Unit 4 Space Exploration Word Study 课件-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit 4 Space Exploration Word Study Study Aims Review the defomation of some new words Master the basic usage and phrases of some key words Master the key phrases of Unit 4 Words Deformation Word Deformation intelligent adj. → n. determine vt. → adj. disappoint vt.→ adj. independent adj.→ n. argue v. → n. analysis n.→ pl. regular adj. → adv. mystery n. → adj. attach v. → n. intelligence determined disappointed independence argument analyses regularly mysterious attachment Key Words 1. determine vt.决定;决心;查明;确定;支配;影响 I have determined on spending my holiday at home. ① determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定 我已决定了在家度假。 ② determine to do sth. 决定做某事 既然你决定要去,你最好马上走。 Now that you determine to go, you'd better go at once. (1) determined adj.有决心的; 意志坚定的; 坚决的; 坚定的 ① be determined to do sth. 决心做某事 (P40)However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. 然而,一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。 determine to do sth 表示动作,为非延续性动词短语,不可与时间状语连用;be determined to do sth 表示状态,可与表示时间段的状语连用。 1. determine vt.决定;决心;查明;确定;支配;影响 (2) determination n.决定;决心;果断 单句填空 导学案P68 (1)We were determined ________(win) the game.  (2)I have determined _________spending my holiday at home.  (3)She has the______________(determine) to overcome all the obstacles to success.  The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it. 人生最重要的是要有一个伟大的目标，并决心实现它。 to win on/upon determination 2. transmit vt.&vi.传输;发送 ① transmit sth(from...) to... 把某物(从……)传到…… (P40)...and it still transmits data today.…… 时至今日它仍然能传送数据。 The ceremony was transmitted live by satellite to over 50 countries. 典礼通过卫星向50多个国家进行了实况转播。 (1) transmitter n.发射台;传播者 transmission n.传播;发射 Emphasis was placed on the school as a transmitter of moral values. 人们强调学校为道德价值观的传输者。 【变式训练】导学案P69 单句填空 (1)The message was transmitted _________a radio station to audience.  (2)It's generally believed that schools are ________________ (transmitter) of moral values.  (3)The _______________(transmit) of the disease has been controlled now.  from transmitters transmission 9 3.disappointed adj. 失望的;沮丧的 (1) disappoint v.使失望 (2) disappointing adj.令人失望的 (3) disappointment n.令人失望的(人/事); 失望; 沮丧 ① be disappointed at /in /with sth. 把因某事而感到失望; 对……感到失望 I am afraid you are very disappointed with my bike. 恐怕你对我的自行车非常不满意吧。 ② be disappointed to do sth. 对做……感到失望 We were disappointed to find the museum closed. 博物馆已经关门,我们感到很沮丧。 ① to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是 【变式训练】 导学案P69 单句填空 (1)Your work is_________________(disappoint).  (2)We are much disappointed___________the speech.  (3)To my great _______________(disappoint),the council refused to consider my proposal.  (4)There were many people waiting at the bus stop,and some of them looked very anxious and _____________(disappoint).  disappointment disappointment disappointed at/in/with 11 4. desire n.渴望;欲望 vt.渴望;期望 (P41)These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. ① have a strong desire to do sth 迫切想要做某事 这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但是(人们)探索宇宙的渴望从未消亡。 ② have a strong desire for sth 迫切想得到某物 She had a strong desire for power. 她对权力有强烈的欲望。 He has a strong desire to see you. 他迫切想要见到你。 ③ desire to do sth 渴望做某事 desire (for) sth 渴望某物 She was tired of the life in the countryside and desired to go out. 她对乡下的生活感到厌倦,渴望走出去。 (不用于进行时态) 4. desire n.渴望;欲望 vt.渴望;期望 ④ desire sb. to do sth 渴望某人做某事 I desire her to set about the work at once. 我希望她立即开始工作。 ⑤ desire that+sb.+(should) do sth (宾从) 渴望/期望… Fewer people desire that they (should) live in the north of this country. 几乎没有人想住在这个国家的北部。 【注意】后接宾语从句时，宾从中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形” (should可以省略) 另外,含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气 (should+动词原形) (1) desirable adj.值得做的;值得拥有的 接宾语从句时,从句用 (should+) do形式的动词有: 一坚持 .二命令 ; . 三建议 ; ; ; 四要求 ; ; ; ; insist order command 辨析 desire, wish, want 三者都含有“想”“希望”之意。 desire 较正式，可代替 wish 和 want，强调主观愿望的热切，有“渴盼”的意思。 He got the book he desired. wish 语气比 desire 弱，一般用于难以实现或不可能实现的愿望，强调主观愿望，有“希望、愿、想”之意。 I wish I could have a new car. want 多用于口语和普通场合，有“想、要、需要”之意。 She wants me to go with her. suggest propose advise demand require request desire 【变式训练】 单句填空 导学案P70 (1)Anyone _________(desire) to vote must come to the meeting.  (2)It is obvious that they have no desire _______peace.  (3)But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she ________(desire) to get round the warning.  for desiring desired 他渴望赢得这场比赛。 (1)He_________________the game.  (2)He___________________the game.  (3)He___________________________the game. had a desire to win desired to win desired that he (should) win 【衔接写作】 一句多译 15 5. signal vt.& vi.标志着;标明;发信号 n.信号;标志 (P41)This signalled one step further in China's plan to establish a space station in the future. 这标志着中国未来建立空间站的计划又前进了一步。 ① signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 The police signalled the traffic to move forward slowly. 警察向来往车辆打信号,示意缓慢前行。 ② signal sth to sb 向某人示意某事 ③ signal (to sb) that 示意(某人)… ④ make/give a signal 发信号 ⑤ traffic signals 交通信号灯 现在分词：signalling/signaling 过去式：signalled/signaled 过去分词：signalled/signaled (1)When you come across the crossing, you should pay attention to the traffic ________(signal).  (2)He signalled to us__________(join)him.  (3)She made________signal with her arm for a left turn.  【变式训练】单句填空 P71 signals to join a (1)She ____________________________that everything was all right.她示意其他女孩一切正常。  (2)She crossed the street__________________________.她违反信号灯横越马路。 【衔接写作】完成句子 signalled to the other girls against the traffic signal 17 6.lack n.缺少;不足(常用单数) v. 缺乏;短少;没有(不用于被动语态) ① for lack of... 由于缺少…… ② a lack of... 缺少…… ③ have no lack of... 不缺乏…… =lack (for) nothing (P42)Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy. 在太空中,由于缺乏重力,宇航员的骨头会变得脆弱,肌肉会变得无力,所以他们需要每天锻炼,这将帮助他们保持健康。 She was intelligent but suffered from a lack of ambition. ④ lack in... 在…上缺乏 ⑤ lack for... 缺乏…(多用于否定句) 她很聪明，但却缺乏远大志向。 They do not lack for funds. 他们不缺资金。 导 P76 T2 6.lack n.缺少;不足(常用单数) v. 缺乏;短少;没有(不用于被动语态) ① be lacking in... 缺少…… She seemed to be lacking in frankness. (1) lacking adj.短缺的;缺乏的 (不用于名词前) 【注意】lack作及物动词时不能用于被动语态,也不用于进行时;作不及物动词时,常接介词for或in; 作名词时,常接介词of。形容词lacking常与介词in连用。 她似乎不够坦率。 单句填空 (1)What __________(lack) today is the conflict between adolescents' desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world.  (2)Despite his lack ______experience,he got the job.  (3)The green hand is lacking_____practical experience. is lacking of in 【变式训练】导学案P77 7. beyond prep. ①［表示位置］在……的那边；远于： It is the only place beyond the Earth to have been visited by humans. ②［表示时间］在……以后；迟于： The party went on until beyond midnight. ③［表示数量、水平、限度］超出： I spent my childhood working, with responsibilities beyond my age. Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged. ④［表示范围］超出……的范围；非……所及： beyond repair / control / belief 无法修复/控制/相信 beyond the reach of sb / beyond one’s reach 触手可及 Such test is far beyond the ability of the average schoolkid. ⑤［常用于否定句和疑问句］除……以外： I know nothing of it beyond what he told me. be beyond sb 超出某人的理解能力： The whole problem was quite beyond him. adv 在更远处；更往后： look beyond 展望未来;向远处看 8. argue vi.& vt.论证;争辩;争论 ① argue with sb 　　　同某人争论 ② argue (with sb) over / about sth 就某事(与某人)争论 (P44)Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. 有些人认为我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。 ③ argue for / against 赞成/不赞成 I won't argue with you about this matter again. 我不会再和你争论这件事了。 He argued against the use of punishment for those who break school rules. 他反对对违反校规的人实施惩罚。 8. argue vi.& vt.论证;争辩;争论 ④ argue sb into / out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事 还有哪些短语含有“说服某人做某事”的意思? talk sb into doing sth、reason sb into doing sth、persuade sb into doing sth、persuade sb to do sth、 convince sb to do sth等。 【深度探究】 The workers,who argued(1)_______their own rights,argued (2)________the boss for a few days,but failed to argue him (3)______giving them a rise in wages.  for with into 【变式训练】用适当的介词填空 We tried to argue him out of his opinions. 我们想说服他放弃他的意见. 9. limit v.限制 n.限制;限度 limit... to...　　 把……限制在……之内 limit someone's freedom 限制某人的自由 ③ within limits 适度地;在某范围内 (1) limited adj.有限的 (2) limitless adj.无限制的;无界限的 I'm willing to help, within limits. 我愿意帮忙，可有一定的限度。 (P44)Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet's resources are limited. 看着我们的星球像是黑色大海中的一个岛屿的图片,人类意识到我们星球的资源是有限的。 We set a limit to the expense of the trip. 我们规定了这次旅游的费用。 ④ set a limit to 对……做了限制 (1)We must limit the expenses ___what we can afford.  (2)Just like a voyage at sea,our life journey,whose days are _________(limit),is full of difficulties. (3)The length of the article should be limited ___400 words or so.  (4)Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I've found that the possibilities that lie within books are ___________(limit).  to limited　 to 【变式训练】 单句填空 导学案P78 limitless 10.attach vt. 附上;系上;认为有重要性 attach importance/significance/value/weight to...　　 认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量 ② attach oneself to sb 和某人在一起;缠着某人;依恋;依附 ③ attach to sb / sth (使)与某人/某事有联系/关联 (P46) While sleeping, they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around. 睡觉时,他们必须把自己绑在某样东西上,以防止四处飘浮。 I attached great importance to this research. 我非常重视这项研究。 ④ be attached to 附属于;依恋;喜爱 摄象机与一台装置相连。 The camera is attached to a device . 【注意】attach...to... 结构中的to为介词,后接动词时要用 v-ing形式。 (1)We attach importance to ___________(build) up long business with customers.  (2)This scientist is also __________(attach) to the old painting.   (3)Please attach these labels_______your hand luggage.  building 【变式训练】单句填空 P79 attached to Key phrases 1. carry on 继续做;坚持干 (P41)This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. 这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。 You'll have an accident if you carry on driving like that. 如果你继续那样开车,你会出事故的。 carry on with sth =go on with sth 继续某事 carry on doing sth=go on doing sth 继续做某事 carry through 帮助……渡过难关;成功完成 carry out 执行;履行;实现;贯彻 carry off 赢得;获得 (1)It's a difficult job but she's the person to______ it ________.  (2)He ___________most of prizes in the Olympic Games.  (3)Let's___________talking about our plan for the winter holidays.  (4)When the plan was ____________, they met with a lot of difficulties. carried off carry on carry through 【变式训练】用carry相关短语填空 P71 carried out 31 2.so as to 为了;以便 (P44)Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people's short-term and long-term problems. 因此,太空探索应该继续下去,以便为人们的短期和长期问题提供新的更好的解决办法。 He went there quickly so as to meet her. 为了见到她,他很快就去了那里。 Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole.然后把管子放在适当的位置,这样(管子的)一端就可以固定在杯子里,另一端就可以抬高,伸出洞的边缘。 【注意】只有当不定式的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致时,才能用in order to或so as to作目的状语,否则,改用so that或in order that引导目的状语从句。 【深度探究】 so as to、 in order to、 so that和in order that辨析: 短语 用法比较 so as to 多置于句中,表示目的,意为“为了……”,其否定形式为so as not to in order to 位于句首或者句中均可,在句中作目的状语,意为“为了/以便……”;其否定形式是in order not to so that 引导目的状语从句或者结果状语从句。表示目的时,其后从句中的谓语动词多含有情态动词may、might、can、could等 in order that 引导目的状语从句,从句中谓语动词多含有情态动词may、might、can、could等 33 同义句转换 In order that you can keep energetic,you should exercise more. →You should exercise more ____________________keep energetic.  so as to / in order to 【衔接写作】导学案 P78 2. run out 用完;耗尽 (P45) It is necessary to find a new home for people in space,as the resources on Earth will run out. 在太空中找到新家园对人类来说是很有必要的,因为地球的资源会耗尽。 Food supplies had run out towards the end of the trip. 在旅行快结束时,食物已经吃完了。 Our time is running out. 我们的时间快没了。 run out of　用完;用光;用尽 give out 耗尽;筋疲力尽 use up 用完;耗尽 run for 竞选;匆匆去取 run across 偶然遇到 run into 撞上;遇到;邂逅 run through 浏览;跑着穿过 35 【深度探究】 run out of、run out、give out和use up的辨析: run out of 是及物动词短语,通常以人作主语,相当于use up,表示“用完;用尽” run out 是不及物动词短语,通常以物作主语,相当于give out give out 可表示物“用完”或人“筋疲力尽”;还表示“发出;分发;宣布”等 use up 是及物动词短语,表示“用完;用尽”,相当于run out of 36 单句填空 (1)Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running_________.We must act immediately before there's none left.  (2)The taxi ran _______the bike and the man on the bike was thrown off.  (3)She ran ________an old friend of hers on the way to the station.  out　 【变式训练】导学案 P79 into　 across 合成名词 说出下列合成名词的汉语释义。 space + walk → spacewalk n _______________ space + craft → spacecraft n _______________ man + kind → mankind n _______________ smart + phone → smartphone n _______________ heart + break → heartbreak n _______________ earth + quake → earthquake n _______________ fire + work → firework n _______________ chair + man → chairman n _______________ 太空行走 航天器；宇宙飞船 人类 智能手机 心碎；悲伤 地震 烟火；烟花 主席；董事长 近、现代英语中有大量的合成名词，其意思可以通过构成该合成词的单个词的意思推导出来。 分词形容词 用括号内单词的正确形式完成下列词块，体会分词形容词。 1. 意志坚定的人 a ______________ (determine) person 2. 老牌公司 an ______________ (establish) company 3. 高级学习者 ______________ (advance) learners 4. 人口老龄化 a(n) ______________ (age) population 5. 褪去的颜色 ______________ (fade) colour 6. 破坏性的影响 the ______________ (damage) effects 7. 退休医生 a ______________ (retire) doctor retired established faded advanced ag(e)ing damaging determined 很多动词的 -ed形式和 -ing 形式已经成为独立词条，称作分词形容词。 其中有一类分词形容词，如动词的___________形式表示动作已完成；动词的___________形式表示动作正在进行。 -ed -ing 合成形容词 说出下列合成形容词的汉语释义。 out + going → outgoing adj _______________ best + selling → bestselling adj _______________ good + looking → good-looking adj _______________ hard + working → hard-working adj _______________ out + standing → outstanding adj _______________ easy + going → easy-going adj _______________ on + going → ongoing adj _______________ in + coming → incoming adj _______________ 外向的 畅销的 好看的 / 漂亮的 工作努力的 优秀的 / 杰出的 随和的 持续进行的 （短信、邮件等） 进来的 “形容词 / 副词 + 动词-ing”可构成合成形容词。“形容词 + 动词-ing 形式”类合成形容词实际上是由系表结构转化而来的；“副词 + 动词-ing” 类合成形容词往往是由“不及物动词 + 副词”转化而来的。 名词动词化 说出下列句子中画线词的汉语释义。 1. With no bed and pillow, he slept on the couch for one night. His head pillowed on his arms. _________ 2. Seeing the traffic signal turned to red, the teacher signaled the students to stop and wait. __________ 3. Earth orbits the Sun at an average distance of 149.6 million km and one complete orbit takes about 365 days. __________ 4. I want to buy a monitor for my grandfather so he can monitor his blood pressure at any time. __________ 5. My mother came over and brought a clean towel to let me towel my hair dry. __________ 6. The total of the rockets launched has rocketed from 10 in 2016 to 38 in 2018. __________ 英语中有很多名词可转化为动词，常表示具有该名词的活动特点或性质特征的动作。 例如，表示工具类的名词可转化为动词。 枕着 示意 围绕着……运动 检查 / 监测 用毛巾擦 迅速增加 形容词动词化 选出适当的动词， 并用其正确形式填空。 1. The government wishes to ________ the cause of peace（和平事业） . 2. John’s soldiers were ________ themselves for the final attack. 3. Doing some exercises helps ________ the body of tension. 4. Immediate action should be taken to ________ the environment.（2013 江苏） 5. Some people will gain weight, no matter how hard they try to ________. 6. In 1976, women ________ themselves with 26 weekly hours of sweeping-and-dusting work.（2009 全国） 7. I’ve ________ my pocket but I still can’t find my keys. 8. Deciding to ________the storm, he took his umbrella and went out. 英语中有很多形容词可转化为动词，常表示具有该形容词意义的动作。 ready, free, better, brave, further, slim, busy, empty further readying free better slim busied emptied brave $$