Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World Reading 课件-2023-2024学年高中译林版（2020）必修第三册

1. __________ adj. 致命的；十足的，彻底的 → __________vi. & vt. 死 → __________ n. 死亡 → __________ adj. 死去的 2. __________ adj. 广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的 → __________ vt. & vi. 变宽；变阔；(使)扩大；拓宽 3. __________ vi. & vt. 想要，计划；意指→ __________ n. 打算；计划；意图；目的 →__________ adj. 预期的，有意的 4. __________ n. 试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi. & vt. 测试，试验 →__________ vt. & vi. 尝试 Words Review deadly die death dead broad broaden intend intention intentional trial try 5. __________ adj. 有限的 → __________ vt. 限制，限定 → __________ n. 限制；局限 6. __________ adj. 足够的，充足的 → __________ n. 足量；充足 7. __________ vt. 探究，调查研究；探索，勘查 →__________ n. 勘探；勘查；探索 8. __________ n. 智慧，才智；明智；知识，学问→__________ adj. 充满智慧的；明智的 9. __________ adj. 有益的，有用的→ __________ vt. & vi. 对(某人)有用；使受益；得益于；得利于 n. 优势；益处；成效 limited limit limitation sufficient sufficiency explore exploration wisdom wise beneficial benefit 呦呦鹿鸣， 食野之蒿。 《诗经·小雅·鹿鸣》 How gaily call the deer, While eating southernwood. --Xu Yuanchong Pre-reading 马齿苋purslane 蒲公英dandelion 青蒿southernwood 黄花蒿Artimesia annua Prediction Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize By Dina Conner 11 December 2015 Where would you most probably find this passage? A. In a blog B.In a book C.In a letter D.In a newspaper Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize By Dina Conner 11 December 2015 If you were the journalist, what aspects would you write about according to the title? D. Tu Youyou won a Nobel Prize in 2015 for her discovery of qinghaosu. C. Tu and her team’s efforts finally paid off. Skimming Skim the news reports and match the main idea of each part. Part 1:para.1 Part 2:para.2 Part 3:para.3-5 Part 4:para.6 Tu acquired a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine B.Tu and her team solved a lot of problems before they successfully discovered qinghaosu. The tail (optional) The lead(新闻导语) The body Title attractive,direcct,exact,brief,incomplete the most important information: Who, What, When, Where, Why, How detailed or supporting information background information or conclusion The features (特点) of a news report 湖南长郡卫星远程学校 录制 2022年上学期 制作 21 长沙市长郡中学 黄曼玲 Para. 1 News report: Para. 2 Paras. 3–5 Para. 6 Tu Youyou acquired a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Tu Youyou and her team solved a lot of problems before they successfully discovered qinghaosu. Tu Youyou and her team’s efforts finally paid off. Tu Youyou won a Nobel Prize in 2015 for her discovery of qinghaosu. The most important information Conclusion Supporting information Other detailed information The inverted pyramid(倒三角) Appreciation 湖南长郡卫星远程学校 录制 2022年上学期 制作 21 长沙市长郡中学 黄曼玲 Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria , one of the deadliest diseases in human history . Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival . Para 1 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她为抗击疟疾做做出的贡献——疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。得益于她发现的青蒿素，如今全世界疟疾患者的存活率大大提高。 1 the People's Republic of China 可缩写成为 PRC 2 the only/+序数词....+n + to do sth 第 ？个 / 仅有的、做某事的...... He was the first one to think of the idea. 他是第一个想到这一点的人。 He is always the first man to enter the classroom. He was the first scientist (put) forward this theory. She was the only girl (stay) at home. to put to stay What does the news report mainly talk about? Skill : try to find out who, when, why, where, what and how. It mainly talks about __________ ___________________ and her way to _________________which saves lots of patients all over the world. Tu Youyou find out qinghaosu winning 2015 Nobel Prize Part1(para1) Detailed reading 湖南长郡卫星远程学校 录制 2022年上学期 制作 21 长沙市长郡中学 黄曼玲 Tu Youyou received a Nobel Prize for her contribution to the fight against malaria Who Detailed reading (part 1) Read the lead and get the most important information. What When Why Where How in 2015 / Para 2 Born in 1930, in Ningbo , Zhejiang Province , Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. After graduation , she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine . She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine , acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine . 1930年，屠呦呦出生于浙江宁波。1951年至1955年，屠呦呦在北京读大学，学习药学。毕业后，她在中医研究院工作。她完成了中医领域的培训课程深造，获得了广泛的中西医知识。 Read para. 2 and get to know some background information. She studied medicine at university. Detailed reading (part 2) Education Work Further training She worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine. Activity3:Explore the road to the discovery. 1. Complete the timeline about Tu’spersonal experiences with the information from the text. born in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 1930 1951-1955 1969 1971 1972 2015 studied medicine at university in Beijing become head of a team that intended to find a cure for malaria succeed in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice successfully discovered qinghaosu won the Nobel Prize Problems 😢 Smoothly ?(一帆风顺) 湖南长郡卫星远程学校 录制 2022年上学期 制作 21 长沙市长郡中学 黄曼玲 Para 3 Tu's education was soon to prove very useful . In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria , and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease . She collected over 2,000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs . 屠呦呦接受的教育很快被证明非常有用。20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾，于是1969年屠呦呦担任了一个旨在找到疟疾疗法的小组的组长。她收集了2000多种治疗疟疾的中药配方，并从不同的草药中获取了数百种提取物。 When they failed to produce any promising results , Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again . Inspired by an over 1,600-year- old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water , Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part . On 4 October 1971, after 190 failures , she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice . 当这些未能取得任何有希望的效果时，屠呦呦就再次查阅中医典籍。在一本1600多年前的典籍中，关于用冷水制备青蒿素提取物的记载给了屠呦呦启发，她重新设计了实验，并尝试在低温下对这种草药进行提取，以不损害其有效成分。1971年10月4日，在历经190次失败后，她成功制备出可以治疗老鼠疟疾的青蒿提取物。 However , it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited . Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem . When there was no research equipment , they had to extract herbs using household water containers . They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions , but they never gave up . Para 4 然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。屠呦呦团队成功找到了解决这个问题的方法。当时没有研究设备，他们只好用家用储水的容器来提取草药。他们夜以继日地工作，由于条件恶劣，他们的健康开始受损，但却从未放弃。 Para 5 Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced , however , they still faced another problem . The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data . To speed up the process and ensure its safety , Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first. 然而，及时制造出了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另外一个问题。由于没有足够的安全数据，对患者的试验可能会被推迟。为了加快进度并保证其安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿在自己身上试验青蒿提取物。 ？ ？ 1. The extracts failed to produce promising results. 2. They couldn’t produce enough qinghao extract. 3. The trials on patients were likely to be postponed. Detailed reading (part 3) Read Paras.3-5 and get to know the detailed information. Solutions ？ Tu got inspiration from a 1600-year-old text and redesigned the experiments. They used household water containers to extract herbs. They volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves. Problems Para 6 The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off . In November 1972, through trial and error , they successfully discovered qinghaosu-- the most effective part of the qinghao extract . As a key part of many malaria medicnes , qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients . 屠呦呦团队的努力最终得到了回报。1972年11月，经过反复试验，他们成功发现了青蒿素——青蒿提取物中最有效的成分。作为许多抗疟疾药物中的关键成分，青蒿素迄今已经造福了近2亿疟疾患者。 Behind every single scientific discovery lies a lot of hard work 27 Part2--Para.2★★ Topic sentence A transitional sentence is designed to move the audience from one idea to another without causing confusion or losing fluidity. In-depth reading Transitional sentences Tu’s education was soon to prove very useful. (Line 13) However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.(Line 23) Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem. (Line 28) Functions of transitional sentences Tu’s education was soon to prove very useful. (Line 13) However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.(Line 23) Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem. (Line 28) It moves from Tu’s educational background (P2) to “Tu’s success in making qinghao extract”(P3) It moves from Tu’s success in making qinghao extract (P3) to “the process of making enough qinghao extract for large trials”(P4) It moves from Tu’s success in “miking enough qinghao extract for large trials”(p4) to the new problem Tu’s team was facing—no sufficient safety data(P5). hard-working • after 190 failures, she succeeded in making qinghao extract (L21) • collected over 2,000 traditional Chinese medical recipes, made hundreds of extracts from different herbs (L15) patient • worked day and night and their health began to suffer, but they never gave up (L26) committed (奉献的) • volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first (31) selfless What qualities did Tu Youyou show as a scientist? Use details from the news report to support your ideas. What qualities does Tu show as a scientist? humble well-educated intelligent knowledgeable strong-minded devoted to science brave Tu Youyou Noble Prize winner 1．What's Tu Youyou's major at university? ( ) A. Science and nature. B. Agriculture. C. Chinese medicine. D. Chemistry. Reading comprehension C 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according 　 to the passage? ( ) 　A. Tu Youyou only knows the traditional Chinese medicine. 　B. Tu and her team discovered qinghao extract easily and smoothly. 　C. Qinghao extract was discovered after many difficulties. 　D. Tu was awarded the Nobel Prize as soon as qinghao extract was discovered. C 3．What can be inferred from the passage? ( ) 　A. All sufferings have their reward. 　B. There is no royal road to learning. 　C. A man becomes learned by asking questions. 　D. It is never too old to learn. A make a difference (to...) stay on a bestseller list Phrases 1.(对...)有影响，起作用 2.杂交水稻品种 3.待在畅销榜 4.在历史上 5.听说 6.因...而获奖 7.为...作贡献 8.多亏/由于... hybrid rice varieties in history hear about/of be awarded for... make a contribution to thanks to 12.获得广泛的...知识 14.死于... 15.旨在/打算做某事 16. ...的疗法 17.药方 have a greatly increased chance of survival after graduation complete further training courses acquire a broad knowledge of... die of... prove useful intend to do sth/be intended to do sth a cure for... medical recipe 18. 未能做成某事 19. 有希望的效果 20.参考,查阅;提到;涉及 21.受到...的鼓舞/激励 23.在低温下 24.成功做某事 25.设法做成某事 26.找到问题的解决办法 fail to do sth promising results refer to be inspired by... at a low temperature succeed in doing sth manage to do sth find a solution to the problem large amounts of 27.大量; 许多 28.加快进度 29.自愿做某事 30.成功,奏效,达到目的 31.通过反复实验 32.因...而被授予诺贝尔奖 33.宝库 34.凭借；利用 35. 对...有益 speed up the process volunteer to do sth pay off through trial and error be awarded a Nobel prize for... the treasure house draw on be beneficial to... What qualities does Tu show as a scientist? 9 prove (v) 证明；结果是 (proved proved, proven proven) (n) 证明，证据 It is proved/proven that 据证实，...... proof There wasn't enough evidence to . 没有充分的证据证明他有罪。 He has in the battle. 他已在这场战斗中证明了自己的勇气。 This has afterwards the correct explanation. 后来证明这是正确的解释。 prove him guilty proved his courage proved to be 10 die of 死于 内因（疾病，衰老等) die from 死于 外因 （事故等） My grandpa died hunger in the old days. He died a traffic accident. from of 11 intend to do / be intended to do 旨在，打算做 We intend (go) to Australia next year.   I didn't intend her (see) the painting until it was finished.   She had a firm (intend) to be the best swimmer. going /to go to see intention intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 intend to do / doing sth. 打算做某事/想做 be intended for 打算供……之用 intention n. 意图, 目的; 打算 intended adj. 预期的, 有意的 have no intention of doing sth. 无意做某事; 不打算做某事 He left hometown the intention of working in Beijing. with 12 fail (v) 失败 ---- failure (n)失败 fail to do sth 未能做成某事 13 promise (v/n) 承诺--- promising (adj) 有希望的，有前景的 14 refer to 查阅，参考 15 try to do sth try one's best to do sht try doing sth 尽力做某事 尽某人最大努力做某事 尝试做某事 【语境应用】 I don't want to refer to this matter any more. Refer to the dictionary when you don't know how to spell a word. 我再也不想提这件事了。                    当你不知道怎么拼写一个词时，查阅一下词典。 n. 提及；谈到；参考；查阅 关于…… reference in/with reference to... adj. 受到鼓舞的 adj. 鼓舞人心的; 启发灵感的 n. 灵感; 鼓舞 inspired inspiring inspiration 激励某人做某事 inspire sb. with sth. inspire sb. to do sth. 用……来激励某人 19 ①His speech was so (inspire) that his students were inspired (study) harder than ever before. ② (inspire) by my good friend, I intended to study abroad. inspiring to study Inspired 27 postpone vt. 推迟，延期 = put , y off dela They because of the weather. 他们因天气原因而延期离开。 postponed leaving postpone sth. to/ until ... 延迟...到... Our online meeting was ________________ until / to tomorrow by a power cut. postponed / put off  30 pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的 All her hard work paid off in the end, and she finally passed the exam. 她的所有努力最终有了收获——她终于通过了考试。 I'll pay off all my debts first. 付清（还清）债务 Two hundred workers have been paid off. 付清工资后，解雇（某人） 【语境应用】用pay的相关短语完成句子 My hard work finally __________________when they called me for an interview. 2) I will ________________ the book whatever the price. 3) How can I ________ you ________ for all your kindness? 4) I ______________________ Mr. and Mrs. Smith yesterday afternoon. paid off pay for  pay back paid a visit to pay for sth. 为某事吃苦头或受惩罚; 花钱买某物 pay back 偿还; 报复 pay a visit to 访问 31 benefit v. 使受益 / n. 利益、好处 benefit from/by 得益于……, 从……中受益 be of benefit to=be beneficial to 对……有益处 for the benefit of sb. =for one's benefit 为了某人的利益 过去式、过去分词 benefited/benefitted 现在分词: benefiting/benefitting 1. She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. (lines 5-6) 为什么用acquire的分词形式？该部分在整句中充当什么成分？ 由于上文已有谓语动词completed，且前后没有连词，故此处需用非谓语动词。 根据其和逻辑主语she的主动关系，故用acquiring。 充当结果状语。 Sentence Analysis 2. (教材P45) Even with large amounts of the qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem. 然而，即使有大量的青蒿提取物被制造出来，他们仍然面临着另一个问题。 【句式剖析】本句为简单句。with ... produced为“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构，此结构为with复合结构的一种，其中过去分词（短语）表示被动或动作已完成。此结构常在在句中作状语。如： All afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。 With his hair cut, he looked much younger. 由于理了发，他看起来年轻多了。 【考点提炼】with复合结构 with复合结构在句中通常作状语，表示伴随、方式、原因或条件等。该结构常见的其他形式有: （1）with＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语（表示状态）。如： In summer, she usually sleeps with the windows open. 在夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。 She left the room with all the lights on. 她离开了房间，所有的灯还亮着。 （2）with＋宾语＋现在分词（表示主动、动作正在进行）。注意不能用现在分词的完成式。如： She fell asleep with the light burning. 她睡着了，灯还亮着。 （3）with＋宾语＋过去分词（表示被动或完成）。 With all the housework finished, I felt very tired. 做完了所有的家务，我感觉很累。 （4）with＋宾语＋动词不定式（表示未作）。如： She knew that with him to help her, she could and would succeed. 她知道，有他帮忙，她能够而且会成功。 B1 broad sufficient intend pay off limited experiment wisdom refer to The passage below is about traditional Chinese medicine. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below. In her Nobel Lecture, Tu Youyou (1) __________ the strengths of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and pointed out that there is great potential for future advances if scientists make good use of these strengths. referred to Building your language Their efforts to conduct research in both fields may finally (2) ________. A good example to illustrate this point is the discovery of qinghaosu in 1972, which was (3) ________ as an effective treatment for malaria. The Chinese herb qinghao, from which qinghaosu comes, has been used to cure diseases for almost 2,000 years. pay off intended broad sufficient intend pay off limited experiment wisdom refer to However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed (4) ___________. By then, the fight against malaria had achieved only (5) ________ success. Since the discovery of qinghaosu, the survival rate of malaria patients has increased by around 30%. limited broad sufficient intend pay off limited experiment wisdom refer to experiments Without her (6) _______ knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu. It is important that scientists draw on the (7) ________ of both fields. With (8) _________ research, many more medical discoveries like qinghaosu are likely to be made. broad sufficient intend pay off limited experiment wisdom refer to wisdom sufficient broad 3.However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed experiments.L 然而，在经历了数次失败的实验后，直到20世纪70年代屠呦呦才成功发现青蒿素。 (1)本句中的it was not until the 1970s that...是强调句型。 (2)强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分 (若被强调部分指的是人，可用that或who；若被强调的部分指物时，一律用that)。 (3)去调强调结构中的it is/was 和that/who后，剩下的部分能组成完整的句子，那么这个句子就是强调句。 (4)强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who...? (5)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that...? Is it Mary that/who has won first prize in the English writing competition? 在英语写作比赛中获得一等奖的是玛丽吗？ When is it that we will know the result of the mid-term exam? 我们究竟什么时候能知道其中考试的成绩？ It was my teacher that/who encouraged me to lead the discussion. 是我的老师鼓励我主持讨论。 It is the coming mid-term exam that I have been preparing for recently 最近我一直在准备的是即将到来的期中考试。 可还原为: I have been preparing for the coming mid-term exam recently. (6)如果要强调谓语部分，不可用强调句型，只能用“助动词do/does/did+动词原形” 的结构。如： My friends does help me a lot with my friends. 我的朋友在数学方面确实帮了我很多忙。 He did make a stupid mistake and he felt so guilty. 他确实犯了一个愚蠢的错误，他感到非常内疚。 Lavf54.59.106 Lavf58.45.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 $$