高效作业13 [Period Ⅲ Using Language]-【精彩三年】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册课程探究与巩固教师用书配套word（人教版）

高效作业13 [Period Ⅲ　Using Language] (见学生用书P161) [语言基础巩固] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Could you turn the volume a bit down, please? I’m trying to sleep. 2．He is always lying; I just can’t tolerate it any longer. 3．Seeing all the garbage floating on the river, people begin to care about environmental issues. 4．We will inspect every product carefully before it enters the market. 5． Smog (烟雾) became a severe problem in Britain because people at that time burnt lots of fossil fuels. 6．A good advertising campaign (运动；活动) will increase our sales.So we should take it seriously. 7．His new enterprise (事业) is full of life and has a bright future. 8．To tackle the severe pollution, a clean­up initiative was added to the government agenda (议程表). 9．His recent success has helped to restore (恢复) his faith in his own ability. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Although the technology originated (originate) in the UK, it has been developed in the US. 2．We can make many small changes in our daily lives to help improve energy conservation (conserve). 3．He is a very tolerant (tolerate) and understanding man.He never complains about anyone or anything in any situation. 4．The restoration (restore) of the building is expected to take up to five years to complete. 5．Some cities in the world do not have proper facilities for garbage disposal (dispose). 6．The customs officials made us go through a thorough inspection (inspect) by opening up our bags and suitcases. 7．All the passengers, according to the new regulation (regulate), are to be inspected before boarding the flight. 8． Dozens (dozen) of people have been injured since the fire broke out. 9．The company was fined (fine) ￡20，000 for getting involved in illegal trade last year. Ⅲ.课文语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The beautiful Li River is one of the 1． most famous (famous)tourist destinations, but the 2． growth (grow) in tourism has had negative effects on the river’s water quality. Water quality in the Li River had suffered 3． greatly (great) from an increasing volume of tourists, many of 4． whom frequently threw garbage into the river. Along with the growth in tourism came the rise of the local population and the number of commercial and industrial 5． enterprises (enterprise). More household and commercial waste ended up in the river, making the water quality from bad to 6． worse (bad). To feed more people, more chemicals 7． were used (use) to increase crop production. These chemicals led to severe water quality issues，8． causing (cause) a decrease in the number of fish species. Finally, a series of urgent steps were taken 9． to restore (restore) the river’s original beauty. It 10． is believed (believe) that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come. [话题语篇提升] Ⅳ.阅读理解 A Recently, Venetia Berry, an artist in London, counted up the free cotton tote bags that she had accumulated in her closet. There were at least 25. “You get them without choosing，” Ms Berry said. Cotton tote bags have become a means for retailers, brands and supermarkets to telegraph a planet­friendly value or, at least, to show that the companies are aware of the overuse of plastic in packaging. So far, so earth­friendly? Not exactly. It turns out the wholehearted embrace of cotton tote bags may actually have created a new problem.An organic cotton tote bag needs to be used 20，000 times to offset its overall impacts of production, according to a 2018 study by the Danish Ministry of Environment and Food. That is equivalent to daily use for 54 years—or just one bag. According to that, if all 25 of her tote bags were organic, Ms Berry would have to live for more than a thousand years. “Cotton uses pesticides(if it’s not organically grown) and it is so water intensive，” said Maxine Bédar, a director at the New Standard Institute, a nonprofit focused on fashion and sustainability. And she has “yet to find a municipal compost (城市堆肥) that accepts textiles like cotton—something that’s much easier said than done”. Even when a tote bag does make it to a treatment plant, most dyes(染料) used to print logos onto tote bags are PVC­based and thus not recyclable: they “have to be cut out of the cloth”， said Christopher Stanev; the co­founder of Evrnu, a seattle­based textile recycling firm. Then there is the issue of turning old cloth into new, which is almost as energy intensive as making it in the first place. “The cotton tote bag dilemma”， said Laura Balmond, the manager for the Make Fashion Circular campaign, “is a really good example of unintended consequences of people trying to make positive choices, and not understanding the full landscape”． (　C　)1．Why did companies introduce cotton tote bags? A．To lower packaging costs. B．To cater to people’s fashion sense. C．To shape an eco­friendly brand image. D．To consume fewer natural resources. (　D　)2．What does the underlined word “offset” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Evaluate. B．Achieve. C．Enhance. D．Balance. (　D　)3．Which of the following is a problem of cotton tote bags? A．Low profitability. B．Waste management. C．Water pollution. D．Lack of recyclability. (　D　) 4．What is Laura Balmond’s understanding of the promotion of cotton tote bags? A．It is a successful story. B．It fails to win people’s support. C．It benefits fashion brands. D．It is a short­sighted decision. 【语篇解读】 文章说明了棉质手提袋给环境带来的不良影响。 1．C　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Cotton bags have become a means for retailers, brands and supermarkets to telegraph a planet­friendly value, or, at least, to show that the companies are aware of the overuse of plastic in packaging.”可知，棉布袋已经成为零售商、品牌和超市传达环保价值观的一种手段。由此可推知，他们使用棉布袋只是为了塑造一种环保的品牌形象。故选C。 2．D　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“An organic cotton tote bag needs to be used 20，000 times to offset its overall impacts of production, according to a 2018 study by the Danish Ministry of Environment and Food.”和下文中的“That is equivalent to daily use for 54 years—or just one bag.”可知，一个有机棉手提袋需要使用两万次才能offset它的生产过程的整体影响，相当于一个袋子54年的日常使用量。由此可推知，此处指一个有机棉手提袋要使用两万次才能与其生产带来的整体影响相平衡。offset为动词，表示“抵消”。故选D。 3．D　推理判断题。根据第三段中Maxine Bédar说的话中的关键信息“it is so water intensive”、“most dyes (染料) used to print logos onto tote bags are PVC­based and thus not recyclable”和“Then there is the issue of turning old cloth into new, which is almost as energy intensive as making it in the first place.”可知，棉质手提袋的生产耗水量很大，手提袋上印logo的染料都是聚氯乙烯制成的，不可回收；把旧布变成新布几乎和最初生产新布一样消耗能源。由此可知，棉布袋缺乏可循环使用性。故选D。 4．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“The cotton tote bag dilemma... is a really good example of unintended consequences of people trying to make positive choices, and not understanding the full landscape.”可知，Laura Balmond认为，棉手提袋这一例子表明，虽然人们认识到了环保的重要性，试图作出积极的选择，但由于不了解全貌，反而带来了意想不到的后果。由此可推知，在Laura Balmond看来，用棉手提袋实际上是一个目光短浅的决定。故选D。 B A Malawian woman, Gloria Majiga­Kamoto, was recently awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize for Africa—the world’s leading award for grassroots environmental activists. Gloria Majiga­Kamoto was then working for a local environmental organisation with a programme that gave goats to rural farmers, who would use the goat waste to produce low­cost, high­quality organic fertilizer(肥料). The problem? The thin plastic bags covering the Malawian countryside. “We have this very common street food, chiwaya, which is salty and served in little blue plastic，” Majiga­Kamoto says. “Goats eat the plastic for salty taste and they die because it blocks the ingestion(摄取) system.” For her, this was the moment when it all changed. All of a sudden, she started noticing plastics were everywhere in the Malawian environment and food system, affecting people’s living and health. “I remember back in the day when we’d go to the market and buy things like fish, you’d get it in newspapers，” the 30­year­old says. But thin plastics took off in the last decade or so as new producers sprung up in Malawi, selling products like thin plastic bags at cheap prices. In fact, the Malawian government decided to ban the importation, production and distribution of single­use plastics in 2015. But before the ban could go into full effect, Malawi’s plastic­producing industry appealed to the country’s High Court against the ban, causing it to be suspended. When Majiga­Kamoto and her fellow environmentalists heard about this, they were annoyed. She organised marches and rejected the plastic industry’s argument that the ban would hurt Malawi’s economy—and even debated with an industry spokesman on TV. Finally in 2019, Malawi’s High Court ruled in favour of the ban. The following year, the government began closing down illegal plastic producers. Michael Sutton, executive director of the Goldman Environmental Foundation, said, “Majiga­Kamoto’s fight with the plastic industry is a perfect example of the spirit of the prize.” (　A　) 5．What made Majiga­Kamoto realise the problem? A．Her experience with plastic­eating goats. B．Her discovery of goat waste everywhere. C．Her doubt about the safety of street food. D．Her care for the farmers living in poverty. (　C　) 6．What can we learn about Malawi? A．It used to be extremely rich in fish. B．It advocated using thin plastic bags. C．It failed to ban single­use plastic at first. D．It relied heavily on the plastic industry. (　A　) 7．What was the purpose of Majiga­Kamoto’s acts in Paragraph 4? A．To put the ban into effect. B．To support the government. C．To back the plastic industry up. D．To promote Malawi’s economy. (　D　) 8．Which of the following best describes Majiga­Kamoto? A．Humble. B．Generous. C．Patient. D．Committed. 【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了Gloria Majiga­Kamoto最近被授予非洲戈德曼环境奖，这是世界上对草根环境活动家的最高奖项，并讲述了她对于马拉维塑料禁令的颁布和执行所作出的努力。 5．A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘Goats eat the plastic for salty taste and they die because it blocks the ingestion(摄取) system.’ For her, this was the moment when it all changed. All of a sudden, she started noticing plastics were everywhere in the Malawian environment and food system, affecting people’s living and health.”可知，在了解到山羊因食用塑料而死亡的这一时刻，她意识到了塑料在马拉维的环境和食品中无处不在且影响着人们的生活和健康。故选A。 6．C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In fact, the Malawian government decided to ban the importation, production and distribution of single­use plastics in 2015. But before the ban could go into full effect, Malawi’s plastic­producing industry appealed to the country’s High Court against the ban, causing it to be suspended.”可知，马拉维政府曾在2015年决定颁布有关一次性塑料的禁令，但遭到了反对而被暂停。由此可知，它最初未能禁止一次性塑料。故选C。 7．A　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“When Majiga­Kamoto and her fellow environmentalists heard about this, they were annoyed. She organised marches and rejected the plastic industry’s argument that the ban would hurt Malawi’s economy—and even debated with an industry spokesman on TV. Finally in 2019, Malawi’s High Court ruled in favor of the ban.”可知，Majiga Kamoto和她的环保主义伙伴们的行为最终促进了马拉维高等法院对该禁令的支持。由此可推知，Majiga­Kamoto行为的目的是让该禁令生效。故选A。 8．D　推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其结合第四段可知，Majiga­Kamoto为了马拉维塑料禁令的颁布和执行作了许多努力。由此可推知，她是一个坚定的(committed)人。故选D。 Ⅴ.七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Dealing with water pollution is something that everyone needs to get involved in. Here are a few things you can do to help. You should never throw rubbish away. 1． B ． If there is none around, please take it home and put it in your trash can, especially at the beach and at the riverside. Use water wisely. Do not keep the tap running when it is not in use. 2． D . If we all do this, we can significantly prevent water shortages and reduce the amount of dirty water. Do not throw chemicals, oil, paints or medicines down the toilet. In many cities, your local environment office can help with the disposal of medicines and chemicals. And you should buy more environmentally­safe cleaning liquids for use at home and other public places. They are less dangerous to the environment. 3． G . If you live close to a water body, try to plant trees and flowers around your home, so that when it rains, chemicals from your home do not easily flow into the water. 4． F . These laws are directed at industries, hospitals, schools and market areas on how to treat and manage sewage(污水). In many developed cities, waste treatment is very efficient, and designed to reduce pollution of water bodies. There are also lots of organisations and groups that help educate people on the dangers of water pollution. 5． A . They regularly encourage other members of their communities to have a better attitude towards water. A．It is a great idea to join these groups B．Always look for the correct waste bin C．Use fewer chemicals to clean your home D．Also, you can reduce the amount of water in washing and bathing E．Check your local government’s laws before you pour the dirty water F．Many governments have strict laws that help reduce water pollution G．If you use chemicals for your farms, be careful not to overuse pesticides 【语篇解读】随着水污染的加剧，人人都应参与应对此问题。文章就应该如何应对水污染，给出了一些建议。 1．B　根据上文“You should never throw rubbish away.(你不应该乱扔垃圾。)”可知，B项“Always look for the correct waste bin(总是寻找正确的垃圾箱)”承接上文，说明要把垃圾扔在垃圾箱，符合语境。故选B。 2．D　根据上文“Do not keep the tap running when it is not in use.(不用水时，不要让水龙头一直开着。)”可知，D项“Also, you can reduce the amount of water in washing and bathing(此外，你也可以减少洗涤和沐浴的用水量)”承接上文，上下文是并列关系，且话题一致，都为如何明智地用水的具体措施。故选D。 3．G　根据下文“If you live close to a water body, try to plant trees and flowers around your home, so that when it rains, chemicals from your home do not easily flow into the water.(如果你住在离水体较近的地方，尽量在你家周围种植树和花，这样当下雨时，来自你家的化学制品就不容易流进水里。)”可知，G项“If you use chemicals for your farms, be careful not to overuse pesticides(如果你为你的农场使用化学制品，注意不要过度使用杀虫剂)”符合语境，上下文句式相同，且话题一致，都讲述如何减少化学制品对水体的污染。故选G。 4．F　根据下文“These laws are directed at industries, hospitals, schools and market areas on how to treat and manage sewage (污水).(这些法律针对的是工业、医院、学校和市场如何对待和管理污水。)”可知，F项“Many governments have strict laws that help reduce water pollution(许多政府都有严格法律来帮助减少水污染)”符合语境，且下文的these laws指代选项中的strict laws。故选F。 5．A　根据上文“There are also lots of organisations and groups that help educate people on the dangers of water pollution.(也有很多帮助教育人们关于水污染危险的组织和团体。)”可知，A项“It is a great idea to join these groups(加入这些团体是个好主意)”承接上文，选项中的these groups指代上文中的organisations and groups that help educate people on the dangers of water pollution。 故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$