精品解析：上海市青浦高级中学高三2023学年第二学期3月质量检测英语试卷

上海市青浦高级中学2023学年第二学期3月质量检测 高三英语试卷 考试时间：120分钟 满分：140分 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Camping. B. Traveling. C. Sporting. D. Shopping. 2. A.$24. B.$30. C.$36. D.$60. 3. A. In a restaurant. B. At the theater. C. In a meeting room. D. At the office. 4. A. Impatient. B. Worried. C. Annoyed. D. Regretful. 5. A. Husband and wife. B. Salesman and customer. C. Boss and secretary. D. Interviewer and interviewee. 6. A. Go on with the chat. B. Connect with his friends. C. Review his lessons. D. Talk with his friends face to face. 7. A. He lost his classmate's homework. B. He broke the woman's calculator. C. He can't help the woman with her math. D. He doesn't know where the ON button is. 8. A. The concert is very impressive. B. She regrets paying for the concert. C. Applause encourages the singer. D. Almost everyone loves pop music. 9. A. She can't bear waiting. B. She doesn't like the size of her shoes. C. She is unwilling to wait for a long time. D. She is longing for the shoes that are currently unavailable. 10. A. The woman should have his delivery fee returned. B. They shouldn't order food in such awful weather. C. There is a problem with the policy of food delivery. D. The delay of the delivery is caused by the terrible weather. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The lack of clues about the species. B. Inadequate funding for research. C. Endless fighting in the region. D. The hazards from the desert. 12. A. To observe the wildlife in the two national parks. B. To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia. C. To identify the reasons for the lions' disappearance. D. To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions". 13. A. Lion tracks. B. Some camping facilities. C. Lions' walking. D. Traps set by local hunters. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. By picturing and adding maps. B. By drawing and measuring points. C By storing and developing images. D. By comparing and matching face prints. 15. A. Banks use it to offer a fast entry. B. It can only be used with permission. C. Companies use it for security purposes. D. It can be used to meet customers' needs. 16 A. Neutral. B. Positive. C. Critical. D. Flexible. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Taking a vacation abroad. B. Reviewing for their last exam. C. Finding a better way to earn money. D. Saving enough money for a rainy day. 18. A. Preparing for his final exams. B. Negotiating with his boss for a raise. C. Working part time as a waiter. D. Helping the woman with her courses. 19. A. Finish her term paper. B. Save enough money, C. Learn a little bit of Spanish. D. Ask her parents’ permission. 20. A. He has rich sailing experience. B. He speaks Spanish fluently. C. He is also eager to go to Spain. D. He is easy to get along with. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, used one word that best fits each blank. Agree to Disagree I am old enough to remember running through the whipping rain to find a phone booth, only ____1____ (get) cut off in the middle of the call because I ran out of change. I remember having posted hand-written letters home from overseas that would take two weeks to arrive. In comparison, the world of social media is truly a miracle. Free of charge, you ____2____ contact anybody, anywhere, anytime. Social media enables us to debate with people the world over. And this is a good thing in some aspects. In the market-place of ideas, you get to try on other people’s shoes and see ____3____the world looks like from their perspective. In the 90s, experts predicted an end to historical conflict because people would become more open-minded and tolerant. But this is sadly not turning out to be the case. As psychologist Johnathan Haidt said in his article “The Codding of the American Mind,” social media ____4____ (create) people who are addicted to conflict and is driving polarization (极端化). Because online disagreements are no longer being conducted between two people in an ____5____(enclose) room, but are instead happening in a public space with thousands of onlookers, many debates have devolved into ____6____ more than a popularity contest in which anyone who walks away with the most “likes” ____7____ (crown) the winner. People often say things they don’t believe in order to get more likes. Meanwhile, social media algorithms (算法) reinforce an echo chamber (回音室). By ____8____ (expose) you to articles and videos similar in opinion to those you’ve clicked on before, they lure you down the rabbit hole ____9____the media you consume is reinforcing the opinions you already have. Many of us have probably got stuck in a heated debate over some controversial topic. This may not matter much if the conflict occurs between strangers. But when it comes to close family or friends, the result can be unpleasant. Many people find it really hard to feel close to their friends _____10_____ they have the same beliefs. My advice here is to bear in mind the following: You are entitled to your opinion; I just happen to think otherwise. So let’s agree to disagree. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A. tide B. unremarkably C. un-spoilt D. portion E. streaming F. exclusively G. mirrored H. revealing I. pressed J. fading K. reluctant The West Highland Line: Follow the Rail of Hogwarts Express Soaring mountains, expansive lochs (湖) and famous bridges have earnt Scotland’s West Highland Line a place among the best railway journeys in the world. Starting in Glasgow, traveling north through historic villages and ending in the coastal village of Mallaig, this line is an easy and sustainable way to discover the Scottish Highlands. My journey on this scenic train route started rather ____11____. The 08:12 train required me to begin my day alongside thousands of commuters ____12____ into Queen Street Station-many of whom clutched coffees and kept their eyes cast down ahead of another day in the office. And I was almost the only one traveling against the ____13____. All of a sudden, we were in the southern reaches of the Highlands, where all was ____14____ lochs and glens (峡谷) stuffed with Scots pine. Morning mist rolled between hills, hiding and then ____15____ more of this perfect landscape. The dying days of autumn were exceedingly beautiful-and we were just an hour into the journey. Passengers’ phones and noses were ____16____ to windows. Some urgently tried to post their experience in real time to social media, but the Wi-Fi signal was weak in the mountains and I didn’t want to miss the extraordinary landscape. An indisputable highlight along this section is the Glenfinnan Viaduct, which staff took time to announce in a small break. Fans of the Harry Potter film franchise often lose their minds at this ____17____ of the 120-year-old line-the Hogwarts Express passes over this old viaduct (高架桥) in several of the movies. And I could easily see why it’s simply breathtaking to behold and attracts visitors from across the globe. It’s the longest concrete railway bridge in Scotland and traverses about a thousand feet over the River Finnan, around one hundred feet above the ground, passing through some of the most atmospheric and ____18____ scenery. By the time we left Mallaig at 16:05, the mid-November daylight was already ____19____, meaning my long journey back to Glasgow happened almost _____20_____ in the dark. Not much was visible through the window as we started chugging south, but even in the blackness, I knew there was magic out there somewhere. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. I imagine a young man, a senior in high school. His academic performance is good enough. However, just as his parents are about to send the ___21___ check to a college where he has been accepted, the young man admits that he doesn’t want to go to college. He wants to work, to earn a living, to be out on his own. Children have to build their own lives. But parents don’t want them to commit errors that will make it harder to build those lives. How should children and their parents think about this ___22___? College is often discussed as a(n) ___23___ in the future: You pay up front so you can benefit abundantly for the rest of your life. The financial benefits of a college education over the past decades indeed look great. However, past performance won’t necessarily ensure future returns. To make the plots more ___24___, from 1989 to 2016, college tuition went up by 98 percent. This has led to a lot of student-loan debt. It may be worth the cost for some kids who want to go into a field that requires a college degree, but others don’t know what they want to do after college, so for them college is like buying an expensive ___25___ for future employment. Still, it’s worth noting that in 2019, just 66 percent of college graduates were in jobs requiring a college degree. What’s more, as of 2010, only 27 percent were in jobs related to their college major. Perhaps you don’t primarily use ___26___ analysis to make decision about your life or your child’s. But everyone wants to be happy, and wants their child to be happy as well. So let’s look at the ___27___ effects of college. Some scholars have found that, when controlling for other factors in life such as income and religious faith, education by itself has no independent explanatory ___28___ over happiness. Some actually believe that education is negatively linked to happiness, and hypothesize that some college attendees exchange life satisfaction for their academic ___29___. And there’s all that student debt to consider. According to a Gallup study, student debt is negatively correlated with financial and physical health and sense of purpose, and is ___30___ low well-being on these dimensions for as long as 25 years after graduation. ___31___, the only thing we can say with assurance is, “It depends.” On what? On the unique ___32___ of each person. A child’s gifts, circumstances, and career ambitions all affect whether college is the right choice. Most of all, it depends on what they want to do. As a longtime academic, I can assure you that the No. 1 ___33___ of a failure to thrive in college is not wanting to be there in the first place. That may be obvious to would-be students, but to many of their parents it isn’t. The college decision is often as much about the parents as it is about their kids. It’s easy to ___34___ our own desires onto our kids -- to try to see our own potential come alive through them. But it’s a mistake. No one is a start-up enterprise, and there is not just one path to success. The college-for-all fever that has overtaken much of our culture ___35___ gifts that our kids have to develop and share. In fact, building their life with integrity and grit is what all parents could ever ask. 21. A. security B. deposit C. information D. routine 22. A. dilemma B. landscape C. consequence D. disappointment 23. A. shelter B. investment C. prospect D. victory 24. A. evident B. compelling C. complicated D. realistic 25. A. insurance B. scam C. maintenance D. lesson 26. A. trial-error B. question-answer C. cost-benefit D. pros-cons 27. A. health B. society C. happiness D. education 28. A. concern B. power C. favor D. advantage 29. A. prejudice B. panic C. ambition D. unemployment 30. A. applied to B. blamed on C. informed of D. associated with 31. A. However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Furthermore 32. A. fates B. decisions C. attributes D. inputs 33. A. qualification B. coverage C. witness D. predictor 34. A. project B. owe C. adjust D. prefer 35. A. highlights B. justifies C. ignores D. visualizes Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Red squirrels are said to be smarter than other squirrels. They claim to fame — and perhaps a sign of their intelligence — involves maple trees. Red squirrels are known for harvesting sap in the late winter and turning it into a kind of maple syrup. Their maple sugaring technique is quite simple. In a study in the 1990s, scientists observed red squirrels making chisel-like grooves in the bark of a maple tree. After making the grooves in the tree, the squirrels left the tress! They returned to the tree about 24 hours later and licked up the sap that remained on the tree. By this time the water in the sap had evaporated leaving behind a high concentration of maple sugar. Folklore even credits red squirrels with the origin of maple syrup. There is an Iroquois folktale that explains that Native Americans initially observed a red squirrel cutting into the tree bark with its teeth and later returning to lick the sap. An Iroquois youth observed this behavior and decided to use his knife to cut into the bark of a tree… thus discovering the maple tree’s sweet secret. A different legend relates the experience of an Algonquin chief. He struck a maple tree with his axe one day. His wife saw the tree wound dripping. She collected the sap in a wooden bucket and used it to boil the meat for supper. Both the chief and his wife were amazed at the sweetness of the meat that night. Native Canadians and Native Americans showed the first settlers how to tap trees, harvest syrup and boil it. Maple syrup and sugar soon became an integral part of American colonial life. In 1685, a quote from the British Royal Society newspaper read: “The savages of Canada, in the time that the sap rises, in the maple, make an incision in the tree, by which it runs out, and after they have evaporated eight pounds of liquor, there remains one pound that is sweet.” Soon maple sugar was the early colonists’ only sweetener, and this ended their dependence on foreign sugar. Maple sugar is an excellent source of energy and flavoring, and even more important, it doesn’t spoil so that it is a source of food that lasts all year, until the next sugaring season. Today Canada makes more than 80% of the world’s maple products. 36. What can we learn about red squirrels’ maple sugaring technique? A. Red squirrels boiled the sap to harvest maple sugar. B. Red squirrels remained on the tree to collect the sap. C. Red squirrels made grooves to ensure water evaporation. D. Red squirrels spent at least one day obtaining maple sugar. 37. How is paragraph 2 developed? A. By using statistics. B. By giving examples. C. By making comparisons. D. By explaining the cause and effect. 38. What does the underlined word “incision” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Cut B. Check C. Mark D. Hole 39. What impact did maple syrup have on American colonial life? A. It became the only source of food for early colonists. B. It led to a change in the early colonist’ eating habit. C. It put an end to relying on sugar from foreign countries. D. It gave rise to more sweeteners to satisfy colonists’ needs. (B) Tutor Wanted Teach a kindergartener how to read online. Become a volunteer tutor with Learn To Be! LTB tutors are dedicated volunteers who believe deeply in educational equity. Our tutors volunteer their time to make the lives of under-served K-12 kids and their families easier, their opportunities greater, and their dreams bigger. Commit to tutoring at least 2 times per week for 3 months or longer. Support your students with homework help or use the resources provided by LTB to create your own lesson plans for your student. Visit our website to apply: https://www.learntobe.org Tutor adults in English The South Bay Literacy Council is an all-volunteer, non-profit organization dedicated to teaching adults to read, write and speak English in the South Bay, Los Angeles area. You’d commit to meeting weekly with your students online or in-person. We ask volunteers to make a 9-month commitment due to the time it takes to train and match tutors with students. Visit our website to apply: http://www.southbayliteracy.org Tutor for Remove the Borders Being a tutor for Remove the Borders is a great opportunity to gain volunteer hours while learning about how socioeconomic status and learning disabilities can hold students back. Dates on when you tutor will be worked out between you and the person you are tutoring. The minimum amount of sessions you have to tutor is three. Visit our website to apply: https://forms.gle/eJ2j8BAWAAeApEQq9 Teach online STEM classes Across the country, millions of students lack the resources to learn about STEM and computer science. Our non-profit organization strives to provide this vital area of education to underprivileged students through engaging in online classes. As a volunteer teacher, you will earn service hours while developing critical communication, teaching, and leadership skills. These class sessions will run for eight weeks, and have a time commitment of three hours per week. Visit our website to apply: https://www.roboticsforall.net/overview-of-positions.html 40. Who is Learn To Be intended for? A. Disadvantaged K-12 students. B. Students with learning disabilities. C. Grown-ups interested in English. D. Information technology majors. 41. Which program is most suitable for a volunteer without much time? A. Teach a kindergartener how to read online. B. Tutor adults in English. C. Tutor for Remove the Borders. D. Teach online STEM classes. 42. What do these four programs have in common? A. Only online service is offered. B. People can attend classes free of charge. C. Volunteers will acquire service hours. D. Applicants for volunteers’ jobs need to sign up online. (C) A new study describes a surprising number of coastal marine invertebrate (无脊椎动物) species thriving in floating communities in deep ocean waters. What's their secret? They are colonizing ever-expanding rafts of plastic debris. The study was led by researchers from the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC) and the University of Hawaii (UH) at Mānoa. They found a diverse range of taxonomic groups of coastal species in the eastern North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (北太平洋副热带流涡区) on over 70 percent of the plastic debris they examined. Not only that, but the debris carried more coastal species than open ocean species. “This discovery suggests that past biogeographical boundaries among marine ecosystems-established for millions of years-are rapidly changing due to floating plastic pollution accumulating in the subtropical gyres,” said lead author Linsey Haram, research associate at SERC. These floating communities, or “neopelagic (新远洋的) communities” , in deep oceanwaters were only recently discovered by scientists. The researchers looked at 105 plastic samples collected by The Ocean Cleanup during their 2018 and 2019 expeditions in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, which occupies most of the northern Pacific Ocean. “We were extremely astonished to find 37 different invertebrate species that normally live in coastal waters, over triple the number of species we found that live in open waters, not only surviving on the plastic but also reproducing. Our results suggest coastal organisms now are able to reproduce, grow, and persist in the open ocean---creating a novel community that did not previously exist, being sustained by the vast and expanding sea of plastic debris," said Haram. This phenomenon will take a heavy toll on marine ecosystems. “The Hawaiian Islands are neighbored in the northeast by the North Pacific garbage patch. Debris that breaks off from this patch constitutes the majority of debris arriving on Hawaiian beaches and reefs,” said Nikolai Maximenko, senior researcher of the UH. “In the past, the fragile marine ecosystems of the islands were protected by the very long distances from coastal communities of Asia and North America,” Maximenko adds. “The presence of coastal species persisting in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre near Hawaii is a game changer that indicates that the islands are at an increased risk of colonization by invasive species.” 43. What transformed the oceanic biogeographical boundaries? A. The accumulation of plastic rafts. B. The plate movement of the sea floor. C. The shift of ocean currents. D. The pollution of coastal waters. 44. The scientists felt surprised because ______. A. more invertebrate species lived in coastal waters than ever before B. the North Pacific garbage patch was continuously expanding C. coastal invertebrate species thrived on plastic debris D. various open-ocean species had gathered along the coastline 45. What is Maximenko’s attitude to plastic debris in the ocean? A. Tolerant. B. Concerned. C. Optimistic. D. Ambiguous. 46. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Effects of Plastic on Biodiversity of Deep Ocean Waters B. Competition Between Coastal and Open-ocean Species C. Methods for Being Rid of the Sea of Plastic Pollution D. Unexpected Species' Colonization on Plastic Rafts at Sea Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. As we know, it is very important that a firm should pay attention to the training of its staff as there exist many weak parts in its various departments. _____47_____ It is defined when a firm considers its training needs, which are in turn based on job descriptions and job specifications. A job description should give details of the performance that is required for a particular job, and a job specification should give information about the behavior, knowledge and skills that are expected of an employee who works in it. _____48_____ This specifies what the Training Department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also the best methods to use in the training period. _____49_____ Successful training programmes depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills takes place “off the job” in the classroom, but training in using these skills takes place “on the job,” by means of such activities as practice in the workshop. _____50_____ The success of such a programme depends not only on the methods used but also on the quality of the staff who do the training. A company can often check on savings in time and cost by examining the work performed by the workers and technicians who have completed a training programme. The evaluation of management training is much more complex than that. A. Even if the employees may have high degrees in college, their knowledge and skills still need improving. B. When all of this has been collected, it is possible to make a training specification. C It is always difficult to evaluate the costs and savings of a training programme. D Staff training helps to develop employees’ skills and to improve the weak points. E. There are many different training methods, and there are advantages and disadvantages of all of them. F Staff training must have a purpose. IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Sadness is a natural part of the human experience. Clinical depression, however, is an entirely different matter, and much more serious. Clinical depression, sometimes called major depression, is a biologically based brain disorder that affects one’s thoughts, feelings, behavior and physical health. When people complain that they feel terrible, have no interest or take no pleasure in things, have trouble sleeping, lack energy, have a poor appetite, or cannot concentrate, there definitely is a possibility that the person is clinically depressed. Depression in its many forms affects more than 6.5 million of the 35 million Americans who are 65 years or older. Most old people with depression have suffered from episodes of the illness through much of their lives. But some have a first onset late in their lives — it may happen to those in their eighties and nineties. Depression in older people is closely associated with dependency and disability and causes great suffering for the individual and the family. Many old people and their families don't recognize the symptoms of depression, aren't aware that it is a medical condition, and don't know how it is treated. Others may mistake the symptoms of depression as signs of dementia (痴呆). Meanwhile, many old people think that depression is a character flaw, so they blame themselves for their illness and are too ashamed to seek help. Others worry that treatment would be too costly. Old people with depression rarely try to get treatment for the illness. Unrecognized and untreated depression has fatal consequences in terms of both suicide and non-suicide mortality (自杀或非自杀造成的死亡). The highest rate of suicide in the U.S. is among old white men. Depression is the single most significant risk factor for suicide in that population. Tragically, many of those people who go on to commit suicide have reached out for help — 20 percent see a doctor the day they die, 40 percent the week they die and 70 percent in the month they die. Yet depression is frequently missed. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 现在年轻人所缺乏的，不是书本知识，而是实践经验。(not... but) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 我们应该以事实为基础发表看法，而不是盲目赞成或反对他人的观点。(base) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 如果你不将理论与实践结合起来，你的研究将毫无用处。(combine) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 当父亲听说女儿在大学中的优异表现时，他满面春风、容光焕发。(hear) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 在高考结束后的毕业典礼上，你被选为学生代表发言，请你写一篇发言稿，回顾高中生活，展望未来。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 听力ACABC CBADD CDA DDB ACBA 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 上海市青浦高级中学2023学年第二学期3月质量检测 高三英语试卷 考试时间：120分钟 满分：140分 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Camping. B. Traveling. C. Sporting. D. Shopping. 2. A.$24. B.$30. C.$36. D.$60. 3. A. In a restaurant. B. At the theater. C. In a meeting room. D. At the office. 4. A. Impatient. B. Worried. C. Annoyed. D. Regretful. 5. A. Husband and wife. B. Salesman and customer. C. Boss and secretary. D. Interviewer and interviewee. 6. A. Go on with the chat. B. Connect with his friends. C. Review his lessons. D. Talk with his friends face to face. 7. A. He lost his classmate's homework. B. He broke the woman's calculator. C. He can't help the woman with her math. D. He doesn't know where the ON button is. 8. A. The concert is very impressive. B. She regrets paying for the concert. C. Applause encourages the singer. D. Almost everyone loves pop music. 9. A. She can't bear waiting. B. She doesn't like the size of her shoes. C. She is unwilling to wait for a long time. D. She is longing for the shoes that are currently unavailable. 10. A. The woman should have his delivery fee returned. B. They shouldn't order food in such awful weather. C. There is a problem with the policy of food delivery. D. The delay of the delivery is caused by the terrible weather. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The lack of clues about the species. B. Inadequate funding for research. C. Endless fighting in the region. D. The hazards from the desert. 12. A. To observe the wildlife in the two national parks. B. To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia. C. To identify the reasons for the lions' disappearance. D. To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions". 13. A. Lion tracks. B. Some camping facilities. C. Lions' walking. D. Traps set by local hunters. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. By picturing and adding maps. B. By drawing and measuring points. C. By storing and developing images. D. By comparing and matching face prints. 15. A. Banks use it to offer a fast entry. B. It can only be used with permission. C. Companies use it for security purposes. D. It can be used to meet customers' needs. 16. A. Neutral. B. Positive. C. Critical. D. Flexible. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Taking a vacation abroad. B. Reviewing for their last exam. C. Finding a better way to earn money. D. Saving enough money for a rainy day. 18. A. Preparing for his final exams. B. Negotiating with his boss for a raise. C. Working part time as a waiter. D. Helping the woman with her courses. 19. A. Finish her term paper. B. Save enough money, C. Learn a little bit of Spanish. D. Ask her parents’ permission. 20. A. He has rich sailing experience. B. He speaks Spanish fluently. C. He is also eager to go to Spain. D. He is easy to get along with. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, used one word that best fits each blank. Agree to Disagree I am old enough to remember running through the whipping rain to find a phone booth, only ____1____ (get) cut off in the middle of the call because I ran out of change. I remember having posted hand-written letters home from overseas that would take two weeks to arrive. In comparison, the world of social media is truly a miracle. Free of charge, you ____2____ contact anybody, anywhere, anytime. Social media enables us to debate with people the world over. And this is a good thing in some aspects. In the market-place of ideas, you get to try on other people’s shoes and see ____3____the world looks like from their perspective. In the 90s, experts predicted an end to historical conflict because people would become more open-minded and tolerant. But this is sadly not turning out to be the case. As psychologist Johnathan Haidt said in his article “The Codding of the American Mind,” social media ____4____ (create) people who are addicted to conflict and is driving polarization (极端化). Because online disagreements are no longer being conducted between two people in an ____5____(enclose) room, but are instead happening in a public space with thousands of onlookers, many debates have devolved into ____6____ more than a popularity contest in which anyone who walks away with the most “likes” ____7____ (crown) the winner. People often say things they don’t believe in order to get more likes. Meanwhile, social media algorithms (算法) reinforce an echo chamber (回音室). By ____8____ (expose) you to articles and videos similar in opinion to those you’ve clicked on before, they lure you down the rabbit hole ____9____the media you consume is reinforcing the opinions you already have. Many of us have probably got stuck in a heated debate over some controversial topic. This may not matter much if the conflict occurs between strangers. But when it comes to close family or friends, the result can be unpleasant. Many people find it really hard to feel close to their friends _____10_____ they have the same beliefs. My advice here is to bear in mind the following: You are entitled to your opinion; I just happen to think otherwise. So let’s agree to disagree. 【答案】1. to get 2. can 3. what 4. has created 5. enclosed 6. nothing 7. is crowned 8. exposing 9. where 10. although##though 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述随着社交媒体的不断发展，它为世界各地人们的思想碰撞提供了机会，同时也产生了消极影响，即争论和冲突的极端化。 1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我已经大了，记得我冒着倾盆大雨跑去找电话亭，结果因为没零钱，电话打到一半就被挂断了。根据句意，“(get) cut off in the middle of the call”是出乎意料的结果，结合空格前only，用不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。故填to get。 【2题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：免费，你可以随时随地联系任何人。根据句意，表示“能够”，用情态动词can。故填can。 【3题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：在思想的市场上，你可以试穿别人的鞋子，看看从他们的角度看世界是什么样子。“ the world looks like”是宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，意为“世界是什么样子”，用连接代词what引导该从句。故填what。 【4题详解】 考查动词。句意：正如心理学家乔纳森·海特在他的文章《美国人思维的编码》中所说，社交媒体造就了沉迷于冲突的人，并正在推动两极分化。create是主句谓语动词，与主语social media之间是主动关系，结合句意，描述过去持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时态，主语social media指整个媒体行业，视为单数，谓语用单数形式。故填has created。 【5题详解】 考查形容词。句意：因为网上的争论不再是两个人在一个封闭的房间里进行，而是发生在一个有成千上万旁观者的公共空间里，许多辩论已经演变成一场人气竞赛，谁得到最多的“赞”，谁就成为赢家。作定语，用形容词enclosed，意为“围住的，封闭的”。故填enclosed。 【6题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：因为网上的争论不再是两个人在一个封闭的房间里进行，而是发生在一个有成千上万旁观者的公共空间里，许多辩论已经演变成一场人气竞赛，谁得到最多的“赞”，谁就成为赢家。nothing more than是固定短语，意为“仅仅是，只不过是”。故填nothing。 【7题详解】 考查。句意：因为网上的争论不再是两个人在一个封闭的房间里进行，而是发生在一个有成千上万旁观者的公共空间里，许多辩论已经演变成一场人气竞赛，谁得到最多的“赞”，谁就成为赢家。crown(为……加冕)是句中谓语动词，与主语anyone之间是被动关系，描述一般性事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是不定代词anyone，谓语动词应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，单数形式。故填is crowned。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：通过向你展示与你之前点击过的观点相似的文章和视频，他们引诱你进入兔子洞，在那里你消费的媒体正在强化你已经拥有的观点。介词后用动名词exposing作宾语。故填exposing。 【9题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：通过向你展示与你之前点击过的观点相似的文章和视频，他们引诱你进入“兔子洞”，在那里你消费的媒体正在强化你已经拥有的观点。空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the rabbit hole，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在“兔子洞”里”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 【10题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：许多人发现，尽管朋友有着相同的信仰，但他们真的很难感到亲近。“they have the same beliefs”和“really hard to feel close to their friends”有转折关系，用从属连词although或者though引导让步状语从句。故填although/though。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A. tide B. unremarkably C. un-spoilt D. portion E. streaming F. exclusively G. mirrored H. revealing I. pressed J. fading K. reluctant The West Highland Line: Follow the Rail of Hogwarts Express Soaring mountains, expansive lochs (湖) and famous bridges have earnt Scotland’s West Highland Line a place among the best railway journeys in the world. Starting in Glasgow, traveling north through historic villages and ending in the coastal village of Mallaig, this line is an easy and sustainable way to discover the Scottish Highlands. My journey on this scenic train route started rather ____11____. The 08:12 train required me to begin my day alongside thousands of commuters ____12____ into Queen Street Station-many of whom clutched coffees and kept their eyes cast down ahead of another day in the office. And I was almost the only one traveling against the ____13____. All of a sudden, we were in the southern reaches of the Highlands, where all was ____14____ lochs and glens (峡谷) stuffed with Scots pine. Morning mist rolled between hills, hiding and then ____15____ more of this perfect landscape. The dying days of autumn were exceedingly beautiful-and we were just an hour into the journey. Passengers’ phones and noses were ____16____ to windows. Some urgently tried to post their experience in real time to social media, but the Wi-Fi signal was weak in the mountains and I didn’t want to miss the extraordinary landscape. An indisputable highlight along this section is the Glenfinnan Viaduct, which staff took time to announce in a small break. Fans of the Harry Potter film franchise often lose their minds at this ____17____ of the 120-year-old line-the Hogwarts Express passes over this old viaduct (高架桥) in several of the movies. And I could easily see why it’s simply breathtaking to behold and attracts visitors from across the globe. It’s the longest concrete railway bridge in Scotland and traverses about a thousand feet over the River Finnan, around one hundred feet above the ground, passing through some of the most atmospheric and ____18____ scenery. By the time we left Mallaig at 16:05, the mid-November daylight was already ____19____, meaning my long journey back to Glasgow happened almost _____20_____ in the dark. Not much was visible through the window as we started chugging south, but even in the blackness, I knew there was magic out there somewhere. 【答案】11. B 12. E 13. A 14. G 15. H 16. I 17. D 18. C 19. J 20. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了苏格兰西高地线的火车之旅，这条线路因其壮丽的自然风景和著名的桥梁而跻身世界最佳铁路旅行之列。 【11题详解】 考查副词。句意：我在这条风景优美的火车路线上的旅程开始时相当平淡无奇。根据句意“平淡无奇地、平凡地”可知，副词unremarkably，符合题意，作状语，修饰动词started。故选B。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：8点12分的火车让我和成千上万涌入皇后街车站的通勤者一起开始了新的一天——他们中的许多人手里拿着咖啡，眼睛低低地望着办公室里又一天的工作。根据句意“涌入”可知，动词stream，符合题意，需填非谓语动词，thousands of commuters和stream为逻辑主谓关系，需填现在分词形式作后置定语。故选E。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：我几乎是唯一一个逆着潮流而行的人。根据句意“潮流”可知，名词tide，符合题意，此处为名词作宾语。故选A。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：突然间，我们来到了苏格兰高地的南部，到处都是像镜子一样的湖泊和长满苏格兰松的峡谷。根据句意“像镜子一样的”可知，形容词mirrored，符合题意，作定语，修饰名词lochs。故选G。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：晨雾在山间翻滚，掩盖了又暴露了这片完美的风景。根据句意“暴露”可知，动词reveal，符合题意，此处需填非谓语动词作状语，Morning mist和reveal为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故选H。 【16题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：乘客的手机和鼻子都被压在窗户上。根据句意“压”可知，动词press，符合题意，主语Passengers’ phones and noses和谓语动词press为被动关系，需用被动语态，已有be动词were，空处需填过去分词，用一般过去时的被动语态。故选I。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：在哈利波特系列电影中，其粉丝们经常会对霍格沃茨特快列车经过这座有120年历史的高架桥这段线路失去理智。根据句意“部分”可知，名词portion，符合题意。故选D。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它是苏格兰最长的混凝土铁路桥，横跨芬南河约一千英尺，距地面约一百英尺，穿过一些最具大气和未被破坏的风景。根据句意“未被破坏的”可知，形容词un-spoiled，符合题意，作定语，修饰名词scenery。故选C。 【19题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：当我们在16点05分离开马莱格时，11月中旬的日光已经渐渐暗淡，这意味着我返回格拉斯哥的漫长旅程几乎完全是在黑暗中进行的。根据句意“逐渐消失”可知，动词fade，符合题意，为谓语动词，此处使用过去进行时，已有be动词was，空处需填现在分词形式。故选J。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意同上。根据句意“完全地”可知，副词exclusively，符合题意，作状语修饰动词happened。故选F。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. I imagine a young man, a senior in high school. His academic performance is good enough. However, just as his parents are about to send the ___21___ check to a college where he has been accepted, the young man admits that he doesn’t want to go to college. He wants to work, to earn a living, to be out on his own. Children have to build their own lives. But parents don’t want them to commit errors that will make it harder to build those lives. How should children and their parents think about this ___22___? College is often discussed as a(n) ___23___ in the future: You pay up front so you can benefit abundantly for the rest of your life. The financial benefits of a college education over the past decades indeed look great. However, past performance won’t necessarily ensure future returns. To make the plots more ___24___, from 1989 to 2016, college tuition went up by 98 percent. This has led to a lot of student-loan debt. It may be worth the cost for some kids who want to go into a field that requires a college degree, but others don’t know what they want to do after college, so for them college is like buying an expensive ___25___ for future employment. Still, it’s worth noting that in 2019, just 66 percent of college graduates were in jobs requiring a college degree. What’s more, as of 2010, only 27 percent were in jobs related to their college major. Perhaps you don’t primarily use ___26___ analysis to make decision about your life or your child’s. But everyone wants to be happy, and wants their child to be happy as well. So let’s look at the ___27___ effects of college. Some scholars have found that, when controlling for other factors in life such as income and religious faith, education by itself has no independent explanatory ___28___ over happiness. Some actually believe that education is negatively linked to happiness, and hypothesize that some college attendees exchange life satisfaction for their academic ___29___. And there’s all that student debt to consider. According to a Gallup study, student debt is negatively correlated with financial and physical health and sense of purpose, and is ___30___ low well-being on these dimensions for as long as 25 years after graduation. ___31___, the only thing we can say with assurance is, “It depends.” On what? On the unique ___32___ of each person. A child’s gifts, circumstances, and career ambitions all affect whether college is the right choice. Most of all, it depends on what they want to do. As a longtime academic, I can assure you that the No. 1 ___33___ of a failure to thrive in college is not wanting to be there in the first place. That may be obvious to would-be students, but to many of their parents it isn’t. The college decision is often as much about the parents as it is about their kids. It’s easy to ___34___ our own desires onto our kids -- to try to see our own potential come alive through them. But it’s a mistake. No one is a start-up enterprise, and there is not just one path to success. The college-for-all fever that has overtaken much of our culture ___35___ gifts that our kids have to develop and share. In fact, building their life with integrity and grit is what all parents could ever ask. 21. A. security B. deposit C. information D. routine 22. A. dilemma B. landscape C. consequence D. disappointment 23. A. shelter B. investment C. prospect D. victory 24. A. evident B. compelling C. complicated D. realistic 25. A. insurance B. scam C. maintenance D. lesson 26. A. trial-error B. question-answer C. cost-benefit D. pros-cons 27. A. health B. society C. happiness D. education 28. A. concern B. power C. favor D. advantage 29. A. prejudice B. panic C. ambition D. unemployment 30. A. applied to B. blamed on C. informed of D. associated with 31. A. However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Furthermore 32. A. fates B. decisions C. attributes D. inputs 33. A. qualification B. coverage C. witness D. predictor 34. A. project B. owe C. adjust D. prefer 35. A. highlights B. justifies C. ignores D. visualizes 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述的是大学生是否要去上大学。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，就在他的父母准备把押金支票寄给他所录取的一所大学时，这个年轻人承认他不想上大学。A. security安全；B. deposit存款；C. information信息；D. routine常规。此处表示的是父母准备交学费的时候，结果年轻人不想上大学了。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子和他们的父母应该如何看待这种困境? A. dilemma困境；B. landscape风景；C. consequence结果；D. disappointment失望。根据前文“He wants to work, to earn a living, to be out on his own. ”可知，父母本做好让孩子上大学的准备，结果孩子不愿意去上大学，所以此处指的是困境。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：上大学常被认为是对未来的一种投资。A. shelter避难所；B. investment投资；C. prospect前景；D. victory胜利。根据后文“You pay up front so you can benefit abundantly for the rest of your life.”可知，把教育视为一种对未来的投资故选B。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：情节更复杂的是，从1989年到2016年，大学学费上涨了98%。这导致了大量的学生贷款债务。A. evident有证据的，明显的；B. compelling强制的；C. complicated复杂的；D. realistic实际的。根据前文“plot”可知，此处表示情况更复杂的是。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于一些想进入一个需要大学学位的领域的孩子来说，这可能是值得的，但另一些人不知道他们毕业后想做什么，所以对他们来说，大学就像为未来的就业买了一份昂贵的保险。A. insurance保险；B. scam骗局；C. maintenance维持；D. lesson课程，教训 。根据后文“for future employment.”可知，对于很多毕业后想做什么的人来说大学就像为未来的就业买了一份昂贵的保险。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许你在为你或你孩子的生活做决定时并不主要使用成本效益分析。A. trial-error试错法；B. question-answer问答法；C. cost-benefit成本效益；D. pros-cons利和弊。根据前文“College is often discussed as a(n) ___3___ in the future”可知，家长们在为孩子们作决定的时候不会考虑成本，并没有把上大学看成是投资或者是保险考虑收益。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：让我们看看大学对幸福感的影响。A. health健康；B. society社会；C. happiness幸福；D. education教育。根据前文“wants their child to be happy as well”可知，父母想让孩子们幸福。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些学者发现，当控制生活中的其他因素如收入和宗教信仰时，教育本身并没有独立的解释幸福的力量。A. concern关心；B. power力量；C. favor喜爱；D. advantage优势。根据前文“by itself has no independent explanatory”可知，教育本身并没有独立的解释幸福的力量。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人实际上认教育与幸福负相关，并假设一些大学生用生活满意度来换取学业抱负。A. prejudice偏见；B. panic恐慌；C. ambition野心；D. unemployment失业。根据前文“exchange life satisfaction”可知，一些大学生用生活满意度来换取学业抱负。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：根据盖洛普(Gallup)的一项研究，学生债务与财务、身体健康和目标感呈负相关，并且与毕业后长达25年的低幸福感相关。A. applied to应用；B. blamed on负责；C. informed of通知；D. associated with联系。根据前文“student debt is negatively correlated with financial and physical health and sense of purpose”可知，学生债务与财务、身体健康和目标感呈负相关，并且与毕业后长达25年的低幸福感相关。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们唯一能肯定地说的是:“这要看情况。”取决于什么方面？每个人的独特属性。A. however然而；B. therefore因此；C. otherwise否则；D. furthermore此外，更新一步。此处表示因果关系。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. fates命运；B. decisions决定；C. attributes属性；D. inputs投入。根据后文“each person”可知，此处上大学的意义取决于个人的属性和状况。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查迷名词词义辨析。句意：我可以向你保证，一个人在大学里无法茁壮成长的首要因素，就是一开始就不想上大学。A. qualification资格；B. coverage覆盖，涵盖；C. witness目击者，见证；D. predictor预示。根据“of a failure”可知，此处表示失败的预示，表明孩子已经不想上大学了。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们很容易把自己的愿望投射到孩子身上——试着通过他们看到自己的潜力。A. project预算，投射；B. owe欠；C. adjust调整；D. prefer偏爱。根据后文“our own desires onto our kids”可知，家长容易把自己的愿望投射到孩子身上。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：席卷我们文化的全民大学热忽视了孩子们必须培养和分享的天赋。A. highlights突显；B. justifies裁决；C. ignores忽视；D. visualizes可视化。根据前文“overtaken much of our culture ”可知，全民大学热忽视了孩子们必须培养和分享的天赋。故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Red squirrels are said to be smarter than other squirrels. They claim to fame — and perhaps a sign of their intelligence — involves maple trees. Red squirrels are known for harvesting sap in the late winter and turning it into a kind of maple syrup. Their maple sugaring technique is quite simple. In a study in the 1990s, scientists observed red squirrels making chisel-like grooves in the bark of a maple tree. After making the grooves in the tree, the squirrels left the tress! They returned to the tree about 24 hours later and licked up the sap that remained on the tree. By this time the water in the sap had evaporated leaving behind a high concentration of maple sugar. Folklore even credits red squirrels with the origin of maple syrup. There is an Iroquois folktale that explains that Native Americans initially observed a red squirrel cutting into the tree bark with its teeth and later returning to lick the sap. An Iroquois youth observed this behavior and decided to use his knife to cut into the bark of a tree… thus discovering the maple tree’s sweet secret. A different legend relates the experience of an Algonquin chief. He struck a maple tree with his axe one day. His wife saw the tree wound dripping. She collected the sap in a wooden bucket and used it to boil the meat for supper. Both the chief and his wife were amazed at the sweetness of the meat that night. Native Canadians and Native Americans showed the first settlers how to tap trees, harvest syrup and boil it. Maple syrup and sugar soon became an integral part of American colonial life. In 1685, a quote from the British Royal Society newspaper read: “The savages of Canada, in the time that the sap rises, in the maple, make an incision in the tree, by which it runs out, and after they have evaporated eight pounds of liquor, there remains one pound that is sweet.” Soon maple sugar was the early colonists’ only sweetener, and this ended their dependence on foreign sugar. Maple sugar is an excellent source of energy and flavoring, and even more important, it doesn’t spoil so that it is a source of food that lasts all year, until the next sugaring season. Today Canada makes more than 80% of the world’s maple products. 36. What can we learn about red squirrels’ maple sugaring technique? A. Red squirrels boiled the sap to harvest maple sugar. B. Red squirrels remained on the tree to collect the sap. C. Red squirrels made grooves to ensure water evaporation. D. Red squirrels spent at least one day obtaining maple sugar. 37. How is paragraph 2 developed? A. By using statistics. B. By giving examples. C. By making comparisons. D. By explaining the cause and effect. 38. What does the underlined word “incision” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Cut B. Check C. Mark D. Hole 39. What impact did maple syrup have on American colonial life? A. It became the only source of food for early colonists. B. It led to a change in the early colonist’ eating habit. C. It put an end to relying on sugar from foreign countries. D. It gave rise to more sweeteners to satisfy colonists’ needs. 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. A 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍红松鼠榨取枫树汁液的特殊技能引出了枫糖浆的起源和历史。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“In a study in the 1990s, scientists observed red squirrels making chisel-like grooves in the bark of a maple tree. After making the grooves in the tree, the squirrels left the tress! They returned to the tree about 24 hours later and licked up the sap that remained on the tree. By this time the water in the sap had evaporated leaving behind a high concentration of maple sugar. (在20世纪90年代的一项研究中，科学家观察到红松鼠在枫树的树皮上刻出凿子状的凹槽。松鼠们在树上刻完槽后，就离开了树!大约24小时后，它们回到树上，舔舐树上残留的汁液。此时，树液中的水分已经蒸发，留下了高浓度的枫糖。)”可知，红松鼠至少花了一天的时间来获取枫糖。故选D。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Folklore even credits red squirrels with the origin of maple syrup. There is an Iroquois folktale that explains that Native Americans initially observed a red squirrel cutting into the tree bark with its teeth and later returning to lick the sap. An Iroquois youth observed this behavior and decided to use his knife to cut into the bark of a tree… thus discovering the maple tree’s sweet secret. A different legend relates the experience of an Algonquin chief. He struck a maple tree with his axe one day. His wife saw the tree wound dripping. She collected the sap in a wooden bucket and used it to boil the meat for supper. Both the chief and his wife were amazed at the sweetness of the meat that night. (民间传说甚至把枫糖浆的起源归功于红松鼠。有一个易洛魁人的民间故事，解释了美洲原住民最初看到一只红松鼠用牙齿咬树皮，后来又回来舔树液。一个易洛魁青年观察到这一行为，决定用刀切树皮，从而发现了枫树的甜蜜秘密。另一个传说讲述了一位阿尔冈昆酋长的经历。一天，他用斧头砍了一棵枫树。他的妻子看到树的伤口在滴水。她把树汁收集在一个木桶里，用来煮肉做晚餐。那天晚上，酋长和他的妻子都对肉的甜味感到惊讶。)”可知本段主要通过列举了两个民间传说来说明枫糖浆的起源的，所以本段通过举例来展开文章的，故选B。 【38题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“by which it runs out, and after they have evaporated eight pounds of liquor, there remains one pound that is sweet. (从那里流出汁液，在他们蒸发掉八磅酒后，剩下一磅是甜的。)”可推知，上文意思是在树上切开一个切口，这样汁液才能从切口流出，所以incision意为“切口”，和cut同义，故选A。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1685, a quote from the British Royal Society newspaper read: “ The savages of Canada, in the time that the sap rises, in the maple, make an incision in the tree, by which it runs out, and after they have evaporated eight pounds of liquor, there remains one pound that is sweet.” Soon maple sugar was the early colonists’ only sweetener, and this ended their dependence on foreign sugar. (1685年，英国皇家学会(British Royal Society)报纸上的一段话是这样说的：“加拿大的野蛮人，在枫树的汁液上升的时候，在树上切开一个切口，从那里流出汁液，在他们蒸发掉八磅酒后，剩下一磅是甜的。”很快，枫糖成为早期殖民者唯一的甜味剂，这结束了他们对外国糖的依赖。)”可知，枫糖浆让美国殖民地结束了对外国糖的依赖。故选C。 (B) Tutor Wanted Teach a kindergartener how to read online. Become a volunteer tutor with Learn To Be! LTB tutors are dedicated volunteers who believe deeply in educational equity. Our tutors volunteer their time to make the lives of under-served K-12 kids and their families easier, their opportunities greater, and their dreams bigger. Commit to tutoring at least 2 times per week for 3 months or longer. Support your students with homework help or use the resources provided by LTB to create your own lesson plans for your student. Visit our website to apply: https://www.learntobe.org Tutor adults in English The South Bay Literacy Council is an all-volunteer, non-profit organization dedicated to teaching adults to read, write and speak English in the South Bay, Los Angeles area. You’d commit to meeting weekly with your students online or in-person. We ask volunteers to make a 9-month commitment due to the time it takes to train and match tutors with students. Visit our website to apply: http://www.southbayliteracy.org Tutor for Remove the Borders Being a tutor for Remove the Borders is a great opportunity to gain volunteer hours while learning about how socioeconomic status and learning disabilities can hold students back. Dates on when you tutor will be worked out between you and the person you are tutoring. The minimum amount of sessions you have to tutor is three. Visit our website to apply: https://forms.gle/eJ2j8BAWAAeApEQq9 Teach online STEM classes Across the country, millions of students lack the resources to learn about STEM and computer science. Our non-profit organization strives to provide this vital area of education to underprivileged students through engaging in online classes. As a volunteer teacher, you will earn service hours while developing critical communication, teaching, and leadership skills. These class sessions will run for eight weeks, and have a time commitment of three hours per week. Visit our website to apply: https://www.roboticsforall.net/overview-of-positions.html 40. Who is Learn To Be intended for? A. Disadvantaged K-12 students. B. Students with learning disabilities. C. Grown-ups interested in English. D. Information technology majors. 41. Which program is most suitable for a volunteer without much time? A. Teach a kindergartener how to read online. B. Tutor adults in English. C. Tutor for Remove the Borders. D. Teach online STEM classes. 42. What do these four programs have in common? A. Only online service is offered. B. People can attend classes free of charge. C. Volunteers will acquire service hours. D. Applicants for volunteers’ jobs need to sign up online. 【答案】40. A 41. C 42. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是四个项目的导师的招聘启事。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据Become a volunteer tutor with Learn To Be!部分“Our tutors volunteer their time to make the lives of under-served K-12 kids and their families easier, their opportunities greater, and their dreams bigger.(我们的导师自愿奉献自己的时间，让弱势的K-12孩子和他们的家庭生活得更轻松，让他们的机会更大，梦想更大。)”可知，Learn To Be是为那些弱势的K-12学生设计的。故选A。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据Tutor for Remove the Borders部分“Dates on when you tutor will be worked out between you and the person you are tutoring. The minimum amount of sessions you have to tutor is three.(你的辅导时间将由你和你要辅导的人确定。你必须辅导的最低课时为三节。)”可知，Tutor for Remove the Borders最低课时为三节，辅导时间将由你和你要辅导的人确定，最适合没有太多时间的志愿者的是Tutor for Remove the Borders。故选C。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中的“Visit our website to apply: https://www.learntobe.org(请访问我们的网站申请：https://www.learntobe.org)”，“Visit our website to apply: http://www.southbayliteracy.org(请访问我们的网站申请：http://www.southbayliteracy.org)”，“Visit our website to apply: https://forms.gle/eJ2j8BAWAAeApEQq9(请访问我们的网站申请：https://forms.gle/eJ2j8BAWAAeApEQq9)”和“Visit our website to apply: https://www.roboticsforall.net/overview-of-positions.html(请访问我们的网站申请：https://www.roboticsforall.net/overview-of-positions.html)”可知，这四个项目的共同点是志愿者工作的申请者需要在网上报名。故选D。 (C) A new study describes a surprising number of coastal marine invertebrate (无脊椎动物) species thriving in floating communities in deep ocean waters. What's their secret? They are colonizing ever-expanding rafts of plastic debris. The study was led by researchers from the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC) and the University of Hawaii (UH) at Mānoa. They found a diverse range of taxonomic groups of coastal species in the eastern North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (北太平洋副热带流涡区) on over 70 percent of the plastic debris they examined. Not only that, but the debris carried more coastal species than open ocean species. “This discovery suggests that past biogeographical boundaries among marine ecosystems-established for millions of years-are rapidly changing due to floating plastic pollution accumulating in the subtropical gyres,” said lead author Linsey Haram, research associate at SERC. These floating communities, or “neopelagic (新远洋的) communities” , in deep oceanwaters were only recently discovered by scientists. The researchers looked at 105 plastic samples collected by The Ocean Cleanup during their 2018 and 2019 expeditions in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, which occupies most of the northern Pacific Ocean. “We were extremely astonished to find 37 different invertebrate species that normally live in coastal waters, over triple the number of species we found that live in open waters, not only surviving on the plastic but also reproducing. Our results suggest coastal organisms now are able to reproduce, grow, and persist in the open ocean---creating a novel community that did not previously exist, being sustained by the vast and expanding sea of plastic debris," said Haram. This phenomenon will take a heavy toll on marine ecosystems. “The Hawaiian Islands are neighbored in the northeast by the North Pacific garbage patch. Debris that breaks off from this patch constitutes the majority of debris arriving on Hawaiian beaches and reefs,” said Nikolai Maximenko, senior researcher of the UH. “In the past, the fragile marine ecosystems of the islands were protected by the very long distances from coastal communities of Asia and North America,” Maximenko adds. “The presence of coastal species persisting in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre near Hawaii is a game changer that indicates that the islands are at an increased risk of colonization by invasive species.” 43 What transformed the oceanic biogeographical boundaries? A. The accumulation of plastic rafts. B. The plate movement of the sea floor. C. The shift of ocean currents. D. The pollution of coastal waters. 44. The scientists felt surprised because ______. A. more invertebrate species lived in coastal waters than ever before B. the North Pacific garbage patch was continuously expanding C. coastal invertebrate species thrived on plastic debris D. various open-ocean species had gathered along the coastline 45. What is Maximenko’s attitude to plastic debris in the ocean? A. Tolerant. B. Concerned. C. Optimistic. D. Ambiguous. 46. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Effects of Plastic on Biodiversity of Deep Ocean Waters B. Competition Between Coastal and Open-ocean Species C. Methods for Being Rid of the Sea of Plastic Pollution D. Unexpected Species' Colonization on Plastic Rafts at Sea 【答案】43. A 44. C 45. B 46. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项新的研究发现了数量惊人的沿海海洋无脊椎动物物种在不断扩大的海洋塑料筏上繁衍生息，这将对海洋生态系统造成严重损害。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“They found a diverse range of taxonomic groups of coastal species in the eastern North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (北太平洋副热带流涡区) on over 70 percent of the plastic debris they examined. Not only that, but the debris carried more coastal species than open ocean species. “This discovery suggests that past biogeographical boundaries among marine ecosystems-established for millions of years-are rapidly changing due to floating plastic pollution accumulating in the subtropical gyres,” said lead author Linsey Haram, research associate at SERC. (他们在北太平洋亚热带环流东部的70%以上的塑料垃圾上发现了各种各样的沿海物种分类群。不仅如此，这些碎片还携带了更多的沿海物种，而不是海洋物种。“这一发现表明，由于漂浮的塑料污染在亚热带环流中积累，海洋生态系统之间过去建立了数百万年的生物地理界限正在迅速改变，”该研究的主要作者、SERC的研究助理林西·哈拉姆(Linsey Haram)说。)”可知塑料筏堆积改变了海洋的生物地理界限，故选A。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“We were extremely astonished to find 37 different invertebrate species that normally live in coastal waters, over triple the number of species we found that live in open waters, not only surviving on the plastic but also reproducing. (我们非常惊讶地发现，通常生活在沿海水域的37种不同的无脊椎动物物种，是我们发现生活在开阔水域的物种数量的三倍多，它们不仅在塑料上生存，而且还在繁殖。)”可知科学家们因为沿海无脊椎动物在塑料碎片上繁衍生息而感到惊讶。故选C。 【45题详解】 推理判断题，根据最后一段““The Hawaiian Islands are neighbored in the northeast by the North Pacific garbage patch. Debris that breaks off from this patch constitutes the majority of debris arriving on Hawaiian beaches and reefs,” said Nikolai Maximenko, senior researcher of the UH. “In the past, the fragile marine ecosystems of the islands were protected by the very long distances from coastal communities of Asia and North America,” Maximenko adds. “The presence of coastal species persisting in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre near Hawaii is a game changer that indicates that the islands are at an increased risk of colonization by invasive species.” (“夏威夷群岛在东北与北太平洋垃圾带相邻。夏威夷大学的高级研究员Nikolai Maximenko说：“从这片区域脱落的碎片构成了到达夏威夷海滩和珊瑚礁的大部分碎片。”“过去，这些岛屿脆弱的海洋生态系统受到远离亚洲和北美沿海社区的保护，”Maximenko补充说。“在夏威夷附近的北太平洋亚热带环流中持续存在的沿海物种的存在改变了游戏规则，这表明这些岛屿被入侵物种殖民的风险增加了。)”可推知Maximenko对海洋中的塑料碎片非常关心，故选B。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。 通读全文，尤其第一段“A new study describes a surprising number of coastal marine invertebrate (无脊椎动物) species thriving in floating communities in deep ocean waters. What's their secret? They are colonizing ever-expanding rafts of plastic debris. (一项新的研究描述了数量惊人的沿海海洋无脊椎动物物种，它们在深海的漂浮群落中茁壮成长。他们的秘诀是什么? 他们正在不断膨胀的塑料碎片筏上定居。)”可知文章主要讲述一项新的研究发现了数量惊人的沿海海洋无脊椎动物物种在不断扩大的海洋塑料筏上繁衍生息，这将对海洋生态系统造成严重损害。故选项D“海洋塑料筏上意想不到的物种定居”符合本文主旨，适合作标题，故选D。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. As we know, it is very important that a firm should pay attention to the training of its staff as there exist many weak parts in its various departments. _____47_____ It is defined when a firm considers its training needs, which are in turn based on job descriptions and job specifications. A job description should give details of the performance that is required for a particular job, and a job specification should give information about the behavior, knowledge and skills that are expected of an employee who works in it. _____48_____ This specifies what the Training Department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also the best methods to use in the training period. _____49_____ Successful training programmes depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills takes place “off the job” in the classroom, but training in using these skills takes place “on the job,” by means of such activities as practice in the workshop. _____50_____ The success of such a programme depends not only on the methods used but also on the quality of the staff who do the training. A company can often check on savings in time and cost by examining the work performed by the workers and technicians who have completed a training programme. The evaluation of management training is much more complex than that. A. Even if the employees may have high degrees in college, their knowledge and skills still need improving. B. When all of this has been collected, it is possible to make a training specification. C. It is always difficult to evaluate the costs and savings of a training programme. D. Staff training helps to develop employees’ skills and to improve the weak points. E. There are many different training methods, and there are advantages and disadvantages of all of them. F. Staff training must have a purpose. 【答案】47. F 48. B 49. E 50. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了公司的员工培训的重要性以及应该注意的问题。 【47题详解】 根据上文“As we know, it is very important that a firm should pay attention to the training of its staff as there exist many weak parts in its various departments.(正如我们所知，公司应该注意员工的培训，这是非常重要的，因为它的各个部门都存在许多薄弱环节)”以及后文“It is defined when a firm considers its training needs, which are in turn based on job descriptions and job specifications.(当一个公司考虑它的培训需求时，它就被定义了，而培训需求又是基于职位描述和工作规范的)”可知，上文提到重视员工培训，后文提到了考虑培训需求，即培训的目的需要被定义。故F选项“员工培训必须有目的”符合语境，故选F。 【48题详解】 根据上文“A job description should give details of the performance that is required for a particular job, and a job specification should give information about the behavior, knowledge and skills that are expected of an employee who works in it.(一份工作描述应该详细说明某一特定工作所要求的表现，一份工作说明书应该详细说明从事该工作的员工所应具备的行为、知识和技能)”以及后文“This specifies what the Training Department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also the best methods to use in the training period.(这规定了培训部门为成功完成工作必须教授的内容，以及在培训期间使用的最佳方法)”可知，上文列举了工作描述和要求，后文提到了培训部门的作用，推测本句属于过渡句，总结上文工作描述和要求这些信息的作用。故B选项“当所有这些都收集到之后，就可以制定培训规范了”符合语境，故选B。 【49题详解】 根据本段内容“Successful training programmes depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills takes place “off the job” in the classroom, but training in using these skills takes place “on the job,” by means of such activities as practice in the workshop.(成功的培训方案取决于对学习技能和培训使用技能之间区别的理解。人们经常说，学习技能是在“工作之外”的课堂上进行的，但使用这些技能的培训是在“工作中”进行的，通过在车间进行实践等活动)”可知，后文提到了培训学习技能和使用技能有不同的方法，本句为本段主旨句，总结训练方法的不同和特点。故E选项“有许多不同的训练方法，它们各有优缺点”符合语境，故选E。 【50题详解】 根据后文“The success of such a programme depends not only on the methods used but also on the quality of the staff who do the training. A company can often check on savings in time and cost by examining the work performed by the workers and technicians who have completed a training programme. The evaluation of management training is much more complex than that.(这种方案的成功不仅取决于所使用的方法，而且取决于进行培训的工作人员的素质。公司通常可以通过检查完成培训计划的工人和技术人员的工作来检查节省的时间和成本。管理培训的评价要复杂得多)”可知，本段主要说明了对于培训的评价具有复杂性，本句为本段主旨句，总结评估培训的特点是困难的。故C选项“评估培训项目的成本和节省总是很困难的”符合语境，故选C。 IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Sadness is a natural part of the human experience. Clinical depression, however, is an entirely different matter, and much more serious. Clinical depression, sometimes called major depression, is a biologically based brain disorder that affects one’s thoughts, feelings, behavior and physical health. When people complain that they feel terrible, have no interest or take no pleasure in things, have trouble sleeping, lack energy, have a poor appetite, or cannot concentrate, there definitely is a possibility that the person is clinically depressed. Depression in its many forms affects more than 6.5 million of the 35 million Americans who are 65 years or older. Most old people with depression have suffered from episodes of the illness through much of their lives. But some have a first onset late in their lives — it may happen to those in their eighties and nineties. Depression in older people is closely associated with dependency and disability and causes great suffering for the individual and the family. Many old people and their families don't recognize the symptoms of depression, aren't aware that it is a medical condition, and don't know how it is treated. Others may mistake the symptoms of depression as signs of dementia (痴呆). Meanwhile, many old people think that depression is a character flaw, so they blame themselves for their illness and are too ashamed to seek help. Others worry that treatment would be too costly. Old people with depression rarely try to get treatment for the illness. Unrecognized and untreated depression has fatal consequences in terms of both suicide and non-suicide mortality (自杀或非自杀造成的死亡). The highest rate of suicide in the U.S. is among old white men. Depression is the single most significant risk factor for suicide in that population. Tragically, many of those people who go on to commit suicide have reached out for help — 20 percent see a doctor the day they die, 40 percent the week they die and 70 percent in the month they die. Yet depression is frequently missed. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Clinical depression, a biological disorder, has affected over one-fifth American old people physically and mentally, causing great sufferings for them and their families. Old people with depression are seldom well treated for lack of a proper knowledge of symptoms and roots of the disease and high cost of its treatment. Consequently, many of them choose to kill themselves. (58 words) 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说临床抑郁症是一种生理障碍，已经影响了超过五分之一的美国老年人的身体和精神，给他们和他们的家人带来了巨大的痛苦。患有抑郁症的老年人很少得到良好的治疗，因为他们对这种疾病的症状和根源缺乏适当的认识，而且治疗费用高昂。因此，他们中的许多人选择自杀。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Sadness is a natural part of the human experience. Clinical depression, however, is an entirely different matter, and much more serious. ②Depression in older people is closely associated with dependency and disability and causes great suffering for the individual and the family. ③Many old people and their families don't recognize the symptoms of depression, aren't aware that it is a medical condition, and don't know how it is treated. ④Old people with depression rarely try to get treatment for the illness. Unrecognized and untreated depression has fatal consequences in terms of both suicide and non-suicide mortality. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行重组。 3.遣词造句 Clinical depression is a physical disorder that already affects more than one in five older Americans physically and mentally, causing them and their families significant distress. Older people with depression rarely receive good treatment because they lack proper awareness of the symptoms and root causes of the disorder, and treatment is expensive. Therefore, many of them choose to commit suicide. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Clinical depression, a biological disorder, has affected over one-fifth American old people physically and mentally, causing great sufferings for them and their families.（运用了非谓语动词中的现在分词作状语。） [高分句型2]：Old people with depression are seldom well treated for lack of a proper knowledge of symptoms and roots of the disease and high cost of its treatment.（运用了被动语态句式以及for lack of…的介词短语作状语。） V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 现在年轻人所缺乏的，不是书本知识，而是实践经验。(not... but) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What young people lack now is not book knowledge, but practical experience. 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句，时态和并列连词。本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时，现在年轻人所缺乏的用what引导主语从句，缺乏译为“lack”，译为“What young people lack now”，不是……而是……用并列连词“not...but...”，书本知识译为“book knowledge”，实践经验译为“practical experience”，故整句译为What young people lack now is not book knowledge, but practical experience. 53. 我们应该以事实为基础发表看法，而不是盲目赞成或反对他人观点。(base) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We should express our views based on facts, rather than blindly approve or oppose others’ opinions. 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词，过去分词，名词，副词。“表达”为express，“应该做某事”为should do sth.；“我们的”为our；“观点”为view，此处为“我们的观点”所以用复数；“以……为基础”为be based on，此处作定语修饰看法，所以用过去分词；前半句译为We should express our views based on facts。表示“而不是”用rather than；“盲目地”为blindly；“赞成”为approve；“反对”为oppose；观点”为opinion，此处用复数；“其他人”为others，此处指的是其他人的观点；“所以用名词所有格。所以后半句意为rather than blindly approve or oppose others’ opinions。故答案为We should express our views based on facts, rather than blindly approve or oppose others’ opinions. 54. 如果你不将理论与实践结合起来，你的研究将毫无用处。(combine) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If you don't combine theory with practice, your research will be useless. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态，条件状语从句和固定短语。根据句意，本句可以用if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，将……与……结合起来用固定短语“combine...with...”，理论译为“theory”，实践译为“practice”，你的研究译为“your research”，无用的译为“useless”，故翻译为If you don't combine theory with practice, your research will be useless. 55. 当父亲听说女儿在大学中的优异表现时，他满面春风、容光焕发。(hear) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When the father heard about his daughter's excellent performance at university, he was all smiles with an energetic look. 【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句、动词短语、名词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，该句应为连词when“当……时候”引导的时间状语从句，在该从句中，表示“听说”应为动词短语hear about；表示“他女儿的出色表现”应为名词短语his daughter's excellent performance；表示“在大学”应为介词短语at university；在主句中，表示“满面春风、容光焕发”可译为be all smiles with an energetic look；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故翻译为：When the father heard about his daughter's excellent performance at university, he was all smiles with an energetic look. VI. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 在高考结束后毕业典礼上，你被选为学生代表发言，请你写一篇发言稿，回顾高中生活，展望未来。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Good morning, everyone. I'm Li Hua. It's my great honor to stand here to deliver my speech. It has been three years since I started my high school. At this moment, I cannot bear to part but I am also eager for my new life in the university. During the three years, not only have I made some true friends who shared sorrows and joys with me, but also I have gained various knowledge. Before leaving, I'd like to express my sincere gratitude to my teachers. It was they who patiently answered our endless questions. Besides, I owe many thanks to my dear classmates. Without their help and encouragement, I couldn’t have overcome so many difficulties. Now we have been determined to lead a more meaningful life in the university and I will live up to the expectations of my teachers and my parents. Thank you for your listening. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生在高考结束后的毕业典礼上，代表学生发言，写一篇发言稿，回顾高中生活，展望未来。 【详解】1.词汇积累 分享：share→ have a share with 此外：besides → what’s more 决定：be determined to→ make a decision to 克服：overcome→ get over 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Before leaving, I'd like to express my sincere gratitude to my teachers. 拓展句：Before I leave the high school, I'd like to express my sincere gratitude to my teachers. 【点睛】【高分句型1】During the three years, not only have I made some true friends who shared sorrows and joys with me, but also I have gained various knowledge.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句和not only…but also…固定句型） 【高分句型2】It was they who patiently answered our endless questions.（运用了强调句对主语进行强调） 听力ACABC CBADD CDA DDB ACBA 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$