暑假2024-2025学年人教版九年级英语全册 被动语态总结自学

0 1 被动语态的结构 被动语态的基本构成为：“be+(及物动词的)过去分词”, 其人称、数和时态的变化都是通过be的不同形式表现出来。 ① 各种时态的被动语态 (1)一般现在时的被动结构是“am/is/are+ 过去分词”。 · Driving after drinking wine isn't allowed in China. 酒后驾车在中国是不允许的。 (2)一般过去时的被动结构是“was/were+ 过去分词”。 · When was the mobile phone invented? 手机是什么时候发明的? (3)一般将来时的被动结构是“will/shall+be+过去分词”。 · A new park will bebuilt in our hometown next year. 明年我们的家乡将建一个新公园。 (4)过去将来时的被动结构是“would/should+be+过去分词”。 · He said Mr Brown would be sent to work in Shanghai. 他说布朗先生将被派到上海去工作。 (5)现在进行时的被动结构是“am/is/are+being+ 过去分词”。 · The computer is being repaired now. 现在电脑正在修理。 (6)过去进行时的被动结构是“was/were+being+ 过去分词” · An operation was being operated on her then. 那时她正在接受手术。 (7)现在完成时的被动结构是“have/has+been+过去分词”。 ·Many children in Britain have been allowed to have their own bank cards. 许多英国孩子已经被允许有自己的银行卡。 (8)过去完成时的被动结构是“had+been+过去分词”。 ·Before you came,the meeting had been cancelled. 在你来之前会议已经取消了。 含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+过去分词” 构成。 ·Waste paper shouldn't be thrown everywhere.It's our duty to keep our city clean.不要随手丢弃废纸。保持城 市整洁是我们的义务。 ·The project mustbe finished by the end of this week. 这个项目这个周末前必须完成。 不定式的被动结构 不定式的被动结构是“to be+过去分词”。 ·There is a lot of work to be done today. 今天有很多工作要完成。 0 2 被动语态的用法 ① 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者。 · The boy was punished for lying. 那个男孩因说谎而受惩罚。 ② 强调动作的承受者。 ③ 动作的执行者是无生命的事物。 ·The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。 ·The house was struck by lightning.房子被闪电击中。 4 出于礼貌不提出动作的执行者。 ·You are requested to gethere on time. 请您准时到这里来。 0 3 主动语态变为被动语态的步骤 ① 主动语态中宾语的变换 主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，若主动语态中的 宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格。 ·Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week. 谓语的变换 谓语动词由主动形式变为被动形式。 ·Bruce writes a letter every week.→ A letter is written by Bruce every week. ③ by 短语的添加 主动语态的主语变为被动语态的宾语，主格变宾格，并 由 by 引导，有时可省略。 · Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week 4 其他成分不变 ·Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week 04 特殊形式的被动语态 ①短语动词的被动结构 将含有“动词+介词/副词”结构的短语动词的主动句转换为被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词不能遗漏。 ·They have sent for the doctor.→ The doctor has been sent for. 他们去请医生了。 带双宾语动词的被动结构 teach,give,pass,show,buy,tell等动词常常带有两个宾 语(双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语),改为被动语态时，两 个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。如果直接宾语被提前 作主语，那么间接宾语(一般是人)前要加相应的介词 to 或 fon. ·My father bought me an MP3.→ I was bought an MP3 by my father. An MP3 was bought for me by my father. 我父亲给我买了一个MP3。 ③ 含宾语从句的被动结构 常用形式主语it 替代被动句的主语，变成“it be±过去分 词+原来的宾语从句”的结构，有时还可变为“sb/sth be+ 过去分词+to do”结构。 · They say Tom is a handsome boy.→ It issaid that Tom is a handsome boy. Tom is said to be a handsome boy. 据说汤姆是一个帅哥。 4使役动词和感官动词的被动结构 make,have 等使役动词和 see,watch,hear 等感官动词变为被动结构后，其后的不定式不能省略 to,但let 除外。 ·They made the students do many exercises.→ The students were made to do many exercises. 他们让学生做很多练习。 ·The boy is often heard to practice singing in the music room.He sings very well. 这个男孩经常被听到在音乐室里练习唱歌。他唱得很好。 05 被动语态的注意事项 ① 主动形式表示被动意义的情况 (1)某些连系动词，如look,smell,taste,feel,sound,prove 等。 ·The idea sounds great.这主意听起来不错。 (2)某些表示主语特征、状态的动词，如wash,write,sell,read, open,cut,shut,keep 等。此类动词常与 not,hardly,well, easily 等副词连用。 ·That book sells well. 那本书卖得很好。 (3)某些表示“开始”“结束当的动词，如start,begin,open, close,stop,end 等。 ·The meeting ended at 7:30.会议于7点半结束了。 (4)某些表示“发生”“爆发”“传播”的不及物动词，如hap- pen,take place,occur,break out,spread等。 ·Suddenly,the fire broke out.突然，火灾发生了。 (5)某些表示“ 需要”之意的词，如need,want,require及表示“值得”之意的词deserve,be worth 后接动名词的主动形式表被动含义。 · Don't throw away the waste paper. It needs collecting so that it can be reused. 别乱扔废纸。它需要收集起来再利用。 ② 不能用被动语态的情况 (1)当谓语为某些表示状态的及物动词，如 have(有),own (拥有),hold(容纳),last(持续)等时，不能用被动语态。 ·Our holiday lasts 10 days.我们的假期有10天 (2)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时。 ·Linda can dressherself. 琳达可以自己穿衣服。 (3)宾语是不定式或动名词时。 ·Jim hoped to meet you again.吉姆希望再见到你。 ③ 被动语态和系表结构的区别 (1)被动语态表动作，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处 的状态。 (2)被动语态由by 引出动作的执行者，而系表结构中的过 去分词常有固定的介词搭配。 (3)系表结构中的过去分词可被very,quite,rather,too,so 等 副词修饰，而被动语态常用greatly 等词修饰。 (4)被动语态可用于进行时态，系表结构常用一般时或完 成时。 · We were greatly moved by what Tom did. 我们被汤姆的行为深深地感动了。(被动语态) · I'm quite satisfied with your work. 我对你的工作相当满意。(系表结构) 习题巩固 考点1 一般现在时的被动语态 1.—Why are you leaving your job? —I can't stand it any longer.I always to work overtime. A.am;asking B.am;asked C.was;asking D.was;asked 解答：B。 此处意为“我总是被要求加班”,表示经常性的动 作，要用一般现在时。且是“被要求”,故用一般现在时的被 动语态。 考点2一般过去时的被动语态 2.—Why hasn't Tony come? —The invitation letter to Toby by accident. A.was emailed B.has emailed C.is emailed D.emailed 解答：A。句意：“为什么托尼还没来?”“邀请函被意外地发到 托比那里了。”由语境可知，“发邀请函”发生在过去，故要用 一般过去时，且the invitation letter与 email 之间为被动关 系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。 考点3 一般将来时的被动语态 3.A new road near my school next year. A.builds B.will build C.is built D.will be built 解答：D。句意：明年我的学校附近将建一条新公路。由时间 状语next year可知，用一般将来时，且road 和 build 之间为 被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。 考点4 含情态动词的被动语态 4.—Tom is always careless with his schoolwork.Could you help him? —No problem!I think he to think twice before start- ing. A.should be told B.can tell C.should tell D.can be telling 解答：A。根据本题语境可知，“我”觉得他应该被告知开始之 前要三思，表示“应该被告知”要用should be told的结构。 考点5 使役动词的被动结构 5.Though he often made his little sister ,today he was made by his little sister. A.cry;to cry B.crying;crying C.cry;cry D.to cry;cry 解答：A 。make sb do sth意为“使某人做某事”,故第一空要 用 cry, 先排除B 项 和D 项；make sb do sth 的被动语态形式 是sb be made to do sth,故第二空要用to cry。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$