高效作业18 [Period Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures]-【精彩三年】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语必修第三册课程探究与巩固教师用书配套课件PPT

高效作业18 [Period Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures] Unit 4　Space Exploration 1 2 3 4 5 6 [语言基础巩固] Ⅰ.单句填空 1．Keeping your m_______ strong helps you to avoid back problems. 2．The plan was a good one, but it had to be given up for l_____ of financial support. 3．We can see some plastic bags f________ on the river. 4．The child is small and short, so the top shelf is b_______ his reach. uscles ack loating eyond 5．I felt a _________(气流) of cool air blowing in my face. 6．Make a note of the questions you want to ask; _____________(否则) you may forget some of them later. 7．It took them about one month to figure ______ how to use the equipment. 8．It was thought that he'd committed the crime but there wasn't ___________(足够的) evidence to charge him. 9．Viruses tend to be good at surviving when a computer _________(系统) crashes. current otherwise out sufficient system 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ⅱ.写出下列句子中画线部分所作的句子成分 1． Group activities will be organised after class to help children develop team spirit．(　 　) 2． I was watching the clock all through the meeting as I had a train to catch．(　 　) 3．I hurried to his house, only to find him out．(　 　) 4．He's old enough to make a trip alone．(　 　) 状语 定语 状语 状语 5．His ability to get on well with people is his chief advantage.( ) 6．In his third year, he left Harvard to work for a company called Microsoft．(　 　) 定语 状语 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ⅲ.单句语法填空(用to do形式) 1．I am going off to Hainan tomorrow. Do you have anything _________ ______ (take) to your daughter? 2．He pretended__________________(work) when his boss passed him. 3．The conference _______________(take place) next month is bound to be a great success. 4．I really appreciate having the opportunity __________ (study) abroad. to be taken to be working to take place to study 5．In ancient China, food was stored with ice ___________(keep) it fresh. 6．I rushed to the station, only ____________ (tell) the train had already gone. 7．We were astonished _________(find) the temple still in its original condition. 8．_____________(make) matters worse, we didn't inform anyone of our journey before we set off. to keep to be told to find To make 9． The patient opened his mouth as if_________(say) something to his son, but he was too weak to say anything. 10．Your cousin is said ___________________(design) a new computer programme. to say to have designed 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ⅳ.用所给词的适当形式完成短文 Nowadays，more students in the US prefer 1．__________(leave) the campus and study in a foreign country for about one year. Some people may be 2．____________(frighten)：speaking in a foreign language，3．_________(leave) family and friends and adjusting to a new environment are very difficult for students 4．____________ (study) abroad.However，the experience students have abroad is often impossible to gain at their home universities. to leave frightened leaving to study “Globally, there is so much 5．_______(do).I'm hoping 6．_______ (go) somewhere and experience something I wouldn't get at home，”a student who intended 7．__________(study) abroad said. It is said that the increase has something 8．________(do) with the universities' promise that they encourage students 9．__________ (study) overseas. to do to go to study to do to study For many American students，some of the most important lessons abroad are those 10．_____________(experience) outside the classroom.Students can have deep opinions.Even very small cultural difference can surprise the students. experienced 1 2 3 4 5 6 [话题语篇提升] Ⅴ.阅读理解 A I am a reporter and I feel privileged to have been a witness to history being made. Every time I watch taikonauts(中国的宇航员) salute(敬礼) as the rocket carries them thundering away and flying toward the skies, my heart beats faster and my eyes begin to moisten. When Yang Liwei, a former fighter jet pilot, displayed the flags of China and the United Nations together during the Shenzhou Ⅴ mission in 2003 and wrote, “To make use of outer space peacefully and for the benefit of all humankind, the Chinese came to outer space.” He was remembered in the history of China as the person who achieved the nation's 1，000­year­old dream of “flying to the heavens”． In the years that followed, I saw Zhai Zhigang floating out of his spacecraft and waving a Chinese flag among the stars, Jing Haipeng entering China's first space lab, Wang Yaping demonstrating the beauty of physics to 60 million students far outside the Earth's atmosphere and Nie Haisheng creating the China's record for the longest stay in space. However, few people realise how taikonauts prepare themselves to be qualified. They need to study advanced mathematics, aerodynamics, astronomy, space science and technology, English, environmental science, medicine, psychology and many other theoretical courses, all in one year, a superhuman task equal to shortening a normal college student's four­year study plan to 12 months. Apart from theoretical study, taikonauts must undergo a large amount of physical training. In a pressure chamber, they go through a simulated ascent(模拟上升) from ground level to an altitude of 5，000 metres in five minutes, with all the dizziness, sickness and even shock. While training for spacewalks in a weightless environment, they wear a suit weighing over 160 kilograms and stay underwater for four hours at a time, losing two kilograms or more in each period. I have once interviewed Huang Weifen, who is in charge of taikonauts' training. “Without exceptional perseverance, they don't make it，” she said. “Our space knows no boundary, and our exploration will never end.” (　 　)1．Which of the following is TRUE about Yang Liwei according to the passage? A．He was remembered as the greatest taikonaut in China. B．He thought space exploration could make the world peaceful. C．He was the first taikonaut to realise China's dream of flying to space. D．He once floated out of the spacecraft and displayed only the flag of China. C (　 　)2．What preparations do taikonauts make to be qualified? A．12­month course study. B．5，000­meter climbing task. C．Two­kilogram weight loss. D．Four­hour underwater walk. A (　 　)3．Why does the author write this passage? A．To comment on taikonauts' achievements. B．To introduce some extraordinary taikonauts. C．To present the huge development of China's space exploration. D．To praise taikonauts' commitment to China's space exploration. D 【文本大意】作者讲述了中国航天的发展简史，一名又一名宇航员成功登上了太空，取得了新的突破；宇航员为此付出了巨大的艰辛：学习大量的理论课程，接受近乎极限的体能训练等。总之，没有非凡的毅力，他们不会成功。 1．C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He was remembered in the history of China as the person who achieved the nation's 1，000­year­old dream of ‘flying to the heavens’．”可知，他在中国历史上被铭记，因为他实现了中华民族1 000多年的“飞天梦”。由此可知，他是第一个实现中国飞天梦的宇航员。故选C。 2．A　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，很少有人意识到宇航员是如何为获得资格做准备的。他们需要在一年内完成高等数学、空气动力学、天文学、空间科学与技术、英语、环境科学、医学、心理学等许多理论课程的学习，这是一项非凡的任务，相当于把一个普通大学生四年的学习计划缩短到12个月。由此可知，要获得宇航员的资格就必须参加12个月的课程学习(12­month course study)。故选A。 3．D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，中国航天事业迅猛发展，一名又一名宇航员成功登上了太空。宇航员为此付出了巨大的艰辛：学习大量的理论课程，接受近乎极限的体能训练等。总之，没有非凡的毅力，他们不会成功。由此可知，作者写本文的目的是赞扬中国宇航员对中国太空探索作出的巨大贡献。故选D。 B 2023·南京市第九中学高一检测 A demonstration mission to test an idea to clean up space debris launched on Monday morning local time from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Known as ELSA­d, the mission will exhibit technology that could help capture space junk, the millions of pieces of orbital debris that float above Earth. The more than 8，000 metric tons of debris threaten the loss of services we rely on for Earth­bound life, including weather forecasting, telecommunications and GPS systems. The spacecraft works by attempting to attach itself to dead satellites and pushing them toward Earth to burn up in the atmosphere. ELSA­d, which stands for End­of­Life Services by Astroscale, will be carried out by a “servicer satellite” and a “client satellite” that launched together, according to Astroscale, the Japan­based company behind the mission. Using a magnetic docking technology, the servicer will release and try to “date” with the client, which will act as a model piece of space junk. The mission, which will be run from the U．K., will carry out this catch and release process repeatedly over the course of six months. The goal is to prove the servicer satellite's ability to track down and dock with its target in varying levels of complexity. The spacecraft is not designed to capture dead satellites already in orbit, but rather future satellites that would be launched with compatible docking plates on them. The development of other cleanup technologies has been underway for years. In 2018, a device called RemoveDebris successfully cast a net around a model satellite. The European Space Agency also plans to send a self­destructing robot into orbit in 2025, which the organisation's former director general has referred to as a space “vacuum cleaner”． (　 　)4．What do we know about space junk? A．It has a potential effect on our daily life. B．It circles around Earth alongside satellites. C．It is what astronauts desert in outer space. D．It has been cleaned up several times so far. A (　 　)5．What does the author tell us about ELSA­d in Paragraph 4? A．Its achievements in space. B．Its theoretical principle. C．Its two new satellites. D．Its space mission in orbit. B (　 　)6．What's the purpose of designing the spacecraft? A．Removing existing space junk in orbit. B．Testing a docking technology. C．Sending astronauts into space. D．Capturing satellites to be launched. D 【文本大意】太空垃圾有可能会影响到人们的日常生活，本文主要介绍了为清理太空垃圾所作出的努力。 4．A　细节理解题。根据第二段“The more than 8，000 metric tons of debris threaten the loss of services we rely on for Earth­bound life, including weather forecasting, telecommunications and GPS systems.(8 000多公吨的碎片威胁着我们在地球上生活所依赖的服务，包括天气预报、电信和GPS系统。)”可知，太空垃圾有可能影响到我们的日常生活。故选A。 5．B　推理判断题。根据第四段“ELSA­d, which stands for End­of­Life Services by Astroscale, will be carried out by a ‘servicer satellite’ and a ‘client satellite’ that launched together, according to Astroscale, the Japan­based company behind the mission. Using a magnetic docking technology, the servicer will release and try to ‘date’ with the client, which will act as a model piece of space junk.(该任务背后的日本公司Astroscale的‘生命终了服务’，将由一起发射的一颗‘服务卫星’和一颗‘客户端卫星’来实施，利用磁性对接技术，服务卫星将释放并尝试与客户端卫星 ‘约会’，这将充当太空垃圾模型。)”可推知，本段主要介绍了 “生命终了服务”的理论原理，即它在理论上是如何运作的。故选B。 6．D　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“The spacecraft is not designed to capture dead satellites already in orbit, but rather future satellites that would be launched with compatible docking plates on them.”可知，设计这个航天器的目的是捕捉将要发射的卫星。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ⅵ.七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Interesting Space Facts As time goes by, technological advancements have seen us learn more facts about space in the past century than in all time before that. We've already searched the universe for the most amazing space facts, including facts about the planets in our solar system, moons, the Milky Way and beyond! 1．_____ The highest mountain discovered is the Olympus Mons, which is located on Mars. It is over 25 kilometres high, making it nearly 3 times higher than Mount Qomolangma. 2．_____ That's the size of Arizona! The sun weighs about 330，000 times more than Earth. 3．_____ In fact, the sun is so huge that it contains 99.85% of all mass in our solar system. Footprints left on the moon won't disappear as there is no wind. But A D C wait a minute. 4．_____ Well, it actually wasn't blowing. That blowing you see is because of a telescopic horizontal rod(可伸缩的水平杆) that the astronauts were struggling to remove from the flag's top. 5．_____ This is due to the lack of gravity in space causing the vertebrae(椎骨) to expand a little. However, this extra height is lost when they re­enter the Earth's atmosphere and are affected by the Earth's gravity again. A．We're pretty sure they will make you interested! G F B．New discoveries will no longer be made in the future. C．It is so large that it can contain about 1，300，000 Earths! D．Not only is it tall, but it has an area of over 295，000 square kilometres. E．All these space facts may not be true at the time of writing. F．Astronauts can grow about two inches in height when in space. G．If there's no wind to blow them away, then why is the flag blowing? 【文本大意】文章介绍了太空中一些有趣的事实。 1．A　根据上文“We've already searched the universe for the most amazing space facts(我们已经在宇宙中搜索了最令人惊讶的太空事实)”可知，A项“We're pretty sure they will make you interested！(我们很肯定它们会让你感兴趣！)”符合语境，其中they指代上文中的复数可数名词facts，且该项与上文在语义上承接自然。故选A。 2．D　根据上文“The highest mountain discovered is the Olympus Mons … making it nearly 3 times higher than Mount Qomolangma.”可知，所发现的最高山是位于火星上的奥林匹斯山。它的高度超过25 千米，几乎是珠穆朗玛峰的3倍。由此可知，本段在对奥林匹斯山的具体情况进行介绍，综合所给选项可知，D项“Not only is it tall, but it has an area of over 295，000 square kilometres.(它不仅高，而且占地面积超过29.5万平方千米。)”符合语境，其中的“it”指代上文的“the Olympus Mons”。故选D。 3．C　根据上文“The sun weighs about 330，000 times more than Earth.(太阳的重量大约是地球的33万倍。)”可知，空处承接上文，继续描述太阳的大小，C项“It is so large that it can contain about 1，300，000 Earths！(它是如此之大，以至于它可以容纳大约130万个地球！)”符合语境，中“it”指代上文中的“the sun”。故选C。 4．G　根据上文“Footprints left on the moon won't disappear as there is no wind. But wait a minute.(没有风，留在月球上的脚印不会消失。但是等一下。)”和下文“Well, it actually wasn't blowing.(嗯，它实际上并没有吹。)”可知，本段主要讨论月球上是否有风，因此G项“If there's no wind to blow them away, then why is the flag blowing？(如果没有风把它们吹走，那为什么旗帜在飘扬？)”符合语境，wind为关键信息，并且该选项中的them指代上文中的复数可数名词Footprints。故选G。 5．F　根据下文“This is due to the lack of gravity in space causing the vertebrae (椎骨) to expand a little. (这是由于太空中缺乏重力导致椎骨略微扩张。)”可知，空处和下文形成因果关系，且空处涉及椎骨略微扩张的结果，综合所给选项可知，F项“Astronauts can grow about two inches in height when in space. (宇航员在太空中可以长高大约两英寸。)”符合语境，因为椎骨略微扩张，即拉长，因此在太空中身高会变高。故选F。 感谢聆听，再见！ $$