2024-2025学年初升高衔接英语语法知识---名词 导学案

初升高衔接英语语法知识---名词 清单 名词 名词分类 专有名词 普通名词 可数名词 不可数名词 名词的数 可数名词的规则变化、不规则变化 不可数名词的数 名词所有格 of 所有格的构成与用法 ‘s所有格的构成与用法 双重所有格 梳理1名词的数 1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化 构成方法 例子 一般情况在词尾加-s desk-desks; dog-dogs 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词加-es bus-buses; box-(___________); watch-watches; dish-dishes 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i再加-es city-cities; family-(___________) 以o结尾的词加-s或-es photo-photos; tomato-(___________) 以f或能结尾的词多数变f为v再加-es leaf-leaves 2.可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化 构成方法 例子 变内部元音 man-men; foot-(___________); goose-geese 词尾加-en或-ren ox-oxen; child-children 单复数同形 people-people; sheep-(___________); deer-deer; means-means 其他特殊情况 mouse-mice ... 3.表示不可数名词的“数量” 情况 方法 例子 大概的量 用 much, a lot of, plenty of, some等 a lot of money; some milk 具体的量 用 a piece of, two cups of等 a piece of paper; two cups of tea ［特别提醒］ ★有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers; glasses; scissors。 ★名词前有man或woman修饰时，其复数形式要把两个名词都变复数, 如：women teachers;______________________（男医生）。 ★有些名词以复数形式出现但并非复数意义，如:news; physics; maths ★有些名词以单数形式出现但具有复数意义，如:people; police等。 ★有些名词可兼作可数名词和不可数名词，需在句中根据语法及句意判断是可数还是不可数，如： a piece of glass(玻璃)---a glass(玻璃杯) a bowl of chicken(鸡肉)---a chicken(________________) a glass of orange（橙汁)---an orange(橙子） a piece of paper(纸)---a daily paper(报纸） too much room(________________)---a room(房间) a lot of work(工作)---a great work(著作) ★ “数词+名词”作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符，如 an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk 梳理2：名词所有格（表示人或物的所属关系） 类别 构成方法 例子 ’s所有格 有生命的单数名词 在词尾加-’s Jack’s shoes; today’s homework 有生命的复数名词 不以s结尾的加-’s women’s clothes 以s结尾的加-’ students’ rooms 表示时间、距离、国家等的名词 单数加-’s China’s development 复数加-’ 20 years’ time 表示几个人共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加-’s Tom and Mary’s desk 表示每个人各自拥有 在每个名词后加-’s Tom’s and Mary’s desks of所有格 表示无生命的事物的名 词 一般用“of+名词”来表示，作后置定语 the door of the room 双重所有格 针对人而言或名词前的限定词互相排斥 一般用“of+-’s或of+名词性物主代词”来表示 a friend of Tom’s; an old friend of ours 刷题 I. 写出下列名词的复数形式。 1. child_____________ 2. mistake_____________ 3. box_____________ 4. hero_____________ 5. piano_____________ 6. wife_____________ 7. baby_____________ 8. tooth_____________ 9. policewoman_____________ 10. Japanese______________ II. 英汉互译。 1 .八支牙刷_____________________ 2. 几把小刀_____________________ 3. 一双筷子_____________________ 4. 三杯水_____________________ 5. 很多大米_____________________ 6. 教师的办公室_____________________ 7. 三天的旅行_____________________ 8. 我妹妹的一张照片__________________ 9. some chicken_____________________ 10. five times_____________________ 11. the top of the house _____________________ III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Most_____________(boy) students are playing football on the playground. 2. Long long ago there were two_____________(mouse). They were friends. 3. Two car_____________(thief) have been caught in our community recently. 4. Many _____________ (people) enjoy sports by watching others play. 5. He kept a notebook and the names and_____________(address) of his friends were written in it. 6. My grandparents are_____________(German), but they live in France. 7. Would you like to eat some_____________(apple) or drink some _____________(apple) juice? 8. The second Sunday in May is_____________(mother) Day. IV. 根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词。 1. 她是一个五岁的女孩。 She is ____________ ______________girl. 2. 他是我父亲的一个朋友。 He is_____ ____________ ___________ _________ __________. 3. 那个穿蓝色连衣裙的妇女是Mary和Alice的母亲。 The woman in a blue dress is__________ __________ __________ _________ 4. 他把咖啡杯掉地上，打破了。 He dropped the___________ _______________on the floor and broke it. 5. 我弟弟刚才喝了两瓶牛奶。 My brother drank________ ________ __________ ___________just now. V. 下列各题中均有一处错误,找出并改正。 1. Two day’s holiday is not enough for the tired students. 2. Many foreigners have got used to chopstick. 3. Nothing can reduce my sad when I fail. 4. A friend of me came to see me on my birthday. 5. How much sugars did you put in your milk? 6. Swimming is one of the best form of exercise. 7. If you want to drive, you may need a driver license. 8. They were enemy before, but now they are close friends. 参考答案： 【梳理1】 1.boxes;families;tomatoes 2.feet;sheep [特别提醒]men doctors;小鸡；空间 【刷题】 I.1.children 2.mistakes 3.boxes 4.heroes 5.pianos 6.wives 7.babies 8.teeth 9.policewomen 10.Japanese II.1.eight tooth brushes 2.a few/several knives 3.a pair of chopsticks 4.three cups of water 5.plenty of/a lot of/lots of/much rice 6.teachers' office 7.a three-day trip 8.a photo of my sister/sister's 9.一些鸡肉10.五次/五倍11.房顶 III.1.boy 2.mice 3.thieves 4.people 5.addresses 6.Germans 7.apples;apple8.Mother's IV.1.a five-year-old 2.a friend of my father's3.Mary and Alice's mother 4.coffee cup 5.two bottles of milk V.1.day's→days'2.chopstick一→chopsticks 3.sad-sadness4.me→mine 5.sugars→sugar6.form→forms 7.driver-driver's 8.enemy-enemies 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$