Unit 1 单词详解 2023-2024学年牛津译林版英语七年级上册

Unit1单词全解析 1. greet vt. 和(某人)打招呼(或问好) 变形:第三人称单数greets 过去式greeted 过去分词greeted 现在分词greeting 名词greeting(问候)-greetings(复数) 固定搭配:①greet sb:向某人打招呼 例:She greeted me with a smile.(她微笑着向我打招呼。) ②greet sb with:以某种方式或形式进行问候 例:He greeted us with a warm hug.(他以一个热情的拥抱向我们打招呼。) ③greet by:通过某种方式或形式进行问候 例:They were greeted by the sound of applause.(他们受到了掌声的欢迎。) ④greet sb as:以某种身份或状态来迎接某人 例:The students greeted their new teacher as an expert in the field.(学生们把他们的新老师当作该领域的专家来欢迎。) 2. introduce vt.介绍 变形:第三人称单数introduces 过去式introduced 过去分词introduced 现在分词introducing 名词introduction 常用搭配:introduce oneself to sb.:向某人做(自我)介绍 introduce A to B:把A介绍给B;引见 3. each other pron.互相 注意事项:each other通常用在两个人或物之间;如果是三个或以上的人或物之间,应该使用one another。 请比较:They haven’t seen each other for years.(他们彼此多年没有见面了。) The three children enjoy playing with one another.(这三个孩子爱在一块儿玩。) 4. go by 叫做,被称为 地道用法:go by+人名表示“被叫做,人们常叫我...”,即表达一个人的昵称或别名。 例:“My name is William, and I go by Billy.”(我的名字是William,但人们通常叫我Billy.) 拓展:①表示“时光流逝” 例:Time went by slowly.(时间慢慢逝去。) ②表示“顺便走访” 例:She was in when I went by yesterday.(我昨天顺便去看她时,她正好在家。) 5. glad adj.高兴的 变形:副词gladly 常用搭配:glad to do sth:乐意做某事 例:I’m glad to help you.(我很乐意帮助你。) glad about sth:对某事感到高兴 例:I’m glad about your promotion(我为你的晋升感到高兴。) 【辨析】happy与glad都表示积极的情绪,但happy更侧重于持续的幸福状态,而glad更多指因特定原因或事件而产生的短暂高兴情绪。 请比较:"I believe they are quite happy together."(我认为他们在一起的确很幸福。) "I am glad we have come together at last."(很高兴我们终于取得了一致)。 6. same adj.同一的,相同的 反义词:different、unlike 常用搭配:the same ...as/that:与...一样 例:We treat boys exactly the same as girls.(我们对男孩、女孩同等对待。) 注意两种错误说法请避免:as same as...,the same like look the same:看起来一样 at the same time:同时 7. hobby n.业余爱好 变形:复数hobbies 常用搭配:pursue one’s hobbies:追求某人的业余爱好 take up a new hobby:培养一样新的爱好 8. grade n.年级,等级 表示年级:“Grade+基数词”,首字母要大写=“the+序数词+grade”。 例:My brother is in Grade two= My brother is in the second grade. 在表示几年级几班的时候,首先要注意先写班级,再写年级,由小到大,其次需要注意首字母大写,并且中间的逗号不能省略。 例如:Class 1, Grade 7 常用搭配:get good grades:取得很好的成绩 9. classmate n.同班同学 变形:复数classmates 例:My classmate is very smart.(classmate指班级中的一个具体的学生) My classmates are very friendly.(classmates指班级中的多个学生) 10. friendly adj.友好的 变形:比较级friendlier 最高级friendliest 常用搭配:be friendly to sb:对某人友好/友善 be friendly with sb:和某人友好相处 It’s friendly of sb (to do sth):惯用句式,表示“某人做某事很友好” 11. full adj.(有)大量的;满的 变形:比较级fuller 最高级fullest 常用搭配辨析:be full of:主动结构,强调装满的状态,full是形容词 =be filled with:被动结构,强调动态的过程,fill是动词 例:The bottle is full of water.(瓶子里装满了水。) I want my life to be filled with happiness.(我想要我的生活充满快乐。) 12. energy n. 精力,活力 变形:形容词energetic 例句:Young people usually have more energy than the old.(年轻人通常比老年人精力充沛。) 13. be good at 擅长... 常用搭配:be good at doing sth:擅长做某事 例:She is good at playing the piano. =do well in doing sth 例:I do well in playing computer games. 反义词:be bad/poor at...,do badly in... 拓展:①be good with强调“擅长于和……友好相处、打交道”,其宾语一般是“人”,有时也可以跟“具体的事物”。 ②be good at强调“在......方面擅长、善于”,其宾语往往指“技能、技巧、学科等”之类的词语。 14. slim adj.苗条的 变形:比较级slimmer 最高级slimmest 例句:How do you keep so slim?(你是怎么保持这么苗条的?) 反义词:fat 15. polite adj.有礼貌的 变形:副词politely 反义词impolite 常用搭配:be polite to...:对...有礼貌 例:It’s important to be polite to others.(对别人有礼貌很重要。) It is polite(of sb.)to do sth:(某人做某事是礼貌的) polite society:上流社会 16. smart adj.聪明的,智能的 变形:比较级smarter 最高级smartest 拓展:smart还可以用作动词,表示使某人感到疼痛或受到侵犯 例:My eyes smarted from the smoke.(我因为烟雾而感到眼睛疼痛) 17. ready adj.愿意迅速做某事;准备好 常用搭配:be ready for:为某事做好准备 例:Are you ready for the exam?(你为考试做好准备了吗?) be ready to do sth:准备/乐意做某事 例:I’m ready to go.(我准备走了。) on the ready:处于待命状态 ready-made:预先做好的或现成的 18. other pron.&adj.另外,其他 用法辨析:①other:泛指另一个、另一些。常与可数名词复数连用。 例:We learn English、Chinese、Math and other subjects. ②others:泛指别的,其他人,常用于some...others...句型中。相当于other+可数名词复数。 例:Some students are doing their homework, but others are talking loudly. ③the other:表示两者中的另一个,常用于one...the other...句型中。 例:She has two children, one is a boy, the other is a girl. ④another:泛指(三者或三者以上中的)另一个。 例:I have finished this book, please give me another. 19. interested adj.感兴趣的 变形:名词interest 动词interest 形容词interesting 常用搭配:be interested in (doing) sth:对某事感兴趣/关心 例:He is interested in learning a new language. be interested at sth:感到好奇或关心 例:The children were interested at the story.(孩子们对那个故事感到好奇。) 【辨析】interested&interesting ①interesting表示使人感兴趣,多说明或修饰事物。 例:The story book is interesting.(那本故事书很有趣。) ②interested表示某人自己本身感兴趣,主语通常是人。 例:I’m very interested in English.(我对英语非常感兴趣。) 20. looks n.相貌,容貌 变形:动词look 例句:How much do looks matter during a job research?(长相在找工作中究竟有多大影响呢?) 21. character n.性格 变形:形容词characteristic 动词characterize 常用搭配:a lot of character:有个性 strong character:意志坚强 of good character:品格高尚 22. both pron.&det.两个都 位置:both与动词连用时,大多数放在be动词、情态动词、助动词之后,其他动词之前。请比较:His parents are both workers.(他的父母都是工人。) They both enjoy reading.(他们都喜欢阅读) 常用搭配:both of 例:Both of us are from Canada. both...and...:表示两者都,连接并列主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式 例:Both you and your sister like it very much. 拓展:both的反义词为neither(两者都不)。neither...nor连接并列主语时,谓语动词应遵循“就近原则”。 23. enjoy vt.享受...的乐趣,欣赏,喜爱 变形:过去式enjoyed 过去分词enjoyed 现在分词enjoying 常用搭配:enjoy (doing) sth:喜欢做... 例:He enjoys playing football.(他喜欢踢足球。) enjoy oneself:玩的高兴 例:I hope you enjoy yourself this evening.(我希望你今晚过得愉快。) 24. pretty adj.漂亮的,标志的 常用搭配:pretty good:很好,非常好 pretty much:表示几乎,差不多 例句:What a pretty dress you’re wearing!(你穿的裙子真漂亮!) 25. shy adj.腼腆的 变形:比较级shyer 最高级shyest 副词shyly 常用搭配:shy away from:表示回避或避免做某事 例:She always shines away from difficult conversations.(她总是回避困难的对话。) shy of:表示缺乏或达不到某种数量或程度 例:I’m shy of a few dollars to buy that book.(我缺了几美元来买那本书。) 26. only adv.只有,仅 常用搭配:only与not连用:表示排除 例:I will go, but only if she doesn’t come.(我会去,但前提是她不来。) only后加动词不定式结构做结果状语,表示“不料,结果却” 注意:only位于句首并修饰句子的状语时,后面的句子要倒装。 例:Only in this way can we wipe out the enemy troops.(只有这样我们才能消灭敌军。) 27. stay vi.保持,继续是;暂住,逗留 n.逗留,停留 变形:过去式stayed 过去分词stayed 现在分词staying 常用搭配:stay in:(晚上)呆在家里,没有外出 stay on:继续留下 stay out:不在家,不回家 28. match n.比赛 常用搭配:a good match for her match for competition for a prize 29. luck n.幸运,好运 变形:形容词lucky 副词luckily 反义词unlucky 常用搭配:good luck:好运(反义词:bad luck坏运) bring good luck to sb:给某人带来好运 chance one’s luck:碰运气 keep off bad luck:避免厄运 30. chess n.国际象棋 变形:复数chesses 例句:She plays a mean game of chess.(她的国际象棋下得很棒。) 常用搭配:Chinese chess:中国象棋 31. problem n.数学题;难题,困难 变形:复数problems 形容词problematic 常用搭配:have/there is a problem with sth:在某事上有困难 例:There is a problem with the car’s engine.(这辆车的引擎有问题。) have problems doing sth:表示在做某事时遇到了困难或问题 have problems to do sth:有待解决的问题(动作发生在将来) 【辨析】problem指说话者认为难以解决的问题,常与solve、settle连用 question指说话者需要找到答案的问题,常与ask、answer连用 请比较:The problem is difficult to be solved.(这个问题很难解决。) May I ask you some questions?(我可以问你一些问题吗?) 32. weekend n.周末 常用搭配:在周末at the weekend=at weekends=on the weekend=on weekends 33. fun adj.有趣的,使人快乐的 n.开心,乐趣,好玩的事 常用搭配:It is fun (to) do sth:做某事很有趣 例:It’s great fun to sail a boat.(杨帆驾舟十分有趣。) have fun (in) doing sth:做某事时很开心 例:We had fun riding our bicycles to the beach today.(我们今天骑自行车去海滨玩得很开心。) in fun:表示不是当真的,闹着玩的,开玩笑地。 例:He said so only in fun.(他这样说只是开开玩笑。) make fun of:嘲笑,戏弄某人。 例:Don't make fun of me.(不要取笑我。) 34. make friends with 与...交朋友 例句:I want to make friends with you. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$