Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 动词不定式作定语和状语 1 Learning aims 1.By analysing and concluding from examples, students will understand the function of “to do”, especially as adverbials and attributives in the sentence. 2. Students can use infinitives as adverbials and attributes in different situation, including its different forms. I need somebody _ 我需要有人治愈 Somebody_ 有人倾诉 Somebody _ 有人陪伴 Somebody_ 有人相拥 It's easy to say 这知之非难 But it's never the same 却行之不易 to heal to know to have to hold 做定语 1. To make such a mistake is foolish. =_ 主语 It is foolish to make such a mistake. 观察下列的例句,并回答to do 在句中作什么成分? 2. Mankind desires to find out the secrets of universe. 3. I find it difficult to work with Tom. 宾语 4. Father will not allow us to play on the street. 宾补 5. My ambition is to become a doctor. 6. To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 表语 不定式的定义: 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“(not)to+动词原形”构成,没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。 但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。 The infinitive as the attributive (动词不定式作定语) to do作什么成分? 1. I have no desire to write.. 2. The Smiths were the first to arrive.. 3. There was nothing to be done.. 4. I have a lot to say.. 5. I have no idea where to go. 6. The conference to take place in Shanghai next week is of great importance. 句子成分 用法 不定式在句中作_ 1. 可修饰: 2. 多置于被修饰词_ 3. 多表示_动作。 定语 名词或代词 之后作后置定语 未来的 结构: 名词/代词+ to do 7 Liu Yang is the first female astronaut to be sent into space in China. to do 跟在哪些名词后作定语? Liu Yang realized her dream to explore space in 2012. Liu Yang has a strong desire to go to space again. 1. Please make an effort to catch the bus. 2. He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow. 3. I have no desire to play games. 4. Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage to face the challenge. 5. His ability to get on well with people is his chief advantage. 总结:抽象名词ability, aim, attempt, right(权利), chance, effort, opportunity, way, courage, decision, hope, wish, desire, dream, promise等,后常用不定式作定语。 用法1 11 语法填空 This can be useful for business such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way _ (attract) customers. to attract 高考链接 12 1. The next train to arrive was from New York. 2. He was the only one to keep moving at the same speed. 3. He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 4. It is recognized that he is the best man to do the job. 总结:序数词、形容词最高级和the last/the only/the next等后或被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语。 用法2 13 语法填空 (全国 卷语法填空改编)China has become the first country_ (land) a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. to land 高考链接 14 用法3 1. The matter to be discussed this night is very important. 2. The conference to take place in Shanghai next week is of great importance. 总结:当表示尚未发生的动作时,常用to do作后置定语。 1. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _. (天津高考) A. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught 2. The airport _ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. C to be completed 高考链接 16 1. There was nothing to be done. 2. Would you like something to drink? 3. Do you have anything to be typed? 4. Of all the people in the earthquake, she was the youngest one to survive. 总结:代词one和不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等,后常接不定式作定语。 用法4 5. 不定式作定语也可用在have…to do和there be中。 【练习】1. There is no one (take) care of her. 2. I have no jewelry _(wear). to wear 1. I have nothing to fear but fear itself. 2. Do you have homework to do? 3. There is nothing to worry about. to take 18 1. Give me a suitable pen to write with. 2. His mother is looking for a house to live in. 3. There is nothing to talk about. 4. Here is a piece of paper for you to write on. 作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。 Attention:不定式加介词作定语 19 summary attribute 定语 to do 1. 当修饰的名词是ability, ambition, attempt, chance, courage, desire, decision等抽象名词。 2. 序数词、形容词最高级和the last/the only/the next等后或被这些词修饰的名词。 5. 不定式作定语也可用在have … to do和there be中 3. 当定语表示尚未发生的动作时。 放在被修饰的名词或代词之后 4. 代词one和不定代词something, anything等。 attention:作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词 或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地 点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。 Tom determined (go) abroad for further study. Generally speaking, no one likes (make) fun of. He pretended (read) when the teacher came in. I’m sorry (cause) you so much trouble last time. The car seems (wash) already. to go to be made to be reading to have caused to have been washed Practice并归纳to do 的不同时态、语态 主动语态 被动语态 意义 一般式 to do to be done . 进行式 . 完成式 动作发生在谓语动作 . the infinitive tense 表将来 正在发生 之前 to be doing to have done to have been done 22 时态:非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前,用完成式;否则用一般式。 语态:当非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动关系,用主动式;是被动关系,用被动式。 非谓语动词的逻辑主语: 非谓语充当 句子成分 宾语和 表语 状语 定语 宾补 逻辑主语 句子的主语 所修饰 的词 句子的 宾语 单句语法填空 ①In many homes in the UK, the first person_ (wake) up has to make tea for the family. ②The airport _ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. ③The best way _ (improve) your English is to join an English club. ④Carol was happy that she had the chance _ (experience) the life in the city. ⑤These courses offer us opportunities_ (improve) our abilities to appreciate art. to wake to be completed to improve to experience to improve The infinitive as the adverbial (动词不定式作状语) Read and pay attention to the words in red. They took hard training to make preparation for the task. to do is used to show the purpose 1. To learn a language well, you must make efforts. 2. He ran fast all the way so as to catch the first bus. 3. In order to pass the exam, he worked hard till midnight. 句子成分 用法 不定式在句中作_ 1. 位置:_ 2. 常见结构有: 目的状语 可位于句首或者句末 to do, in order to do和 so as to do, 但so as to do不可位于句首 分析to do作什么状语 27 高考链接 1. _ us prepare for the exam, the teachere suggested reading through out notes. (天津高考) A. To help B. Helped C. Helping D. Being helped A 28 She is the first place. 她很自豪得了第一名。 2. He is to the meeting. 他因被邀请参加这个会议感到开心。 “to do” as adverbials glad to be invited proud to win 句子成分 用法 不定式在句中作_ 原因状语 常用于“主语 + be + 形容词 + to do”结构中,此类形容词多是anxious, glad, excited, disappointed, lucky, proud, sorry, shocked, worried等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词。 29 I am honored _(deliver) a speech at the opening ceremony on behalf of our school. to deliver 1. He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged. 2. He went home to find his old friend George waiting for him. 3. What have I said to make you so excited? 用法3 作结果状语 总结1:不定式作结果状语常与learn, find, see, hear, make等动词连用。 31 总结2:不定式作结果状语常用于以下句型结构: ① so + adj. + as to do或such + n. + as to do ② enough to do ③ only to do (常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果) ④ too + adj./adv. to do 用法3 作结果状语 1. She was so angry as to be unable to speak. 2. The boy is old enough to take care of himself. 3. He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. 4. I'm too tired to stay up longer. 32 Attention 1:不定式only to do与doing作结果状语的区别: (1)动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。 (2)动词-ing形式作结果状语强调的是一种顺理成章的结果。 1.He failed his exam, _ (make) his father angry. 2.Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _ (find)it didn't fit. making to find Attention 2:“主语 + be + 形容词 + to do” 这一结构中用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。用于此结 构的形容词有:easy, difficult, important, nice, pleasant, hard, dangerous, comfortable 等;且不定式和句子的主语 是动宾关系。 The song is hard (sing). The question is easy (understand). Our monitor is easy (get)along with. The problem is very difficult (solve). =It is very difficult to solve the problem. to sing to understand to get to solve summary adverbial 状语 to do 目的状语: 原因状语: 结果状语: sb+be+adj. +to do ... to do, in order to do, so as to do(不放句首) 1.enough to do, 2.too...to do..., 3.so/such... as to do 4.only/never to do Attention 1:不定式only to do与doing作结果状语的区别: 1.动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。 2.动词-ing形式作结果状语强调的是一种顺理成章的结果。 。 Attention 2:“主语 + be + 形容词 + to do” 这一结构中用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。用于此结 构的形容词有:easy, difficult, important, nice, pleasant, hard, dangerous, comfortable 等;且不定式和句子的主语 是动宾关系。 1. He bought a book and was surprised _ (find) a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same garden as his father’s painting. 2. George returned after the war, only _ (tell) that his wife had left him. 3. Mary’s sister , Frances Todd Wallance, often came over _ (plant) flowers in the front yard. to find 高考链接 to be told to plant 原因状语 (意外)结果状语 目的状语 36 4.The airport _ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. (2013 四川改) 5. We are having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company. (2012 重庆) 6. Volunteering gives you a chance _ (change) lives, including your own. (2013 北京) 7. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _ (explore) society of real-life experience. (2013 上海) 8. I have a lot of readings _ (complete) before the end of this term. (2010 山东) to be completed to be made to change to explore to complete 9._ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media.(2022 全国乙卷) 10. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive _ (perform) consistently over a large area.(全国 卷) 11.He got up early and hurried to the bus station, only _ (find) the early train had gone. 12.(2022 全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step _ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. To strengthen to perform to find to journey Homework 1. Review what you learnt in this class. 2. Finish the exercise on P112-113. 39 Lavf58.20.100 $$