壤。)”以及文章其他段落的内容可知，文章主要内容与月球探索有关，所以文章有可能出自一本与月球探索有关的杂志。故选A项。 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。在数字时代，过量的信息会造成学习停滞的问题，因此，在学习过程中，实践经验能帮助我们更全面的理解学习的知识，从而实现目标。 32．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“However, there exists a phenomenon where excessive learning can lead to inaction, a state of being overwhelmed by too much information. (然而，有一种现象是，过度学习可能导致无所作为，一种被太多信息淹没的状态。)”可知，数字时代给学习提供太多的信息，这些信息给人们带来困惑，由此可知，是这些信息带来的困惑阻止了人们达到学习的目标。故选C项。 33．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“This situation is a common trap: the endless pursuit of more information. Although gaining comprehensive knowledge is valuable, that is to say there’s nothing wrong with learning a lot, issues arise when this pursuit obstructs practical application. (这种情况是一个常见的陷阱:无休止地追求更多的信息。虽然获得全面的知识是有价值的，也就是说，学习很多知识并没有错，但当这种追求阻碍了实际应用时，问题就出现了。)”可知，作者认为学习很多知识并没有错，但当这种追求阻碍了实际应用时，就出现了问题，结合第四段中的“An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. (实现目标的另一种更有效的方法是在学习和实践之间取得平衡。)”可知，在学习与实践之间要寻求一种平衡，由此可推断，作者是建议人们要立刻采取实际行动。故选B项。 34．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical knowledge alone cannot. (这通常是最好的学习方式，因为实践经验提供了理论知识无法提供的见解。)”可知，学习的最好方法是通过实践去积累经验，结合第五段“A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually mastered. This method is applicable to goal achievement too. By engaging in action, learning from the outcomes, and adjusting accordingly, you gradually move closer to your goals. (婴儿不是通过坐着和分析走路的过程来学习走路的。相反，它通过尝试走路和摔倒来学习，然后从每次跌倒中了解什么有用，什么没用。通过反复的努力，最终学会了走路。这种方法也适用于目标实现。通过参与行动，从结果中学习，并做出相应的调整，你会逐渐接近你的目标)”可知，婴儿是通过不断的实践学习走路，在行动中不断地积累经验，由此可知，第五段通过“婴儿学习走路”的例子来解释通过行动和经验来学习这个观点。故选D项。 35．主旨大意题。根据文章全文，尤其是最后一段“In summary, while the pursuit of knowledge is valuable, it’s crucial not to let it become a barrier to action. Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interplay of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our aspirations. (总之，虽然追求知识是有价值的，但重要的是不要让它成为行动的障碍。学习应该是行动的垫脚石，而不是目的本身。只有通过收集知识和应用知识的相互作用，我们才能真正朝着我们的愿望前进。)”可知，在追求知识价值时，不能将其称为行动的障碍，由此可知，本文介绍在学习过程中，应将信息和实践相结合，这样能更好地实现目标，所以题目“学与做的和谐”与本文主旨相符。故选A项。 山东省枣庄市滕州市2023-2024学年高二下学期4月期中英语试题 1．B 2．B 3．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个西藏春天值得去的旅游目的地。 1．推理判断题。根据文章标题“Best Spring Destinations In Tibet(西藏最佳春季目的地)”结合文章主要介绍了四个西藏春天值得去的旅游目的地。可推知，文章选自旅行册。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Nanyigou scenic spot is 20 kilometers away from Milin county and is an important birthplace of the mysterious Tibetan medicine culture. The scenic area covers a total area of 820 hectares. The ecological conditions here are so good that the place is rich in various animal and plant species. (南一沟景区距米林县20公里，是神秘藏药文化的重要发祥地。景区总面积820公顷。这里的生态条件很好，动植物种类丰富)”可知，对医学和生物学感兴趣的人最好推荐南一沟。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“One unique feature of the spring sight here is that visitors can enjoy both the peach blossoms and the snow-capped mountains at the same time. (这里春天景色的一个独特之处在于，游客可以同时欣赏桃花和雪山)”以及最后一段“The scenic zone contains rich natural scenery, including forest-clad mountains, flowers, lakes and beautiful landscapes, with snowy mountains seen in the far background. Every year from April to June, with wild flowers blossoming alongside the meandering streams and snowy mountains towering in the backdrop, the whole landscape presents a peaceful and pleasant sight. (景区拥有丰富的自然风光，包括森林覆盖的山脉、鲜花、湖泊和美丽的风景，远处的背景是雪山。每年4月至6月，蜿蜒的小溪边，野花盛开，雪山高耸，整个景观呈现出一种宁静宜人的景象)”可知，最后两个目的地的共同之处是都有丰富的自然景点。故选C。 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了文物是一种珍贵的不可再生资源，但是该如何保护而不让它变成枷锁，答案则莫衷一是。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, they are being endangered at an alarming rate by rising seas (Venice), pollution (the Taj Mahal) and overtourism (Angkor Wat). (然而，由于海平面上升（威尼斯）、污染（泰姬陵）和过度旅游（吴哥窟），它们正以惊人的速度濒临灭绝)”可知，吴哥窟过于拥挤。故选D。 5．词句猜测题。根据画线词后的问题“What part of the past is worth preserving and passing on to the next generations? What duty do we owe to the creations of our ancestors? What strength do we draw from their presence — and when, on the contrary, do they become a lead weight, preventing us from projecting ourselves into the future?(过去的哪一部分值得保存并传给下一代？我们对祖先的创造负有什么责任？我们从他们的存在中获得了什么力量？相反，他们什么时候会成为阻碍我们展望未来的沉重负担？)”以及第三段“Humankind has answered these difficult questions differently in different places. (人类在不同的地方对这些难题给出了不同的回答)”可推断，人类面临一系列难题，故画线词意思是“困难的”。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Like the Frauenkirche, Notre Dame, a landmark in Paris, which was destroyed by fire in 2019, is being rebuilt as close as possible to how it was before, including using the original and poisonous metal-lead-for the roof. (像圣母教堂一样，巴黎的地标性建筑巴黎圣母院在2019年被大火烧毁，目前正在尽可能地重建，包括使用原始的有毒金属铅作为屋顶)”可知，作者认为如果刻板地坚持修旧如旧而保留有毒材料是不明智的。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“What we will do is to continue to take care of important cultural heritage sites, as a matter of significance to humanity’s past, present and future. (我们要做的是继续保护重要的文化遗产，这对人类的过去、现在和未来都具有重要意义)”可推断，作者认为重要的文物需要保护，因为那是人类的精神家园。故选D。 8．A 9．D 10．C 11．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在格陵兰岛东南部多山的海岸上生活着的北极熊，它们主要利用陆地上融化流出的淡水冰川捕猎。 8．词义猜测题。根据划线词后文“their limited sea ice supply by hunting on freshwater ice that comes from glaciers on land”以及第三段中“some bears might be able to cope with a decreased amount of sea ice—at least for a while—in places like Greenland where they can take advantage of floating glacier ice(在像格陵兰岛这样的地方，一些熊可能能够应对海冰减少——至少在一段时间内——在那里它们可以利用漂浮的冰川冰)”可知，这些北极熊是用淡水冰来补充稀缺的海冰。故画线词supplement与make up for表达的意思相同，意为“补充”。故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The glacial ice falls off in pieces into fjords, where the pieces get together into a floating platform that the polar bears use to catch seals, according to a report in the journal Science. (根据《科学》杂志上的一篇报道，冰川的冰块一块块地掉到峡湾里，在那里，这些碎片聚集在一起，形成一个漂浮的平台，北极熊用它来捕捉海豹)”可知，冰川冰块脱落后会将聚集在一起成为北极熊捕食的平台。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段“While local people have long known that bears live in southeast Greenland, it’s a remote, challenging environment that’s not frequented by humans. “It’s a coastline with huge mountain peaks, lots of winds, extreme conditions and plenty of fogs, ” says Laidre, who has spent years working with colleagues to survey polar bears living on Greenland’s 1, 800-mile-long east coast. (虽然当地人早就知道格陵兰岛东南部生活着熊，但这是一个偏远而充满挑战的环境，人类并不经常光顾。“这条海岸线上有巨大的山峰，大风，极端的条件和大量的雾，”Laidre说，他花了数年的时间和同事一起调查生活在格陵兰岛1800英里长的东海岸的北极熊)”可推知，格陵兰岛东南部的环境恶劣。故选C。 11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Polar bears normally need sea ice to hunt seals, but an isolated group of polar bears living on the mountainous coast of southeast Greenland have figured out how to make a living, even though the sea ice there melts away early in the year. (北极熊通常需要海冰来捕猎海豹，但生活在格陵兰岛东南部山区海岸的一群孤立的北极熊已经找到了谋生的方法，尽管那里的海冰在每年早些时候都会融化)”结合文章主要介绍了在格陵兰岛东南部多山的海岸上生活着的北极熊利用陆地上融化流出的淡水冰川捕猎。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是在海冰很少的情况下，北极熊有另一种捕猎方式。故选D。 12．C 13．A 14．A 15．B 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了受邀参加世界诺贝尔奖论坛的来自华东师大二附中高一的方琳介绍的学习经历及其科学成就，并指出这次论坛使谈方琳从顶尖科学家那里学到很多。 12．细节理解题。根据方琳受邀参加了世界诺贝尔奖论坛，尤其是第二段“her dream of meeting top scientists has already come true. ”她会见顶尖科学家的梦想已经实现了。可知，她实现了遇见世界级获奖者的目标。故选C项。 13．细节理解题。根据第四段“From a very young age, Tan has always been fascinated by mathematics. This is largely because her father, who teaches mathematics in East China Normal University, has a profound impact on her. ”从很小的时候起，谭就一直对数学着迷。这很大程度上是因为她在华东师范大学教数学的父亲对她产生了深远的影响。可知，她父亲的影响使谭对数学研究很感兴趣。故选A项。 14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“She asked Professor Miesenbock what he considered were the best personal qualities for conducting scientific research. Miesenbock encouraged her not to lose her passion and love for what she does. He said that accepting failures is crucial for researchers. ”她问米森博克教授，他认为从事科学研究的最佳的个人品质是什么。米森伯克鼓励她不要失去对自己工作的热情和热爱。他说，接受失败对研究人员来说至关重要。可知，米森伯克认为，科学研究者最重要的素质是接受过去的失败，从过去的失败中吸取教训。故选A项。 15．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了受邀参加论坛的来自华东师大二附中高一的方琳介绍的学习经历及其科学成就，以及这次论坛使谈方琳从顶尖科学家那里学到很多。可知，文章主要围绕受顶尖人才激励的学生方琳展开。故选B项。 【点睛】细节理解题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。多数情况下，作者不会明确的呈现一个事实，读者需要根据已有的信息进行处理，读出言外之意。还要特别注意文章的时间顺序、故事发生的地点、情节的发展和人物之间的关系。例如，第1题，根据方琳受邀参加了世界诺贝尔奖论坛，尤其是第二段“her dream of meeting top scientists has already come true. ”她会见顶尖科学家的梦想已经实现了。可知，她实现了遇见世界级获奖者的目标。故选C项。 山东省烟台市招远市2023-2024学年高二下学期期中英语试题 1．A 2．D 3．C 【分析】 本文是应用文，介绍了4种兼职工作，可以为学生提供额外收入，帮助支付大学费用。 1． 细节理解题。根据Work-study部分的介绍中“Students aged between 16 and 24 who file Free Application for Student Aid maybe qualified for the program. （年龄在16 —24岁之间的学生，可以提交免费申请学生资助，则有可能符合该项目的条件。）”可知，勤工助学的申请者要求提交申请。故选A 项。 2． 推理判断题。根据 On-demand economy jobs部分的介绍中“Known for its flexibility”“These on-demand jobs include completing small jobs，making deliveries or even driving for ride-booking services（这些按需工作包括完成小型工作、送货，甚至是驾驶预约车）”可知，该项目工作机会很灵活，提供更多种的工作机会。故选D项。 3． 细节理解题。根据Paid internships部分的介绍中“A paid internship (实习) can not only help students pay for college but can also open doors for full-time work after graduation .（带薪实习不仅可以帮助学生支付学费，还可以为你毕业后的全职工作打开大门。）”可知，带薪实习对学生毕业后找全职工作有帮助。故选C项。 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．B 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了克里斯·斯皮尔所创建的一个名为“没有餐厅的厨师”的在线资源，目的是在厨师之间共享资源。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Over the years, he worked for big restaurants and reached a point where he had almost 100 employees reporting to him. That's when he missed flexibility and wanted to be more creative. So, he quit working for restaurants and set up his own catering（餐饮）company,（多年来，他在大型餐厅工作，有近100名员工向他汇报工作。那时他失去了灵活性，想要更有创造力。所以，他辞掉了餐馆的工作，成立了自己的餐饮公司）”可知斯皮尔开创了自己的事业，因为他不想被束缚。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Spear said he wanted to find an arrangement that would be beneficial to all such groups but didn't cost them any money.That inspired him to found Chefs Without Restaurants, an online resource for chefs.（斯皮尔说，他想找到一种对所有这些群体都有利的安排，但又不花他们一分钱。这启发他创建了一个为厨师提供在线资源的“没有餐厅的厨师”）”可知“没有餐厅的厨师”的初衷是在厨师之间共享资源。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Spear is building a website where customers will be able to check out profiles of the Chefs Without Restaurants members, learn about their specialties and see what kinds of events they can cater, large or small. （斯皮尔正在建立一个网站，在这个网站上，顾客可以查看“无餐厅厨师”会员的资料，了解他们的专长，并了解他们可以承办的大型或小型活动。）”可知网络中关于厨师的数据会吸引顾客。故选A。 7．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“It's tough out there for a small business, and not a lot of small businesses succeed. It's important that we can work together and be successful, both of us. "（对于小企业来说，这是艰难的，而且没有多少小企业能成功。重要的是我们能一起工作并且成功）”以及“small businesses should help one another succeed.（小型企业应该互相帮助取得成功。）”可知引用莎朗·斯特莱布的话来强调斯皮尔的工作的重要性。故选B。 8．B 9．C 10．D 11．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是纽约一家食品科技初创公司开发了一种技术，可以在没有冰箱和人工防腐剂的情况下将食物保存数月。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“To cut down millions of tons of food waste worldwide, it also may transform agriculture in developing countries where refrigerated shipping containers and trains are rare or expensive.”（为了减少全球数百万吨的食物浪费，它还可能改变发展中国家的农业，在这些国家，冷藏集装箱和火车很少或很昂贵。）可知，这项新技术被用来减少食物浪费。故选B项。 9．词义猜测题。根据第二段“Instead, Farther Farms puts them into special packaging and fills it with specially made CO₂, preventing damage from bacteria.”（相反，Farther Farms将它们放入特殊的包装中，并填充特制的二氧化碳，以防止细菌的破坏。）可知，这项技术可以防止细菌的破坏，进而延长了包装食品的保质期，推断出画线短语spin out意为“延长”，与lengthen意思相同。故选C项。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段“Instead, Farther Farms puts them into special packaging and fills it with specially made CO₂, preventing damage from bacteria.”（相反，Farther Farms将它们放入特殊的包装中，并填充特制的二氧化碳，以防止细菌的破坏。）可知，新技术通过在食品包装中填充特殊的二氧化碳来起作用。故选D项。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Rather than packaging apples or potatoes in a plastic bag, the Farther Farms tech is ideal for value-added food products, not only because they require packaging of some kind, but also because they earn farmers more money. Rather than needing to transport them by refrigerated boxcar or shipping container, Farther Farms would ship them at any temperature, thus allowing food producers of all kinds to reach the maximal number of markets.”（与用塑料袋包装苹果或土豆不同，Farther Farms的技术是增值食品的理想选择，不仅因为它们需要某种包装，还因为它们能给农民带来更多收入。Farther Farms不需要用冷藏货车或集装箱运输，而是在任何温度下运输，从而使各种食品生产商能够最大限度地到达市场。）可知，这项新技术对农民的影响是它扩大了市场，增加了他们的收入。故选B项。 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B 【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述世界最大冰山即将撞上南乔治亚岛，岛上野生动物恐遭灭顶之灾 12．推理判断题。根据第一段“if the iceberg hits the island, it could prevent the penguins and seals from reaching food supplies.”（如果冰山撞击小岛，它会阻碍企鹅和海豹得到食物供应。）可推知，即将到来的冰山碰撞将使岛上的野生动物面临着挨饿的危险。故选C项。 13．主旨大意题。根据第二段的内容“The huge iceberg is named A68a. It broke away from Antarctica's Larsen C Ice Shelf in 2017. Satellite images show the iceberg has remained in one piece. It is estimated to be about 150 kilometers long and 48 kilometers wide. It is traveling at one kilometer per hour and is on a path to hit South Georgia in around 30 days.( 这座巨大的冰山被命名为A68a。2017年，它从南极洲的拉森C冰架脱离。卫星图片显示，冰山仍完好无损，预计长度为150公里、宽度为48公里。以每小时一公里的速度行进，将在大约30天内到达南乔治亚。)”可知，本段讲述了冰山的特点。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段的“This could affect krill （磷虾）populations that are a major source of food for the island's wildlife. The iceberg could remain for up to 10 years and change the area's whole ecosystem. These are globally significant populations of these species. If these species fail in this particular area, then the numbers globally are going to go down quite dramatically.( 这可能会影响磷虾的数量，而磷虾是岛上野生动物的主要食物来源。冰山可能会持续10年，并改变该地区的整个生态系统。这些是这些物种的主要居住地，如果这些物种在这个特定的领域衰败了，那么这些物种的全球数量将会急剧下降)”可知，冰山相撞会影响某些物种的数量。故选D。 15．细节理解题。根据最后一段Geraint Tarling 说的话“The breaking off of icebergs from Antarctica is a natural process. But the process is changing with climate change. What we're seeing with models and some observations now is that this is happening at an increasing rate. And so, this might become more of a usual thing in the future.”（南极洲的冰山脱落是一个自然过程。但这一过程正随着气候变化而改变。我们通过模型和一些观察现在看到的是，这种情况正在增加。因此，这在未来可能会成为一件更平常的事情。”）可知，Geraint Tarling认为未来冰山脱落可能会成为常态。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$