2025年中职英语二轮专项复习 专题十五 主谓一致 讲义

中职英语二轮专项复习 专题十五 主谓一致 考纲解读及考情分析 掌握“主谓一致”原则的基本应用。 真题回顾 考点 近五年真题考查及分值 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 主谓一致:“就近”原则 1 道单选题(1分) 1道单选题(1分) 1道短文填空题(1分) 主谓一致: “语法一致”原则 1 道单选题(1分) 1 道单选题(1分) 1 道短文填空题(1分) 1 道单选题(1分) 1 道单选题(1分) 主谓一致:“意义一致”原则 1道单选题(1分) 1 道单选题(1分) 命题趋势 趋向于在一定的语境中考查主谓一致。通常结合其他语法点, 如被动语态、动词时态等一起考查 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 真题再现 1.【2014 职教高考】He _to play basketball with us if he_ free tomorrow.( ) A. comes;is B. comes; will be C. will come; will be D. will come; is 【答案】D 【解析】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意:如果明天他有空,他将和我们来打篮球。if表“如果”,时态为主将从现,主句填一般将来时,从句填一般现在时,从句的主语为he,be动词应填is。 2. 【2016 职教高考】 James as well as his friends _fond of playing the guitar.( ) A. is B. do C. are D. does 【答案】A 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:James和他的朋友们都喜欢弹吉他。be fond of意思为“喜欢, 喜爱”, 故此空应填be动词; as well as用“就远”原则,谓语动词与主语James保持一致。 3. 【2016 职教高考】——Who is the little girl in the photo, Kate? —It's me. The photo_ ten years ago.( ) A. takes B. took C. is taken D. was taken 【答案】D 【解析】考查主谓一致和被动语态。句意:——Kate,照片里的小女孩是谁啊?——是我。这张照片是10年前拍的。主语The photo 与动词take之间为被动关系, 时间状语为ten years ago, 故考查一般过去时的被动语态, 构成为 was / were +done; 主语photo为单数, 所以用 was。 4. 【2017 职教高考】Now all Chinese couples to have two children. ( ) A. allow B. allowed C. are allowed D. were allowed 【答案】C 【解析】考查主谓一致和被动语态。句意:现在所有的中国夫妇都被允许生二胎。sb. beallowed to do sth.意为“某人被允许做某事” 。时间状语为 Now, 而且主语Chinese couples为复数形式,所以be 动词用are。 5. 【2017 职教高考】Honesty (build) trust. 【答案】builds 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:诚信构建信任。主语Honesty为不可数名词,动词build应填单数。 知识讲解 主谓一致,指主语和谓语之间在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。主语和谓语的对应关系通常依据三项原则: “语法一致”原则、“意义一致”原则和“就近一致”原则。 “语法一致”原则 “语法一致”原则指主语和谓语在语法上保持一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。具体用法如下所示。 1.and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式,但 and所连接的并列主语是同一个人、事物或概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。 如: He and she are both students of this school. 他和她都是这个学校的学生。 The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了。 (一个人) 2.由both…and 连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如: Both his father and mother are teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。 3.主语后面带有 with, along with, togetherwith, like(像) , but(除了) , except, besides, aswellas, no less than, rather than, including, inadditionto 等时,其后的谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语本身的形式, 即“就远”原则。如: The teacher together with his students is going there on foot. 老师和他的学生们将步行到那里。 Everyone except Tom and John has seen the movie. 除了汤姆和约翰外,大家都已经看过这部电影了。 4. somebody, someone, something,anybody, anything, everybody, everyone,everything, nobody, no one, nothing等不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如: Is everyone here today? 今天大家都到齐了吗? Something is wrong with him.他不太舒服。 5.从句、动词不定式和动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如: When we’ ll go out for an outing has been decided. 我们何时出去郊游已经决定了。 Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我巨大的幸福。 6. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如: Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。 Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。 7.none作主语时,谓语动词可用单数形式,也可用复数形式;但在代表不可数的事物时常看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数形式。如: None of us are/ is perfect. 人无完人。 None of this worries me. 这事我一点都不着急。 8.英语中由两个部分组成的物体的名称通常以-s结尾, 如glasses(眼镜), scissors(剪子), shorts(短裤), trousers(裤子), jeans(牛仔裤)等。这一类词,如果不带 “一双” “一把” “一副” “一条”等单位词而单独使用,谓语动词必须用复数形式。如: His new trousers are black. I never know now jeans are popular in schools. 我从来不知道现在校园里也流行牛仔裤。 但这些名词前若出现“一双” “一把”“一副” “一条”等单位词,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如: A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。 This pair of scissors doesn't work well. 这把剪刀不好使。 9.以-s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语动词用单数形式。如news, maths, physics等。如: News travels fast these days. 如今消息传播得很快。 Maths is very popular in our class. 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 “意义一致”原则 有时主语和谓语动词的关系并非取决于语法上的单复数形式,而是取决于主语的单复数意义。比如,主语在语法形式上并非复数,但有复数的意义,谓语动词便用复数形式;反之,主语在语法形式上是复数,而在意义上为单数,谓语动词便用单数形式,这种一致关系叫作意义一致。 1.主语中有 all, half, most, the rest等, 以及“分数或百分数+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于与其连用的名词。如: 60% of the apple was eaten by the little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。 Most of them are leaving for Beijing next week. 他们中大多数人下周要去北京。 The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车今天出售。 2. “a number of+复数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; “the number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如: A number of famous people were invited to the party. 许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。 The number of the students is over eight hundred. 学生数量超过800人。 3.表示时间、价格、数字、度量、国家、单位等概念的名词作主语时,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。如: Twenty years is a long time. 20年是段很长的时间。 Twenty pounds isn't so heavy. 20英镑并不太重。 4. police, people, cattle, militia等集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如: The police are running after a thief. 警察正追赶一个小偷。 5.集体名词(family, team, crowd, class,group, government等) , 如果表示整体概念, 谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,谓语动词用复数形式。如: His family is going to move. 他家要搬走了。 My family are very well. 我全家人都很健康。 6.“the +形容词”, 表示“一类人” , 作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如: The poor were not able to buy it. 穷人买不起它。 7.“the +姓氏s”表示“某某一家人”, 作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。如: The Greens are watching movies in the cinema. 格林一家人正在电影院里看电影。 8. sheep, means, Chinese, Japanese 等单复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词应根据具体情况选用单复数形式。如: Every means has been tried. 每种方法都已经试过了。 All means are unpleasant. 所有的方法都不太令人满意。 9.(1) one of + 复 数 名 词 + who / that/which引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词为复数形式。如: Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是养宠物者之一。 (2) the only one of+复数名词+ who/that/which引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词应为单数形式。如: Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是那些人里唯一一个养宠物的人。 “就近一致”原则 在几种情况下,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语(主要指名词)的单复数形式,即遵循“就近一致”原则。 1. there be句型中, 当be后有两个或两个以上主语时,谓语动词be的单复数形式与靠近它的主语在数上保持一致。如: There is a cup and some bottles on the table. 桌上有一个杯子和一些瓶子。 2.用连词或词组 or, either……or……,neither…nor…, not only……but also…等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的单复数形式与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如: He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。 Not only the students but also the teacher likes climbing the mountain. 学生和老师都喜欢爬山。 Neither you nor he enjoys fast food. 你和他都不喜欢快餐。 跟踪训练 1. Not only you but also I _interested in the cartoon called Peppa Pig.( ) A. am B. is C. are D. was 2. _students in our class _going to the summer camp inBeijing next week.( ) A. Two fifths; is B. Second fifths; are C. Second fifths; is D. Two fifths; are 3. Mr. Wang together with his wife and children _living in the countryside. ( ) A. enjoy B. enjoys C. enjoying D. are enjoying 4. Eating too much junk food _not good for our health.() A. is B. are C. was D. were 5. A number of boys playing outside and the number of the boys in our neighborhood _ increasing. ( ) A. is;is B. are;are C. is; are D. are; is 6. There _a book and some pens in the bag. ( ) A. is B. are C. am D. be 7. As the saying goes, no news_ good news. ( ) A. is B. are C. has D. have 8. Listen! Class 2 _an English song in the next room. () A. sing B. sings C. are singing D. is singing 9. Both Li Lei and his father _playing basketball. ( ) A. likes B. like C. is liking D. has liked 10. Either the students or the teacher _him very well. () A. know B. knows C. is known D. to know 11. This pair of shoes_ comfortable and you can have a try.( ) A. is B. am C. are D. was 12. The Greens_ decided to buy a new house nearDaming Lake. ( ) A. has B. have C. is D. are 13. People in Shandong_ really friendly, so I suggest you visiting there when you are free. ( ) A. is B. are C. were D. was 14. The old _given good service in the nursing home. ( ) A. am B. is C. are D. was 15. How time flies! We’ ll graduate. Three years_ really a short time. ( ) A. is B. are C. was D. were 专题十五 主谓一致答案详解 跟踪训练 1.A【解析】考查主谓一致。 句意: 不仅你而且我都对动画片《小猪佩奇》感兴趣。not only……but also... 采用 “就近”原则, 谓语动词与 保持一致。故选A。 2.D【解析】考查分数表达和主谓一致。句意:我们班五分之二的学生下周将去北京参加夏令营。第一个空考查分数表达。分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1,分母加s。五分之二为 two fifths。第二个空考查主谓一致。 “分数或百分数+名词”作主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于与其连用的名词,谓语动词与 students 保持一致。故选 D。 3.B【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:王先生和他的妻子和孩子都喜欢住在农村。together with. . . 采用“就远”原则,谓语动词与主语Mr. Wang保持一致。故选B。 4.A【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:吃太多的垃圾食品有害我们的健康。动名词短语作主语,谓语动词用单数。故选A。 5.D【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:许多男孩在外面玩,我们社区男孩的数量正在增加。 “anumberof+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数;“thenumber of+复数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 故选 D。 6.A【解析】考查主谓一致。句意: 包里有一本书和几支钢笔。there be 句型采用 “就近”原则, 谓语动词与 a book保持一致。故选 A。 7.A【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:俗话说得好,没消息就是好消息。news为不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。故选A。 8.C【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:听! 2 班学生正在隔壁唱一首英文歌。以 listen开头的句子与现在进行时连用,排除选项A和B。 “Class2”强调“2班的学生”,谓语动词用复数形式。故选C。 9.B【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:李雷和他父亲都喜欢打篮球。由 both…and……连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。故选B。 10.B【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:不是学生就是老师很了解他。由either…or…连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词采用“就近”原则,谓语动词与theteacher保持一致。故选B。 11.A【解析】考查主谓一致。 句意:这双鞋很舒服, 你可以试一下。This pair of shoes 作主语, 谓语动词取决于pair。故选 A。 12.B【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:格林一家打算在大明湖边买座新房子。现在完成时构成为 “has / have done” , 故排除选项 C 和D。“某某一家人”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。故选B。 13.B【解析】考查主谓一致。 句意: 山东人都很友好, 因此我建议你有空时可以去山东玩。people为集体名词,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。故选B。 14.C【解析】考查主谓一致。 句意: 老人们在养老院受到很好的照顾。 “the+形容词”作主语,表示“一类人” , 谓语动词用复数形式。 故选C。 15.A【解析】考查主谓一致。 句意: 时光飞逝!我们要毕业了。三年的时间真是转瞬即逝。主语Three years 看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。故选 A。 $$